GROUP 4 – CHAPTER II – LESSON 4 – THE POLITICAL CARICATURES

a. What is the cartoonist’s viewpoint on caricature2? Explain?

The cartoonist’s point of view on caricature 2 which is the A new Wrinkle

in the Art of Thieving was to show the people that homesteaders or farmers
are working really hard but not for their own good. They’re cleaning,
cultivating, and improving the land but for the higher ups who also doesn’t
own the land but claiming it without legal rights, which are known as
Capitalists who are claiming lands because it doesn’t have an owner or a title
and also because in American era they can do whatever they want.

b. Do you agree or disagree with the cartoon? Why?

I agree with the cartoon because it shows the truth that higher ups are
abusive of their power that they just trample on ordinary people. That
because there are no legal papers of the land they just did whatever they
want to the land and to the Filipino people.

c. How were you able to interpret this cartoon?

For me, this caricature is an eye opener because it shows how higher
ups disrespect us, Filipinos. It shows that they are abusing their power
even though they also have no right to the land. Farmers are really striving
to work hard but they don’t receive the right treatment they deserve.

GROUP 5 – CHAPTER II – LESSON 5 – THE SPEECH OF CORAZON C. AQUINO

a. What can you say about this line in the speech of Corazon Aquino: “… and
so began the revolution that has brought me to democracy’s most famous
home, the Congress of the United States”? Which concept in this line is
important to you? Why?

What came to me when I listened to the speech of former President

Corazon Aquino was that she considers the United States as the one who
started democracy which she expresses her genuine admiration and respect.
“So began the revolution that has brought me to democracy” this line is
the most meaningful to me because it gives hope to Filipinos and at that time
revolution and democracy are the solutions because of the dictatorship that
has happened.

b. What did Corazon Aquino mention in her speech pertaining to the

aspiration of the Filipino people? What are the specific lines for this? What
do you feel about these lines?

“People who had known so much poverty and massive unemployment

for the past 14 years and yet offered their lives for the abstraction of
democracy. Wherever I went in the campaign, slum area or impoverished
village, they came to me with one cry: democracy! Not food, although they
clearly needed it, but democracy. Not work, although they surely wanted it,
but democracy.” this line pertains to the aspirations of Filipino people.
This line made me realize that I really am fortunate that I never
experienced what the Filipino people experienced and at the same time it
made me feel sympathy for the Filipinos who had suffered during the
dictatorship regime that they are willing to give anything, even if it means
losing everything, in order to achieve democracy.

c. In the video, how many times the former President Corazon Aquino have
been applauded by the members of the US Congress? Mention the lines she
said for which she received an overwhelming applause.
Former President Corazon Aquino’s speech has been applauded 12
times. And here are the lines that have been applauded by the members of
the US Congress.
1. “Today, I have returned as the president of a free people.”
2. “And so began the revolution that has brought me to democracy’s most
famous home, the Congress of the United States.”
3. “As I came to power peacefully, so shall I keep it. That is my contract
with my people and my commitment to God.”
4. “By the time he fled, that insurgency had grown to more that 16,000. I
think there is a lesson here to be learned about trying to stifle a thing
with the means by which it grows.”
5. “As president, I will not betray the cause of peace by which I came to
power.”
6. “I will not stand by and allow an insurgent leadership to spurn our offer
of peace and kill our young soldiers, and threaten our new freedom.”
 7. “Yet I must explore the path of peace to the utmost for ethics and what
every disappointment I meet there is the moral basis for laying down
the olive branch of peace and taking up the sword of war.”
8. “With malice towards none, with charity for all, with firmness in the
rights as God gives us to see the rights, let us finish the work we are in,
to bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne
the battle, and for his widow and for his orphans, to do all which may
achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with
all nations.”

9. “Yet, I will do whatever it takes to defend the integrity and freedom of

my country.”

10. “And no assistance or liberality commensurate with the calamity that

was visited on us has been extended. Yet ours must have been the
cheapest revolution ever.”

11. “You have spent many lives and much treasure to bring freedom to
many lands that were reluctant to receive it. And here you have a
people who won it by themselves and need only the help to preserve it.”

12. “Today, I say, join us, America, as we build a new home for democracy,
another haven for the oppressed, so it may stand as a shining testament
of our two nation’s commitment to freedom.”
13.Yet, I must explore the path of peace to the utmost for at its end,
whatever
14.disappointment I meet there, is the moral basis for laying down the
olive
15.branch of peace and taking up the sword of war
16.

GROUP 6 – CHAPTER III – ONE PAST BUT MANY HISTORIES: CONTROVERSIES

AND
CONFLICTING VIEWS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

LESSON 1 – SITE OF THE FIRST MASS

a. How do you understand the text? What is it all about?

The text of the Site of the first mass is all about the locationS of the first
mass that occurred in the Philippines, there are two arguments in this text,
 they say the first mass happened in Limasawa and the other said that it
happened in Mazaua, both claim to be the venue of this historical religious
rite.

b. What is your stand about the site of the First Mass?

In my opinion, I stand with Antonio Pigafetta’s journal that according to

him it happened in Limasawa because he was in the expedition and he was
there to witness the first mass in the Philippines.

c. Cite evidence which would suggest that the First Mass happened in Masau
(Butuan) and Limasawa (Southern Leyte).

The evidence that the First Mass happened in Limasawa is Antonio

Pigafetta’s journal or account in Magellan’s expedition in 1521, this is the
most reliable source and evidence because Pigafetta himself was there in
the expedition and Albo’s account.

Although the Limasawa tradition came after Butuan, evidences show

that the first mass in the Philippines was held on March 31, 1521 on
Limasawa Island in Visayas. It was also established that on the same date,
Magellan and his troops planted a cross at the same location (Cebu).

d. How credible is this account in explaining the site of the First mass?
e. How does the evidence presented in the text help you understand the
controversy on the First Catholic Mass in the Philippines?

GROUP 7 – CHAPTER III – LESSON 2 – CAVITE MUTINY

a. How do you understand the word “Mutiny”?

 I understand mutiny as an act of rebellion or resistance to the lawful

authority.

b. How does Governor Gen. Isquierdo describe Cavite Mutiny compared from
the version of Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera?
  Governor Gen. Rafael Izquierd describe Cavite Mutiny as an
insurrection, uprising, and revolution he blamed the native clergy
while Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera describes Cavite Mutiny as sa
mere mutiny by Filipino troops and laborers of the Cavite arsenal
who were dissatisfied with the loss of their privileges.

c. What does the account of Jose Montero y Vidal tell us? To which version
does this account related to? Explain.

 Jose Montero y Vidal’s version of Cavite Mutiny tells us that Cavite

Mutiny was an attempt by natives to oust the Spanish government in
the Philippines. The account of Jose Montero y Vidal is related to the
version of Governor Gen. Rafael Izquierd because they are both
Spaniards and they stated that the mutiny was led by a group of
native clergy. And that mutiny is an attempt to overthrow the
Spanish Government.

d. Among the three versions f Cavite Mutiny, which one is most credible?
Why?

 For me, the most credible version of Cavite Mutiny among the three
is the account or version of Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera because
he is a Filipino, he is a writer and a historical researcher or a
historian. He refuted Montero and Izquierdo's accusations and
allegations about the major reason of the revolution.

e. Compare the three versions according to their definition of mutiny, its

causes and effects.

 The version of Jose Montero y Vidal and Governor Gen. Isquierdo

was they assumed that mutiny is to revolt to overthrow the Spanish
government to gain independence while the version of Dr. Trinidad
H. Pardo de Tavera mutiny was because of the harsh policy of the
government for abolishing their privilege regarding the exemption
from paying the annual tribute the effect of this is that the Spanish
government ordered to arrest those who were involved in the
mutiny and he approved of the death sentence.

GROUP 8 – CHAPTER III – LESSON 3 – CRY OF BALINTAWAK OR PUGAD LAWIN

a. What does the issue on the First Cry depict about the Filipinos?

 The issue on the first cry was the tearing of community tax
certificate or the cedula it is marked as the beginning of the
Philippine revolution, and to gain independence from Spaniards.

b. How does the account of Santiago Alvarez differ from all other versions?

 The account of Santiago Alvarez is different from all other versions

of the First Cry because he witnessed it himself and he is also a
participants or member of the Katipunan himself. In his account he
writes the successes as well as the failures and bravery as well as
brutality.
c. Which account do you believe? Why?

For me the account of Gen. Guillermo Masangkay, which is The cry of

balintawak. I believe in this account because of the evidences and events
that he provided.

d. How reliable is the version of Guillermo Masangkay regarding this issue?

e. What makes Pio Valenzuela’s Cry of Pugad Lawin a controversy?