Spanish Colonialism

was founded on the exploration and exploitation of new lands and

resources and grew rapidly in size and power.
 Spanish Colonies
Argentina El Salvador Mexico
Belgium Equatorial Guinea Morocco
Belize Florida (US) Nicaragua
Bolivia Guam Panama
California (US) Guatemala Paraguay
Chile Haiti Peru
Colombia Honduras Puerto Rico
Costa Rica Italy The Netherlands
Cuba Jamaica The Philippines
Dominican Republic Louisiana Trinidad and Tobago
Ecuador Luxembourg Uruguay
Venezuela
https://www.worldatlas.com/geography/the-former-spanish-colonies.html
 1. How was the
Filipinos during the
Spanish period?
 The Evils of
Colonial Rule During
The
Spanish Period
 The Evils of
Colonial Rule
5. No Equality Before The Law
6. Maladministration of Justice
7. Racial Discrimination
8.Frailocracy / Secularization of Filipino
Priests
 The Evils of
Colonial Rule
9. Forced Labor and High Taxes
10. Haciendas Were Owned by the
Friars and Spanish Officials
11.The abuses of Guardia Civil,
Church Officials and Political Leaders.
 1. The Instability of the Government

• After 1821, Spain lost its richest colonies in

Mexico and Latin America, and its empire went
down to only three small colonies - the Philippines,
Puerto Rico, and Cuba.
• Spain entered a period of political instability and
civil wars erupted. The anti-monarchy wars spread
throughout the empire and caused great
confusion.
 1. The Instability of the Government
• The instability of Spanish politics since
the turbulent reign of King Ferdinand VII
(1808-1833) marked the beginning of
political chaos in Spain.
• From 1849 to 1898, the country was
ruled by 44 governor generals , an
King Ferdinand VII average of 1 year and 3 months per
term.
 2. Corrupt Spanish officials
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• General Rafael de Izquierdo

(1871-1873) , a boastful and
ruthless governor general. He
ordered the execution of
GomBurZa.
 2. Corrupt Spanish officials
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• General Rafael de Izquierdo

(1871-1873) , a boastful and
ruthless governor general. He
ordered the execution of
GomBurZa.

GomBurZa
 2. Corrupt Spanish officials
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• Admiral Jose Malcampo

(1874-1877), a good Moro
fighter but was an inept and
weak administrator.
 2. Corrupt Spanish officials
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• General Fernando Primo de

Rivera (1880-1883) and *(1897-
1898)
He enriched himself by accepting
bribes from gambling casinos in
Manila in which he scandalously
permitted to operate.
 2. Corrupt Spanish officials
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• General Valeriano Weyler

(1888-1891)
a corrupt governor general who
arrived in Manila as a poor man and
return to Spain as a millionaire. The
Filipinos called him “tyrant” because
of his brutal persecution of Calamba
tenants like the family of Rizal.
 2. Corrupt Spanish officials
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• General Camilo de Polavieja

(1896-1897), an able militarist
but heartless governor general,
was widely detested by the
Filipino people for executing Dr.
Jose Rizal.
 3. No Philippine Representation in the Spanish
Cortes
For the Spanish to win the support of her oversees colonies, they granted
them representation in the Cortes.

• 1810-1813 was the first period of

Philippine representation and it turned
out with a beneficial results.
• The Spanish Cortes was abolished in
1837, there was no means by which
the Filipino people could expose the
anomalies by the colonial officials.
 3. No Philippine Representation in the Spanish
Cortes
For the Spanish to win the support of her oversees colonies, they granted
them representation in the Cortes.

• Graciano Lopez Jaena and his

compatriots pleaded for the country’s
representation in Spanish Cortes, but it
was ignored.
• Until the end of Spanish rule in 1898,
representation of Spanish Cortes was
never restored.
 3. No Philippine Representation in the Spanish
Cortes
For the Spanish to win the support of her oversees colonies, they granted
them representation in the Cortes.

• Ventura de los Reyes-first Philippine

delegate who took active part in
framing 1812 Constitution.
• His another achievement is the
abolition of Galleon Trade.
 4. Human Rights Denied to the Filipinos
Constitutional liberties in Spain were denied to the Filipinos.

• The people of Spain enjoyed

freedom of speech, of press
,association and other human
rights but it was denied to the
Filipinos.
 SOCIAL CLASSES DURING SPANISH PERIOD
Peninsulares
Insulares
Mestizo
Native
Filipinos
Indios
5. No Equality Before The Law
The law was only for the white Spaniards.

• Spanish missionaries regarded

the brown skinned Filipinos as
inferior beings.
• The Filipinos were abused,
brutalized, persecuted and
slandered by their Spanish
masters.
 6. Maladministration of Justice
They were courts of “injustice” as the brown Filipinos concerned.

• Justice was costly, partial and

slow.
• Poor Filipinos had no access to
the courts because they could
not afford the heavy expenses
of litigation.
• Litigation in court is a calamity.
 7. Racial Discrimination
Spaniards or Mestizo was always enjoyed political and social prestige in the
community.

• Spanish called the brown

skinned and flat nose Filipinos
as Ïndios”.
• Father Jose Burgos complained
on the lack of opportunities for
educated young Filipinos in the
service of God and country.
 8. Frailocracy / Secularization of Filipino
Priests
The friars controlled the religious and educational life of the Philippines.
• The friars practically ruled the
Philippines through a façade of
civil government.
• Aside from priestly duties, the
friar was also the supervisor of
local elections, inspector of
schools and taxes and arbiter of
morals.
 9. Forced Labor and High Taxes
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• Polo Y Servicio , compulsory

labor of males ages 16-60 years
old for 40 days.
• One can be exempted by paying
“falla”
• In 1884, the number of days
were reduced in 15 days.
 9. Forced Labor and High Taxes
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• Polo Y Servicio , compulsory

labor of males ages 16-60 years
old for 40 days.
• One can be exempted by paying
1and half reales as “falla”
• In 1884, the number of days
https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=
2242104102667763&set=pcb.2242104
226001084
were reduced in 15 days.
Puente de Malagonlong photo ,Tayabas Quezon
By Marianosayno – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0
 10. Haciendas Were Owned by the Friars and Spanish
Officials
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• Spanish friars were the richest

landlords because they owned
the best haciendas (agricultural
lands.)
• Friars were recognized as legal
owners of said lands because
they obtained royal titles from
the Spanish crown.
 11. The abuses of Guardia Civil, Church Officials and
Political Leaders
Many of the officials were corrupt, incompetent, cruel, and venal (sinful).

• Both officers (Spaniards)

and men (Natives) were ill-
trained and undisciplined
unlike the Guardia Civil in
Spain who were respected
and well-liked by populace.
"I want to show to those
who deprive people the
right to love of country,
that when we know how to
sacrifice ourselves for our
duties and convictions,
death does not matter if
one dies for those one
loves—for his country and
for others dear to him.“
 02 Task 01

1. Why do we have to learn and know the unhappy

conditions during Rizal’s time?
2. Do you think some of these unhappy conditions
during the 19th century still exist today? Elaborate
your answer.