FLOODS

PRESENTED BY:
SURABHI VASUDEV
B110556EE
Climate change is likely to be perceived
through experience of extreme
weather events
Therefore, response to climate change will
perhaps happen through adaptation to
climate hazards
Important to characterize the institutional
mechanisms and structures in place for
responding to natural (and climate-related)
disasters
Scale of Disaster

Is Dependent on :
1)Lead Time Available.
2)Intensity of Hazard.
3)Duration.
4)Spatial Extent.
5)Density of Population & Assets.
6)Time of Occurrence.
7)Vulnerabilities existing in the Elements at
Risk.
Hazard X Vulnerability = Disaster
 ELEMENTS AT
RISK
People
Livestock
Rural Housing Stock
Houses Vulnerable
Crops, Trees ,
Telephone, Electric
poles
Boats, Looms, Working Implements
Personal Property
Electricity, Water and Food Supplies
Infrastructure Support
Mortality due to natural hazards
1990 - 2000
AIMS OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the
potential losses from hazards.

Assure prompt and appropriate assistance

to victims when necessary.

Achieve rapid and durable recovery.

 Role Players in Disasters
• People : Individuals, House -Holds, Volunteers

• Gram Panchayat : Sarpanch, Panchayati

Secretary, Panchayati Members

• Village Elders : Caste/Community/Religious

Leaders, Teachers, Doctors, Engineers, Retired
Army & Police Personnel

• Govt. Deptl. Officers : Agriculture, Medical,

Engineers (Housing, Roads & Buildings,
Irrigation) Revenue Department, Public Health,
Police etc. NGOs
The shore or land by or surrounding a body of
water erodes and this erosion causes waves
currents that result in a flood.
Flood disasters have been increased because of
the expansion of settlements and growth in
floodplains.
Floods could be slow or fast but usually occur
over a matter of days.
After the water eventually goes down or dries
up.
On coastal floods, low tides and high tides
makes a change in heights.
Flooding is the most worldwide natural disaster. It
occurs in every country and wherever there is
rainfall or coastal hazards.
They are most likely to happen in tropical areas and
tsunamis.
Most common floods happen around the world’s
largest/greatest rivers.
Believe it or not, smaller rivers could cause more
damage even though people don’t pay as much
attention to them.
Most Flooding occurs during the beginning of
spring.
A number of criteria determine the dangers of a flood. The
University of Wisconsin have came up with the
following criteria such as depth of water, duration,
velocity, rate of rise, frequency or occurrence, and
seasonal.
 Velocity- high velocities of flow create erosive forces
and can do things like destroy foundations.
 Depth of Water- floatation, failures on foundation,
vegetation survival, etc..
 Rate of Rise- is the rate at which the water level
increases.
 Seasonal- the land during growing season, the effects
on agriculture production and other things like that.
 Coastal
Floods
 Arroyos

Floods
 River Floods
 Urban Floods
Flash floods happen in a short
time, they have a great volume of
water, and are local floods.
The runoff of intense rain results in
high flood waves.
Flash floods result in failure of
dams and more.
It usually happens in desert areas
and mountain regions.
They are a threat in steep land,
high runoff rates, thunderstorms,
and narrow streams.
Riverine floods are caused
by melting of snow and
precipitation over large
areas. They take place in
rivers. Floods in large rivers
take hours to days.
The ground conditions
effects the runoff.
 Coastal floods are caused by tides, storms,
tropical cyclones, or tsunamis.
They happen in the ocean and effects the
general public and maritime interests along
the coastline.
They are caused by heavy surf, tidal piling,
and storm surges,
Other factors are tidal cycles, behaviors of
the storm, river or stream runoff, no
Venezuela in December of 1999. offshore reefs or other barriers, and high
winds.
Urban floods are when the land is turned
from fields or woods into roads and parking
lots. Since this happens it can’t absorb the
rainfall.
During the urban floods all the streets
become rivers and basements become full
of water, they are death traps.
Ice Jam is floating ice that adds up at a
man-made or natural area and stops the
flow of water. This causes the area to
flood.
Lakeshore floods affect the general public
as well as some areas of the Great Lakes.
These floods extend from the beaches to
rivers that flow into lakes. The extent of the
flooding is dependant on surrounding the
shore terrain. The causes of these
lakeshore floods are seiches in the Great
Lakes.
The Webster dictionary’s definition of
Seiches is:
The flow of periodically changing direction
of the surface of a landlocked body of
water (like a lake) that varies from a few
minutes to several hours.

The Red River flood crest emptied into
Lake Winnipeg on May 8th, 1997. This
ended the largest flood in Red River Valley
ever recorded
The red river valley occurred in 1997 in
Minnesota. That winter eight harsh
blizzards hit Red River Valley. When
the snow started to melt the river
started to rise.
The flood preparation was made for a
49 foot flood crest. The flood was
actually 54.33 feet on April 22, 1997.
Areas that were in immediate danger
was evacuated on April 18th, people
were evacuated from entire cities on
the 19th.
On the 24th the government officials
started to let people back in dry areas.
Most of the clean-up was done by the
end of 1997 but they were still
building houses, basements, and
other buildings in 2000.
In Mozambique on March 3rd, 2000 an
awful flood had destroyed three villages.
Around 1 million people needed shelter,
food, and medical care.
Thousands of people remained on roofs
and rat-infested trees.
Rescuers had saved 12,000 people from
flood waters after starving for a week.
15,000 remained in Save River Valley,
stranded and nowhere to go.
The government has estimated 1 million
people have been displaced by floods
since the beginning of February 2000.
Bangladesh is a country with
many rivers. Flooding in this
area is common and necessary
so it could fertilize from
deposits of fresh alluvium.
Fresh alluvium is soil that is
deposited by moving water.
In the fall of 1974 flooding was
extended over one half of the
country and stayed this way
for over a month.
At least 1,200 people had died in
the floods and 27,500 died
from diseases and starvation.
425,000 houses were
destroyed and destroyed
agriculture. The cost of
damages were 325.9 million in
U.S.
36 million were effected by this
huge flood.
 This horrific storm dumped around 100 millimeters of rain
trough the Atlantic on Monday March 3rd, 2003.
 It was caused by melting snow, rain, high tides, and freezing
rain which caused streams and rivers to clog and trees to break.
 Thousands of people have had to bail out of their homes.
 The overall damage for provincial roads and bridges is
estimated to be 10 million dollars.
 Nova Scotia’s Transportation Department said 47 bridges have
been destroyed or damaged by flooding. Two hundred roads
have been damaged in the province as well. Major culverts were
ruined and oil tanks ripped from homes.
 Emergency tenders are being sent out to get repair work started
as soon as possible.
 Unfortunately a seniors couple died when that car got swept
away from a flooded road of Lahave River.
 This flood was one of the worst floods Nova Scotia has had in
years.
This is where the latest floods have occurred in the world. It was taken by NASA
satellite.
Precautions to Take
To remain safe from floods you need to know
when and how to deal with them.
Lives could be saved by having more warnings
of floods for places in threat.
There are things used for antiflood protection
and it makes your house, yard and much more,
safe and protected when a flood arrives. They
can be used over and over again.
 Equipment
This is a Door Flood Barrier. Its used to fit
and seal your door.

This is a free standing door barrier. The

difference with this one is you can still have
use of the door as well.

Modular Flood Barrier is the highest level

of protection . Its installed to protect your
whole property from high bodies of water
during a flood.
 A Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) is a map
to show flood risk zones and flood elevations.
LEGEND OF SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREAS INUNDATED BY 100 YEAR FLOOD
ZONE A
No base flood elevations determined
ZONE AE
Base flood elevations determined
ZONE X
Areas of 500 year flood; areas of 100 year flood with average depths of less than 1 foot or with drainage areas
less than 1 square mile; and areas protected by levees from 100 year flood
OTHER FLOOD AREAS
ZONE X
Area of 500 year flood; areas of 100 year flood with average depths of less than 1 foot or with drainage areas
less than 1 square mile; and areas protected by levees from 100 year flood
OTHER AREAS
ZONE X
Areas determined to be outside 500 year flood plain
ZONE D
Areas in which flood hazards are
undetermined EXPLANATION OF ZONE
DESIGNATIONS ZONE A
Areas of 100 year flood; base flood elevations and flood hazard factors not
determined ZONE A1- A30
Areas of 100 year flood; base flood elevations and flood hazard factors
determined ZONE B
Areas between limits of the 100 year flood and 500 year flood; or certain areas subject to 100 year flooding with
average depths less than (1) foot or where the contribution drainage area is less than one square mile; or areas
protected by levees from the base flood
ZONE C
Areas of minimal
flooding ZONE V1 –
V30
Areas of 100 year coastal flood with velocity (wave action); base flood elevations and flood hazard
A Flood Hazard Boundary Map(FHBM) is for an area
and outlines the special flood areas but doesn’t include
and elevation information. It shows flood insurance
risk zones. Its for 100-500 year flood areas.
DURING A FLOOD

Listen to the radio for further information.

Fill bathtubs, sinks and jugs with clean water in case water becomes contaminated.
Bring outdoor belongings, such as patio furniture, indoors.
Move valuable household possessions to the upper floors or to safe ground if time permits.
If you are instructed by authorities, turn off all utilities at the main power switch and close
the main gas valve.
Join with neighbors and volunteers to put sandbags or other protection in place. Stack
sandbags away from the outside walls of houses to prevent floodwaters from entering.
Do not attempt to walk through moving floodwaters. If they are moving fast enough, water
one foot deep can sweep you off your feet.
Do not attempt to drive over a flooded road. Turn around and go another way.
 .
 Deep Snow can melt into a lot of
water. It usually floods because
of rain or rapid warm
temperatures.
 Frozen ground won’t absorb as
much water, the rain and/ or
snow causes flooding on frozen
ground.
 Full reservoirs- Reservoirs are
very big and are man-made
to hold water for drinking or
irrigation. It won’t absorb
anymore water f full and it
causes it to overflow.
 High River or Stream Levels-
melting flows into a full river and
overflows on banks.
Sometimes it’s a good thing when a flood occurs.
The environmental benefits of flooding are
fisheries, wetlands, and irrigation.
Flood plains have one of the highest development
potential when it comes to economic
development.
It also makes a mess of the environment. The soil
becomes poor because the oxygen is limited due
to so much water. The pH in soil decreases, rate
decomposition of organic matter in flooded soil
tends only to be half that unflooded soil
Trees are effected as well. It effects the height,
age, vigor, roots, and species.
During the growing season flooding is very
harmful especially to woody plants compared a
flood in a dormant season.
Floods could carry chemicals from agricultural
fields, sewage,etc. and can’t handle large bodies
of water.
Crops die because they can’t survive because of
the conditions.
There is an organization called World
Meteorological Organization. It promotes flood
management and water resources
management. They have successfully guided
and promoted international development of
meteorology and hydrology. They give
forecasts and warnings.
The government’s responsibility of fixing things
during a flood are for example :damaged
roads, buildings, telephones, and electricity.
 Floods take a heavy toll of life and
property,sonecessary
precautionsshouldbetaken.
 Floodsaregreatfuryofnature
and humans can take precautions
againstitbutcannotcontrolit.
http://www.fema.gov/hazards/floods
www.und.nodak.edu/dept/library/Collections/og1351.html

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www.hydrology.com
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www.savethechildren.org/press/pr_bangladesh.html
www.personal.psu.edu/users/a/l/alal64/projects/geog121/project5/firm_example.htm
www.nws.noaa.gov/om/brochures/ffbro.htm