CHAPTER 1
CAVITE MUTINY “Ang
pag-aalsa sa Cavite”
1872
The 12th of June of every year since
1898 is a very important event for all
the Filipino. In this particular day, the
entire Filipino nation as well as
Filipino communities all over the
world gathers to celebrate the
Philippines’ Independence Day.
1898 came to be a very significant
year for all of us.
But we should remind that another
year is a historic as
1898 -1872
There will be no 1896 Philippines
Revolution if there was no 1872
Cavite Mutiny.
GOMBURZA
➢They were prominent Filipino
priests charged with treason and
sedition.
➢The Spanish clergy connected
the priests to the mutiny as part of a
conspiracy to stifle the movement of
secular priests who desired to have
their own parishes instead of being
assistants to the regular friars.
Garrote- Killing someone by
strangulation typically with an iron
wire or cord.
FEBRUARY 17, 1872
THE GOMBUZA WERE
EXECUTED BY GARROTE IN
PUBLIC TO SERVE AS A
THREAT TO FILIPINOS
NEVER TO ATTEMOT TO
FIGHT THE SPANIARDS AGAIN.
THIS IS A SCNEN PURPOTEDLY
WITNEDDES BY A YOUNG JOSE
RIZAL
SPANISH VERSION
CAVITE MUTINY OF 1872
Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific
Spanish historian documented the
event and highlighted it as an attempt
of the Indio’s to overthrow the
Spanish government in the
Philippines.
Meanwhile, Gov. Gen Rafael
Izquierdo’s official report to the King
of Spain magnified the event and
made use of it to Implicate the native
clergy, which was the active in the
call for secularization.
SECULARIZATION: magkaroon
ng magandang katungkulan sa
Pilipinas na hindi nagustuhan ng mga
prayleng Espanyol.
1872
WAS PREMEDITATED, A PART
OF A BIG CONPIRACY AMONG
EDUCATED LEADER,
MESTIZOS, LAWYERS AND
RESIDENTS OF MANILA AND
CAVITE.
THEY ALLEGEDLY PLAN TO
LIQUIDATE HIGH-RANKING
SPANISH OFFICER THEN KILL
FRIARS.
JANUARY 20,1872
THE DITRICT OF SAMPALOC
CELEBRATED THE FEAST OF
THE VIRGEN LORETO, CAME
WITH IT WERE SOME
FIREWORKS DISPLAYS.
CAVITE MUTINY “Ang pag-
aalsa sa Cavite”
THE CAVITENOS MISTOOK
THIS AS THE SIGNAL TO
COMMENCE WITH THE
ATTACK.

SPANISH ACCOUNTS
➢200 men was led by Sergeant
Lamadrid attacked Spanish officers
at sight and seized the arsenal. JOSE BASA
➢Izquierdo, upon learning the
attack, ordered reinforcement of the
Spanish Forces in Cavite to quell the
revolt.
➢The revolution was easily
crushed, when Manileneos who were
expected to aid the Caviteneos did not
arrive.

PIO BASA

JOAQUIN PARDO

AND OTHER FILIPINO

LAWYERS WERE SUSPENDED FROM
THE PRACTICE OF LAW, ARRESTES,
AND ENTENCED TO LIFE
IMPRISONMENT AT THE MARIANAS
ISLAND.

ANTONIO MA. REGIDOR

2 VERSIONS OF CAVITE MUTINY

 FILIPINO VERSION- It’s a simple
mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers
and laborers of the Cavite arsenal who
turned out to be dissatisfied with the
abolition of their privileges.
SPANISH VERSION- An attempt of
the Indios to overthrow the Spanish
government in the Philippines.
FATHERS GOMEZ, BURGOS &
ZAMORA WERE TRIED BY A
COURT- MARTIAL AND
SENTENCES TO BE EXECUTED.
CHAPTER 1
PHILLIPPENES IN THE 19th
CENTURY
 During the time of Rizal, the shadow
of Spain darken the Philippine Skies.
 Filipino’s agonized beneath the yoked
of Spanish misrule.
 They were unfortunate victims of
unjust and evil. Bigoted and deteriorating
colonial power.
 During that time, our forefathers are
being influence or affected in four
aspects
ECONOMIC CONTEXT
During the 19th century, the Philippines
economic condition gave rise to
haciendas or the “cash-crop economy”
Where large parts of lands would be
used for crops considered as cash-
crop. Some cash-crops are: Sugar,
Tobacco, Abaka and Coffee
Being open to world trade and having
these products abundant in the
Philippines, the Philippine became a
major exporter for their products and
became well-known in other parts of
the world. By these events, there was
a shift from barter system to moneyed
 Emphasis on Religion
economy.
 Absence of Academic Freedom
Negative Impacts:
Spaniards are highly focused on land
ownership and Taxes. During that
time, there are presence of force labor,
and there are limited agricultural and
commercial development. It’s really
sad, knowing that the source of living
of our forefathers are in agriculture.
EDUCATION SYSTEM
During the time of Rizal , or during
the late 18th to the early 19th century,
the friars controlled the educational
system in the Philippines and they
were able to own different school
comprising from the primary level to
the tertiary levels education. The
people who took charge in teaching,
implementation of the rule and
regulations and the monitoring of
students were assigned to the
missionaries during that time.
Discrimination during the early times
was very much utilized. This is
because the school before were
exclusive only for the Spaniards.
Filipino were only able to attend
school in the late 19th century. Some
schools also limited their lodging, to
sons of wealthy Filipino families.
Defects of Educational System
during Spanish Time.
 Racial Discrimination belittled, treated as low
people in the society.
 Limited Curriculum

POLITICAL SYSTEM RELIGION

During the Spanish regime, there
Spanish colonizers succeeded
was union of church and state.
in introducing Christianity in
 The governor-general had some parts of Philippines.
the power over the
church. Christian represents over
 The friars, on the other 85% of religious beliefs. They
were highly successful in the
hand, played a very
region of modern day Luzon
important role in the
and Visayas but were
government. unsuccessful Mindanao, south
Government System of region, where Muslims staved
th off the Spaniard efforts.
Philippines in 19
Century
It was a forced the induction
1. Central Government of Christianity, leading to
thousands of deaths and
2. Local Government tortures of the residents.

Central Government Spaniards also use religion or

Christianity, to collect more
The king entrusted the colony to the taxes and tithes from
Governor-general, who had the Christians.
highest in the position in the
government. Spanish Colonizers
2. Local Government (province,
introduces their:
cities , town and barrios) 1. Economic System
2. Education System
The provinces were divided into
two:
3. Political System
4. Religion
1. Alcaldia which recognized
Spain’s possession over the
land.

2. Corregimiento where the

people had not succumbed to its
ruling power.
 That’s why, we must give
Our fellow forefathers lost importance sa ating kalayaan.
their rights, they were
  Wag nating payagan na
maliitin at apihin ng ibang
dayuhan.
 As Filipino, we must soar
high! Maniwala tayo sa ating
kakayahan at talino.
 Bigyan natin ng halaga ang
ating kalayan. Dahil ito ang
pamana ng ating pilipinong
bayani.
CHAPTER 2
BIRTH and GENEALOGY
DR. JOSE PROTACIO
MERCADO RIZAL ALONZO
Y REALONDA
MEANINGS OF NAME
 Doctor- completed
his medical course in Spain and
was conferred the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine by the
Universidad Central de Madrid.
 Jose- was chosen by his mother
who was a devotee of the
Christian saint San Jose (St.
Joseph)
 Protacio- from
Gervacio P. which come from a
Christian calendar
 Mercado- adopted in 1731 by
Domigo Lamco (the paternal
great-great-grandfather of Jose
Rizal) which the Spanish term
mercado means ‘market’ in
English
 Rizal- from the word
‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field
where wheat, cut while still
green, sprouts again
 Alonzo- old surname of his
mother
 Y- and
 Realonda- it was used by
Doña Teodora from the
surname of her godmother
based on the culture by that
time.
 June 19, 1861- moonlit of
Wednesday between eleven
and midnight Jose Rizal was
born in the lakeshore town of
Calamba, Laguna
 June 22, 1861- aged three
days old, Rizal was baptized
in the Catholic church.
 Father Rufino Collantes-
a Batangueño, the parish
priest who baptized Rizal.
 Father Pedro Casanas-
Rizal’s godfather, native of
Calamba and close friend of
the Rizal family.
 Lieutenant-General Jose
Lemery- the governor general
of the Philippines when Rizal
was born.
 He was the seventh child in a
family of 11 children (2 boys
and 9 girls). Both his parents
were educated and belonged
to distinguished families.

SIBLINGS OF FRANCISCO
MERCARDO AND
TEODORO ALONSO.
RIZAL’S PARENTS
Doña Teodora Alonso
Realonda (1826- 1911)
*born in Manila on November
8, 1826
 educated at the
College of Santa Rosa,
 a well-known
college for girls in the city.
 -a remarkable
woman, possessing refined
culture, literary talent, business
ability, and the fortitude of
Spartan women -is a woman of
more than ordinary culture: she
knows literature and speaks
Spanish (according to Rizal)
 -died in Manila
on August 16, 1911 at the age of
85.
Don Francisco Mercado (1818-
1898)
 born in Biñan, Laguna on May
11, 1818
 became a tenant-farmer of the
Dominican-owned hacienda.
 died in Manila on January
5, 1898 at the age of 80.
 Rizal affectionately called
him “a model of fathers”
 SATURNINA RIZAL
(1850-1913) Eldest child of
the Rizal-Alonzo marriage.
Married Manuel Timoteo
Hidalgo of Tanauan,
Batangas.
 PACIANO RIZAL (1851-
1930) Only brother of Jose
Rizal and the second child.
Studied at San Jose College
in Manila; became a farmer
and later a general of the
Philippine Revolution
 NARCISA RIZAL (1852-
1939) The third child.
married Antonio Lopez at
Morong, Rizal; a teacher
and musician.
 OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-
1887) The fourth child.
Married Silvestre Ubaldo;
died in 1887 from
childbirth.
 LUCIA RIZAL (1857-
1919) The fifth child.
Married Matriano Herbosa.
 MARIA RIZAL (1859-
1945) The sixth child.
Married Daniel Faustino
Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.
 JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)
The second son and the
seventh child. He was
executed by the Spaniards
on December 30,1896.
 CONCEPCION RIZAL
(1862-1865) The eight
child. Died at the age of
three.
 JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-
1945) The ninth child. An
epileptic, died a spinster.
grandfather of Jose Rizal),
who was a full blooded
Chinese)
 Rizal’s family acquired a
second surname—Rizal—
which was given by a
Spanish alcalde mayor
(provincial governor) of
Laguna, who was a family
friend .

 TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-

1951) The tenth child. Died
a spinster and the last of the
family to die.

 SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-

1929) The youngest child
married Pantaleon
Quintero.

 Rizal always called her

sisters Doña or Señora (if
married) and Señorita (if
single) •

 Francisco Mercado and

Teodora Alonso Realonda
married on June 28, 1848,
after which they settled
down in Calamba.

 The real surname of the

Rizal family was Mercado,
which was adopted in 1731
by Domingo Lamco (the
paternal great-great
  Jose Rizal’s first teacher
THE RIZAL HOME
 was one of the
distinguished stone houses
in Calamba during the
Spanish times
 it was a two-storey
building, rectangular in
shape, built of adobe stones
and hard-woods and roofed
with red tiles -by day, it
hummed with the noises of
children at play and the
songs of the birds in the
garden; by night, it echoed
with the dulcet notes of
 When he was 11 years old, Rizal
family prayers.
 The Rizal family belonged
to the principalia, a town
aristocracy in Spanish
Philippines .
 The Rizal family had a
simple, contented and
happy life.
House of Rizal in
Calamba Laguna
JOSE RIZAL’S EDUCATION
was his mother, who had taught
him how to read and pray and who
had encouraged him to write
poetry. Later, private tutors taught
the young Rizal Spanish and Latin,
before he was sent to a private
school in Biñan.
Rizal first studied under Justiniano
Aquino Cruz in Biñan, Laguna
before he was sent to Manila. As to
his father's request, he took the
entrance examination in Colegio de
San Juan de Letran and studied
there for almost three months. The
Dominican friars asked him to
transfer to another school due to his
radical and bold questions.
entered the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila. He earned excellent marks in
subjects like philosophy, physics,
chemistry, and natural history. At
this school, he read novels; wrote
prize-winning poetry (and even a
melodrama—“Junto al Pasig”); and
practiced drawing, painting,and clay
modeling, all of which remained
lifelong interests for him.
 Rizal eventually earned a land
surveyor’s and assessor’s
degree from the Ateneo
Municipal while taking up
Philosophy and Letters at the
University of Santo Tomas.
Upon learning that his mother was
going blind, Rizal opted to study
ophthalmology at the UST Faculty
of Medicine and Surgery. He,
however, was not able to complete the
 course because “he became politically
isolated by adversaries among the
faculty and clergy who demanded
that he assimilate to their system.”
Without his parents' knowledge
and consent, but secretly
supported by his brother Paciano,
he traveled alone to Madrid,
Spain in May 1882 and studied
medicine at the Universidad
Central de Madrid where he
earned the degree, Licentiate in
Medicine.
 He also attended medical
lectures at the University of
Paris and the University of
Heidelberg. In Berlin he was
inducted as a member of the
Berlin Ethnological Society and
the Berlin Anthropological
Society under the patronage of
the famous pathologist Rudolf
Virchow.
 José Rizal as a student at the
University of Santo Tomas.
 José was designed by nature to
be an artist. This he revealed
before he was five years of age,
for without any assistance from
others he began to draw with his
pencil and to mould in wax or
clay any object he saw about
him. Fortunately, his mother,
father, and uncles recognized this
unusual talent and gave him
every encouragement.
A Group of Sketches by Rizal
 There was a also a time
when Rizal was able to
draw a bird flying nearby
without lifting the pencil he
was using from the paper
till the picture he drew was
finished. He can also draw
a running horse and a
chasing dog.
 Jose Rizal also owned a
pony and used it to have
long rides into the
surrounding country which
was rich in scenery.
 He also took long walks
together with his big black
dog named Usman.
 He also loved to play with
the doves in his
neighborhood.
 He learned about the myths
and legends in Laguna after
sleeping through the nut in
a little straw hut used by
Laguna farmers during the
harvest season.
 Rizal was also good in hand
tricks which he perfected to
amaze the simple folk and
performed magic lantern
exhibitions.
  The little boy spent also much
of his time in the church, which
was conveniently near, but
when the mother suggested that
this might be an indication of
religious inclination, his prompt
response was that he liked to
watch the people
 Even in his childhood, Rizal
already knew how to respect
the rights of others and
requested his elders to reason
with him rather than get mad at
him for small offenses.
 He became a welcome
companion for adults even at
his young age since he
respected their moods and was
never a hindrance to their
activities.
Three uncles who were brothers
of his mother also had much
influence on the early childhood
of Jose Rizal.
1. The youngest uncle named
Jose, took care of teaching
regular lessons to Rizal.
2. His huge uncle Manuel
developed his physique until he
had a body of silk and steel and
no longer a skinny and sickly
boy.
3. The last uncle, Gregorio
instilled in the mind of Rizal that
it was not easy to obtain
something until you put effort
into it.
 The childhood of Jose Rizal can be
characterized by his desire to learn,
even frequenting the church nearby
his home to watch and observe
people but not to be religiously
inclined.
 Jose Rizal was not a physically
blessed or strong child however, he
had a strong will guided and taught
by his mother, his first teacher.
 He learned almost without the use
of books.
 His mother was the one who
laid the foundation of his great
knowledge achieved in such a
short time. His brilliance was
also the character of the young
Jose Rizal.
CHAPTER 3
DR. JOSE RIZAL: EARLY
CHILDHOOD DAYS
In Calamba, Laguna
19 June 1861
JOSE RIZAL, the seventh child
of Francisco Mercado Rizal and
Teodora Alonso y Quintos, was
born in Calamba, Laguna.
22 June 1861
He was baptized JOSE RIZAL
MERCADO at the Catholic of
Calamba by the parish priest
Rev. Rufino Collantes with
Rev. Pedro Casanyas as the
sponsor.
28 September 1862
 The parochial church of
Calamba and the canonical
books, including the book which
Rizal’s baptismal records were
entered, were burned.
Rizal’s Family Garden
 The first memory of Rizal, in his
infancy was his happy days in
garden when he was 3 years old.
 Love to go to church to take part
in nopvaneas and join religious
processions
 Called Manong Jose by
Hermanos and Hermanas
In Calamba, Laguna
1864
Barely 3 years old, Rizal
learned the alphabet from his
mother.
1865
When he was four years old, his
sister Conception, the eight
children in the Rizal Family, died
at the age of three. It was on this
occasion that Rizal remember
having shed real tears for the first
time.
1865-1867
During this time his mother
taught him how to read and
write. His father hired a
classmate by the name of Leon
Monroy who, for five months
until his (Monroy) death, taught
Rizal the rudiments of Latin.
He began birdwatching at the age
of 3, observing the culiauan, the
maya, the maria capra, the
martin, and the pipit.
Of all sisters, Jose loved little
Conception best. She was only a
years younger than him.
When he was also eight years,
Rizal write his first dramatic
work, which was a Tagalog
comedy. It was staged in a
festival in Calamba, and was
later sold to a gobernador cillo
from Paete for two pesos.
He recited the Angelous prayer
daily.
He had own nipa cottage where
he played in the day, built by his
father.
6 June 1868
With his father, Rizal made a
pilgrimage to Antipolo to fulfill
the vow made by his mother to
take child to the Shrine of the
Virgin of Antipolo should she
and her child survive the ordeal
of delivery which nearly caused
his mother’s life. From there
they proceeded to Manila in the
La Concordia College in Sta.
Ana.
1869
At the age of eight, Rizal wrote
his first poem entitled “Sa aking
Mga Kabata.” The poem was
written in tagalog had had for its
theme “Love of One’s
Language.”
➢ He began sketching at five.
➢ He had a black dog named
Usman.
➢ Jose was skilled in operating
marionettes.
➢ He used to meditate by
Laguna de Bay with his pet dog,
Uman.
In Binan, Laguna
1870
His brother Paciano brought
Rizal to Binan, Laguna. He was
placed under the tutelage of
Justiniano Aquino Cruz,
Studying Latin and Spanish. In
this town he also learned the art
of painting under the tutorship
of an old painter by the name of
Juancho Carrena.
DR. JOSE RIZAL:
EARLY
CHILDHOOD DAYS
17 December 1870
Having finished his studies in
Binan, Rizal returned to Calamba
on board the motorboat Talim.
His parents planned to transfer
him to Manila where he could
continue his studies.
Rizal was a student in the
Ateneo de Manila in 1876 when
he was 15 years old.
Rizal first studied under
Justiniano Aquino Cruz in Binan,
Laguna, before he was sent to
Manila. As to his father’ request,
he took the entrance examination
in Colegio de San Juan de Letran
but he then enrolled at the
Ateneo Municipal de Manila
and graduated as one of the nine
students in his class declared
sobresaliente or outstanding.
When he was fifteen, he wrote
the poem entitled In Memory of
My Town (Un Recuerdo A Mi
Pueblo)
Rizal was sickly, underweight,
undersized, and frail as a child.
He had an aya (nurse maid) who
has a kind old woman and who
took care of him and his health.
 Rizal Pre-Ateneo
Jose Rizal learnt to read the
alphabet from his Mother at 3
and at the age of 5 learnt to read
and write. Education was a
strong value amongst members
of his family and aside from his
mother being Rizal's first non-
formal teacher, his uncle, Jose
Alberto often gave wise
directions in Rizal and his
studies (even a bit of the art of
wrestling) and from Uncle
Gregorio, he'd instill into Rizal
his own love for education and
the beauty of nature.

"Work hard and perform

every task very carefully; learn
to be swift as well as thorough;
be independent in thinking;
and make visual pictures of
everything."

 His mother was also very wise in

her teaching. When she noticed
his son showing a natural interest
towards poetry, she would recite
to him stories, poetry and
prayers to make learning the
basics of ABCs less mundane.

 As Jose grew older, his parents

employed private tutors to give
CHAPTER 4
him lessons at home and from
there he was taught a little of
Jose Rizal Latin and Spanish
Ateneo Municipal
 At 9 years old his parents sent
him to Binan to undergo formal
schooling in the curriculum of
his generation; characterized by
the four R's (reading, writing,
arithmetic and religion).
He followed a regular daily
routine, though not very strict it
was fairly consistent, and
attended to his studies and
excelled in them. Aside from his
formal lessons like Latin and
Spanish, he'd spent time with a
local painter in order to improve
his own skill in the art. He
quickly became one of the best
painters of the school
RIZALS Routine
1. Listens to mass at 4 am or
studies his lessons before
mass  He was almost left
2. Goes to the orchard to
look for mabolo to eat
3. Breakfast
4. Goes to class at 10 am
5. Lunch break
6. Goes back to school at
2pm
7. Goes home at 5 pm
8. Prays with cousins
9. Studies lessons before
drawing a little
10. Has supper then prays
again.
11. Sleeps, but if the night is
bright out he plays
Rizal at Ateneo
Before Rizal reached the age
of eleven, he was sent to
Manila to study at the Ateneo
Municipal. He was originally
supposed to study his later
years in Letran but because
of vague possibly
discriminatory notions by the
friars running the school, he
went on with Ateneo de
Manila. On June 10, 1872,
he took his first entrance
exam on Christi
unenrolled from Ateneo
because of not only for
arriving late for registration,
he appeared sickly and
undersized for his age.
However with the help of Fr.
Manuel Burgos, he was
admitted at Ateneo.
 Though he had to register
himself under the surname of
"Rizal" due to their real
surname, "Mercado" being
under suspicion of Spanish
Authorities. Fr. Manuel
Burgos, the man who had
helped Rizal with his
enrollment, came under
suspicion of Spanish officials
over treason. Paciano Rizal
(Jose Rizal's older brother)
had social ties with the Friar
and often engaged in political
talk over the abuse of Spanish
Friars against the Filipinos.
an Doctrine, arithmetic and
reading.
 Jose boarded in a house
outside Intramuros on
Cataballo Street, just a 25
minutes walkk from
colege, where Ateneo was
once located. This boarding
house was owned by Titay, a
spinster.
 Ateneo students were
trained by the Jesuits, and
rigid discipline, character
building and religious
instruction were given a
strong emphasis. At school,
his first professor was Fr.
Jose Beach. Having only
known a little bit of Spanish
from his private tutors, he
was automatically placed at
the bottom of the class as
"externo" (non boarder)
and given strong scrutiny
amongst his peers.
 Despite this, he progressed
rapidly and in a months'
time grew ahead of his class
and earned the title as
"emperor"
 From his time there, his love
for books grew and asked
his Father for books like the
complete set of the "Historia
Universal" and The count of
Monte Cristo.
 During his first year, he won
first prize in a contest for
religious picture. He spent
free time on private lessons
on Spanish but even so was
able to keep his scholarship
with grades still marked as
"excellent“.
 At this second year, he
worked a bit harder and re-
earned his title as "emperor".
He maintained his marking
of "excellent" in all subjects
earned a gold medal.
 In March 1874, he spent a
year in vacation at Calamba
before returning on June 16,
1875, to live in the Ateneo
campus (an "interne") to top
 his classmates in all subjects
earning him 5 medals.

Note: (Externo → non-

boarder, Intene → boarder)

 In June 1876, he returned for CHAPTER 5

his last year in Ateneo. With
excellent grades and
remarks by people as the University of Santo
best and most brilliant, he Tomas
graduated with a degree of
Bachelor of Arts along with
grades rated as "excellent". RIZAL at the UST

Remarks of Rizal On April 1877 , Rizal

matriculated in the
university of Santo Tomas.
at the age of 16 years old
and took the course of
philosophy and letters .
While studying at the
university Rizal also took a
vocational course in
surveying, at the age of 17
and he passes examination
he excelled in all subjects in
the surveying course
obtaining gold medals in
agriculture and topography .
Unfortunately the title could
not be granted because he
still under age but it was still
issued on November 25
1881.
 a registered student of medicine at
UST (1878-1879). Rizal and Jesuits
founded a literary academy and rizal
was the president. Which is great
versatility, he still had time to write
poetry, to paint, to sculpt, and to
First Love indulge in courtship prompted by his
While Jose Rizal was at the UST taking easy inclination to love.
his medical studies he experienced his
first love. He met a young girl named Leonor Rivera
Segunda Katigbak, her first love. In year 1879, Rizal the gallant
Unfortunately, Rizal kept away his lover visited many girls in Manila
feeling for Segunda after knowing she Society without committing himself
was engage to someone. But then, to anyone. Rizal likes good
Segunda broke up with her fiancé, toconversation and because of his
continue the romance of her and culture and intelligence, his
Rizal. On Christmas vacation, Rizal didlanguage was colorful and
not propose to Segunda which led poetic, sometimes spiced with
them to separate and made an irony. Later on, Rizal went to visit
agreement to see each other at his uncle, Antonio Rivera, who
Calamba. Rizal just lifted his hat and owned a boarding house in Manila.
Segunda just smiled at Rizal and wave Rizal was accompanied by his
her handkerchief, but Rizal was timidinspirable brother, Paciano.
and did not approach to Segunda. Due Eventually, Rizal decided to stay in
to he had indecision and timidity. his uncle's boarding house as a
boarder, while staying, Rizal met
his 13-year-old cousin named
Rizal as a student of Leonor. Leonor had very fair skin
medicine and light-brown hair, a very
pleasing voice and could carry
When rizal returned to calamba in
an interesting conversation.
1878 for christmas vacation . He
Antonio, in his double role as a
realized her mother is suffering from
uncle and possible father-in-law of
cataracts. At that time no diagnosis
Jose Rizal, played an important
could be found or made, due to the
part when he favored in 1882 the
lack of doctor of ophthalmology in
departure of his nephew for
thier town . Rizal thought she might go
Europe.
blind . Therefore , Rizal decided to
shift his orientation of his study and
study of ophthalmology for her mother
and to his countrymen and he became
  The El Consejo de los Dioses is
a play in poetic prose which
Poet is Born to People narrates the meeting of the gods
in mount Olympus, presided
 In 1879, the Liceo Artistico over by Jupiter and choose the
Literario de Manila held two most important work of
contest, one for peninsulares anduniversal literature.
another for the natives. Rizal
decided to submit a poem entitled Additional of Rizals
“A La Juventud Fiipina” (It is the
fair hope of my motherland) and Literary Work
he won the first prize, a feather-
 Junto al Pasic (Beside the
shaped silver pen and a diploma. Pasig) (1880) – a zarzuela
 Reasons why Rizal’s poem was awhich was staged by the
classic in Philippine Literature: Ateneans on December 08,
(1) it was the first great poem in1880, on the annual celebration
Spanish written by a Filipino, of the Feast Day of the
whose merit was recognized byImmaculate Conception
Spanish literary authorities and
• A Filipinas (1880) – a sonnet he
(2) it expressed for the first time
wrote for the album of the
the nationalistic concept that
Society of Sculptors.
the Filipinos were the “fair hope
of the Fatherland”. • Abd-el-Azis (1879) – a poem
 On its third year 1880-1881, the declaimed by Manuel Fernandez
Liceo, in commemoration of the on the night of December 08,
death anniversary of Cervantes1879 in honor of the Ateneo’s
held a contest, this time without Patroness.
discrimination. Rizal entered the • Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon (1881) –
contest and the title of the piece a poem he wrote as an expression
was “El Consejo de los Dioses”. of affection to Father Pablo
He was 18 years old. In spite of Ramon.
the fact that the board of judges
was composed of Peninsulares,  During the Christmas vocation of
and that there were 14 1881 Rizal receive a letter in
contestants. Rizal got the first Calamba from Leonor Rivera. She
complained of Rizal’s failure to
prize, consistent of a gold ring with
the bust of Cervantes carved in write. His subsequent conduct
cameo on top. indicates, however, Rizal’s love for
her had not diminished at all.
 Rizal visit to Pakil and
Pagsajan
 Summer of May 1881 - Rizal
went to a pilgrimage to the
town of pakil, famous shrine
of the Birhen Maria de los
Dolores.
 He was accompanied by his
sisters—Saturnina , Maria,
and Trinidad and
their female friends.
 They took a casco (flat-
bottom sailing vessel) from
Calamba to Pakil, Laguna,
and stayed at the home of Mr.
and Mrs. Manuel Regalado,
whose son Nicolas was
Rizal’s friend in Manila.
 Rizal and his companions
were fascinated by the
famous turumba (people
dancing in the streets during
the procession in honor of the
miraculous Birhen Maria de
los Dolores)
 Rizal was infatuated by a
pretty girl colegiala, Vicenta
Ybardolaza, who skillfully
played the harp at the
Regalado home.
 Reasons why Rizal and his
company made side trip to
the neighboring town of
Pagsanjan: (1) it was the
native town of Leonor
Valenzuela and (2) to see the
world famed Pagsanjan Falls.
Leonor
Valenzuela
Daughter of the next-door
neighbors of Doña Concha
Leyva (her house is where
Rizal boarded). She is a tall
girl with a regal bearing.
She has a pet named Orang.
Rizal sent her love notes
written in invisible ink. This
ink consisted of common
table salt and water. He
taught Orang the secret of
reading any note written in
the invisible ink by heating it
over a candle or lamp so
that the words may appear.
Unhappy Days at
the UST
Jose Rizal was unhappy
of his medical studies at
UST. He was unhappy
because the Dominician
professors was hostile to
him, the Filipino students
were racially discriminated
against by the Spaniards,
and the method of
instruction was obsolete
and repressive Because
of this, Rizal failed to win
high scholastic honors.
Decision to study CHAPTER 6
RIZAL’S FIRST TRIP TO
Abroad EUROPE
In the first year of the
philosophy course. THE DEPARTURE
Rizal got an excellent May 01,1882
 To observe keenly the
rating, but not
life and culture, languages
impressive the four and customs, industries,
years of his medical commerce and government
course. After finishing and laws of the European
the fourth year of his Nations in order to prepare
medical course, Rizal himself in the mighty task of
liberating of his oppressed
decided to study in
fellow men from Spanish
Spain. He could no tyranny.
longer endure the  Approval of his older
rampant bigotry, brother Paciano
discrimination, and  Rizal leave without
hostility in the permission and blessings from
University of Santo his parents

Tomas. Paciano gave him

356 Mexican pesos,\
Carromata-  light 2-
wheeled boxlike passenger
vehicle usually drawn by a
single native pony
 He took a cup of coffee
and kissed the hands of his
parents, who thought that he
was only bound for Manila, not
for abroad.
 Rizal and Paciano went
to the house of their sisters
 Neneng or Saturnina ship captain, Donato Lecha, a
(wife of Manuel Hidalgo ) Spaniard from Asturias, Spain,
 Lucia (wife of Mariano befriend him.
Herbosa)

Antonio Rivera arrived SINGAPORE

with the passport. named
José Mercado. He use the
name due to not so good
publicity of their family
name.
 The next day, Rizal and
his compadre (Mateo
Evangelista) went to see
the Salvadora.
 In the afternoon Rizal
bid the Jesuit fathers
goodbye. And gave him
letters of
recommendation to the
Jesuit fathers in
Barcelona. 
May 03,1882- he went to the
Paseo de Magallanes and then to
the wharf on the Pasig River
where the Salvadora was docked.
He was accompanied in the bay
by Don Vicente Gella, Mateo
Evangelista and Antonio Rivera,
Rizal boarded Salvadora and
left Philippines for the first
time
May 8, 1882 – while the
ship was approaching
Singapore, Rizal saw a
beautiful island, fascinated
by its scenic beauty, he
remember “Talim Island
with the Susong Dalaga”
May 9, 1882, the Ship
docked at Singapore. Rizal
landed and, registered at
the Hotel de la Paz, and
spent two days for
sightseeing there he saw
the statue of Sir Thomas
Stanford Raffles (founder
of Singapore)
The Statue Of Sir
Thomas Stanford
Raffles (Founder Of
Singapore)

SINGAPORE
Rizal observed that he is the only
Filipino on the ship the rest were;
Spaniards, British and Indian
Negros. Even though he was
seasick he tried to conversed
with the other passenger. The

From Singapore to
Colombo
May 11- Rizal transferred
to another ship Djemnah,
and he left to Europe.
Among these passengers
were British, French,
Dutch, Spaniards,
Malays, Siamese, And
Filipinos.
May 17- Djemnah reach
Point Galle, a seacoast town
in southern Ceylon (now Sri
Lanka). The following day,
Djemnah resume the voyage,
after a few hours of sailing,
they reach Colombo, the
capital of Ceylon on the
same day.
 his travel diary: the general
appearance of point Galle is
picturesque but lonely and
quiet and at the same time
sad. “he was enamored
because of its scenic beauty
and elegant buildings.
“Colombo is more beautiful,
smart and elegant than
Singapore, Point Galle and
Manila.”
First Trip through
Suez Canal
From Colombo, Djemnah
continued the voyage crossing
• the Indian Ocean
• the Cape of Guardafui,
• Aden. -hotter than manila
• Djemnah proceeded to the
city of Suez, the Red Sea
terminal of the Suez Canal. It
took five days to traverse the Suez
Canal.
• At Port Said, the
Mediterranean terminal of the
Suez Canal- Rizal landed and was
fascinated to hear the multi-racial
inhabitants speaking a babel of
tongues.
• Ferdinand de Lesseps –a
French Diplomat-engineer
• Who built the Suez Canal
• Inaugurated on November
17, 1869.
• June 11- Rizal reached
Naples, Italy
• June 12 - the steamer
docked at the French harbor of
Marseilles. Rizal visited Château
d’If , a fortress and former prison
of the coast of Marseille, where
Dante a hero of The Count of
Monte Cristo was imprisoned for
years from a classic novel.
• May 15- , Rizal left
Marseilles by train;
• June 16, 1882- he reached
Barcelona
• Rizal's first impression of
Barcelona was unfavorable and
ugly but begun to like the city he
found out that the people were
open-hearted, hospitable, and
courageous.
First publication
• "Amor Patria" (Love of
Country)- Rizal wrote a
nationalistic essay by the pen
name Laong-laan
• Basilio Teodoro Moran-
publisher of Diaryong Tagalog
• August 20, 1882, - amor patria
appeared on newspaper with
Tagalog version translated by
M.H.Del Pilar or Marcelo
Hilario del Pilar  • The website of the Jose Rizal
• Los Viajes (Travels)- the
2nd article ,
• Revisita de Madrid
(Review of Madrid)- the
3rd article
• September 15, 1882- Sad news
from home
Rizal received letters
• from Paciano, about the
spread of cholera that
ravaging Manila and the
other provinces.
• from Chengoy a.k.a Jose
Cecillio about Leonora
Rivera’s unhappiness.
• One of the letters dated
May 26, 1882 from Paciano
advised Rizal to finish his
medical course in Madrid
CHAPTER 7
Rizal in Spain, France,
Germany, Switzerland
and Italy
Rizal in Spain
• According to the document
“Rizal’s Madrid” produced by the
Philippine Embassy in Spain, Rizal
first arrived in Madrid in 1882 to
study medicine at the Universidad
Central de Madrid.
University said Rizal left the
Philippines for the first time on
May 3, 1882 and headed towards
Spain using a passport under the
name Jose Mercado, obtained for
him by his uncle Antonio Rivera,
father of Leonor Rivera. He
travelled across Europe, including
France and Germany, until 1886.
Based on “Rizal’s Madrid,”
some of the little-known facts
about Rizal’s life in Spain
include:
1. Rizal had a limited allowance of P50
a month when he was studying in
Madrid. This was further reduced to P35
a month when their family farm in
Laguna had bad harvests.
2. Rizal first lived at the Amor de Rios
house close to the Universidad Central
de Madrid.
3. Rizal liked to take light meals with
wine at the Viva Madrid restaurant, also
a favorite of journalist and revolutionary
Graciano Lopez Jaena.
4. While studying medicine at the
Universidad Central de Madrid, he also
went to the nearby Escuela de Bellas
Artes de San Fernando to study painting.
5. Rizal’s favorite park in Spain is the
Parque del Buen Retiro which inspired
him to name his place of exile in
Dapitan, Zamboanga as “Mi Retiro.”
6. Rizal attended theatrical
presentations, music and poetry recitals
and book launchings at the Ateneo de
Madrid, which is not an educational
institution but an exclusive men’s club.
7. There were times when Rizal was in
dire financial difficulties in Spain. Once,
he had to pawn his sister Saturnina’s
ring to pay for his exams. At another
time, he did not at all for one whole day.
However, in his letters to his family, he
only mentioned his high grades and
victories in contests.
8. Rizal and the other Filipino
propagandists lobbied at the Congreso
de los Diputados (the Spanish congress)
for the recognition of the Filipinos’ right
to autonomy and for equal rights with
Spanish citizens.
9. A marker stands along the corridor of
the Colegio de Medicina in Madrid
indicating Rizal studied medicine there
from October 2, 1882 until June 1884.
10. In an undated letter to his family,
Rizal indicated that his last place of
residence in Spain was the Casa
Cedaceros. He told his family that he
planned to study ophthalmology in
Germany because the eyesight of his
mother Teodora Alonso had gotten
worse and he wanted to treat her when
he returned to the Philippines.
RIZAL IN
SWITZERLAND
From Rheinfall,they crossed the
border to Schaffhausen, Switzerland.
• They stayed in this city from
June 2 to 3, 1887. They
continued their tour to
Basel(Bale), Bern, and
Lausanne.
Geneva
• Rizal and Viola left Lausanne
in a little boat crossing the
foggy Leman Lake to
Geneva.
• On June 19, 1887, his 26th
birthday; Rizal treated Viola
to a blow-out. Rizal and
Viola spent fifteen days in
Geneva.
• On June 23, they parted
ways. Viola decided to return
to Barcelona while Rizal
continued his tour to Italy.
 Rizal Resents Exhibition • He also wrote about his overall
of Igorots in 1887 Madrid fondness for the country, where
Exposition he was quoted writing that he
• Rizal received sad news from
his friends in Madrid of the
deplorable conditions of the
primitive Igorots who were
exhibited in this exposition.
Some of these Igorots died.
Rizal was outraged by the
degradation of his fellow
countrymen.
Rizal in Italy
• He visited Turin, Milan,
Venice and Florence.
• On June 27, 1887, he reached
Rome “Eternal City” and also
called the “City of The
Caesar’s”. He was thrilled by
the sights and memories of the
Eternal City Rome.
• On June 29th, Rizal visited or
the first time the Vatican, the
City of the Popes and the
capital of Christendom. After a
week of staying in Rome, he
prepared to return to the
Philippines. He had already
written to his father that he
was coming home.
• Rizal stayed Italy for three days
during his travels in Europe.
• The national hero left the country
on June 30, 1887 and
encountered an Italian priest in a
train who reportedly treated him
like an old friend. Rizal referred
to him as his “Father Confessor.”
would stay in Italy “until the last
moment.”
Rizal in france
• He first arrived at
MARSEILLES.
• During his summer vacation
Rizal went to Paris and stayed
there from June 17 to august 20,
1883 to observed how medicine
was being practice there and
returned to Madrid.
• After his studies in Madrid, he
went back to Paris.
• Rizal is 24 years old and a full-
fledged surgeon.
• He migrated into Paris by his
intention to specialize in
ophthalmology.
• MAXIMO VIOLA-medical student
from San Miguel, Bulacan; help rizal
to published the Noli Me Tangere
• Rizal worked as an assistant and
apprentice at the eye clinic of DR.
LOUIS DE WECKER for 4 months.
Rizal learned the following from Dr.
De Wecker:
-actual performance of eye operation
-recent studies on the ailment of the
eyes
-various techniques of eye operation
• Before leaving the city, Rizal had
completed ¼ of this first novel , the
Noli Me Tangere. Rizal continued his
study on various languages and
practiced his artistic skills - finished
two statues: “THE BEGGAR” and
“THE MAID WITH A BASKET”.
• He organized social club called
“KIDLAT CLUB” which brought
 together young Filipinos residing in HEIDELBERG” (to the
France. Soon the members of the said flowers of Heidelberg) on April
club founded a new Filipino society-
12, 1886
the INDIOS BRAVOS, an
-he was inspired by the Neckar
organization which envisioned
Filipinos being recognized by the river teeming with flowers -he
Spain for being excellent in various made this poem because of his
fields of knowledge. mood of homesickness Poem of
Rizal in germany two greatest love of man on
• Feb. 1, 1886-Rizal left for Germany. earth, poem of remembrance and
• He left Paris due to its high cost of poem of the motherland
living, which he could not cope with. (FORGET-ME- NOTS)
• Feb. 3, 1886- he arrived in
Heidelberg
• HEIDELBERG- famous for its
university and romantic
surroundings
• Rizal became a member of chess
players’ club of Heidelberg
• Rizal also became popular in
CHAPTER 8
German students because in their
drinking sprees. The First Return to the
• After a few days, Rizal decided to Philippines
transfer to a boarding house close to
(August 1887)
the university of Heidelberg. He was
privilege to work at the eye hospital
of the university, under the tutelage Decision to Return
of DR. OTTO BECKER. It was at
Home
this university town where he perfect
the techniques of diagnosing eye ✘ Rizal was determined to
ailments, which he learned under Dr. come back home to for the
Louis De Wecker. following reasons:
• Rizal wrote letters to his sisters 1.To operate his mother’s eyes
Maria and Trinidad. In his letters he 2.To serve his people who had
described: long been oppressed by
>Germany- country of order and Spanish tyrants.
obedience 3.To find out for himself how
>German students- affectionate, the Noli Me Tangere and his
respectful, modest, and not boastful
other writings were affecting
>German women- tall stout and
Filipinos and Spaniards.
blonde (physical) - serious, studious,
4.To inquire why Leonor
simple, industrious, not afraid of men,
concerned about education, diligent Rivera remained silent.
Rizal write a poem entitled “A
LOS FLORES DEL
 Delightful Trip to
Manila
✘ Rizal left Rome by train to
Marseilles, a French port and
boarded Djemnah, the same
steamer that brought him to
Europe five years ago.
✘ There were 50 passengers: 4
Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3
Chinese, 2 Japanese, 40
Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino
(Rizal)
✘ In Saigon (Ho Chi Minh),
Vietnam – he transferred to
another steamer, Haiphong,
that brought him to Manila.
Happy Homecoming
✘ On August 8th – he returned
to Calamba.
✘ When he returned to
Calamba, rumors spread that
he was a:
- German Spy
- An agent of Otto Von
Bismarck – the liberator of
Germany.
- A protestant
- Mason
- Soul halfway to damnation.
- When Rizal established
a medical clinic, his mother
Dona Teodora became his
first patient.
- Rizal treated her eyes
but could not perform any
surgical operation because
her cataracts were not yet
ripe.
- He was being called
“Doctor Uliman” because he
came from Germany.
Storm Over the Noli
Me Tangere
• Governor General Emilio
Terrero wrote to Rizal requesting
to come to Malacanang Palace.
Somebody had whispered to the
governor’s ear that the Noli Me
Tangere contained subversive
ideas.
• He was a liberal minded
Spaniard who knew that Rizal’s
life was in jeopardy because the
friars were powerful.
• He assigned Don Jose
Taviel de Andrade, a young
Spanish lieutenant, to be the
bodyguard of Rizal.
• Rizal visited the Jesuit
fathers to ask for their feedback
on the novel.
• He was gladly welcomed by
the following friars:
• Fr. Francisco de Paula
Sanchez
• Fr. Jose Bech
• Fr. Federico Faura – told
Rizal that everything in the novel
was the truth and warned him
that he may lose his head
because of it.
Rizal’s Reasons for
Leaving the PH
✘ His presence in Calamba was
jeopardizing the safety and
 happiness of his family and
friends.
✘ He could not fight better his
enemies and serve his country’s
cause with greater efficacy by
writing in foreign countries.
Rizal in Hong Kong
and Macao (1888)
• February 3, 1888 – he left
Manila for Hong Kong on board
the Zafiro.
• While in Hong Kong he
stayed at Victoria Hotel and was
welcomed by the Filipino
residents including Jose Maria
Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and
Manuel Yriarte (Son of Francisco
Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna)
Jose Sainz de Varanda – a former
secretary of Governor General
Terrero who shadowed Rizal’s
movement in Hong Kong .
Visit to Macao
• February 18 – Rizal was
accompanied by Basa, boarded
the steamer Kiu-Kiang for
Macao.
• In Macao, the two stayed at the
home of Don Juan Francisco
Lecaros, a Filipino gentleman
married to a Portuguese lady.
• During his two day trip in
Macao, he visited the theatre,
casino, cathedral and churches,
pagodas, botanical garden, and
bazaars.
• February 20 – Rizal and Basa
returned to Hong Kong.
On February 22, 1888,
Rizal left Hong Kong on
board the Oceanic, an
American steamer, bound
to Japan.
Rizal in Japan
The Land of Cherry
Blossoms
✘ While he was in Japan he
went to these following places:
1. Yokohama, where he bin
2. Tokyo, where he was
visited by Juan Perez
Caballero, secretary of
Spanish Legation.
Romance with O Sei San
ar
✘ A samurai’s daughter of 23
years old and had never
experienced true love.
✘ A woman of beauty,
charm, modesty, and
intelligence.
✘ When Rizal first introduced
himself to her, he took of his hat
as a sign of respect.
✘ She improved his
knowledge of the Japanese
language,
 ✘ Eases the pain left by were displacing white laborers
Leonor Rivera. in railroad construction camp.

Sayonara, Japan! Across the American

✘ April 13, 1888 – Rizal boarded Continent
Belgic at Yokohama bound for ✘ While in America, he visited
United States of America. or stopped at these following
✘ He befriended Tetcho Suchiro places:
who is a fighting Japanese 1. Oakland
journalist, novelist, champion of
2. Sacramento
human rights, who was forced by
the government to leave Japan. 3. Reno, Nevada
4. Utah
5. Colorado
6. Nebraska
7. Missouri River
8. Chicago
Rizal’s Visit to the
9. Albany
United States (1888)
10. New York
Arrival in San Francisco
USA to London
✘Saturday, April 28, 1888 – the
steamer Belgic docked at San ✘ May 16, 1888 - he left the United
Francisco. States for Liverpool, London on
board the City of Rome, the
✘American health authorities did second largest ship in the world
not let the passengers to land during his time.
for one week because of the
rumored cholera epidemic. Rizal in London
✘Rizal was surprised because (1888)
there is no outbreak of the
disease in the Far East, thus he Arrival in Liverpool
joined other passengers in ✘ From New York he
protest. arrived in London and in
Liverpool on May 24, 1888.
✘There were 643 Chinese coolies
boarded the ship, and they 3 Reasons why Rizal went to
London:
 1. To improve his
knowledge of the
English language
2. To study and annotate
Morga’s Sucesos de
Las Islas Filipinas
3. London was a safe
place for him to carry
on his fight against
Spanish tyranny.
Life in London
✘ He stayed as a guest of
Dr. Antonio Regidor, an exile
and a practicing lawyer.
✘ He became a boarder at
the Beckett’s by the end of
May where he meet the
Beckett’s family.
✘ He was called “Pearl of
Man” by Dr. Reinhold Host, a
librarian of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs and an
authority of Malayan
languages and customs.
✘ He played cricket (a
popular English game) and
boxing with Dr. Rost’s sons.
✘ In London, he met
Gertrude Beckett, a true-
blooded English woman
which Rizal affectionately
called “Gettie”.
✘ He spent New Year and
Christmas with the Becketts
Rizal Back in
Paris (1889)
Life in Paris
✘ From London, he went
back to Paris on March
1889.
✘ For a short time, he
lived in the house of his
friend Valentin Ventura.
✘ He used to dine at the
homes of his friends such
as the Pardo de Taveras,
the Venturas, the
Bousteads, and the Lunas.
Christmas in
Paris
✘ December 25, 1889 –
he prepared a
sumptuous Christmas
dinner for some of his
friends.
✘ After one month, Rizal
prepare to go to
Brussels in Belgium.
Rizal in Brussels
(1890)
 Rizal in Brussels
✘ January 28, 1890 – he left
Paris for Brussels, the capital
city of Belgium.
He left Paris for 2 reasons:
1. The cost of living in
Paris was very high; and
2. The gay social life of
the city hampered his
literary works specially the
writing of his second novel,
El Filibusterismo.
✘ He was accompanied by Jose
Albert when he moved to
Brussels.
✘ In Brussels, he came to know
Petite Suzanne Jacoby who
was attracted to him. But
Rizal ignored her and when
he left to Madrid she cried.
Rizal in Madrid
(1890)
Life in Madrid
✘ He arrived in Madrid in
August of 1890.
✘ He failed in seeking justice
for his family in Calamba
and Leonor Rivera whom
he was engaged for eleven
years broke his heart.
✘ He went on vacation on the
French Basque Coast upon ✘
the invitation of the
Boustead family.
Romance with Nellie
Boustead
✘ When he had a serious
romance with Nellie, he
finished writing the last
chapter of his novel, El
Filibusterismo.
✘ He has intentions to
marry her but his proposal
failed because he does not
like to give up his Catholic
faith. Nellie was a
Protestant.
El Filibusterismo
✘ He went to Ghent to
search for a printer for his
novel.
✘ September 18, 1891 –
El Filibusterismo came off
the press.
✘ The book was
dedicated to the three
Filipino priests who were
executed in the Philippines.
After the publication of
El Filibusterismo, he left
Madrid for Hong Kong.
 ✘ In Hong Kong, Rizal
practiced his knowledge in
ophthalmology.
✘ He joined clinic with a
Portuguese physician, Dr.
Lorenzo Marquez, who
became his friend and
admirer.
✘ He successfully operated
his mother’s left eye.

Rizal Back in Hong

Kong (1891)
Rizal Back in Hong Kong
✘ He arrived in Hong Kong on
November 20, 1891 and was
welcomed by the Filipino
residents especially his old
friend Jose Ma. Basa.
✘ Rizal’s family composed of
his father, brother, mother,
and sisters arrived late and
had a reunion in Christmas
of 1891.