Reasons for Flood:

The reasons for floods can be natural and unnatural caused due to human
activities. When there is excessive rainfall in river banks and coastal areas, there
is an increase in water level which leads to overflow of water into the nearby dry
land. Also, natural calamities like earthquakes cause Tsunami in oceans which
leads to flooding of lands close to beaches. In heavily populated cities, due to
congested buildings and roadways, flooding happens as there is not enough
room for water to drain. In such cases clogged drainages lead to even more
flooding of the area.

Global warming has resulted in the melting of glaciers which increase water
levels of rivers and flooding of river banks. Deforestation also plays a major role
in flooding.

Effects of Flood:
Floods cause large scale destruction to life and property. Buildings, roads and
bridges are heavily damaged. Vast acres of crops are destroyed. Arable lands
turn barren and clogged with salts. Countless homes and cattle get washed
away. All electronic and digital communication seizes. Many lives are lost. And it
does not stop there. Post flood, there is a huge risk in the spreading of water
borne diseases. Scarcity of food and basic necessities arises. On the whole,
floods cause multiple hardships and turn the livelihood of affected people upside-
down.

Common Causes of Flood:

Some of the common causes of Flooding are Heavy Rains, Overflowing Rains,
Broken Dams, Urban Drainage Basins, Storm Surges & Tsunami’s, Channels
with steep sides, lack of vegetation and melting of snow and Ice. Although the
causes of floods are varied, most of the causes can be managed if not
prevented.

Global Warming and Floods:

Another primary factor of Flood is increase in the atmospheric temperature i.e.,
Global Warming. Heating up of earth’s surface can lead to melting of ice
glaciers and ice caps which leads to the rise in sea level thereby leading to
overflowing floods in the coastal regions.