CHAPTER 1 RIZAL LAW

Jose Protacio Mercado Y. Alonzo Realonda

Born : June 19,1861
Died : Dec 30, 1896
Father : Francisco Rizal Mercado Y. Alejandro
Mother : Teodora Alonso Realonda Y. Quintos
BEBEGIRLS
Josephine Bracken (WIFE)
Leonor Rivera
Segunda Katikbak
Leonor Valenzuela
O-sei-san

Republic Act no. 1425 RIZAL LAW

- must studied the Life and works of rizal and be mandated in tertiary levels
Approved on June 12, 1956 (sponsored by lawmakers)
Effective on August 16,1956
House Bill- 5561
Senate Bill-438

Claro Mayo Recto - Father of Rizal Law

Jose P. Laurel - Senior of Rizal Law
Jose P. Laurel - Jr. Of Rizal Law
Lorenzo Tanada Sr.
Jacobo Gonzales

NOVELS OF JOSE RIZAL

Noli Me Tangere - Touch me not
El filibusterismo - Paghahari ng paghihimagsik
Awakened Filipino nationalism and paved the way for the Philippine
Revolution of 1896
Proved that “ Pen is Mightier than the Sword”

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HERO AND MARTYR

HERO - is a real person of great bravery who carries out extraordinary deeds
MARTYR - is the one who willingly accepts being put to death for adhering
openly to one’s religious beliefs; notably saints canonized after martyrdorn

William Howard Taft - a civil governor; Chairman of the Philippine

Commission
Dr. Otley H. Beyer - anthropologist and technical member of the panel of the
Commission and also who creats a criteria for national hero.
CRITERIA FOR NATIONAL HERO:
The person must be a Filipino
The person is a peace-loving and pacifist
The person must have a great sense of patriotism
The Person must have die for the community as a martyr

CHAPTER 2 THE PHILIPPINE CONDITION IN THE 19TH CENTURY AS RIZAL’S

CONTEXT

The 19th century was a dynamic and creative age especially in the Europe and
United States. During this period, such concepts as industrialism, democracy,
and nationalism, triggered revolutionary changes in science, technology,
economics, and politics. These changes enabled men to achieved the heights
of prosperity and dignity.

Insulares
full blood Spaniards born in the Philippines.
Creoles
mix blood or combination of Spaniards and Filipinos
Mestizoz
- mixed indigenopus Filipinos.
Mestizos are also called in different types:
l Mestizos de Sangley - mixed Chinese and Filipino
l Mestizo de Espanol - mixed Spanish and Filipino
l Tornatras mixed Spanish, Chinese, and Filipino
Illustrados
middle class that is educated in Spanish and exposed to Spanish liberal and
European Nationalist Ideas

Political Landscape
Spain governed the Philippines through the Ministro de Ultramar (Ministry of
the Colonies) established in Madrid in 1863. The Government was divided into
two: first is the Central Government in which the Executive and Judicial
Branch reside and second is also divided into three minor sectors namely; the
Provincial Government, Municipal Government, City Government

The Executive Branch

Governor General - He was theoretically responsible for all government and
religious activities during his term, including petty official negligence and
faulty administration of justice.

The Judicial Branch

Royal Audencia- the highest court in the land during the Spanish era. Served
as an advisory body to the Governor- General. Had the power to check and
report the abuses of Governor General.

Visita- The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a government official called the
VISITADOR GENERAL to observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador
General reported his findings directly to the King.

THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT

They manage the day to day operations of the provincial government and
implement laws and supervised the collection of taxes.

THE CITY GOVERNMENT

The larger towns became cities called AYUNTAMIENTO. It became the center
of trade and industry. It has a city council called CABILDO led by two alcaldes
en ordinario.

THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT

Each province was divided into several Towns or Pueblos headed by the
Gobernadorcillos. It was the chief executive and chief justice of the town. Its
main duty are efficient governance and tax collection. To achieve this duties
lieutenants aided the Gobernadorcillos.

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
With the coming of spanish colonizers, the European system pf education was
somewhat introduced to the archipelago. Aiming to convert the natives to the
catholic faith and make them obedient.

Colonial Government and the Catholic Church made religion a compulsory

subject at all levels.

Absence of academic freedom

The absence of academic freedom in Spain’s educational system was
extended to theschools that Spaniards established in the Philippines. Learning
in every level was largely byrote.

Prejudice against Filipinos in the schools of higher learning

In entirety, education during the Spanish regime was privileged only to
Spanish students.The supposed Philippine education was only a means to
remain in the Philippines as colonizers.

Friar controll over the system

The friars controlled the educational system during the Spanish times.
Themissionaries took charge in teaching, controlling and maintaining the rules
and regulationsimposed to the students.

ECONOMIC CONTEXT
The country was opened to foreign trade at the end of the 18th century which
resulted in the rapid rise of foreign firms in Manila. This is stimulated
agricultural production and export of sugar, rice hemp and tobacco.

Mercantilism to Free Trade/Laissez Faire

Before the 19th century, European practiced mercantilism—the country's
wealth and power can be measured in its stock of gold and silver.
- It also means that all trade should be conducted within a certain country and
its colonies.
- By 18th and 19th centuries, there was a shift towards “laissez faire” or “free
market trade” — countries and their colonies began trading with one another.

End of Galleon Trade

- Manila–Acapulco Trade
- Started when Andres de Urdaneta, in convoy under Miguel Lopez de Legaspi,
discovered a return route from Cebu to Mexico in 1565.
- This served as the central income–generating business for Spanish colonists
in the Philippines.

Opening of the Philippines to International Trade and the Rise of the Middle
Class
- Manila was opened to foreign trade which brought prosperity to the Filipinos
and Chinese mestizo resulting to the existence of the middle class.
- Filipinos now has the ability to send products outside the Philippines or to
other countries.
- The increase of the demand of supplies arises the economy of the Philippines.

Opening of the Suez Canal

- The invention of steam ships.
- Artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, the canal connects the Mediterranean
Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.
- Constructed by the Suez Canal Company between 1859 and 1869 under
French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps.
- Officially opened on Nov. 17, 1869.

CHAPTER 3 Rizal’s Life: Family, Childhood and Early Education

FATHER SIDE
•Don Domingo Lamco (Chinese name: Pinyin: Ke Yinan) - Great-great grand
father of Jose Rizal.
•Inez Dela Rosa -Wife of Don Domingo Lamco
•Francisco Mercado - Great grand father of Jose Rizal. (son of Don Domingo
and Inez)
•Juan Mercado- Grand father of Rizal (Son of Francisco Mercado)
•Francisco Mercado - Father of Jose Rizal.

MOTHER SIDE
•Eugenio Ursua- Great-great grand father of Jose Rizal, Descendants of a
Japanese settlers.
•Benigna- Wife of Eugenio Ursua (Filipina)
•Regina-Great grand mother of Rizal
•Atty. Manuel de Quintos-husband of Regina (sangley mestizo)
•Brigida- Grand mother of Jose Rizal
•Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo- husband of Brigida.
•Teodora Alonzo - Mother of Jose Rizal.

Don Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo were blessed 11 children 2 boys
and 9 girls.

1. Saturnina ( 1850- 1913 )

-The eldest child of the Rizal children. Her nickname was "Neneng" she
married to Manuel T. Hildago of Tanauan Batangas.

2. Paciano Rizal ( 1851-1930 )

-He was second child closest ,and oldest brother of Rizal. He was Rizal's
confidant, he was the one who convinced Rizal to study in Europe without
their parent's permission. He studied latin under maestro Justiniano Cruz
before attending the Colegio de San Jose in Manila.

3. Narcisa (1855-1939)
-The third child and whose nickname is "Sisa" and was married to
Antonio Lopez. She was a musician and an educator from Pueblo de Morong.
4. Olympia (1855-1887)
-Fourth child with a nickname "Ypia" , who was married to Silvestre
Ubaldo, a telegraph operator From Manila.

5. Lucia (1857-1919)
-Who married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, Laguna. Herbosa died of
cholera and was denied of christian burial being the brother-in-law of Jose
Rizal.
6. Maria (1859-1945)
-Her nickname was "Biang" and was married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of
Biñan Laguna. Couple was blessed with five children.

7. Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Y Realonda (1861-1896)

-His nickname was "Pepe", the greatest Filipino hero, and peerless
genius. He became the National Hero of the Philippines. He was a Filipino
nationalist and polymath during the tail end of the Spanish period of the
Philippines. An ophthalmologist by profession, Rizal became a writer and key
member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement which advocated political
reforms for the colony under spain.

8. Concepcion (1862-1865)
-Her nickname was "Concha". She died at the age of three. Her death
was Rizal's first sorrow in life.

9. Josefa (1865-1945)
-Her nickname was "Panggoy". She was epileptic and died spinster at
the age of 80. She became a member of the katipunan.

10.Trinidad (1868-1951)
-Her nickname was "Trining“. She was the last of the Rizal children to
survive and died as a spinster too and died at the age of 83.

11. Soledad (1870-1929)

-The youngest whose nickname is "Choleng " married to Pantaleon
Quintero of Calamba and was blessed with five children.

The Birth of Rizal

Jose Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonzo Y Realonda
• Was born on June 19, 1861, in the town of Calamba, Laguna
- Baptized by Father Rufino Collantes and his Godfather was Father Pedro
Casanas

•Jose- from Christian Saint Joseph

•Protacio-was taken from the catholic calendar
•Mercado- which means “market” in English
•Rizal- given by Don Francisco
•Alonzo- was the surname of rizal’s mother
•Realonda- was used by dona Teodora which is the surname of her
godmother.
RIZAL EARLY EDUCATION
Age of 3 - learned alphabet from his mother
Age of 5 - discover himself as an artist that he can do sketches and molding
clay.
Age of 8 - wrote a tagalog poem “Sa aking mga kabata”
BEST STUDENT IN SCHOOL

CHAPTER 4 HIGHER EDUCATION AND LIFE ABROAD OF RIZAL

EDUCATION AT BIÑAN, LAGUNA

In June of 1869
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz - Former Teacher of Paciano

EDUCATION AT THE ATENEO

On June 10, 1872
College of San Juan de Letran
Ateneo Municipal (later on became the Ateneo de Manila)
Father Magin Fernando - The school registrar of Ateneo Municipal
Jesuitical System
Father Jose Bech
Francisco G. Oliva, Joaquin Carrido, Gonzalo Manzano
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez - A great Educator and Scholar, He
considered as the best professor in Ateneo.
Don Agustin Saez – professor in fencing
Romualdo de Jesus – professor in sculpture (Filipino)

“In 1874-1877, he wrote poems of varied interest and perspectives about life :
(1) My First Inspiration ; (2) In Memory of My Town; (3) Through Education
the Mother Receives Light; (4) Intimate Alliance between Religion; and (5) A
Farewell Dialogue of the Students.

During his stay in at the Ateneo, Rizal’s grades were all Excellent. On March 23,
1877, he received his degree of Bachelor of Arts with honors. His scholastics
records in Ateneo from 1872 1877;

RIZAL’S STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS(1877-1882)

He pursued his studies at the UST.
The Bachelor of arts course during the Spanish times was equivalent only to
the high school and junior college course today.
His Mother Doña Teodora was opposed to his son's pursuing higher education
in manila.
Don Francisco believed of the great future that awaited his son.
The title of "Perito Agrimensor"( Expert Surveyor) with grades of "Excellent".
Fr. Pablo Ramon, the director of Ateneo de Manila..

RIZAL’S ARTISTIC WORKS

In the year 1879, the artistic- literary lyceum of manila
( liceo artistico-litererio) a society whose members were the artist in
literature held a contest in poetry writing and composition.
Rizal joined the contest and submitted his poem "To the Filipino youth"(Sa
kabataang Pilipino/ A La juventud Filipina).
The board of judges had chosen Rizal's poem as superior and had won the first
prize and recognition.

LITERARY WORKS OF RIZAL IN UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

YEAR 1879 A la juventad Filipina( To the Filipino Youth)
YEAR 1880 El consejo de los dioses( The Council of gods)
OTHER WORKS:
Abd-el-azis Y Mahoma
Junto Al Pasig(Beside the pasig)
A Filipinas( To the Philippines)
Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon, Recto Del Ateneo, En Sus Dias.

TRAVEL FOR SPAIN

On May 1, 1882- He began writing farewell letters to his family and friends.
On May 3, 1882- Rizal left on board the Spanish steamer ship SALVADORA
bound for Singapore.
He was the only Filipino and the rest were Spaniards, British and Indian
Negroes.
Captain, Donato Lecha from Asturias Spain

RIZAL’S EDUCATION IN SPAIN

Degree of Licentiate in Medicine (Licenciado en Medicina) by the Universidad
Central de Madrid on June 21, 1884.
Passed all the subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine (1884 -
1885)
Degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters on June 19, 1885 with the
rating of "Sobresaliente" (excellent).

RIZAL IN PARIS and BERLIN (1885 – 1887)

Went to Paris, France and Berlin ( now Germany) to specialize in
Ophthalmology.
He stopped at Barcelona to visit his friend Maximo Viola and Don Miguel
Morayta.
He arrived in Paris in October 1885 , he became assistant of Dr. Louis de
Weckert a leading french Ophthalmologist.
He visited the studio of Juan Luna, the home of Pardo de Tavera and Felix
Resurrecion Hidalgo.
"The Death of Cleopatra", he posed as the Egyptian priest.
"The Blood Compact", he posed as Sikatuna with Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
taking the role of Legazpi.

RIZAL IN HISTORIC HEIDELBERG, GERMANY

February 3, 1886, he reached Heidelberg.
Dr. Otto Becker, a distinguished renowned German Ophthalmologist.
Doctor Becker and prof. Wilhelm Kuehne.
During weekends, Rizal visited scenic spots around Heidelberg, the famous
Heidelberg Castle, the Romantic Necker River, and the old churches.
He lived with a Protestant Pastor Dr. Karl Ullmen.
The light blue " forget me not".
" A Las Flores de Heidelberg. " To the flowers of Heidelberg
( April 22, 1886)

CHAPTER 5 the great novel noli me tangere & the first home coming

Noli me tangere, novel by Filipino political activist and author José Rizal,
published in 1887. The book, written in Spanish, is a sweeping and passionate
unmasking of the brutality and corruption of Spanish rule in the Philippines
(1565–1898).
Jose Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere was all about the description of the Spanish
colonization here in the Philippines and how the Spanish treated Filipinos
badly.
This novel has a lot of symbolism and real-life events that opened the eyes of
the Filipino people during the Spanish colonization to start the revolution and
overthrow the Spanish colonizers.

SUMMARY OF NOLI ME TANGERE

The young and idealistic Juan Crisostomo Ibarra returns home after seven
years in Europe.
Padre Salvi, Ibarra’s mortal enemy accused Ibarra of insurrection.
Maria Clara found out that the letters of her mother were addressed to Padre
Damaso about their unborn child which means that she is the biological
daughter of the priest and not of her father, Capitan Tiago.
Ibarra was able to escape the prison with Elias, who also experienced injustice
with the authorities.
The fatally wounded Elias found the child Basilio and his dead mother Sisa.
The Noli Me Tangere characters and their representations
1. Crisostomo Ibarra – also known his full name as Juan Crisostomo Ibarra y,
Magsalin a filipino who studied in Europe for 7 years the love interest of Maria
Clara.
2. Elias – Ibarra’s mysterious friend, a massive boater also a fugitive, He was
refered to at one point as the “pilot”.
3. Maria Clara – Ibarra’s sweetheart; the illegitimate daughter of Father
Damaso and Pia Alba.
4. Father Damaso - An antagonist in character and represents the un Christian
works of the Catholic Friars who are in the church.
5. Sisa – the mother of Basilo and Crispin,who became insane after losing her
sons.
6. Kaptain Tiago – An illegal oplum trader who subsequently was a landlord.
7. Pilosopong Tasyo – also known as Don Anastacio, portrayed in the novel as
pessimistic,cynic and mad by his neighbors.
8. Doño Victorina – a woman who passes herself off as a Peninsulares.
9. Pedro – abbusive husband of Sisa who loved cockfighting.
10. Don Rafael Ibarra – known in the plot as concerned citizen and property
owner who was the father of Crisostomo Ibarra.
11. The School Master – A teacher at San Diego who’s view in the novel
represented the weak and useless education in the Philippines.
12. Tandang Pablo – the leader of the rebels, whose family was destroyed
because of the Spaniards.
13. Basiliio – the elder son of Sisa
14. Crispin – the younger son of Sisa
15. Padre Sibyla – a Filipino friar
16. Padre Salvi – secret admirer of Maria Clara
17. The Aliérez – chief of the Guardia Civil
18. Don Tiburcio – Spanish husband of Donya Victorina, who was limp &
submissive to his wife
19. Doño Consolacion – another woman who passed herself as Peninsular
20. Captain–General (no specific name) – The most powerful official in the
Philippines.

Thoughts and ideas of Jose Rizal in the novel

1. Social cancer
2. Jose Rizal viewed the friars as the major cause of the social cancer
3. Jose Rizal criticized religious fanatism of Filipinos
4. Jose Rizal emphasized that education is prequisite of reform, progress, and
social change

FIRST HOMECOMING (1887-1888)

Rizal decided to return in Calamba for the following reasons:
To operate on his mother’s eyes
To help his family and the Filipino people.
To find out for himself how Noli Me Tangere and his other writings were
affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines.
He wanted to find out why Leonor Rivera remained silent while he was in
Rome
On June 29, 1887, Rizal wrote to his father, about his homecoming. He
expected to be in the Philippines by the 15th to 30th of August

Trouble in Noli Me Tangere

The conflicts that were dominant in the novel like;
- Corruption
- Poverty
- Abused Power
abuse remain the same problem up to this day. Jose Rizal's Noli Me Tangere
tells us that we should reflect on our actions and beliefs for our country.

The attack in Noli Me Tangere

His report consisted of four parts:
attacks on the religion of the State
attacks on the administration, the government employees and the courts
attacks on the civil guards
attacks on the on the territorial integrity of the Spanish Kingdom

Noli Me Tangerewas fiercely attacked on the Session hall of the Senate of the
Spanish Cortes by:
• General Jose Salamanca (April 1,1888)
• General Luis M. De Pando (April 12,1888)
• Sr. Fernando Vida (June11,1888)

Defenders in Noli Me Tangere

Marcelo H. Del Pillar, Graciano Lopez - Jaena, Antonio Ma. Regidor, Mariano
Ponce rushed to uphold the truths of the Noli.
Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez - Rizal’s favorite teacher in Ateneo
defended and praised the novel in public.
Don Segismundo Moret - former minister of the Crown.
Rev. Fr. Vicente Garcia - a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the
Manila Cathedral and a Tagalog translator of the famous imitation of Christ by
Thomas Kempis.- Under the pen name Justo Desidorio Magalang he wrote a
defense of the novel published in Singapore.
Rizal cried because of his gratitude to his defenders especially to Fr. Garcia
who defended him unexpectedly.
He attacked Barantes by exposing his ignorance of Philippines affairs and
mental dishonesty which is unworthy of an academician. Because of the
interest of both enemies and protectors of the Noli the price of the book
increased from five pesetas per copy 50 pesetas per copy

CHAPTER 6 Rizal’s Return to Europe & Novel El Filibusterismo

Rizal’s Return to Europe

May 16, 1888 ( to London, UK )
- "City of Rome"
May 24, 1888 ( to London, UK )
- "Queens Ireland"
• Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
- Lawyer
- Diplomat
- Propagandist

Three Reasons in Travelling to London

1. To improve his knowledge on English
2. To study Dr. Antonio de Morga's book "SUCCESOS DE LAS FILIPINAS"
3. London was safe from the Spaniards

February 15, 1889

"ASOSACION LA SOLIDARIDAD"- was reformists in Barcelona, Spain

The First to Advocate

Rizal was the first to advocate the Filipinization of its orthography.

“Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala” (The New Orthography of the

Tagalog Language.)

Salacot = Salakot
Arao = Araw

Two reason impelled Rizal left Paris because of the:

Expensive cause of living
The gay social life hampered his literary works.
(Au Revoir, Paris)

August 1890
Rizal arrived in Madrid, but bad news piled as arrived in the country.
’Rizal experienced Misfortunes’;
• Failure to receive justice for the family.
• The death of Jose Maria Panganiban
• Infidelity of Leonor Rivera

February 1891
Rizal arrived in Biarritz
Rizal found consoltation in writing he kept working on his second novel which
he began to write in Calamba on year 1887

March 29, 1891

Rizal finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo

May 1, 1891
Rizal notified the Propaganda authorities in Manila to cancel his monthly
allowance and devote the money to some better cause.

May 30, 1891

The final revisions for El Filibusterismo was done in Brussels

August 7, 1891
Rizal stopped his writing in La Solidaridad

El Filibusterismo Tauhan at Kanilang mga Katangian

SIMOUN
BASILIO

KABESANG TALES
Telesforo Juan De Dios, a former cabeza de barangay (barangay head) who
resurfaced as the feared Luzon bandit Matanglawin (Tagalog for “Hawkeye”)
his father, Tandang Selog, died eventually after his own son Tano, who
become a guardia civil, unknowingly shot his grandfather in an encounter.

ISAGANI
Basilio’s friend and one of the students who planned to set up a new school.
&e is very idealistic and hopes for a better future for the Philippines. His
girlfriend was the rich and beautiful Paulita Gomez, but they broke up once he
was arrested. despite this, his love for her still endured. He sabotaged
Simoun’s plans by removing the lamp that contained explosives and threw it
in the waters.

DON CUSTODIO
Custodio de Salazar y Sánchez de Monteredondo, a famous journalist who was
asked by the students about his decision for the Academia de Castellano. In
reality, he is quite an ordinary fellow who married a rich woman in order to be
a member of Manila's high society.

PAULITA GOMEZ
The girlfriend of Isagani and the niece of Doña Victorina, the old Indio who
passes herself off as a Peninsular, who is the wife of the quack doctor Tiburcio
de Espadaña. In the end, she and Isagani part ways, Paulita believing she will
have no future if she marries him. She eventually marries Juanito Peláez.

FATHER FLORENTINO
Isagani's uncle and a retired priest. Florentino was the son of a wealthy and
influential Manila family. He entered the priesthood at the insistence of his
mother. As a result he had to break an affair with a woman he loved, and in
despair devoted himself instead to his parish. When the 1872 Cavite
mutiny broke out, he promptly resigned from the priesthood, fearful of
drawing unwanted attention.

JULI
Juliana de Dios, the girlfriend of Basilio, and the youngest daughter of
Kabesang Tales. When Tales was captured by bandits, Juli petitioned Hermana
Penchang to pay for his ransom. In exchange, she had to work as Penchang's
maid.

BEN ZAYB
A columnist for the Manila Spanish newspaper El Grito de la Integridad. Ben-
Zayb is his pen name and is an anagram of Ybanez, an alternate spelling of his
last name Ibañez. His first name is not mentioned. Ben-Zayb is said to have the
looks of a friar, who believes that in Manila they think because he thinks.

PLACIDO PENITENTE
A student of the University of Santo Tomas who had a distaste for study and
would have left school if it were not for his mother's pleas for him to stay. He
clashes with his physics professor, who then accuses him of being a member
of the student association, whom the friars despise

QUIROGA
A Chinese businessman who aspired to be a consul for China in the Philippines.
Simoun coerced Quiroga into hiding weapons inside the latter's warehouses in
preparation for the revolution.

TANDANG SELO
Father of Kabesang Tales and grandfather of Tano and Juli. A deer hunter and
later on a broom-maker, he and Tales took in the young, sick Basilio who was
then fleeing from the Guardia Civil. On Christmas Day, when Juli left to be with
her mistress, Selo suffered some form of stroke that impaired his ability to
speak.

FATHER FERNANDEZ
A Dominican who was a friend of Isagani. Following the incident with the
posters, he invited Isagani to a dialogue, not so much as a teacher with his
student but as a friar with a Filipino.

ATTORNEY PASTA
One of the great lawyers of mid- Hispanic Manila.

Captain General
(no specific name)
The powerful highest official in the Philippines.

PADRE SIBYLA
Hernando de la Sibyla, a Filipino friar and now vice-rector of the University of
Santo Tomas.

CHAPTER 7 TRIP BACK HOME

RIZAL BACK IN HONG KONG

November 20, 1891 - Rizal arrived in Hongkong

Medical Practices in Hongkong

Dr. Lorenzo P. Marquez - portuguese physician (Second operation to his
Mother's eye)

Rizal friends and admirer

Mr. Edward Bousted - wrote to him, praising his medical profession
Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin - from Paris, sent him a congratulatory letter.
Don Antonio Vergel de Dios - offered him his services for the purchas of
medical books & instruments which he might need in profession

LIFE IN DAPITAN
June 26, 1892- He arrived in Manila

July 3, 1892- He founded La Liga Filipina

July 7, 1892
- Rizal was arrested on 4 grounds
- Rizal Was treated as how an illustrado is to be treated: with respect and
dignity.

July 17, 1892- Rizal arrived in Dapitan

- He met Captain Ricardo Carnicero, Rizal as Physician

In 1878 he enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas to study medicine. He

then traveled to Spain and finished his studies at the Universidad Central de
Madrid in 1884.
While in Europe he specialized in ophthalmology, studying in Paris and
Heidelberg.

Rizal as an Engineer
Rizal was a licensed land surveyor before he took up medicine. This training
enabled him to engage in civil engineering works..

Rizal as a Teacher
In Dapitan he used his time wisely by teaching. He taught them English and
Spanish. As well as reading, writing, industrial work,moral, nature study, etc.
he didn't ask for money in exchange for it.
"Hymn to talisay"
“Hymn to Talisay” was written by Rizal for his pupils in Dapitan to sing
whenever they rendezvous under the talisay tree.

Jose Rizal as a Scientist/his contribution to science

Physical Anthropology
Rizal conducted extensive research on the physical anthropology of the
Philippines and Southeast Asia, publishing his findings in his books "The
Indolence of the Filipinos" and "The Philippines a Century Hence".
Ophthalmology

Rizal was a skilled eye surgeon who performed numerous successful cataract
surgeries during his time in Hong Kong. He also invented a device called the
"opthalmoscope" to help diagnose eye diseases.

Botany - Rizal had a deep interest in botany and made several contributions to
the field, including discovering a new species of moss in Mt. Makiling, Laguna.

Zoology -Rizal was interested in the study of animals, particularly in their

habitat and behavior. He recorded observations of different species of animals
during his travels, including insects, reptiles, and mammals.

Geology - Rizal was fascinated by the geological formations in the Philippines,

particularly the Taal volcano, which he studied extensively.

Geologic studies - Rizal studied the Taal volcano and other geological
formations in the Philippines. His observations were an important
contribution to the field of geology.

Jose Rizal as a Farmer in Dapitan

Rizal used his scientific knowledge to improve the agricultural productivity of
Dapitan by introducing new crops and techniques, particularly abaca, which
was successful in developing the industry.
Rizal's farm served as a laboratory for his scientific experiments, including
hybridization, fertilizers, and irrigation.

Jose Rizal as an Inventor

Rizal's inventions and artistic endeavors demonstrate his creativity and
innovative spirit, inspiring Filipinos to pursue their passions and use their skills
for the betterment of society.

Jose Rizal as an Businessman

Rizal's cooperative in Dapitan was successful and helped many people
improve their livelihoods, based on principles of self-reliance,
entrepreneurship, and cooperative action.

Jose Rizal, as one of the world's great linguists

Tagalog Spanish
Ilokano Latin
Greek Catalan
English Dutch
French Italian
German Chinese
Arabic Japanese
Portuguese
Hebrew Swedish
Sanskrit Russian

Other Projects of Rizal in Dapitan

•Rizal devoted much effort in dapitan He tilled the soil and planted rice, corn,
abaca and many fruit trees

•He practiced his profession as physician and eye sorgeon.

•constructed residential and little hospital houses.

•He also assisted to the beautification of the public square. and provided
lights on the streets at night.

Jose Rizal and Josephine Bracken in Dapitan

In the last days of February 1895, while still in Dapitan, Rizal met an 18-year
old petite Irish girl. She was Josephine Bracken, the adopted daughter of
George Taufer from Hong Kong, who came to Dapitan to seek Rizal for eye
treatment.

Marie Josephine Leopoldine Bracken (October 3, 1876 – March 15, 1902) was
the common-law wife of Philippine nationalist José Rizal during his exile in
Dapitan in the province of Zamboanga del Norte in the southern Philippines.
In the early morning hours of December 30, 1896, the day of his execution by
firing squad, the couple were married in Fort Santiago, the place of his
incarceration, following his reconciliation with the Catholic Church.

Rizal and Katipunan

Jose Rizal never became involved in the organization and activities of the
Katipunan; but the Katipuneros still looked up to him as a leader. In fact,
Rizal's name was used as a password among the society's highest-ranking
members, who were called bayani.

CHAPTER 8 Rizal’s Life: Exile, Trial & Death

 • In Dapitan, Rizal continued his medicine, research, and various talents,
including sculpture, painting, sketching, and poetry writing.
• Rizal helped the people of Dapitan with their livelihood, he did farming
and business, and even invented wooden equipment for making bricks.
• Rizal won a lottery ticket in September 21, 1892 and used part of his
share to buy a land in Talisay, where he built a house, clinic, and school.
• Rizal became known as one of the best ophthalmologists and
performed an operation on his mother's eyes.
• George Tauffer, who had an eye ailment, traveled from Hong Kong to
Dapitan with his adopted daughter, Josephine Bracken.
• Rizal developed an attraction with Josephine, and they became
husband and wife, even against Father Obach and both their relatives'
wishes.
• Rizal's fate was witnessed only by Dapitan, where he spent his exile
until his trial and execution on December 30, 1896.

RIZAL'S REMAINING DAYS AND THE LAST FAREWELL

• When Rizal heard the court decision, he knew there will be no chance
of changing his fate .
• Late afternoon, his mother and sisters visited him on the same day. He
gave the gas lamp to Trinidad, his sister, and whispered, "There is
something inside "
• The cocinilla was a gift of the mother of Dr. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. It
was brought to fourth Santiago at Rizal's request for him to warm his
food.
• Inside the lamp is the writings were an undated, untitled, and unsigned
poem of 14 five line stanzas in elegant spanish which we know now as
"Mi Ultimo Adios" or "My Last Farewell"
• Rizal had his last supper in the evening of December 29, 1896.
• 3 in the morning on the day of his execution, he prayed & confessed his
sins in the chapel.
• At exactly 5:30 in the morning he had his last breakfast of 3 hard boiled
eggs.

"The Execution of Rizal"

- December 30, 1896 Rizal walk to Bagumbayan
- Rizal refused to kneel and declined the traditional blindfold.
- "Consummatum est"
- Prior to his death Rizal remain calm.
- 'The captain gave Rizal one last shot or the " tira de gracia" to make sure that
he is already dead.
- on 7:03 in the morning of December 30 the execution was over.