INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN
TECHNOLOGY
Analysis and design of a six storey earthquake resistant
building using SAP 2000
__________________________________________________________________________________________
C. Naga Dheeraj Kumar Reddy
Civil Engineering, SVR Engineering College
Abstract - Every year 100,000 or more earthquakes that can
be felt by people occur worldwide. These earthquakes range
from very small events felt by only a few individuals to great
earthquakes that destroy entire cities. The number of lives
lost and the amount of economic losses that result from an
earthquake depend on the size, depth and location of the
earthquake, the intensity of the ground shaking and related
effects on the building inventory, and the vulnerability of
that building inventory to damage. However, as the recent
earthquakes have shown, the performance of normal
structures during past Indian earthquakes has been less
satisfactory. This is mainly due to the lack of awareness
amongst most practicing engineers of the special provisions
that need to be followed in earthquake resistant design and
thereafter in construction. In the current paper a detailed
procedure that how to design an earthquake resistant
building has been explained. In order to illustrate the
earthquake resistant design, a six storey building located in
seismic zone – IV of India is designed in SAP 2000
conforming to Indian Standards.
I. Introduction
Most of the loss of life in past earthquakes has occurred due to
the collapse of buildings, constructed in traditional materials
like stone, brick and wood, which were not particularly
engineered to be earthquake resistant. In view of the continued
use of such buildings in most countries of the world, it is
essential to introduce earthquake resistance features in their
construction.There are a number of socio-economic
constraints such as the following which do not permit the
adoption of high level of safety in the buildings:
 Lack of awareness that buildings could be made
earthquake resistant at small additional cost only,
hence lack of motivation
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Volume-7,Issue-3 (Mar-17)
ISSN (O) :- 2349-3585
 Lack of financial resources for additional inputs for
meeting earthquake resistance requirements in
building construction
 Other normal priorities on financial inputs in the
daily life of the people
When a structure does not collapse when subjected to a
design-level seismic ground motion, and the occupants can
evacuate safely, it is considered that this structure has fulfilled
its function even though it may never functional again.
Important structures such as hospitals, police stations,
communication centers and major highway bridges must be
designed to achieve significantly higher performance levels
under severe earthquake shaking because of their importance
in the immediate emergency response and recovery activities
following a catastrophic event.The objective of this paper is to
analyze and design a six storey earthquake resistant building
by using SAP 2000 software
II. Overview on SAP 2000
Nowadays, the usage of the software engineering especially in
structure engineering getting more and more popular among
the construction companies either for contractor, consultant or
local authority structure engineering software program has
substitutes the manual method in design structure in
construction industry. Design and analysis structure can be
quickly and easily input and viewed on the screen in various
format. The most popular structure engineering software in
construction industry is SAP2000, ESTEEM, PROKON, and
ORION. Software application in construction and engineering
field very important to achieve better results and decision in
the project implemented. This is because larger scale changes
in the construction area and traditional method is no longer
suitable to be used. There were many software in engineering
field was introduced presently. One of engineering field is
structure engineering software. There were many fields in
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Paper Title:- Analysis and design of a six storey earthquake resistant building using SAP 2000

structure engineering such as steel structure, wood, concrete, directions) and not along the vertical direction, since it
aluminum and others. Difficult structures need longer time to is not considered to be significant.
be designed, with indirectly enhance project cost. Therefore B. Data of the Example:
with this structure engineering software, design structure is
The design data shall be as follows:
easier to do. System engineering software produces more
Live load : 4 KN/m2 on all floor
accurate result and fast in the design. Hereby can reduce cost
: 1.5 KN/m2 on terrace
save time needed compared with traditional method apply
Floor finish : 1 KN/m2
before this. On the other word, it can produce fast, economy
Water proofing : 2 KN/m2
and good quality in construction.
Terrace finish : 1 KN/m2
Basic Steps to Solve a Structural Problem using SAP2000:
Earthquake load : As per IS-1893 (part 1)-
1. Start-up by choosing units, setting up grids or by choosing a
2002
model from the library
Type of soil : Type II, Medium as per
2. Define materials, element properties, loading patterns,
IS: 1893
analysis cases and combinations
Storey height : 3.5m
3. Draw the model using the powerful graphical interface and
Floors : G.F + 5 upper floors.
selection and editing tools
Walls : 150 mm thick brick wall
4. Assign displacement boundary conditions (supports)
C. Material Properties:
5. Assign loads (forces, moments, displacements, pressure,
temperature…) Concrete: All components unless specified in design uses M25
6. SOLVE system, use simplification if possible grade
7. Display Output in graphical and/or tabular form Steel: HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415 confirming to IS:
8. Analyze result. 1786 is used throughout
III. Design of six storey building The general layout of the building is shown in Fig.
The six storey building is located in seismic zone IV on a site
with medium soil. Design the building for seismic loads as per
IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002.
A. General:

1. The considered building is a six storey 5 bay structure.

2. For all structural elements, M25 grade concrete will be
used. Sizes of all columns in upper floors are kept the
same. However, for columns up to plinth, sizes are
increased.
3. Preliminary sizes of structural components are
assumed by experience.
4. For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed to be Fig. 1 Elevation of the building
rectangular so as to distribute slightly larger moment D. Gravity Load calculation
in columns.
Unit load calculations
5. Seismic loads will be considered acting in the
Assumed sizes of beam and column sections are:
horizontal direction (along either of the two principal
Column : 400*400mm at all typical floors
Area, A=0.16m2

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 Paper Title:- Analysis and design of a six storey earthquake resistant building using SAP 2000

Beam : 200*500mm at all typical floors Calculation of seismic load:

2
Area, A=0.10m Total seismic load=Ah x W
Member self-weight where; Ah=Sa/g x ZI /2xR
Columns (400*400) : 0.4x 0.4x 25 = 4KN/m Z=0.24, I=1, R=5
Beams (200*500) : 0.2x0.5x25=2.5KN/m Fundamental natural period of vibration (T a),
2
Slab (150 mm thick) : 0.15 x 25 = 3.75kN/m Ta = 0.075h0.75
Brick wall (150 mm thick) : 0.15 x 20 (wall) x 3.5 = = 0.075(6x3.5)0.75
10.5kN/m = 0.735
Slab load calculations for type-II soil i.e.; medium soil
TABLE 1 Slab load on terrace and on all floors Sa/g =1.36/0.73
Terrace (DL + Typical (DL + =1.863
Component
LL) LL)
therefore Ah=1.863x0.24x1/2x5
Self (150 mm thick) 3.75 + 0 3.75 + 0
Water proofing 2+0 0+0 =0.044
Floor finish 1+0 1+0 SEISMIC FORCES
Live load 0+1.5 0+4
VB=Ah x W=0.044x64809
Total 6.75 + 1.5 KN/m2 4.75 + 4 KN/m2
Calculation of loads: =2851.596
First Floor: Wi  hi 2
Qi  V B
Slab:
Wi  hi 2
Live load of slab =4KN/m2
where,
Dead load of slab=1+(0.15x25)=4.75KN/m2
Qi = The lateral force, hi = Elevation
Beam:
Wi = Seismic weight at ith floor level
Dead load of beam =0.2x0.5x25=2.5KN/m
Wihi2=W1h12+W2h22+W3h32+ W4h42+ W5h52 +W6h62
Column:
For i=1 i.e., 1stFoor, we get Q1=34.68KN.
Dead load of column =0.4x0.4x25=4KN/m
Similarly Q2=138.724KN, Q3=312.131KN, Q4=554.899KN,
Wall:
Q5=867.030KN, Q6=944.128KN.
Dead load of wall =0.15x3.5x20=10.5KN/m
Finally the values of Q are as follows:
Total Dead Load:
TABLE 2 The final values of Q
Slab =30x3x4.75=4275
STOREY WEIGHT Height
Beam =6x2.5x60=900 Q
NO (KN) (m)
Column =36x4x3.5=504
6 8514 21 944.128
Wall =6x10.5x60=3780
TOTAL=9459KN 5 11259 17.5 867.030

Total Live Load: 4 11259 14 554.899

Slab =4x30x30=3600KN 3 11259 10.5 312.131
W =seismic wt. of building 2 11259 7 138.724
=Total DL of building + 50% of LL 1 11259 3.5 34.681
=9459+3600/2
W1=11259KN. V. RESULTS
Similarly W2=11259KN, W3=11259KN, W4=11259KN, In the current paper SAP 2000 is used for the analysis of
W5=11259KN, W6=8514 KN building. The same building which is described in the previous
sections is created and analyzed for the considered dead and

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Paper Title:- Analysis and design of a six storey earthquake resistant building using SAP 2000

live loads. Some of the figures of SAP 2000 are presented

below.

Fig. 5 Beam Section Design Summary for element 372

Fig. 2 Building model in SAP2000

Fig. 6 Column Section Design Summary for element 36

Fig. 3 After analysis and design of a multi storied building

Fig. 4 Zoomed figure of above diagram at the left part of Fig. 7 Resultant shear, moment, deflection for beam
the diagram. element 372.

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Paper Title:- Analysis and design of a six storey earthquake resistant building using SAP 2000

[3] Kim. B., and D’Amore, E. (1999). Pushover analysis

procedure in earthquake engineering, Earthq. Spectra,
13(2):417-434.
[4] IS 1893 ( part 1 ) :2002, Indian standard criteria for
earthquake resistant design of structures
[5] CSI Analysis Reference Manual for SAP2000, 2009.
[6] IS 456; 2000, Plain and reinforced concrete – code of
practice.

Fig. 8 Resultant shear, moment, deflection for a column

element of 36.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The present thesis aims to deal with the basic concepts of the
earthquake resistant design of a multistoried building. It is an
attempt to compare the behavior of reinforced concrete
building under the action of lateral loads, especially during
earthquakes and the following conclusions were made:
 A detailed procedure has been explained that how to
calculate the seismic loads by using IS 1893:2002
(Part-I)
 A six storey earthquake resistant multi-storey
building has been modelled, analysed and designed in
SAP 2000.
 Finally it can be concluded that the building was
designed for Zone-IV of India.

REFERENCES
[1] Bertero, V. V. Strength and deformation capacities of
buildings under extreme environments. In Structural
Engineering and Structural Mechanics, Pister KS (ed.).
Prentice Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1977; 211–215.
[2] Bazzurro, P., & Cornell, C. A. Seismic hazard analysis for
non-linear structures. I: Methodology. ASCE Journal of
Structural Engineering 1994; 120(11):3320–3344.

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