INTRACLERGY CONFLICTS

AND
THE CAVITE MUTINY
The Cavite Mutiny
 CAVITE MUTINY

A MAJOR FACTOR IN THE

AWAKENING OF NATIONALISM
AMONG THE FILIPINOS
 MUTINY
 A REBELLION AGAINST AUTHORITY

 COMES FROM AN OLD VERB, “MUTINE”

WHICH MEANS “REVOLT”.
What do you know about
Cavite Mutiny?
 The Cavite Mutiny is one of the most
significant historical accounts in the Philippine
History.
 It describes the uprising of the Filipino troops and
workers at the Cavite arsenal due to the removal
of the privileges: exemption from the tribute
exemption from forced labor.
THE MARTYRDOM OF THE
THREE PRIEST
 GOMBURZA
 THE COLLECTIVE NAME OF THE THREE
MARTYRED PRIESTS.

 TAGGED AS THE MASTERMINDS

OF THE CAVITE MUTINY
 GOMBURZA
 They were prominent Filipino Priests
charged with treason and sedition

 The Spanish clergy connected the priests to the mutiny as part of a

conspiracy to stifle the movement of secular priests who desired to
have their own parishes instead of being assistants to the regular
friars.
 Father Mariano Gomez
 An old man in his mid 70, Chinese; Filipino, born in
Cavite.
 He held the most senior position of the three as
Archbishops Vicar Cavite.

 He was truly nationalistic and accepted the death penalty calmly as

though it were his penance for being a pro-Filipinos.
 Father Jose Burgos
 Spanish descent, born in the Philippines.
He was a parish priest of the Manila Cathedral and
had been known to be close to the liberal Governor-
General de la Torre.

 He was 35 years old at his time and was active and outspoken
in advocating the Filipinization of the clergy.
 Father Jacinto Zamora
 37 years old, was also Spanish born in the
Philippines.

 He was the parish priest of Marikina and was known

to be unfriendly to and would not countenance any
arrogance or authoritative behavior from Spaniards
coming from Spain.
 SPANISH ACCOUNTS OF THE
CAVITY MUTINY

1. MONTEROS ACCOUNT OF THE CAVITE MUTINY

2. OFFICIAL REPORT OF GOVERNOR IZQUIERDO ON THE

CAVITE MUTINY
 JOSE MONTERO Y VIDAL
 Spanish historian
 His account centered on how the event was an attempt
In overthrowing the Spanish government in the Philippines.

 His account of mutiny was criticized as woefully biased.

MONTERO’S ACCOUNT OF THE
CAVITE MUTINY

THE IDEA OF ATTAINING THEIR INDEPENDENCE, IT

WAS TOWARDS THIS GOAL THAT THEY STARTED TO
WORK, WITH THE POWERFUL ASSISTANCE OF A CERTAIN
SECTION OF THE NATIVE CLERGY.
 GOVERNOR RAFAEL
IZQUIERDO

 Implicated the native clergy, who were active in the movement toward
secularization of parishes.

 In a biased report, he highlighted the attempt to overthrow the

Spanish government in the Philippines to install a new “hari”
in the persons of Father Burgos and Zamora.
 ACCORDING TO IZQUIERDO,
native clergy attracted supporters by giving them charismatic assurance that
Their fight would not fail because they had God’s support, aside from promises
Of lofty rewards such as employment, wealth, and ranks in the army.
 AN EXCERPT FROM
THE OFFICIAL REPORT
OF GOV. IZQUIERDO ON
THE CAVITE MUNITY OF 1872
“IT HAS NOT BEEN CLEARLY
DETERMINED IF THEY PLANNED TO
ESTABLISH A MONARCHY OR A
REPUBLIC, BECAUSE THE INDIOS HAVE
NO WORD IN THEIR LANGUAGE TO
DESCRIBE THIS FORM OF
GOVERNMENT.”

“WHOSE HEAD IN FILIPINO WOULD BE

CALLED HARI: BUT IT TURNS OUT THAT
THEY WOULD PLACE AT THE HEAD OF THE
GOVERNMENT A PRIEST. THAT THE HEAD
SELECTED WOULD BE D. JOSE BURGOS OR D.
JACINTO ZAMORA.”
SPANISH ACCOUNTS

UNDERSCORE THE REASON FOR THE “REVOLUTION” ABOLITION

OF PRIVILEGE ENJOYED BY THE WORKERS OF CAVITE ARSENAL
SUCH AS EXEMPTION FROM PAYMENT OF TRIBUTE AND BEING
EMPLOYED IN POLOS Y SERVICIOS (FORCE LABOR)

THE PRESENCE OF THE NATIVE CLERGY, AGAINST THE SPANISH

FRIARS, “CONSPIRED AND SUPPORTED” THE REBELS.
 IN THE SPANIARD’S ACCOUNTS

1872
WAS PREMEDITATED, A PART OF A BIG CONSPIRACY AMONG EDUCATED
LEADERS, MESTIZOS, LAWYERS, AND RESIDENTS OF MANILA AND CAVITE.

THEY ALLEGEDLY PLAN TO LIQUIDATE HIGH-RANKING SPANISH OFFICERS AND

THEN KILL FRIARS.
 THE ACCOUNTS DETAIL ON

JANUARY 20, 1872

THE DISTRICT OF SAMPALOC CELEBRATED THE FEAST OF
THE VIRGIN LORETO, CAME WITH IT WERE SOME
FIREWORKS DISPLAY.

THE CAVITENOS MISTOOK THIS AS THE SIGNAL TO

COMMENCE WITH THE ATTACK.
 SPANISH ACCOUNTS

 200 men was led by Sergeant Lamadrid attacked Spanish

officers at sight and seized the arsenal.
 Izquierdo, upon learning of the attack, ordered the
reinforcement of the Spanish forces in Cavite to
quell the revolt.

 The revolution was easily crushed, when Manileños

Who were expected to aid the Caviteños did not arrive.
AS RESULT, THE LEADERS OF
THE PLOT WERE KILLED.AS
FATHER GOMEZ, BURGOS AND
ZAMORA

WERE TRIED BY A COURT-

MARTIAL AND
SENTENCED TO BE EXECUTED.
 OTHERS WHO WERE IMPLICATED SUCH AS

JOAQUIN PARDO DE TA ANTONI MA. REGIDOR JOSE BASA PIO BASA

VERA

AND OTHER FILIPINO LAWYERS WERE SUSPENDED FROM THE PRACTICE OF LAW,
ARRESTED, AND SENTENCED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT AT THE MARIANAS ISLAND.
 FEBRUARY 17, 1872

THE GOMBURZA WERE EXECUTED BY GARROTE IN PUBLIC TO

SERVE AS A THREAT TO FILIPINOS NEVER TO ATTEMPT TO
FIGHT THE SPANIARDS AGAIN.

THIS IS A SCENE PURPORTEDLY WITNESSED BY A YOUNG JOSE

RIZAL
 DIFFERING ACCOUNTS OF THE
EVENTS OF 1872

 PARDO DE TAVERA’S ACCOUNT OF

THE CAVITE MUTINY

 PLAUCHUT’S ACCOUNT OF THE

CAVITE MUTINY
 DR. TRINIDAD HERMENEGILDO
PARDO DE TAVERA

 A FILIPINO SCHOLAR AND

RESEARCHER

 WROTE A FILIPINO VERSION OF THE

BLOODY INCIDENT IN CAVITE.
 ACCORDING TO PARDO DE TAVERA,

The incident was merely a mutiny by Filipino soldiers and

laborers of the Cavite arsenal to the dissatisfaction arising from
the draconian policies of Izquierdo (abolition of privileges and
prohibition of the founding of the school of arts and trades.
THE CENTRAL SPANISH GOVERNMENT

was planning to deprive the friars of all the powers of

intervention in matters of civil government and direction
and management of educational institutions.
AN EXCERPT FROM

PARDO DE TAVERA’S ACCOUNT OF

THE CAVITE MUTINY

“FILIPINOS HAD GREAT HOPES OF AN

IMPROVEMENT IN THE AFFAIRS OF
THEIR COUNTRY”

“THE FRIARS FEARED THAT THEIR

POWER IN THE COLONY WOULD SOON
BE COMPLETE A THING OF THE PAST.”
 EDMUND PLAUCHUT

 A French writer
 Complemented Tavera’s account and
analyzed the motivation of 1872
Cavite Mutiny
 AN EXCERPT FROM
PLAUCHUT’S ACCOUNT OF THE
CAVITE MUTINY

“THE ARRIVAL IN MANILA OF GEN.

IZQUIERDO PUT A SUDDEN END TO ALL
DREAMS OF REFORMS…

SUCH A POLICY MUST REALLY END IN A

STRONG DESIRE ON THE PART OF THE
OTHER TO REPRESS CRUELLY..”
 DIFFERING ACCOUNTS

FRIARS USED CAVITE AS A PART OF A LARGER CONSPIRACY TO

CEMENT THEIR DOMINANCE.

THEY SHOWCASED THE MUTINY AS PART OF A GREATER CONSPIRACY

IN THE PHILIPPINES BY FILIPINOS TO OVERTHROW THE SPANISH
GOVERNMENT

UNINTENTIONALLY, IT RESULTED IN THE MARTYRDOM OF

GOMBURZA, AND PAVED THE WAY TO THE REVOLUTION
CULMINATING IN 1898.