Laboratorio#8: Synchronous Motor Operation and Control.

Universidad de Puerto Rico

Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez
Facultad de Ingeniería
Departamento de Eléctrica y Computadoras

Ryan Medina Velázquez , Rex Deming y Héctor Almodóvar.

Abstract - This experiment explores the characteristics and operation of single Phase induction motors. Using
different connection methods, the team obtains speed, torque and other parameters of operation.
61 6
Keywords - Squirrel Cage, Three-phase motor, voltage
sequence, Single Phase , Induction. 75, 84,2
0.4 209,4 0,38 136,01 39,17 41 114,58 5
I. INTRODUCTION 58, 93,9
In this report we will study the behavior of 0.5 209,4 0,30 109,53 44,31 61 102,92 7
synchronous motors, unlike asynchronous motors,
synchronous motors derive their name from the 37, 86,7
synchronous speed of the stator magnetic field. In 0.6 209,4 0,32 115,33 62,39 61 100 1
relation to the previously studied motors, this is 73,9
operated by inducing alternating current to the 0.7 209,4 0,41 150,15 85,09 26 111,09 9
stator and direct current to the rotor. The reaction of
the motor's magnetic fields causes the speed of the 13, 60,7
motor to rotate at the same speed as the magnetic 0.8 209,4 0,52 187,51 100,1 73 113,83 1
field, hence the name synchronous. If it is true that 20, 49,7
when applying to load the speed decreases but it 0.9 209,4 0,743 269,47 114 14 134,14 8
recovers and resynchronizes as if it were no load.
Table 1.1

III. CONCLUSIONS
II. RESULTS AND DATA
Experiment 8.1

In this experiment the team observed during the first

tests that the synchronous motors started off with a slip
when the system was turned on, and then accelerated to
synchronous speed once the DC circuit was connected.
Figure 1.1: Physical implementation and diagram. [1] The current at which the system breaks down is below
0.1A, as shown by Table 1.1. Beyond that, the motor
behaves like a synchronous motor even with an applied
I3 DC E1 I1 Power Power load. The maximum power observed during the
(Amps) (Volts) (Amps) (VA) W1 W2 (Watts) PF experiment was 134.14 W with a DC current of 0.9 A.

-54,0 19, Equations used :

0 209,2 1,35 489,88 2 2 -34,82 -7,11
-20,6 40,0 Equation Expression
0.1 209,2 0,89 322,84 8 150 129,32 6 Reference
116,
Eq.1 𝑉 = 𝑆𝑞𝑟𝑡(3) * 𝑅 * 𝐼
0.2 209,2 0,66 239,14 -15,7 4 100,7 42,11
0.3 209,2 0,46 167,76 14,69 93, 108,3 64,5 Eq.2 𝑃 = 𝑉 * 𝐼 * 𝐶𝑜𝑠 θ
 Eq.3 𝑄 = 𝑉 * 𝐼 * 𝑆𝑖𝑛 θ

Eq.4 2 2
𝑆= 𝑃 +𝑄 = 𝑉 * 𝐼

Eq.5 a=
𝑁1
𝑁2

Eq.6 𝑉𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 3 * 𝑉𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒30 ◦

Eq.7 𝐼𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 3 * 𝐼𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑

References

[1] Reyes, Miguel Velez. “Transformers and Electric

Machines Laboratory Manual”. University of Puerto
Rico at Mayaguez, 2017.

REPORT REQUIREMENTS

1. How does the synchronous motor must be started?

Can it start as a synchronous motor? Find out the
different starting methods of a synchronous motor in
your textbook and explain them briefly in your report.

The motor starts out as an asynchronous motor until it

gains enough speed to synchronize. To start the
excitation winding must be closed for the magnetic field
to flow.

The different types of starting are asynchronous, as

explained above, with a controlled frequency variator
and with an auxiliary motor.

2. What is a synchronous capacitor? How can the power

factor of a synchronous motor be changed?

To change the power factor of a synchronous motor, it is

necessary to vary the DC excitation of the motor which
would put it in an overexcited or under excited state to
correct the power factor if necessary.

3. Plot the synchronous motor curve line current vs. field

current. Divide the curve, according to the input power
factor, in three regions: lagging, unity power factor, and
leading.