EXPLANATION COMPOSITION

Name : Moch. Husaini

Class : XI MIPA 3

Number : 23
 LANDSLIDE

Landslides, also known as the phenomenon of land and rocks collapsing from a certain height,
are natural disasters caused by the soil's movement or rock masses. There are two factors
behind the occurrence of landslides, namely driving factors and trigger factors.
Landslides often occur in Indonesia, especially landslide-prone areas that are not planted with
trees. Landslides in Indonesia were also affected by the earthquake. High rainfall and human
hands also cause landslides.
After it rains, the water in the ground will evaporate. This evaporation causes soil cavities to
arise so that when it rains again, water enters the bottom of the slope, causing lateral
movement. This lateral movement causes landslides. Therefore, when it rains, people must be
vigilant. Planting trees can prevent landslides because tree roots can hold water from entering
the ground.
Landslides caused significant losses. Not a few landslides have caused deaths and injuries to
people affected by the disaster. Even a passing car can be hit by a landslide disaster and lose its
life, as shown above. Landslides that have an average speed of 100 km/hour can fill houses and
rice fields. Material losses were also felt for the local people. Therefore, when the rainy season
arrives, avoid places that are prone to landslides. If the rainfall is high enough, evacuate to a
safer place.
 FLOOD

We all know that rain is good for our planet. It gives us fresh water to drink, helps farmers grow
crops, and keeps everything green and lush. Most of the time, it is completely benign. But in
large enough quantities, the very same stuff we use to rinse a toothbrush can overturn cars,
demolish houses and even kill.
A flood is a natural occurrence that occurs due to excessive water flow that fills the land.
Generally, the soil cannot absorb water completely, so that the water that lies on the ground
becomes inundated. Floods, also known as floods, can cause various problems, ranging from
social to economic problems.
Several things caused the flood to occur in an area. The main cause of this is high rainfall, which
causes the river to be unable to accommodate the excess water capacity. Apart from rainfall,
another cause is a large amount of garbage accumulated which causes clogged water due to
human activities which are littering.
Another cause can arise due to illegal logging which causes the roots to absorb rainwater. As a
result, water will pool towards the land and cause flooding.
Flooding can also occur due to the formation of landslide dams from the slopes and the river
flow. Not only that, the dam or reservoir was broken also resulted in flooding.
Floods cannot be considered as a trivial matter. Therefore, the government and society must
come together to cope with this flood, as shown above, to minimize the negative impact of this
natural disaster.
 VOLCANO ERUPTION

Mount erupting is one of the natural disasters that cannot be avoided, especially in Indonesia,
in the "ring of fire" zone. History records, there are so many volcanic disasters that have
occurred in Indonesia. Some of Indonesia's volcanoes are Mount Krakatau, Mount Merapi,
Mount Toba, Mount Kerinci, Mount Tambora, and many others. Almost all volcanic activity is
associated with an active seismic zone.
Volcanoes erupt, which occurs due to magma deposits in the earth's bowels, which are pushed
out by high-pressure gas. Volcanic eruptions are; volcanic gases, lava and flow of sand and hot
rock, lava, landslides, earthquakes, eruption ash, and hot clouds. Its eruptions carrying ash and
rock can blast violently up to a radius of 18 km or more, while the lava can flood areas as far as
a radius of 90 km. Volcanic eruptions can cause large casualties and property up to thousands
of kilometres away and can even affect the climate on earth. Not all volcanoes erupt frequently.
Volcanoes that erupt frequently are called active volcanoes.
You can see the picture above like a volcanic eruption, and it brings negative and positive
impacts. The negative impacts brought about include air pollution, crippling all community
activities, and threatening forest ecosystems. Meanwhile, the volcanic eruptions' positive
impacts include fertile soil, springs that contain lots of minerals and produce quality building
materials.
So until now, volcanoes are still scary things for humans. Because volcanoes are extraordinary,
they can lead to the formation of islands and lakes; they can even cover the Earth's atmosphere
causing extreme temperature changes.
For this reason, community settlements around volcanic areas or we need to pay attention to
the volcanic warning scheme in Indonesia provided by the BMKG to determine the right time to
evacuate in the event of a volcanic eruption in our area.
 FIRE HOUSE

A fire house is a condition in which a house is hit by fire so that it causes loss of property and
even life. Fires often occur due to human activity which is negligent in their daily lives which
results in fires. The most frequent house fires are in residential areas because of the distance
between houses that are close together, especially in my home area.
Fires are caused due to various human activities. The use of excess electricity causes the first,
installing installations that are not according to procedures, burning littering, cigarette butts,
candles lit when the electricity goes out, or stoves used for cooking, LPG gas explodes, burns
land and many more.
This negligent human activity has an impact on the surrounding community and the life in it.
The first causes property loss, loss of life, environmental damage, damage to facilities and
infrastructure, causes disease, air pollution, endangers people indoors, haven't a place to stay
and many more.
Efforts to avoid house fires, especially in residential areas, are by paying attention to the use of
electricity, use of stoves, installation of electricity, burning garbage, paying attention to cables
whether they are still fit for use or not, giving the distance between one house and another and
so on.