A 

total eclipse occurs when the observer is within the umbra, an annular eclipse when the
observer is within the antumbra, and a partial eclipse when the observer is within the penumbra.
During a lunar eclipse only the umbra and penumbra are applicable, because the antumbra of the
Sun-Earth system lies far beyond the Moon. Analogously, Earth's apparent diameter from the
viewpoint of the Moon is nearly four times that of the Sun and thus cannot produce an annular
eclipse. The same terms may be used analogously in describing other eclipses, e.g., the antumbra
of Deimos crossing Mars, or Phobos entering Mars's penumbra.
The first contact occurs when the eclipsing object's disc first starts to impinge on the light
source; second contact is when the disc moves completely within the light source; third contact when
it starts to move out of the light; and fourth or last contact when it finally leaves the light source's disc
entirely.
For spherical bodies, when the occulting object is smaller than the star, the length (L) of the umbra's
cone-shaped shadow is given by: