BAHASA INGGRIS

TUGAS : MEMBUAT BERITA KE

DALAM BENTUK BAHASA
INGGIS
NAMA : MAWAR RIDA SARI
KELAS : XII – IPS
NAMA
SEKOLAH : MA NURUL IMAN
ALAMAT : BASARANG KM 3,5
 MALANG KANJURUHAN TRAGEDY AND TEAR GAS

Jakarta (ANTARA) - There have been at least eight deadly incidents inside football stadiums that
were preceded by panic over the use of tear gas to quell violent supporters.

The eight incidents were Peru in 1964 which killed 318 people, Tripoli in 1968 which killed 30
people, Haiti in 1976 which killed six people, Brazil in 1985 which killed three people, Zimbabwe
in 2000 which killed 13 people.

Then three other tragedies in South Africa, Congo and Ghana which all occurred in 2001 with
the worst in Ghana with 126 people killed.

In the case of Ghana, when the two strongest teams, Accra Hearts of Oak and Asante Kotoko,
faced off, the security forces had actually anticipated potential riots by tightening security.

However, once the match was won by Accra 2-1, Kotoko supporters were angry by throwing
stadium chairs and plastic bottles onto the pitch.

Police brought the situation under control by firing tear gas at onlookers.

But what happened later, panicked supporters spontaneously ran to avoid exposure to tear gas
and tried to get out of the stadium.

The stadium's design, which had few exits, became what the Ghana Institute of Architects
called a "death trap" after thousands of people piled up in front of the stadium's exits like a
bottle neck effect.
 126 people died because of asphyxia, which is a condition when oxygen levels in the body
decrease with one of the causes being exposure to smoke or chemicals.

The high death toll was also due to the absence of medical personnel who took care of the
victims directly, because apparently they left the stadium as soon as the riots occurred.

Immediately following this incident Ghana's President John Agyekum Kufuor declared a three-
day day of national mourning, while the country's premier league football was suspended for
one month.

Some time later an investigation concluded that the police had overreacted by recklessly firing
tear gas indiscriminately.

However, the court only stated that asphyxia was the only cause of death for the hundreds of
supporters, thus excluding the use of tear gas, which clearly made the audience panic and then
stepped on each other.

The commission of inquiry itself recommended upgrading the stadium's security system which
then pushed for the renovation of the stadium to meet FIFA standards.
 Next up: Tear gas in Kanjuruhan

Tear gas is also considered by some in Indonesia to be the trigger for the death of more than
one hundred Arema FC supporters after the chaos at the Kanjuruhan Stadium, Kepanjen,
Malang Regency, after Arema's match against Persebaya on October 1, which Persebaya won 3-
2.

This incident is still being investigated by the Indonesian authorities, while PSSI and PT Liga
Indonesia Baru immediately suspended the Indonesian Liga 1 competition and banned Arema
FC from playing at their home ground until the 2022-2023 season was over.

President Joko Widodo also ordered the incident that claimed so many victims, including
children and teenagers, to be thoroughly investigated
 Finding the cause of this incident is also a very important part, and one of the factors that
cannot be ruled out is the use of tear gas.

Commonly used

Tear gas itself is commonly used in controlling mobs turning anarchic anywhere in the world.

However, according to a number of groups, one of which is the non-profit human rights
protection organization Physicians for Human Rights, the use of tear gas must be measured
because "physical symptoms of chemical irritation (due to tear gas) often result in
disorientation that triggers a state of fear, anxiety, and panic. "

Panic attacks can go hand in hand with the onset of physical pain from tear gas.

It's everyone's instinct to get away from tear gas as quickly as possible, especially if it's
nighttime in a confined space like a football stadium.

Unlike during street demonstrations where people can easily find a place where they are not
exposed to tear gas, this is not the case in a place like a football stadium, especially when
thousands of people panic.

Tear gas is normal and legal to control the crowd, but it must be measured, especially when
dealing with a very young crowd who are easily provoked by their emotions.

Some experts say that because of the risk, including injury, there is hardly any situation that
justifies the use of tear gas to control crowds.

"One thing is for sure tear gas causes panic and chaos. Mass deaths from trampling can occur
after tear gas is used," said Ashley Parks of Bull City Psychotherapy.
 In 2015 police fired tear gas at a soccer stadium in Egypt to control a rioting crowd.

Twenty-five people died of suffocation or were trampled on as a result of panic avoiding

exposure to tear gas.

When panic hit everyone exited the stadium. The exit door also turned like a bottle neck which
later became a door of death because people became short of breath, even stepped on by
others.

Next up: FIFA bans tear gas from being used in stadiums FIFA banned

Perhaps because such incidents are common, the world football governing body (FIFA) has
banned tear gas from being used inside stadiums.

Therefore, despite the anarchism of some Indonesian football fans, many of whom are
teenagers who still need assistance, including from their parents, the panic situation due to the
use of tear gas should be a concern.

For this reason, the exact cause of this tragedy must be disclosed to the public, besides that
someone must be responsible for this incident.

This step was taken to prevent this bad event from happening again in the future so that
everyone is better prepared and more careful in their actions, including in ensuring that the
stadium is filled not to exceed its capacity.

Efforts to control violent supporters should also be understood as the duty of all parties related
to football.
 In this case, making and then consistently applying strict rules for football fans and all parties
related to supporters, including clubs, supporters' associations and league organizers, is a must.

FIFA and the governing bodies of football themselves generally impose sanctions on countries,
clubs or football associations for events related to spectator behavior.

In this way, FIFA compels clubs, national or state football associations to firmly suppress the
masses from committing violent or dishonorable acts, either by making rules that are equally
harsh on people who do mischief or by creating a friendly stadium system and environment
with physical and psychological safety.

In this perspective, the public authorities and Indonesian football must also consistently apply
the existing rules to suppress anarchism not only inside the stadium but also outside the
stadium, including convoys of supporters who damage public facilities and disturb the public
that have nothing to do with the situation at the stadium.

Indonesian football fans clearly still need education. However, the focus is certainly not on the
fans alone, because supporters are only one part of the big system of football competition.