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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Nepal is a seismic prone country and the risk it faces from earthquakes is very high.
Past records have shown that Nepal can expect two earthquakes of magnitude 7.5-8
on the Richter scale every forty years and one earthquake of magnitude of 8+ in
Richter scale every years. The last great earthquake to strike Nepal was in 1934
which had a magnitude of 8.3 Richter. It caused considerable damage to buildings
along with great loss of lives. Recently Nepal was hit by a major earthquake (2015
Gorkha Earthquake) of magnitude of 7.8 which nearly killed 9,000 people and multi-
storey frame building in earthquake prone zone like Nepal, care and attention should
be taken while designing such structures.
The project selected by our group is a building located at Mahendranagar,
kanchanpur. In Kanchanpur, earthquake is pre-dominant than the wind load. So, the
building is analyzed for earthquake as lateral load. The seismic coefficient design
method as stipulated in IS 1893:2002 is applied to analyze the building for
earthquake. Special reinforced concrete moment resisting frame is considered as the
main structural system of the building.
This project work has been undertaken as a partial fulfillment for Bachelor’s degree
in Civil Engineering. This project work contains structural analysis, design and
detailing of a building. All the theoretical knowledge on analysis and design acquired
on the course work are utilized with practical application. The main objective of the
project is to acquaint in the Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering.

1.2. Objective
The aim of reinforced concrete design is the achievement of an acceptable probability
that structures being designed will perform satisfactorily
during their intended life. With an appropriate degree of safety they should sustain the entire
load and the deformation of normal construction and use and have adequate durability and

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adequate resistance to the effect of misuse and fire. The specific objectives of the minor
project work are:
i. Integrate the knowledge of structural engineering offered in BE civil engineering
and make familiar to practice of design of building.
ii. Also much software is available for the analysis and design, quickly and
accurately for various structural elements. This project helps to make us familiar
with such software.
iii. Estimate the preliminary size of the slab, beams and columns.
iv. Familiarization with the standard codes of practice for the design and detailing.

1.3. Building Description

Building type : Multi-storey Shopping Complex
Structural system : RCC Moment Resisting Frame
Plinth area covered :
Type of foundation : Mat foundation
No. of storey : G+4
Floor Height : 11’
Type of sub soil : Medium soil

1.4. Codes of Practices

We have used following codes to perform preliminary design.
1. IS 456:2000 (Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete)
2. IS 1893 (part 1):2002 (Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures)
3. IS 857 (part 1):1987 (to assess dead loads)
4. IS 875 (part 2):1987 (to assess live loads)

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2. METHODOLOGY
Preliminary sizing of the flexural members of the structural member slab, beam and
column are worked out on the basis of height, span and geometry as stated in Limit State
of Serviceability (IS 456:2000).
Following steps are done:
i. Planning of grid layout.
ii. Drafting of architectural Plan in AutoCAD 2018.
iii. Determination of the structural system of the building.
iv. Estimation of imposed and dead loads.
v. Preliminary design of structural elements.

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3. LITERATURE REVIEW
We are mainly dealing with seismic analysis and design of RCC framed concrete
structure. Our main focus will be on obtaining design output by limit state method on
basis of structural design incorporating seismic considerations.
It is assumed that the structure will respond in a nonlinear manner in severe earthquake
and there by dissipate the energy of motion using material and structural ductility. It is
clear that, to achieve ductile behaviors, brittle modes of failure due to shear, anchorage
and bond should be avoided.
This concept is derived from a basic philosophy that damage of the building is
permissible as long as a structure doesn’t collapse catastrophically during a severe
earthquake. This fact guides concept that vertical load-bearing member providing basic
support of structure should be strong and can achieved by applying strong column-weak
beam concept.

THE LIMIT STATE METHOD

Limit state design has originated from ultimate or plastic design. The object of design based on
the limit state concept is to achieve an acceptable probability that a structure will not become
unserviceable in its lifetime for the use for which it is intended, i.e. it will not reach a limited
state. A structure with appropriate degrees of reliability should be able to withstand safely all the
loads that are liable to act on it through-out its life and it should satisfy the serviceability
requirements. All relevant limit states must be considered in design to ensure an adequate degree
of safety and serviceability.

Design
The following materials are adopted for the design of the elements:

 Concrete Grade : M25, M30

- M25 for beam, slab and M30 for columns and footing
 Reinforcement Steel- Fe 500
- Fe 500 for longitudinal as well as for lateral bar

4. PRELIMINARY DESIGN

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For analysis of the building, it requires the rough idea on the member sizes used in the
building as the beam, column and slab. According to which the contributed dead load of
the member to structure could be estimated.
Any structure is made up of structural analysis elements (load carrying, such as
beams and columns) and non-structural elements (such as partitions, false ceilings,
doors). The structural elements put together constitute the structural systems. Its function
is to resist effectively the action of gravitational and environmental loads, and to transmit
the resulting forces to the supporting ground without significantly disturbing the
geometry, integrity and serviceability of the structure.
The size of the members is dependent on the limit state of serviceability on
deflection and cracking. For this, IS 456-2000 is referred to make sure.

a) Slab
Each floors slab is divided into different types as per end conditions defined in IS
456-2000. We have biggest slab panel is B2-B3-C3-C2 whose dimension is 5400mm
X 5400mm. And shorter span is 5400mm.
Clause 24.1 IS 456:2000
Effective depth (d) of slab can be taken between
shorter span = 0.8X35 = 28
d
So, d =192.86mm
Adopt d = 200mm
Assuming 10mm φ- reinforcement bar and 15mm nominal cover
Overall depth D = 200+ 10+15 = 220mm
2
Hence, D = 225mm
Therefore, provided overall depth of slab D = 225mm.

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b) Beam
The beam is designed as per IS-456:2000. Same section of beam is provided
throughout the building. This section may be changed as required by the SAP.
Maximum span of Beam = 5400mm
According to deflection criteria,
We have,
longer span =Basic Value * M.F = 20*1
d 15
d= 5400 = 270mm
20
For Flexure, Shrinkage, Creep we take overall depth = 270+16+25= 303mm
2
For Safety, let us assume overall depth as, D= 325mm

Width of beam, b= 3D = 3X325 = 195mm

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Adopt width of beam 225mm
Therefore, size of beam = 225mm*325mm.

c) Column
It is designed on the basis of IS 456:2000. The preliminary column size can be fixed
for axial load with steel reinforcement being restricted to, say 1.0% which provisions
of the code, steel percentage is expected to increase to a value say 2.0% may be
regarded as minimum. By including moments due to the minimum eccentricity.
Known data:
Unit wt. of RCC = 25 KN/m2
Depth of beam = 0.325m
Width of beam = 0.225m
Column Size = 0.5m

All loads are given in KN.

Dead load
Load type Calculation Value
Self-weight of slab 25*0.225*5.4*5.4 164.025
Self-weight of beam 25*0.325*0.225*5.4 9.872

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Self-weight of wall 21*3.075*4.9*0.1 31.642

Self weight of column 25*0.5*0.5*3.075 19.220
Total Dead Load 224.759

Area of slab = 5.4 * 5.4 = 29.16m2

Live Load
Floor Calculation Value
Basement 29.16*4*1 116.64
Ground Floor 29.16*4*0.9 104.976
First Floor 29.16*4*0.8 93.312
Second Floor 29.16*4*0.7 81.65
Third Floor 29.16*4*0.6 69.98
Fourth Floor 29.16*4*0.6 69.98
Fifth Floor 29.16*4*0.6 69.98

Total Load
Floor Dead load Live Load Total Load
Basement 224.759 116.64 341.400
Ground Floor 224.759 104.976 329.735
First Floor 224.759 93.312 318.071
Second Floor 224.759 81.65 306.409
Third Floor 224.759 69.98 294.739

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Fourth Floor 224.759 69.98 294.739

Fifth Floor 224.759 69.98 294.739
Total Load 2179.832
Total Factored Load 3269.748

We have, fck = 30 MPa

Fy = 500MPa
Assuming percentage of steel = 1.5%
As per IS 456:2000, clause 39.3
For axially loaded short column,
Pu = 0.4fckAc + 0.67fyAsc
Or, 3269.748 X 1000 = 0.4*30* (Ag-1.5*Ag/100)+(0.67*500*1.5*Ag)/100
Or, Ag = 194107.93mm2
Or, B = 440.57mm

Adopt, B = 500mm
Therefore Column of Size = 500mm*500mm

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5. CONCLUSION
The minor project has mainly been directed towards the Architectural drafting and
preliminary design part only. Nevertheless the attempts have been made in structural
analysis. We have provided the draft and design result of commercial complex in tabular
form with necessary drawings and details. The fundamental principle and methodology
applied while analyzing and designing the multi-storied structure in this project is
universally valid for any type of the framed structural buildings. And we are going to
work on structural analysis of same building as Major Project.

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