Analysis Report

On
Seismic Resistance Design of Residential Building

Owner Designed by :
Mrs . Dolma Gurung
INTRODUCTION
The analysis of building in construction is growing rapidly with the raise in awareness level of
the builders than in the past mainly in case of medium to large building .Such practices leads
safer buildings than before and hence, support prevention of loss of lives and properties
considering structure failure.

Nepal is one of the most highly earthquake risk country. The devastating earthquake of 7.8
Richter scale magnitudes on April 25th, 2015 showed that our country is in danger zone with
respect to earthquake. The urbanization in Kathmandu valley is very haphazard adding additional
risk to the livelihood of the people. Earthquake resistant construction is one of the challenge
works to be performed well. Structural seismic Analysis is the best way to design and analyze
the buildings to prevent major losses due to seismic hazards.

The structures are subjected to various loads via dead loads, live loads, earthquake loads and
other dynamic loads. The structure transfers the loads acting on it to the supports and ultimately
to the ground. While transferring the loads acting on the structure, the members of the structure
are subjected to the internal forces like axial forces, shearing forces, bending and torsional
moments.

Structural Analysis deals with analyzing these internal forces in the members of the structure.
Structural Design deals with sizing various members of the structures to resist the internal forces
to which they are subjected during their effective life span. Seismic Analysis is a subset of
structural analysis and refers to the response of a building structure to earthquakes.

This Building project is located at Kathmandu. This project comprises planning architectural
design, structural design, electrical design and sanitary design components. The basic aim of the
structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the intended purpose during its
estimated life, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable and also maintaining
a good aesthetic appearance. The construction of any building consists of three phases:
a) Design, b) Drawing with proper detailing, and c) construction as per drawing and details. The
design of structure consists of two parts. i) Analysis and ii) Design. At first the preliminary size
of various member for specific structure are fixed and the analysis is carried out. With the result
obtained from analysis, necessary design is carried out. After the completion of the design,
drawings are prepared with all necessary details. The presentation of the design calculation and
drawing should be clear. After completion of the office works which include design and drawing,
the construction of the building is carried out. The effort with which design has been carried out
becomes worthwhile only if the design is translated to a correspondingly high quality structure.

This report deals with the methodology of the Structural Analysis and Design of structural
member of residential building.
 Element of Building
 Foundation: support the building and provide stability
 Structural system: Beam, Column, Slab
 Exterior wall: May or may not be part of primary supporting structure
 Interior wall: May be part of primary structure.
 Environmental control system: Heating, Ventilating, Lighting, AC and Acoustical
system.
 Vertical Transportation System: Elevator, Escalator and staircase.
 Communication: Which may include sub system as inter communication public stresses
and closed circuit television a well as more user telephone-wiring system.

1. Basic Data
a. Density of Concrete = 25 kN/m3
b. Live Load = 3 kN/m2 for floors
= 1.5 kN/m2 for accessible roof

= 0.75 kN/m2 for not accessible roof

c. Floor Finishing = 1kN/m2

d. Density of Brick masonry = 19.2kN/m3
e. Soil Safe Bearing Capacity = 150kN/m2 (at the depth of 1.5m)
f. Floor finish =1 KN/m2
g. Partition load used = 0.79KN/m2

2. Relevant Code Followed

a. IS 456-2000 (For Design of Structural Elements)
b. SP 16 (For Design Aid)
c. SP 34 (For Detailing)
d. NBC 105-1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
e. IS 1893-2002 (Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures)
f. IS 13920-2002 (Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to
Seismic Forces Code of Practice)

3. Basic Principal of Analysis of the Structure Step for Earthquake Load

Earthquake load with Seismic Coefficient Method

4. Basic Principal of Design of Foundation

Isolated footing to support overall weight of superstructure.

5. Software used for Analysis and Design

a. ETABS 2018.0.2 for analysis and design of superstructures
b. Custom Software excel sheets.
6. Concrete and Steel Grade
Concrete Grade = M20 for all Columns
M 20 for Foundations, Slabs, Stairs and Beams
Steel Grade = Fe 500
Assuming damping 5%

7. Preliminary Design for Proportioning of the Structural Elements

The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary design so that
after analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate considerably, thus making the final
design both safe and economical. The tentative sizes have been determined as follows:
Slab: From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / (26 * MF)]
Beam: For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection Criteria
Column: From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical Column.
(To compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads, the size is increased by
about 25 % in design.)

8. Loads on Structures

The following loads were assumed to occur in structural system.

a. Dead Load
Dead load on the structure comprises the self-weight of the member, weight of the finishes and
partition walls. These are usually dependent upon the constructional features and have to be
assumed in order to design various structural concrete members. The wall load is taken for
thickness of either 230 mm or 100 mm as per architectural drawing and suitable reduction is
made for window and door openings.

As the software, we have used, generates the self weight of the structural member by itself, we
have not calculated the self weight.
b. Live Load
Live loads are as per IS 875: 1987 (reaffirmed 1997)

c. Seismic Load
For earthquake load,

i) 100% of dead load and

ii) 25% of live load for load < 3 kN/m2& 50% of Live load for load > 3 kN/m2
are taken into account (according to IS 1893).
Seismic Coefficient Method using Nepal National Building Code NBC 105-1994 and Indian
Code: IS 1893-2002 are applied for Earthquake Analysis of the Structure and for the design of
the structural elements, IS 1893-2002 is used.
9. Design Methods of Structural Elements
We have followed Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete IS: 456-
2000 for design of structural elements.
Limit State Method based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the design
loads and design strengths of the materials. These design loads and design strengths are obtained
by applying partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of the materials for
concrete and steel.
We have followed the limit state method which is incorporated in IS: 456-2000. It is consistent
with the new philosophy of design termed limit state approach which was incorporated in the
Russian Code – 1954, the British code BS 8110 – 1985 and the American Code ACI 318 – 1989.

10. Limit State Method

The Limit State method of design covers the various forms of failure. There are several limit
states at which the structure ceases to function, the most important among them being,
a. The limit state of collapse or total failure of structure.
It corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity. Violation of collapse implies
failure. This limit state corresponds to Flexure, Compression, Shear and Torsion.
b. The limit state of serviceability
The limit state of serviceability includes excessive deflection and excessive local damage.
Excessive deflection adversely affects the finishes and excessive local damage results in
cracking of concrete, which impairs the efficiency, or appearance of the structure.

Load Combinations in Limit State Method

Various Load Combinations are done for critical conditions.
As per NBC 105:1994
1. DL + 1.3LL ± 1.25E/Q
2. 0.9DL ± 1.25E/Q
3. 0.9DL + 1.3SL ± 1.25E/Q
Following Load Combinations are adopted as per IS 1893 (Part I): 2002 Cl.6.3.1.2:

Load Combination Load Factor

1. Dead Load + Live Load 1.5

2. Dead Load + Live Load +E/Q Static Load + X direction 1.2
3. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load - X direction 1.2
4. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load + Y direction 1.2
5. Dead Load + Live Load + E/Q Static Load - Y direction 1.2
6. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load + X direction 1.5
7. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load - X direction 1.5
8. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load + Y direction 1.5
9. Dead Load + E/Q Static Load - Y direction 1.5
10. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load + X direction 0.9 & 1.5 respectively
11. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load - X direction 0.9 & 1.5 respectively
12. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load + Y direction 0.9 & 1.5 respectively
13. Dead Load +E/Q Static Load - Y direction 0.9 & 1.5 respectively

BUILDING DESCRIPTION
ARCHITECTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF BUILDING
Type of Building: Commercial Building
Type of structural system: Reinforced Concrete Frame
Plinth area covered 1636 sq.ft
Number of stories 3 storey
Design provision for future extension 0 storey
Story Height 2.84m
Type of beam Rectangular beam
Type of column Square
Type of slab Two way
Type of staircase Spiral
Height of parapet wall 1m
Total height of the Building 8.52 m
Least lateral base dimension of the building 9.6 m
External wall/ some internal wall 230 mm
Few internal wall 115 mm
Plaster thickness 15 mm
CONSTRUCTION SITE
LOCATION Kathmandu
Soil type Type II (Stiff clay)
Bearing capacity 150 KN/mm2
DIMENSIONS AND MATERIALS
Slab thickness 125mm
Footing
Tie Beam size (mm) 230 x 230
Beam size (mm) 230X350
Column size (mm) 350X350

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Cement Ordinary Portland cement
Grade of concrete M20,
Grade of steel Fe500

ASSESSMENT OF UNIT LOADS OF MATERIALS

DENSITY OF MATERIALS
Reinforced concrete 25.0KN/m3
Brick masonry 19.2KN/m3
Rebar 78.5KN/m3

ASSESSMENT OF LIVE LOAD FROM IS 875-II (IMPOSED LOAD)

Unit loads on floor

All Rooms and kitchen 2.0 KN/m2
Toilet and Bathrooms 2.0 KN/m2
Corridors , passage, staircases, Verandas 3.0 KN/m2
Roof (accessible) 1.5 KN/m2
Roof (Non accessible) 0.75 KN/m2

METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Analysis method adopted for EQ resistant design: Seismic coefficient

Total number of design load cases considered: Thirteen
Seismic zoning factor: 1.0
Seismic zone: V
Basic seismic coefficient: 0.09
Important factor: 1.0
Structural performance factor: 1.0
Seismic weight of structure: 3982.72KN
Horizontal base shear at plinth level: 358.44KN
Fundamental time period considered: 0.374 sec
Top storey Deflection: 16.57mm
Max. Storey Drift: 0.0009
OUTPUT DETAILS
Base Shear Calculation

Seismic Coefficient Method as per IS 1893:20021

Base Shear Calculation

Reduction factor, R=5

Importance factor, I=1

Zone factor, Z=0.36

Height of building, H =8.52m

Load Dir Damping Time Zone Soil Importance Seismic Base

case . Coeff. Period factor Type factor Weight Shear
(%) (Z) (kN)
(I) W (kN)

3982.7 358.77
EQX X 5 0.374 0.36 II 1.0

3982.7 358.77
EQY Y 5 0.374 0.36 II 1.0

EQx EQy
 3/4/2020

Drift
Deflection Storey Allowable ratio(DRIFT/HEI Chec
Story Height Drift drift GHT k
(0.004h)
EQx EQy EQx EQy EQx EQy
X-Dir Y-Dir X-Dir Y-Dir X- Y- ∆X<0.004 ∆Y<0.004h
Dir(∆x) Dir(∆y) h
m mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
15.63 16.66 0.000 0.00077
8.52 4.38 4.71 8
Story Ok Ok
3 11.36
Story 5.68 11.24 11.98 0.000 0.0009
2 6.32 6.77 8
11.36 Ok Ok
Story 2.84 4.92 5.21 4.92 5.21 11.36 0.00077 Ok Ok
1 0.0006
Base 0 0 0 0 0 11.36 0 0 Ok Ok

Drift of Structure

Drift at x Drift at y

4.2 Auto Seismic Loading

Page 10 of 15
 2/1/2023

IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern eqx
according to IS 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa Sa 1.36 Sa

= = 1.681786
/g [IS 6.4.2] g T g
Equivalent Lateral Forces

S
ZI ga
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.809 3948.9873 239.0887
X + Ecc. Y 0.809 3948.9873 239.0887
X - Ecc. Y 0.809 3948.9873 239.0887

Applied Story Forces

Page 11 of 15
 2/1/2023

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 8.5344 132.8625 0
Story2 5.6896 84.9809 0
Story1 2.8448 21.2452 0
Base 0 0 0

Page 12 of 15
 2/1/2023

IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern eqy
according to IS 1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.
Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple
Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms
Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa Sa 1.36 Sa

= = 1.736521
/g [IS 6.4.2] g T g
Equivalent Lateral Forces

S
ZI ga
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2]
Ah =
2R
Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0.783 3948.9873 246.87
Y + Ecc. X 0.783 3948.9873 246.87
Y - Ecc. X 0.783 3948.9873 246.87

Applied Story Forces

Page 13 of 15
 2/1/2023

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 8.5344 0 137.1866
Story2 5.6896 0 87.7467
Story1 2.8448 0 21.9367
Base 0 0 0

Page 14 of 15
 7/27/2019

Page 15 of 15