2.

CORRUPT COLONIAL OFFICIALS

PROVISIONS OF - an able militarist but heartless general,
- With few exceptions, the colonial was widely detested by Filipino people
EDUCATIONAL DECREE OF officials sent by the Spain to the by executing Dr. Jose Rizal.
1863 Philippines in 19th century were a far
cry from their able and dedicated 5. Other spanish colonial officials were of
- Establishments of teacher training predecessors of the 16th, 17th, and the same evil breed as the degenerate
18th century. governor generals mentioned. (either
school
relatives or friars)
- Government supervises the public
2. CORRUPT COLONIAL - became rich by illegal means or by
school system
OFFICIALS marrying the heiresses of rich Filipino
- Use of Spanish as medium of instruction families
in all schools
1. General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-
- Establishment of one primary schools 1873)
3. Philippine
for boys and for girls in each of major
- responsible in executing the three
Representation in
town
innocent fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Spanish Cortes
DEFECTS OF EDUCATION SYSTEM DURING Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora.
SPANISH TIME - The Philippine representative was Don
Ventura de los Reyes who together with
2. General Fernando Primo de Rivera
1. Emphasis on religion other delegates signed the hallmark
(1880-1883 & 1897-1898)
2. Absence of academic freedom Cadiz Constitution of 1812.
3. Racial discrimination - enriched himself by accepting bribes
4. Limited curriculum from Gambling casinos which he
permitted
- Unfortunately, the representation of the
JOSE RIZAL: LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS Philippines in Spanish Cortes was
SECOND EDITION abolished in 1837.
3. General Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)
Philippines of Rizal’s time - Graciano Lopez Jaena, “ ... so our
- Arrived in Manila a poor man, nnaging aspirations may be known to the mother
1. INSTABILITY OF COLONIAL millionaire country and its government.”
ADMINISTRATION
- Received bribes from Chinese for
- From 1835 - 1897, the Philippines was evading the anti-chinese law 4. Human Rights Denied
ruled by governor generals, each
serving an average of 1 year and three 4. General Camilo de Polavieja (1896-
to Filipinos
months per term. 1897)
 - The Spanish authorities who cherished
human rights or constitutional liberties
in Spain denied them to the Filipinos
“ Why we fall in such anomaly, such as
combining our claim of liberty of ourselves, and
our wish to imposed our law on remote people?
Why do we deny other the benefit which we
desire for our fatherland?”
- Sinabaldo de Mas, Spanish economist and
diplomat
5. No Equality before the
Law
- The Spanish colonial authorities, who were
Christians, did not implement Christ’s percept of
brotherhood of all men under the fatherhood of
God.
- The last decades of Spanish rule regarded
brown-skinned Filipinos as inferiors and treated
them as their slaves.
6. Maladministration of
Justice
- justice were costly, slow, and partial when it
comes to poor Filipino
- courts of “injustice as far as brown-skinned
Filipino people were concerned
- a rich man or Spaniards whose skin was white,
can easily achieve victory in any litigations.
7. Racial Discrimination Republic Act 1425
Spaniards and their mestizo satellites called
brown-skinned and flat nose Filipino people as
Rizal Law
“indios”
- Spanish Colonial Rule
- During Rizal’s time, a white skin, a high nose,
and Castilian image were a badge of vaunted - The Philippines was a colony of Spain
superiority. for over 300 years, from 1565 to
1898.
8. Frailocracy or -
“government by Friars”
Emergence of Filipino
- Friars acquired tremendous political power, Nationalism
influence, and riches in the last decade of their
ruling Throughout the 19th century, a sense of
nationalism and desire for reform began
- They can send patriotic Filipino to jail or today grow among the Filipino elite
denounce him as “filibustero”, an enemy of God
and country, to be executed.
Jose Rizal's Influence
9. Forced labor or “polo y servicio”
through his writings and actions, he became a
symbol of the Filipino struggle for social and
10. Haciendas owned by Friars
political reform.
11. The Guardia Civil
Execution of Rizal
Jose Rizal was executed by a firing squad on
December 30, 1896, for his involvement

Legal Basis of Rizal Law
Enactment
Republic Act No. 1425, also known as the
 Hero means a prominent or central
Rizal Law, was signed into law on June 12,
1956, by then-President Ramon Magsaysay.
The law was sponsored by Senator Jose P.
 person of distinguished valor or enterprise
Laurel.
 A man honored after death by public
Mandate
The Rizal Law mandates that all educational
institutions in the Philippines, whether public
or private, at the elementary, secondary, and
collegiate levels, should include in their
curricula the life, works, and writings of Jose
Rizal.
Rationale
The law's primary purpose is to promote and
instill a sense of patriotism and nationalism
among Filipino students. It recognizes the
importance of Jose Rizal's contributions to
Philippine history and his role as an
inspiration for the quest for independence.
Defining A Filipino
Hero
- The concept of honoring heroes came
only to the Philippines in 1900, when
the Philippine Commission approved
Act No. 137 combining the districts of
Morong and Manila to be named as
“Province of Rizal,” in honor of the most
illustrious Filipino.
What is a Hero?
personage taking an admirable part in any
remarkable action or event.
in danger, or fortitude in suffering.
worship because of exceptional service to
mankind.
On March 28, 1993, thru the President’s
Executive Order No. 75, the National Heroes
Committee was created, commissioned to
study, evaluate and recommend historical
figures to be declared as national heroes. The
Committee composed of worthy members, with
a series of discussions came up with the new
criteria.
Standards for being a "Hero"
1. First, the extent of a person’s sacrifices
for the welfare of the country.
2. Second, A hero's motives must be
selflessly focused on the welfare of the
country, and their methods of attaining
their ideals should be morally upright.
3. having a strong, untarnished moral
character without any moral issues that
compromise their ideals is essential.
4. The fourth is the influence of the
person concerned on his age and or
the succeeding age.
5. Fifth, heroes are those who, with a deep
sense of patriotism, actively pursue and
fight for their nation's freedom,
especially in the face of threats or
potential invasions.
6. Sixth is that heroes are those who
define and contribute to a system of life
of freedom and order for a nation.
7. Seventh is, heroes are those who
contribute to the quality of life and
destiny of a nation.
8. Eight, a hero is part of the people’s
expression (the citizen must have
recognized and acknowledged the
person as a hero).
9. Ninth, a hero thinks of the future,
especially the future generations, his
concern for the future generations must
be seen in his decisions and ideals).
10. Lastly, the choice of a hero involves not
only the recounting of an episode or
events in history, but of the entire
process that made this particular
person a hero.
Filipino Hero through
time
JOSE RIZAL
 Jose Rizal became the Philippine national
hero because he fought for freedom in a
silent but powerful way. He expressed his
love for the Philippines through his
novels, essays and articles rather than
through the use of force or aggression.
Why did Jose Rizal become the
national hero of the
Philippines?
Criteria
1. A hero who is not violent and militant,
and if possible, preferred peaceful means
like education
2. A hero who had no qualms on American
imperialism, and
3. A hero who is already dead
Steps done by the American
Colonial Government
1. The creation of Rizal Province
2. The erection of Rizal Monument
3. The declaration of Rizal Day on
December 30 as a public holiday
The Controversy in Rizal Law
 refers to a state of disagreement or
dispute, often characterized by opposing
viewpoints, conflicting opinions, or
competing interests.
 often involve public or societal debates,
where conflicting viewpoints are actively
discussed, argued, and contested.
List of Recommended
National Heroes ANTI-RIZAL LAW
1. Jose Rizal CHURCH
2. Andres Bonifacio
3. Emilio Aguinaldo - Inimical to the tenets of the faith to
4. Apolinario Mabini
which 170 lines in Noli Me Tangere and
5. Marcelo H del Pilar
6. Sultan Dipatuan Kudara 50 lines in El Filibusterismo were
7. Juan Luna offensive to the Church doctrine
8. Melchora Aquino
9. Gabriela Silang
PRO-RIZAL LAW SEN. FRANCISCO RODRIGO
SEN.CLARO M. RECTO
- A vast majority of our people are at the
same time Catholics and Filipino
citizens. As such, they have two great
- Senate Bill 438 Known as the Rizal Bill, loves: their country and their faith.
was authorized by Senator Claro M. These two loves are no conflicting
Recto, also known as Father of Rizal loved. They are harmonious affections,
Law
like the love of a child for his father and
for his mother. This is the basis of my
CONG. JACOBO Z. GONZALES stand. Let us not create a conflict
between nationalism and religion; the
- filed a similar bill (House Bill No. 5561) government and the church (Laurel, Jr.
in the House of Representatives 132).
PRES. JOSE P. LAUREL
- proposed a substitute bill. The inclusion
of all works and writings of Jose Rizal,
not just the two novels, was the main
feature of this bill. He then stressed the
removal of the term "compulsion" to
appease the opposition.

LECTURE 3
RIZAL’S LIFE: Higher
Education and Life
Abroad
Ateneo De Manila
- Ateneo was renowned as the most
prestigious boys' college for its
exceptional teachings.
- From 1872 to 1877, Rizal studied at
Ateneo de Manila under the guidance
of Jesuit priests.
- Initially, Rizal attended Ateneo
Municipal (formerly Escuela Pia).
- Rizal's father considered sending him
to Letran for high school but
ultimately chose to enroll him in
Ateneo instead.
- Rizal took the entrance exam at
Colegio de San Juan de Letran on
June 10, 1872, accompanied by his
brother Paciano.
- Entrance exams for boys' colleges
were held at Letran because the
Dominicans oversaw Ateneo at the
time.
- Initially denied admission to Ateneo
due to late registration and physical
stature, Rizal was later accepted with
the help of Manuel Burgos.
- He used "Jose Rizal" as his name at
Ateneo to avoid scrutiny due to his
family's ties to the secularization
movement.
- Rizal's first professor was Father
Jose Bech, and he organized his
studies to excel academically.
- The Ateneo education focused on
"Ad Majorem Dei Gloriam" (For the
Greater Glory of God).
- Rizal passed his oral examination in
1877, earning a Bachiller en Artes
degree with top honors.
- He excelled academically, using his
time in boarding school to
outperform Spanish classmates.
- He was mentored by Father Pablo
Pastells, S.J., and was active in the
Academy of Spanish Literature and
the Academy of Natural Sciences,
prestigious organizations for
literature and science enthusiasts.
STA. ISABELA COLLEGE
 Rizal received private lessons at
Santa Isabel College to become
proficient in Spanish and improve his
poetry writing skills.
 Father Francisco Paula de Sanchez
guided Rizal in developing his poetry
skills.
 Rizal wrote poems on religion,
education, and childhood
experiences, which helped him
mature emotionally and develop
patriotic sentiments.
 During his free time, Rizal took
painting lessons from Agustin Saez
and sculpture lessons from Teodoro
Romualdo de Jesus.
 He sculpted the images of the Virgin
Mary and the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
 Father Jose Villaclara, S.J.
encouraged Rizal to also focus on the
sciences and philosophy to broaden
his knowledge.
LITERATURE FOR RIZAL
- The first poem that Rizal wrote as a
student was entitled Mi Primera
Inspiracion (My First Inspiration). This
poem was dedicated to his mother
during her birthday, but according to
some, this was a work of his cousin.
UNIVERSITY OF
STO.TOMAS
  Rizal completed his Bachiller en
Artes at Ateneo and decided to
pursue higher education at a
university.
 Doña Teodora was initially against
this decision due to fear of her son's
safety, but Don Francisco sent Rizal
to UST, the Dominican University of
the Philippines.
 Rizal was uncertain about his course
of study, with suggestions including
priesthood, farming, literature, law,
or medicine.
 Paciano discouraged Rizal from
studying law due to political
conditions in the country.
 Rizal began his freshman year at
UST at the age of 16, majoring in
Philosophy but taking courses in
Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy,
and History of Philosophy.
 He also studied surveying at Ateneo,
excelling in the course but being
unable to practice the profession due
to his age.
 Rizal received the title for his
excellence in surveying on
November 25, 1881.
 After his first year, Rizal changed his
course to Medicine to fulfill his goal
of curing his mother's eyesight
failure.
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT UST
 Rizal's performance at UST was not
as outstanding as his achievements at
Ateneo.
 Factors contributing to his
unhappiness at UST included
Dominican professors' attitudes,
racial discrimination against Filipino
students, and dissatisfaction with
UST's teaching methods.
 Rizal's scholastic records indicated
his lack of interest in a medical
course, with average grades in
medical subjects.
 His true vocation was in the arts.
 Rizal's distractions in Manila
included romantic interests, starting
with Segundina Katigbak.
 He also courted Leonor Valenzuela
and Leonor Rivera, his first cousin.
 Rizal's busy social life and
involvement in activities like gang
fights, parties, and cutting classes
affected his academic performance.
LIBERALISM AND LITERARY WORKS
 Liberal ideas were significantly
introduced in Manila owing to the
culmination of the Spanish Civil
Wars, the opening of Suez Canal,
and the availability of the Philippines
to world trade.
 Filipino students were heavily
influenced by the entry of these ideas
and were exposed to the significant
revolutions of 19th century in the
country such as: revolution against
monasticism; human reason against
the comforting certitudes of the
catechism; and race and nation
against inequality and subjection.
 To support the production of
literary works in Manila, the Liceo
Artistico Literario de Manila, an
organization of art lovers in the
city, initiated regular competitions
in literary writing.
 •Rizal joined the contests to prove
that the Filipinos can be equal and
even surpass the Spaniards in
literary prowess.
 • Sponsored by the association in
1879 and 1880, his works, A La
Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino
Youth) and El Consejo de los
Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
were recognized as the best entry
in the competition.
LITERARY WORKS
A La Juventud Filipina
- This poem won the grand prize in the
contest wherein Rizal received a silver
quill for sharing his talent in poetry.
- A La Juventud Filipina was considered a
great work in Philippine literature for
the following reasons: one, the Spanish
authorities noticed that it was the first
best poem in Spanish written by a
Filipino; and two, it showed that the
Filipinos were the fair hope of the
motherland — a nationalistic concept
that portrayed Rizal’s love for the
country. In his piece, he clearly
mentioned that Philippines is his
motherland, Mi Patria.

- In the poem, he stated that the youth is,
“THE FAIR HOPE OF THE MOTHERLAND”
(La Bella Esperanza de la Patria Mia).
El Consejo de Los Dioses
- This is one of Rizal’s entry in the literary
contest of 1880. The poem was
announced as the best entry in the
competition that year. However, the
jury knew that its author was a Filipino
so they decided to confer the grand
prize to a Spaniard. Even though Rizal
did not receive the best award, he had
proven that Filipinos can compete with
other races in a fair play irrespective of
the superiority of the Spaniards.
Junto Al Pasig
This is the most passionate poem about
the Philippines written by Rizal.
- Warm and beautiful like a houri
from heaven, Gracious and pure
like the rising dawn When it
colors the sapphire clouds, There
sleeps a goddess of the Indian soil.
- The light foam of the sonorous sea
Kisses her feet with a lover’s
desire; The civilized West adores
her smile, And the white Pole her
flowered veil.
- My muse, stuttering with
tenderness, Sings to her among the
naiads and undines; I offer her my
happiness and fortune.
- With green myrtle and purple
patriot general of the Jews. Rizal is
the president of this secret society
and Galiciano Apacible was the
secretary.
Compañerismo
- Rizal’s activism was also expressed in
his disapproval of the faulty and
outmoded system of education in the
university during his time
- He condemned the humiliation of
brown Filipino students, who were
most of the time insulted by their
Dominican mentors.
- He also criticized the archaic method
of instruction at UST.

- At the request of the Jesuits, Rizal

roses And Madonna lilies crown - He ridiculously described the
her pure brow, O artists, and sing teaching of Physics devoid of
wrote a one-act play and was staged at the praises of the Philippines! laboratory experiments.
Ateneo in celebration of the Feast Day
of Immaculate Conception on - Favoritism and skin color were bases
December 8. The play was essentially
ACTIVISM AT UST for getting the good grades.
considered as continuation of Rizal’s
 Rizal stood as a leader in student
appeal to the Filipino youth to rebuke
activism when he was studying
EXPERIENCING SPANISH
foreign individuals for causing them
misery.
philosophy and medicine in UST. BRUTALITY
 Rizal, being the front-runner, was
Filipinas Dento de Cien Anos recognized for winning the brawls
because of his determination and
- In February 1880, Rizal wrote a sonnet skills in fencing and wrestling.
dedicated to the Philippines that aimed
 There was also a time that Rizal was
wounded due to a fight with the
RIZAL’S LIFE
at encouraging Filipino artists to thank
the country through their art works.

Spanish students of Escolta, Manila.
“Compañerismo” - The members ABROAD
were called Companions of Jehu, the
BARCELONA
 Left Calamba on May 1, 1882.
 Left Manila on May 3, 1882.
 He went to Europe.
 He wanted to make a name for
himself in the field of journalism.
 Paciano help Rizal leave the country.
 Arrived at the city of Barcelona on
June 16,1882.
 A celebration at Plaza de Cataluna.
 It was published in the Diariong
Tagalog in Manila on August 20,
1882 using the screen name Laong
Laan.
 It portray the purest, most noble and
courageous human sentiment. It
reminds us of the love, affection and
gratitude to the Philippines. Other
forms of sacrifices can be read in the
article such as the fathers who gave
up their children for the sake of the
country.
Circulo Hispano Filipino
 It was published in two texts —
Spanish and Tagalog. The Spanish
text was the one originally written
by Rizal in Barcelona, the Tagalog
text was a Tagalog translation
made by Marcelo H. Del Pilar.
MADRID
 September 1882 - Rizal moved to
Madrid to continue his studies.
 November 3, 1882 - Enrolled at the
Universidad Central de Madrid and
took up Philosophy and Letters in
Medicine.
 Rizal studied painting and sculpture
at Academy of San Carlos.
 He took lessons in French, German
and English under private instructors
at the Madrid Ateneo.
 He practiced fencing and shooting at
the Hall of Arms in Sanz y
Carbonell.
 June 21,1884 - Rizal finished his
medical education. He was conferred
the degree of Licentiate in Medicine.
 The next year, he passed all his
subjects leading to Doctors of
Medicine.
 June 1885 - Degree of Licentiate in
Philosophy and Letters by the
Universidad Central de Madrid with
the rating of Excellent
(Sobresaliente.)
 It is an association formed by
Filipino students in Spain composed
of both Filipinos and Spaniards to
create reforms for the Philippines.
They conducted informal programs,
which included poetry reading and
debates.
 Juan Atayde - a retired army
officer and a Philippine-born
Spaniard.
 Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me for
Verses) — a poem which showed
sadness of the son of art who lived
on aplace away from his origin.
 March 1883 — He joined the
Masonic Lodge called Acacia in
Madrid with the masonic name
DIMASALANG. His reason for was
to secure Freemasonry's aid in his
fight for the Philippines.
 November 1883 — He transferred to
Lodge Solidaridad, where he become
a Master Mason.
PARIS
 Rizal went to Paris in order to
specialize in Ophthalmology even
though he is a a full-pledged surgeon
on November 1885.
 He posted in Luna's canvas like,
"The Blood Compact" in which he
posed as Sikatuna and Trinidad as
Legazpi.
 He also posed for a group picture
called "The Death of Cleopatra"
wherein he dressed as an Egyptian.
GERMANY
 February 1, 1886- He left Paris to
Germany.
 February 3, 1886- Rizal arrived in
Heidelberg — a historic city in
Germany, famous for its old
university and romantic
surroundings.
 He worked at the under the
supervision of University Eye
Hospital, DR. OTTO BECKER -
distinguished renowned German
Opthalmologist.
 During his stay in Heidelberg, he
lived with a Protestant pastor Dr.
Karl Ullmen, who became his good
friend.
 “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To
the Flowers of Heidelberg) this was
written during his stay in the city of
Heidelberg.
 November 1886- Rizal arrived in
Berlin. He was enchanted by the
scientific atmosphere and the
absence of racial prejudice in Berlin.
Through his friend, Ferdinand
Blumentritt Rizal met;
 Dr. Feodor Jagor, great scientist
and author of "Travels in the
Philippines", one of the books Rizal
admired during his student days.
 Dr. Rudolf Virchow known to be
the Father of Modern Pathology
RIZAL’S REASONS IN
STAYING IN BERLIN
 1. To gain further knowledge in
Ophthalmology;
 2. To improve further his studies
of sciences and languages;
 3. To observe the economic and
political conditions of the German
nation;
 4. To associate with famous
German scientists and scholars;
 5.To publish his novel, Noli Me
Tangere.
NOLI ME TANGERE (PUBLISHED
IN BERLIN, 1887)
Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not)
 It is the first novel which tackled the
society and government in the
Philippines during the Spanish
colonization.
 He discussed herein how the friars
deceived the Filipinos and made
them blindly believe in the practices
of religion.
 this novel was taken from the gospel
of St. John from the New Testament.
 The novel was published through the
financial help of Rizal’s friend
Maximo Viola.
RETURNED TO CALAMBA
 On August 8, he returned to
Calamba.
 In Calamba, Rizal established a
medical clinic.
 News of the arrival of a great doctor
from Germany spread far and wide
 He was called "Doctor Ulliman"
because he came from Germany.
 Rizal suffered one failure during his
six months of sojourn in Calamba.
Farewell Philippines
On February 3, 1888 Rizal left his
country with a heavy heart. But this is for
his own good and the safety of his family
and friends.
Rizal's reasons for leaving the
Philippines
 His presence in Calamba was
jeopardizing the safety and happiness
of his family and friends.
 He could not fight better his enemies
and serve his country's cause with
greater efficacy by writing in foreign
countries.
TRIP TO HONGKONG
 Rizal arrived in Hong Kong on
February 8,1888.
 His fellow Filipinos namely Jose
Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio and
Manuel Yriarte, who were all exiled
in 1872, met Rizal.
 In Hong Kong, he was able to study
the Chinese language, Chinese drama
and theater, Chinese cultures and
Chinese values. Rizal even became
friends with
 Rizal arrived in Hong Kong on
February 8,1888.
 His fellow Filipinos namely Jose
Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio and
Manuel Yriarte, who were all exiled
in 1872, met Rizal.
 In Hong Kong, he was able to study
the Chinese language, Chinese drama
 and theater, Chinese cultures and
Chinese values. Rizal even became
friends with some Spaniards that
were based in Hong Kong.
TRIP TO JAPAN
 Rizal arrived in Yokohama, Japan
and stayed at Tokyo Hotel on
February 28, 1888 for a few days.
 During his stay in Japan, he studied
the Japanese language or Nippongo,
Japanese culture, theatres, martial
arts and visited Japanese provinces.
Rizal appreciated the cleanliness,
politeness, and industry of the
Japanese.
 Rizal then met O-Sei-San and their
romance began when he lived at the
Spanish legation. They became
friends and later on developed to
become lovers
TRIP TO US
April 28, 1888
 the entire boat was quarantined
May 4, 1888
 some passengers were allowed to
disembark
TRIP TO LONDON
 He left New York City on May 16,
1888 and arrived in Liverpool,
England on May 24.
 He was welcomed by Dr. Antonio  He finished his second novel El Fili
Ma. Regidor on May 25, 1888. on March 29,1891.
Reasons why Rizal chose to live in LIFE IN HONGKONG
London
 On November 20,1891, he arrived in
Hong Kong
 to enhance his knowledge on the
 He started to write the constitution of
English language
La Liga Filipina, through the help of
 to have further study on Antonio
Jose Ma. Basa
Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas
 Rizal went back to the Philippines on
Filipinas
June 26, 1892.
 to continue to write for La
 Rizal was captured and brought to
Solidaridad
Fort Santiago on July 6, 1892
 he transferred and became a boarder
of the Beckett family.
 On December 1888, he first met the
leaders of the Propaganda
Movement
 Rizal founded the Kidlat Club, the
Indios Bravos, and the R.D.L.M.
(Redencion de los Malayos)
 Rizal published Por Telefono
IN BRUSSELS, BELGIUM
 On January 28, 1890, Rizal left
Paris for Brussels and was
accompanied by Jose Alberto
 Rizal cannot focus on writing his
second novel El Filibusterismo
 Rizal received a news that his family
and relatives were forced to leave
 The Asociacion Hispano Filipino
was formed, led by Dr. Miguel
Morayta
 On February 1891, Rizal arrived in
Biarritz, France.
  Rizal’s father was born on May 11,
1818 and was the youngest of his 13
siblings.
 Mercado was a well-respected man
in their home town of Calamba in
which citizens made him the their
"cabeza de barangay.
TEODORA ALONSO (1827-1913)
where he rose up to the ranks of a
General.
NARCISA RIZAL(1852-1939)
Narcisa Rizal Lopez was born in 1852 and was
the one who found the unmarked grave of her
brother, Jose in the abandoned Old Paco
Cemetery.

 Doña Teodora Alonso was born on

November 14, 1827 in Santa Cruz
LECTURE 4 Manila.
 She was known to be a hardworking,
RIZAL`S LIFE: intelligent, business minded woman. OLYMPIA RIZAL (1855-1887)
 Second child of Lorenzo Alonso and
Family, Childhood, and Early Education Brijida de Quintos Olympia Rizal Ubaldo was born in 1855. She
married Silvestre Ubaldo and together they had
SATURNINA MERCADO RIZAL three children. She died in 1887 from childbirth
HIDALGO (1850-1913) when she was only 32 years old
FAMILY OF RIZAL
 Saturnina Mercado Rizal Hidalgo LUCIA RIZAL (1857-1919)
 The Rizal family was known to be was born in 1818 and was the eldest
well-off family in Calamba, Laguna sister of Jose Rizal. Lucia Rizal Herbosa was born in 1857. She
 She had five children together with married Mariano Herbosa and had 5 children
husband Manuel T. Hidalgo and died together. In 1889 Mariano died due to an
 They lived a life of comfort and
the same year as her mother in 1913. epidemic but was denied a Christian burial.
prosperity, then considered that his
family belonged to the principalia
PACIANO MERCADO RIZAL (1850- JOSEFA RIZAL (1865-1945)
class or the ruling elite of their town.
1913)
Josefa Rizal was born in 1865. She was
 Father: Don Francisco Mercado II
unmarried lived together with sister Trinidad
 General Paciano Mercado Rizal aka
until death. Josefa was said to have suffered
 Mother: Teodora Alonso Realonda. "Lolo Ciano" was the only brother of
from epilepsy. She died in 1945.
Jose Rizal.
DON FRANCISCO RIZAL MERCADO  He was born in 1851 and studied in
MARIA CRUZ RIZAL (1859-1945)
(1818-1898) Biñan later attending school at the
Colegio de San Jose in Manila.
 Maria Cruz Rizal was born in 1855.
 After the execution of his brother, he
She married Daniel Faustino Cruz of
joined in the Philippine Revolution
 Biñan, Laguna and together they had
5 children.
one of Maria's children became a

student of Jose Rizal in Dapitan and
was known to be one of his uncle's
favorites.
TRINIDAD RIZAL (1868-1951)
Trinidad was the one who received an alcohol
lamp from brother Jose, in which he secretly hid
the "Last Farewell" better known as "Mi
Ultimo Adios," a poem Rizal wrote on the eve
of his death in 1896
SOLEDAD RIZAL (1870-1929)
Soledad Rizal Quintero was born in 1870 making
her the youngest of the Rizal siblings. She
married Pantaleon Quintero and together they
had 5 children. Soledad died in 1929.
The Childhood of Rizal
Garden of stories
- He could not forget the times when
the family stayed in the garden with
the nipa cottage made by his father to
exchange stories.
The women of Rizal’s childhood
HIS MOTHER
HIS AYA
HIS SISTERS
At the Age of 8
The daily family prayer during Angelus
- Rizal wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa
Father Leoncio Lopez Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of
which revolves on the love of one’s
language.
- A big influence in the formation of
the child's character was his Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos
association with the parish priest of
Calamba, Father Leoncio Lopez., Early Education in Calamba and
because of his sound and clear Biñan
judgements.
- Maestro Celestino and Maestro
Lucas Padua.
As a young boy Rizal witnessed how his
 An old man named Leon Monroy, a
former classmate of Rizal’s father.
town mates were tortured, treated rudely
and brutally by the Spanish officials and the
Guardia Civil  Uncle Manuel Alberto
Early Education  Uncle Gregorio
At the Age of 3 - After Monroy’s death, Rizal’s
parents decided to send their son to a
- Rizal learned the alphabet from his private school in Biñan.
mother.
Paciano Rizál Mercado y Alonso Realonda
At the Age of 5
First Day in Biñan School
- While learning to read and write,
- Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz.
Rizal already showed inclinations to
be an artist. He astounded his family
and relatives by his pencil drawings  Rizal met the bully, Pedro. Rizal,
who was angry at this bully for
and sketches and by his moldings of
clay. making fun of him.
 Rizal having learned the art of
wrestling from his athletic Tio
Manuel, defeated the bigger boy.

- After class, a classmate named

Andres Salandanan challenged him
to an arm-wrestling match. Rizal
having the weaker arm, lost and
nearly cracked his head on the
sidewalk.