RPH
SA AKING MGA KABATA
- This poem was purportedly
written by Jose Rizal when he
was eight years old
- The most prominent work of Rizal
- ANG HINDI MAGMAHAL SA
SARILING WIKA AY HIGIT PA
SA HAYOP AT MALANSANG
ISDA
- Published in 1906
Hermenegildo Cruz received the poem
from Gabriel Beato Francisco, who
claimed to have received it in 1884 from
Rizal's Close friend, Saturnino Raselis.
- The poem is written in Tagalog
and refers to the word kalayaan.
- RIZAL FIRST encountered the
word through Marcelo H. Del
Pilar translation of Rizal’s essay
El Amor Patrio where it spelled
as kalayahan
Jose Rizal
- His native tongue was Tagalog
- He was educated in Spanish
- Mother Teodora Alfonso
multi perspectivity
- This can be defined as a way of
looking at historical events,
personalities, developments,
cultures, and societies from
different perspectives.
- This means that there is a
multitude of ways by which we
can view the world, and each
could be equally valid, and at the
same time, equally partial as well.
Adona Paulo
Historical writing
- Is, by definition, biased, partial,
and contains preconceptions
WHERE DID THE FIRST
CATHOLIC MASS TAKE PLACE IN
THE PHILIPPINES
- Butuan has long been believed
as the site of the first Mass.
- celebration of Mass on 8 April
1521.
two primary sources that historians refer
to in identifying the site of the first Mass
- One is the log kept by Francisco
Albo.
- 18 survivors who returned with
Sebastian Elcano on the ship
Victoria after they
circumnavigated the world.
CAVITE MUTINY
- A major factor in the awakening
of nationalism among the Filipino
- Uprising of military personnel of
Fort San Felipe (the Spanish
arsenal in Cavite Philippines) on
January 18, 1872
- Around 200 soldiers and
laborers rose up in the belief that
it would elevate to a national
uprising. The mutiny was
unsuccessful, and government
soldiers executed many of the
participants
 MUTINY
- A rebellion against authority
- Comes from an old verb “mutine”
which means revolt
THE MARTYRDOM OF THE THREE
PRIESTS
 GOMBURZA
- The collective name of the three
martyred priests
- Tagged as the mastermind of the
Cavite mutiny
- They were prominent Filipino
priests charged with treason and
sedition.
TREASON
- the offense of attempting to
overthrow the government of
one's country or of assisting its
enemies in war specifically: the
act of levying war against the
State or adhering to or giving aid
and comfort to its enemies by
one who owes it allegiance.
SEDITION
- Sedition usually involves actually
conspiring to disrupt the legal
operation of the government and
is beyond expression of an
opinion or protesting government
policy. Sedition is distinguished
from treason, which requires an
actual betrayal of the
government, or "espionage.
FATHER MARIANO GOMEZ
- An old man in his mid-70s
Chinese- Filipino, born in Cavite
Adona Paulo
- Held the most senior position of
the three archbishops Vicar in
Cavite
- Truly nationalistic and accepted
the death penalty calmly
FATHER JOSE BURGOS
- Spanish descent born in the
Philippines
- Parish priests of the Manila
Cathedral
- Close to the liberal governor
General De La Torre
- He was 35 years old
- Active and outspoken in
advocating the Filipinization of
the clergy
JACINTO ZAMORA
- 37 years old
- Spanish born in the Philippines
- Parish priest of Marikina
- Unfriendly
- Would not countenance any
arrogance
JOSE MONTERO Y VIDAL
- Spanish Historian
- His account centered on how the
event was an attempt in
overthrowing the Spanish
government in the Philippines
- His account criticized as woefully
biased.
GOVERNOR RAFAEL IZQUIERDO
- Implicated the native clergy
- He highlighted the attempt to
overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines to
install a new HARI in the persons
of father Burgos and Zamora
 DR. TRINIDAD HERMENEGILDO
PARDO DE TAVERA
SPANISH ACCOUNTS
- Filipino scholar and researcher
- 200 men was led by Sergeant
- Wrote a Filipino version of the
Lamdrid
bloody incident in Cavite.
IN SPANIARD’S ACCOUNTS
THE CENTRAL SPANISH
- 1872 was premeditated, a part of GOVERNMENT
a big conspiracy among educated
- Was planning to deprive the friars
leaders, mestizos lawyers and
of all the powers of intervention in
resident of manila and Cavite
matters of civil government and
- They allegedly plan to liquidate
direction and management of
high ranking Spanish officers
educational institutions.
then kill friars.
EDMUND PLAUCHUT
THE ACCOUNT DETAIL THAT ON
- French writer
JANUARY 20, 1872
- Complemented tavera’s account
- The distinct of the sampaloc and analyzed the motivation of
celebrated the feast of the virgin the 1872 Cavite mutiny
loreto came with it were some
RIZAL DEDICATED HIS SECOND
fireworks display
NOVEL, EL FILIBUSTERISMO, TO
- The Cavitenos mistook this as
THEIR MEMORY:
the signal to commence with the
attack I DEDICATED MY WORK TO YOU
AS VICTIMS OF THE EVIL WHICH I
IN RESULT LEADERS OF THE
UNDERTAKE TO COMBAT
PLOT WERE KILLED
The 'Cry of Pugad Lawin'' was
FATHER GOMEZ, BURGOS,
a cry for freedom.
ZAMORA WERE TRIED BY A
COURT MARTIAL AND - Its historic significance to us
SENTENCED TO BE EXECUTED consists of the realization that the
Filipino people had finally
- FEBRUARY 17 1872 THE
realized the lasting value of
GOMBURZA WERE EXECUTED
freedom and independence and
BY GAROTTE IN PUBLIC TO
the need to fight in order to prove
SERVE AS A THREAT TO
themselves worthy to be called a
FILIPINOS NEVER TO
truly free people
ATTEMPT TO FIGHT THE
called Pugad Lawin (Hawk's
SPANIARDS AGAIN
Nest)
- WITNESSED BY YOUNG JOSE
CEDULA
RIZAL
- signifying their protest against
Spanish colonial rule

Adona Paulo