Pagadian Capitol Colleges, Inc.

Tuburan, Pagadian City

SS13 (Readings in Philippine History)

Name: Wilfredo L. Dayagdag III________________________________ Date:

03/10/2022________
Activity 2. Secondary Source Analysis
Instruction: Answer the following question after reading the document. As you read your
document, remember that secondary sources do not just present facts – they provide an interpretation
of events. Look for the ways that the author presents his or her interpretation.

What is the title of the document?

The History of the Philippine Revolution.

Who is the author?

Unknown

Who is the author’s intended audience?

Everyone who is interested in the history of the Philippine Revolution.

What topic is the author addressing in this work?

The topic is the fight for Philippine independence from the Spaniards who conquered our country.

What is the author’s argument (or thesis) about this topic? Provide evidence from the

text.

The author is writing about the history of the Philippines. It is a war of independence and conflicts,
which annoys the Americans. The Bonifacio Revolt, led by Bonifacio and later by Aguinaldo. In
addition, the author describes the struggles of Filipinos who fought for freedom. The author was in
charge of the formation of patriotic Philippine organizations (KKK, La Liga Filipina)

What evidence is provided to support this argument? List specific examples.

The contents are divided into three sections: "The Katipunan; The Secret Organization that Initiated the
Revolution; A Series of Bloody Revolts," "Internal Struggles, Conflict, and a Surprising Turn of Events,"
and "The Arrival of The Americans and the Declaration of Independence."

Are there any contradictions in the argument? If so, provide examples.

There are no Contradictions in the Argument but the Filipinos interested in the overthrow of Spanish
rule founded an organization following Masonic rites and principles to organize armed resistance and
terrorist assassinations within a context of total secrecy. It operated as an alternative Filipino
government complete with a president and cabinet.

Do you trust this source? What are some of the ways you can tell if a source is reliable?

I trust this source but not completely, and one of the ways I know it is reliable is that the document is
very thorough and does not include any type of paragraph that speaks lies, and it also has actual books
on it.

What do you think motivated the author to create this source?

The Author motivated to create this source because I think he/she wants to express what he/she learned
or He/She wants to spread the facts he/she knows about the Philippine History.

What is your overall impression of the interpretation? Is it convincing?

My Overall impression of the Interpretation is so Good, the way that i Easily understand the Facts and I
can draw a picture out of my mind .

List some facts presented by the author:

The KKK’s act of tearing Cedula’s.

The Revolt of Bonifacio and Aguinaldo.

The Spanish-American War.

Their Acts of attacking Spanish Out Post

The Arrest of Jose Rizal

The Birth Of the 2 Revolution factions.

The Agreement of the Filipino’s and The Americans.

The Treaty of Paris.

Aguinaldo’s position as a President

List some opinions presented by the author:

The Philippine Revolution was a watershed moment in the country's history. Instilling a sense of
national pride in future generations of Filipinos.

What questions does this interpretation raise?

 None

Where could you find answers to these questions?

If There are questions , I think the answers are provided here in this document.

Valdeavilla, Ronica. “The History of the Philippine Revolution.” Theculturetrip.com. Retrieved from
https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-history-of-the-philippine-revolution/ on
November 15, 2018.
The History of the Philippine Revolution

The Philippine Revolution is one of the most important events in the country’s history,
awakening a proud sense of nationalism for generations of Filipinos to come. In a period of heavy
struggle and conflict, Filipinos of different backgrounds united with a common goal: to resist
colonialism.

The revolution against Spain was sparked in 1896 after Spanish authorities discovered the
“Katipunan,” a Filipino revolutionary society plotting against their colonisers. It ended in 1902,
where Spain lost and ceded sovereignty of the Philippines to the United States.

The Katipunan: the secret organization that initiated the revolt

Andres Bonifacio was the Supreme of the Katipunan (association), or as it was also known:
Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Highest and Most Venerated
Association of the Sons and Daughters of the Land). The organization drew inspiration from Dr. Jose
Rizal, whose literary works, particularly Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, exposed the cruelties of
the Spanish colonisers. Before Katipunan was established, both Bonifacio and Rizal were part of ‘La
Liga Filipina’ – a progressive organization initiated by Rizal that sought peaceful reforms.

After Rizal’s arrest and deportation to Dapitan, La Liga Filipina dissolved. This was later
replaced by a call for aggressive reforms, put forward and favored by Bonifacio. Upon hearing of
Rizal’s arrest, Bonifacio and his fellows founded the Katipunan. The anti-colonial secret organization
eventually attracted people from lower and middle classes across the country, enjoining them in an
armed revolt against Spain.
Rizal, the country’s national hero, refused to participate. He believed timing wasn’t on their
side and the nation was still unprepared. In spite of his friend’s reservations, Bonifacio and his fellow
Katipuneros continued with their plan. Yet on August 1896, a Spanish friar found them out.

A series of bloody revolts

After the discovery of the Katipunan, Spanish authorities made several arrests to identify their
members. Bonifacio and his fellows were planning a nationwide revolt. This led to an event called the
‘Cry of Pugad Lawin’, where revolutionaries took part in a mass tearing of cedulas (community tax
certificates), symbolizing their fight against Spain.
Bonifacio simultaneously planned an attack on Manila. However they were caught off guard,
as though the revolutionaries were greater in number, the Spanish authorities were more armed.
According to historical accounts, Bonifacio continued with his plan despite the failure in his first
attempt. The revolt flared up in the surrounding provinces, including Central Luzon, San Juan del
Monte and Southern Tagalog (which is why this is also known as the Tagalog War).

After several unsuccessful revolts, rebels in Cavite finally had a taste of victory. Under Emilio
Aguinaldo (mayor of Cavite El Viejo) and Mariano Alvarez (Bonifacio’s uncle), the Philippine
Revolution was in full swing.
The revolution dragged down the name of Rizal. He was accused of being associated with the
secret militant society. Charged with sedition, conspiracy and rebellion, Rizal was sentenced to death
by firing squad.

Internal struggles, conflicts, and a surprising turn of events

Alongside the Spanish authorities, Katipuneros were soon fighting amongst themselves.
Rivalries emerged between commanders and territories, creating big rifts in the association. The
Katipunan divided into two councils, namely the Magdiwang and Magdalo – that is, those who
favoured Aguinaldo and those who favoured Bonifacio.

To settle the leadership dispute, the Tejeros Convention was established. This assembly of
officials was intended to unite the two factions and elect officers for the revolutionary government.
After a makeshift election, Bonifacio lost to Aguinaldo and leadership was turned over to him.
Bonifacio was given the role of Director of the Interior, but his qualifications were questioned.
Under this further scrutiny he left the assembly – Aguinaldo took oath as President the following
day.

A rival government
Bonifacio soon set out to Naic, Cavite, where he established a rival government against
Aguinaldo. Newly recognised as the leader of the revolution, he issued a coup d’etat against
Aguinaldo’s government. Upon learning this, Aguinaldo ordered the official arrest of Bonifacio.

Bonifacio was captured and found guilty of sedition and treason by the War Council. They
were soon executed near Maragondon. Aguinaldo and his fellows soon established the Republic of
Biak-na-Bato and drafted the first constitution. They came up with a pact that called for an end to the
revolution, which was positively favored by the Spanish Governor-General. The pact’s agenda
included: the surrender of weapons to revolutionaries, amnesty, exile for leaders, and payment to the
revolutionaries worth $400,000 USD.

While the Spanish kept their word, other revolutionary generals took arms – the Philippines
was still not independent.

The arrival of the Americans and the Declaration of Independence

April 1898 marked the second phase of the Philippine Revolution. After a US Navy warship
exploded and sunk in Havana harbor, the Americans declared a war against Spain known as the
Spanish-American War.
The US Navy’s Asiatic Squadron, led by Commodore George Dewey, sailed to Manila and defeated
the Spanish Navy. In just a few hours all Spanish ships were destroyed and the US gained control of
the Philippine capital.

Meanwhile, Aguinaldo became friendly with the United States. He met with a US consul who
advised him to cooperate with the Americans. And so, from his exile in Hong Kong, Bonifacio
eventually returned to the Philippines and resumed the attacks against the Spanish authorities.

And on June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo declared the country’s independence and the birth of the
Philippine Republic. From his balcony in his house in Kawit, Cavite, the Philippine flag was unfurled.
The Philippines’ National Anthem, “Lupang Hinirang” was first heard by the Filipino people.
It was December of that year when the Spanish government ceded the Philippines to the United
States through the Treaty of Paris.

While it ended the Spanish-American War, the Americans took possession of the Philippines.
Independence had not really been achieved.