Background on the Socio -

Political situation of the Visitador

Philippines during Rizal's
✓ Visited the country to check the
times. administration of the Governor General

Residencia

Objectives: ✓ Lived in the Philippines to observe the

• Social Structure Governor General
• Political System Provincial Government
• Educational System
• Economic Development in the Philippines Alcalde Mayor
Spain and the Philippines in Rizal's Time ✓ The head in the provincial level.
• Spanish rule was imposed in the
✓ He had the power and resposibilities like
Philippines by Conquest.
the Governor General but its power. was
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi - he established limited in the province.
the first Spanish settlement in 1565 in Cebu
Municipal Government
• Before the conquest, the Filipino's had
Governadorcillo
their own indigenous culture and their own
government, the barangay - headed by a ✓ his power and resposibilities was the
native chieftain called "datu". same as the Governor General, however, his
power was limited only in the town or
• The Philippines became a colony of Spain
pueblo.
and a belong to the king of Spain
✓ He also had the power of indulto de
Political Condition
comercio or the power of Gobernadorcillo to
•The Spanish Colonial government in the into trading.
Philippines ran indirectly through the viceroy
Bario Government
of the Spain in Mexico.
Cabeza de Barangay
National Government
✓ He is the head of Barangay
Gevernor General
✓ The Filipino was allowed to assume the
✓ He is the chief executive in the whole
position of Governadorcillo and Cabeza de
archipelago
Barangay only, and only given to a pilipino
✓ He is the head of state and church. male, 23 years old, educated and had of
property 500 pesos.
✓ He is the commander-in-chief of the
military

✓He had the power of complace.

The Supremacy of the Friars over the
Colonial Goverment
• The different religous orders had the great
contribution in the establishment of the
Spanish colonial government in the country.
• The regular priests (sparish priests) were
able to dominate the control in different
parishes and had power to get the parishes
from the secular ( Filipino priests).
Corrupt Spanish Officials
General Rafael de Izquierdo (1871-1872)
• a boastful and ruthless governor general,
aroused the anger of the • Filipinos by
executing the Father's mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos and Jacinto zamora, the
Martyrs of 1872" also knows as
"GOMBURZA"."
Admiral Jose Maicampo (1874-1877)
• a good Moro figther but was inept and
weak administrator.
General Fernando Primo de Rivera (1880-
1883) and (1897-1898)
• a governor general for two terms, enriched
himself by accepting bribes gambling
casinos in Manila which he scandalously
permitted to operate.
General Valeriano Weyler (1888-1891)
• a cruel and corrupt governor general of
Hispanic - German ancestry, arrived in
Manila a poor man and returned to Spain a
millionaire.
✓ the Filipino Scornfully called him "tyrant"
(malupit)
✓(1898-1901 in Cuba) the Cubans cursed
him as "The Butcher" (walang awang
pangkikitil ng Buhay)
General Camile de Putra Polavieja (1896-
1897)
• an able militarist but heartless governor
general, was widely detested by the Filipino
people for executing Dr. Jose Rizal.
Philippine Representation in the Spanish
Comet Cortes
• The first period of the Philippines to
representantion in the Spanish Cortes (1810
-1813) was pritful with the beneficient
resuts for the welfare of the colthy. How
every the second period of representation
(1834-1837) were less fruitful in"
parliamentary work.
• The representation of the overseas
Colories including the Philippines in the
Spanish Cortes was abolished in 1637.
Since then, Philipines conditions worsened.
Socio-cultural Condition
• The Spaniards imposed new social
stratification which discriminates the
natives in their own land.
• Peninsulares - the highest class, Spanish
born in Spanish and live in the Philippines.
• Insulares - Spanish born in the philippines
ruled
• Creoles - the third class, they are the mix
blood on combination of Spanish and
Filipino.
✓ Illustrador - the well educated pilipino
✓ Principalia - the land owners.
• Indios - the last class, the unfortunate and
discriminated class in the society

Prailocracy / Secularization of the Filipino
Priests
• "Frailocracy" (Frailocracia)- the Spanish
political philosophy of union of Church and
state
• The friars (Augustinians, Dominicans and
Franciscans) controlled the religns and
educational life of the phi in the of the
Philippines, and later in the 19th century
they came to acquire fromendous political
power, Influences and riches.
Roles of Friars
• Supervisor of the local election on
• Inspector of schools and taxes
• Superintendent of the public
Educational System During The Spanish
Regime
• The religion is still the center of the
educational system imposed by the
Spaniards
• Girls and boys have separate schools and
they also have dipperent curriculums
For male in secondary education:
1. Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio - 1589
2. College of San Idelfonso - 1599
3. Ateneo de Municipal - 447 1817
• The curriculum for Male includes: Spanish
history, Latin, Philosophy, Canon, Civil law,
Rhetoric.
For female in secondary, education:
1. Colegios of Santa Potenciara - 1591
2. Sta. Isabel-1632
3. Santa Catalina de Sena-1696
4. Sta. Rita College-1719
5. Colegio de la Inmaculada Conception
Concordia- 1868
•The Curriculum For females Includes:
Rules of Courtesy, Vocal music, language
and sewing. (Show respect to others)
• The educational system is also used to
pacify the pilipino and train them in
Catholicism and to follow laws imposed by
the Spaniards
• The Department of Education during
Spanish not provide enough books and
other instructional materials needed for the
quality education.
• The parochial schools were established
with Spanish missionaries as a teachers
• The students were taught in the native
dialects although there was a law requiring
the children to be taught in Spanish.
• Religion was the most important subject
• At the end of the Spanish period, the
University of Santo Tomas was the only
institution Of University level in Manila. It
was established in 1611 solely for the
Spaniards and mestizos
The Educational Decree of 1863
•December 20, 1863
•Each major town in the Philippines should
establish at least one primary school for
boys and another por girls, and the medium
of instruction is Spanish..
Economic Condition
•To solve the issue of the governance,
Legazpi converted the land of the indios into
the encomienda
•The word encomienda comes from the
Spanish encomendar which means "entrust".
• The encomienda is a grant of inhabitants
living in a particular conquered territory
which Spain colonizer as a reward for his
services.
Encomendero Duties.
✓ Right to collect faxes.
✓ Monitor the peace and order
✓ Govern the land
• Not allowed to live in his encomienda to
avoid direct communication with natives
• Soon converted into hacienda
3 Types of Encomienda
•Royal - the taxes will go to king of Spain.
•Ecclesiastical - taxes will go to the church.
•Privado - the encomienda given to the
friend of the king who had contribution for
the colonization.
They abolished the encomienda and
convert the land into haciendas.
Hacienda Owned by the prars and Spanish
Officials.
•The Spanish friars belonging to different
religous orders were the richest land lords,
for they owned the best hacienda
(Agricultural lands in the Philippines)
•The rural folks, who had been living in
these haciendas and cultivating them
generation after generation became tenants.
Haciendaero
Plantation owner, farm owner.
Inquilino
• is a laborer indebted to a landlord who
allows him to form a farm in parts of his
property (usually in the marginal lands to
keep away intruders) and who in exchange
works without pay for the landlord.
• A person who held a near-hereditary lease
on agricultural land in the Spanish
Philippines.:
• Many inquilinos were Chinese mestizos
who, by intermarriage with members of the
hereditary chiefly class, the principalia, had
come to constitute a rural upper class,
especially in Central Luzon by the late
nineteenth century. Their wealth not only
assured them a reliable body of
farmworkers and followers but also enabled
them to send their sons to study law and
medicine in Manila or overseas.
The national hero of the Philippine
Revolution (1896-1898), José Rizal (1861-
1896), executed by the Spaniards in 1896,
came from just such a family background.
The Abuses of Guardia Civil, Church
Officials and Political Leaders
➤ Guardia Civil (constabulary)- the last
hated symbol of Spanish tyranny which was
created by the Royal Decree of February 12,
1852.
It was amended by another Royal Decree on
March 24, 1888, for the purpose of
maintaining internal peace and order in the
Philippines.
It was patterned after the famous and well-
disciplined Guardia Civil in Spain.
THE DIFFERENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC
POLICIES IMPOSED BY THE SPANIADS
1. REDUCCION
This policy was implemented so that the
government and parish priest could easily
monitor the natives and for the easy
conversion to Catholicism.
2. BANDALA
The natives are obliged to sell their
products to the Spaniards.
3. POLO Y SERVICIOS
4. ΤΑΧΑΤΙΟΝ
• CEDULA male and female 18 years and
above will pay every year for the Cedula.
• SANCTORUM tax for the church.
• DONATIVO DE ZAMBOANGA a tax
specifically used for the conquest of Jolo.
• TRIBUTE It may be paid in cash or in kind.
5. THE TRIBUTE (BUWIS) OR TRIBUTO
• Miguel Lopez de Legazpi was first to order
the payment of tribute. His successors .
followed the practice.
• The Tribute or Buwis was collected from
the natives both in cash (gold or money)
and in kind(e.g. rice, cloth, chicken, coconut
oil, abaca etc.)
• The king of Spain preferred the payment of
gold, but the natives paid largely in kind.
6. GALLEON TRADE
• This trading policy changed the system of
free trading in the Philippines where in the
other nationalities like the Chinese are free
to exchange their goods with the Filipinos
who had extra goods.

• The forced labor of all Filipino males from • BOLETAS- the ticket for Galleon trade
16 to 60 years old for 40- day periods.

• The word polo refers to community work,

and the laborer was called polista.

• The only way to avoid being forced to do

polo y Servicios was to pay the falla.

• In 1884, the forty days of forced labor was

reduced to 15 days