Charge of an Atom

Motivation
Let’s Play

3
1- Give the total number of balloons
2- Give the number of balloons with
(+) charge
3- Give the number of balloons with no
charge

1- 8 balloons
2- 4 balloons
3- 4 balloons
6
5
= 6 x (1 +)= 6+
Charge of the Nucleus
Answer the following questions
1- Name the particles that exist in the nucleus
2- Give the charge of each particle exist in the nucleus.

1- Protons and neutrons

2- Protons positive charge and neutrons with no charge
Charge of the Nucleus
1- Give the number of protons.
2- Give the number of neutrons
3- Indicate the total charge of protons
Relative charge of a proton = 1+
4- Indicate the total charge of neutrons
Relative charge of a neutron = 0
5- What will be the charge of the
nucleus
1- 3
2- 4
3-= 3 x (1+) = 3+
4- = 4 x (0) = 0
5- = (3+) + ( 0) = 3 +
 Relative Nuclear charge
=
Charge of nucleus
=
Charge of protons + Charge of neutrons
=
nb of p+ × (1+) + nb of n0 × (0)
=
nb of p+ × (1+)
 Application 1
Magnesium is a chemical element that has the symbol Mg, atomic
number 12 and 12 neutrons. It constitutes about 2% of the Earth's
crust, and it is the third most plentiful element dissolved in seawater.

1- Indicate the composition of magnesium atom.

2- Calculate the mass number
3- Choose the relative charge of the nucleus
a- 12+ b- 12- c- 0
4- Write the nuclide representation of magnesium atom
Application 1
1- Number of protons = number of electrons = 12
• Number of neutrons is 12 ( given)
2- A = Z+ N = 12 + 12 = 24
3- a
4-
 Application 2
Document 1 shows the oxygen atom.
1- Determine the number of protons.
2- Deduce the atomic number
3- Calculate the mass number of oxygen
4- Calculate the relative charge of the
nucleus
Given relative charge of proton= 1+
Application 2
1- Since the atom is electrically neutral, nb of protons= nb of electrons = 8
2- Z= nb of protons= 8
3- A = Z+N= 8+ 8= 16
4- relative charge of the nucleus = nb of protons x ( 1 +)
= 8x ( 1+) = 8+
Relative Charge of the Electron Cloud
1- How many red balls exist in the
basket.
2- If these red balls have negative
charge (1 - ) each, what will be the total
charge of the red balls?

1- 5 balls
2- 5 x ( 1 -) = 5 - -
Application 3
Given the atom of carbon:
1- Indicate the number of electrons.
2- Give the charge of an electron
3- Calculate the total charge of electrons

1- 6 e-
2- Charge of one electron = 1-
3- charge of electrons= 6 x ( 1-) 6-
Relative charge of the electron cloud

Nb of electrons x ( 1-)
 Application 4
Fluorine is a chemical element with symbol F. It’s
found in potable water and toothpaste.
1- Indicate the number of protons
2- Calculate the relative charge of the electron
cloud
Given relative charge of electron = 1 -
3-Deduce the atomic number
4- Calculate the number of neutrons if the mass
number is 19.
Application 4
1- nb of protons = nb of electrons = 9
2- Relative charge of electron cloud = nb of electron x ( 1-) = 9x ( 1
-) = 9 –
3- Z= nb of protons = 9
4- A= Z+ N=> N = A-Z = 19 -9 = 10
Relative charge of an Atom
+ - +
- -
+

- +
-
+

1- How many + exists? 3- What is the total charge of the box?

5 Total is 0
2- How many - exists?
5
Relative charge of an Atom
Calculate the total
charge of neutrons

Calculate the total

charge of protons

Calculate the total

charge of electrons

Let’s calculate the total charge of the atom

=0
Relative charge of an Atom

Relative charge of an atom = relative charge of nucleus + relative charge of electron cloud
 Application 5
Calcium is the fifth most abundant element of the earth's crust.
It is essential for the formation of bones and teeth. Dairy products
(milk, yoghurt, cheese ...) are the richest sources of calcium.
The adjacent bar graph shows the number of particles
constituting calcium atom.
N.B: Nucleons= nb of protons and neutrons
Given: Relative charge of a p + = 1 +
Relative charge of an e- = 1-

1-Referring to the text, indicate why you should eat dairy products.
2-Determine the number of each fundamental particles forming calcium atom.
3-Indicate the place of each particle in the atom.
4- 4.1- Calculate the relative nuclear charge of calcium atom.
4.2- Calculate the electrons relative charge of calcium atom.
4.3- Deduce, by calculation, that the atom is electrically neutral.
Application 5
1-Dairy products are the richest sources of calcium. Calcium is essential for the formation of bones and
teeth, so it is essential to eat dairy products.
2-From the bar graph, number of e- = 20.
As the atom is electrically neutral, nb of e-= number of p + = 20.
But the number of nucleons = atomic number + number of neutrons; A = Z + N;
N = A-Z = 40-20 = 20.
3-Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus. The electrons are in the electron cloud.
4.1- Relative charge of the nucleus = nb of protons x (1 +) = 20 x (1 +) = 20+
4.2- Relative charge of electrons = Number of e- x (1 -) = 20 x (1 -) = 20-.
4.3- Relative charge of the atom = relative charge of the nucleus + relative charge of e-
= (20+) + (20 -) = 0, hence the neutrality of the atom.