Data-Analytic Im1 2022-2023

Republic of the Philippines
NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE
IM No.: IM-LM2-1ST-2022-
2023
College: Industrial Technology

Campus: Bambang, Nueva Vizcaya
DEGREE BSHM COURSE NO. LM 2

PROGRAM
SPECIALIZATION Hospitality COURSE TITLE Data Analytic in the Hospitality Industry with
Management Spreadsheet
YEAR LEVEL BSHM 3 TIME FRAME 9 hrs WK NO. 1-3 IM NO. 01
I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

DATA MANAGEMENT FOR HOSPITALITY AND GAMING
II. LESSON TITLE

1. Data Management Challenge and Opportunity
2. Data Storage
3. Data Integration
4. Data Quality
5. Benefits of Data Management
6. Responsible Use of Data
III. LESSON OVERVIEW
This course prepares students to gather, describe, and analyze data, and
use advanced statistical tools to make decisions on operations, risk
management, finance, marketing, etc. Analysis is done targeting economic and
financial decisions in complex systems that involve multiple partners. Topics
include probability, statistics, hypothesis testing, regression, clustering, decision
trees, and forecasting.
IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. discuss data management, challenge and opportunity in hospitality and gaming;
2. develop the use of data in hospitality management.
V. LESSON CONTENT
1. DATA MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY
What is data management?

Data management is the practice of collecting, organizing, protecting, and
storing an organization’s data so it can be analyzed for business decisions. As
organizations create and consume data at unprecedented rates, data
management solutions become essential for making sense of the vast quantities
of data. Today’s leading data management software ensures that reliable, up-to-
date data is always used to drive decisions. The software helps with everything
NVSU-FR-ICD-05-00 (081220)” In Accordance with Section. Fair Use of a Copyrighted Works of Republic Act 8293, the
copyrighted works included in this material may be reproduced for educational purposes only and not for commercial
distribution”.
Page 1 of 48
2023
from data preparation to cataloging, search, and governance, allowing people to

quickly find the information they need for analysis.
Types of Data Management

Data management plays several roles in an organization’s data
environment, making essential functions easier and less time intensive. These
data management techniques include the following:
 Data preparation is used to clean and transform raw data into the right
shape and format for analysis, including making corrections and
combining data sets.
 Data pipelines enable the automated transfer of data from one system to
another.
 ETLs (Extract, Transform, Load) are built to take the data from one
system, transform it, and load it into the organization’s data warehouse.
 Data catalogs help manage metadata to create a complete picture of the
data, providing a summary of its changes, locations, and quality while
also making the data easy to find.
 Data warehouses are places to consolidate various data sources,
contend with the many data types of businesses store, and provide a
clear route for data analysis.
 Data governance defines standards, processes, and policies to maintain
data security and integrity.
 Data architecture provides a formal approach for creating and managing
data flow.
 Data security protects data from unauthorized access and corruption.
 Data modeling documents the flow of data through an application or
organization.
Why data management is important

Data management is a crucial first step to employing effective data
analysis at scale, which leads to important insights that add value to your
customers and improve your bottom line. With effective data management,
people across an organization can find and access trusted data for their queries.
Some benefits of an effective data management solution include:
Visibility
Data management can increase the visibility of your organization’s data
assets, making it easier for people to quickly and confidently find the right data
for their analysis. Data visibility allows your company to be more organized and
productive, allowing employees to find the data they need to better do their jobs.
Reliability
Data management helps minimize potential errors by establishing
processes and policies for usage and building trust in the data being used to
make decisions across your organization. With reliable, up-to-date data,
companies can respond more efficiently to market changes and customer needs.
distribution”.
Page 2 of 48
2023
Security
Data management protects your organization and its employees from data
losses, thefts, and breaches with authentication and encryption tools. Strong
data security ensures that vital company information is backed up and retrievable
should the primary source become unavailable. Additionally, security becomes
more and more important if your data contains any personally identifiable
information that needs to be carefully managed to comply with consumer
protection laws.
Scalability
Data management allows organizations to effectively scale data and usage
occasions with repeatable processes to keep data and metadata up to date.
When processes are easy to repeat, your organization can avoid the
unnecessary costs of duplication, such as employees conducting the same
research over and over again or re-running costly queries unnecessarily.
Data Management Challenges

Most of the challenges in data management today stem from the faster
pace of business and the increasing proliferation of data. The ever-expanding
variety, velocity, and volume of data available to organizations is pushing them to
seek more-effective management tools to keep up. Some of the top challenges
organizations face include the following:
Lack of data insight Data from an increasing number and variety of sources
such as sensors, smart devices, social media, and video
cameras is being collected and stored. But none of that
data is useful if the organization doesn’t know what data it
has, where it is, and how to use it. Data management
solutions need scale and performance to deliver meaningful
insights in a timely manner.
Difficulty maintaining Organizations are capturing, storing, and using more data
data-management all the time. To maintain peak response times across this
performance levels expanding tier, organizations need to continuously monitor
the type of questions the database is answering and
change the indexes as the queries change—without
affecting performance.
Challenges complying Compliance regulations are complex and multijurisdictional,

with changing data and they change constantly. Organizations need to be able
requirements to easily review their data and identify anything that falls
under new or modified requirements. In particular,
personally identifiable information (PII) must be detected,
distribution”.
Page 3 of 48
2023
tracked, and monitored for compliance with increasingly

strict global privacy regulations.
Need to easily Collecting and identifying the data itself doesn’t provide any
process and convert value—the organization needs to process it. If it takes a lot
data of time and effort to convert the data into what they need
for analysis, that analysis won’t happen. As a result, the
potential value of that data is lost.
Constant need to In the new world of data management, organizations store

store data effectively data in multiple systems, including data warehouses and
unstructured data lakes that store any data in any format in
a single repository. An organization’s data scientists need a
way to quickly and easily transform data from its original
format into the shape, format, or model they need it to be in
for a wide array of analyses.
Demand to With the availability of cloud data management systems,

continually optimize organizations can now choose whether keep and analyze
IT agility and costs data in on-premises environments, in the cloud, or in a
hybrid mixture of the two. IT organizations need to evaluate
the level of identicality between on-premises and cloud
environments in order to maintain maximum IT agility and
lower costs.
Though many hotel systems have built-in analytics tools, their capabilities
may be restricted to solving narrow tasks in a particular niche. As a rule,
software like the PMS provides you with basic business KPIs but doesn’t explain
trends and their causes. If you see that the occupancy rate is lower than
expected, you often can’t respond adequately without additional insights.
To dive deeper into available information and turn it into effective

decisions, you need tailored business intelligence (BI) solutions that work with
different data sources and present results in a convenient visual form. Let’s see
how hotels can get a boost from modern BI-fueled software.
Better demand forecasting and price optimization

Demand forecasting and price optimization are the main tasks of revenue
management (RM) that aims at maximizing profitability for hotels. Often the
concept of RM is described as “selling rooms via the right distribution channels to
the right clients at the right time and for the right price.”
distribution”.
Page 4 of 48
2023
The biggest key to solving this equation with numerous unknowns is the
right technology. It should take into account multiple factors (from weather to
upcoming events) impacting booking decisions and support real-time or dynamic
pricing — a set of practices for aligning room rates with shifts in demand.
The US economy hotel chain used analytical tools to predict that 3 percent
of flight cancelations will lead to nearly 90,000 passengers stranded in airports
near their hotels every day. Next, revenue managers reached publicly available
weather reports and datasets on flight cancellations to forecast when and where
delays and cancellations would likely hit the 3 percent limit.
Then, knowing that most passengers would use mobile phones to search
for nearby lodging options the company launched a marketing campaign aimed
at mobile device users in the geographical areas affected by the bad weather.
This resulted in a 10 percent increase in revenue in regions where the strategy
was employed.
Estimating channel profitability

To learn the demand level for each of your distribution channels, you can just
look through your PMS reports. However, for understanding a channel’s true
value, you need to consider far more facts and figures such as:
 commissions and advertising costs.

 average income per day, month, and year.
 cancellation rate; and
 days of the week when the channel in question attracts most bookings.
After feeding this data to business intelligence, you can identify OTAs or booking
engines that attract most deluxe room reservations, design optimal channel mix
and turn down sources that don’t generate profits.
Improving customer experience

A recent survey by the Global Business Travel Association (GBTA) shows
that only one in five hospitality companies have implemented customer
satisfaction programs. It’s no wonder as the guest-first approach requires extra
investments, including spending on new technologies. Yet, saving money now
risks losing demanding clients to competitors soon.
The core of a profitable client-centric strategy is guest data, captured by

hotel software and external sources. Business intelligence can turn fragmented
information into recommendations on what should be improved to keep guests
happy and how to enhance the customer experience at every step of their hotel
journey, from the booking phase to checkout.
Identifying the total guest value
distribution”.
Page 5 of 48
2023
From a revenue manager’s point of view, not all guests are equal. Some
visitors limit themselves to using hotel rooms only, not ordering additional
services, while others splurge on dining, fitness activities, spa treatments, hotel
casino, celebrating special occasions, and so on.
By using BI tools, revenue managers can go beyond the standard

performance metrics such as RevPAR (revenue per available room) and spot the
most profitable customers along with their behavior patterns and preferences.
This information is essential for targeting high-rolling clients with tailored,
personalized offers and turning them into repeat guests.
Optimizing housekeeping expenses

As mentioned before, cleanliness is the primary factor affecting booking
decisions. Meanwhile, when hotels spend more on keeping rooms clean, guests
all too often don’t notice positive changes. Regarding these facts and the rising
cost of labor, many hospitality companies took an analytical approach to
understand how they can minimize expenses without sacrificing quality.
How to make sense of data chaos

Data is worthless and, worse yet, can disorient or drive to wrong
conclusions. Without implementing a data management culture, hotel
administrators and other employees can be buried in heaps of diversified and
often conflicting facts and figures. Here are some final tips to harness your data
and make it priceless.
 Don’t collect more than necessary. Decide why you need particular data
and how it can help you reach your business goals. Don’t waste time and
storage space on information you are not going to utilize.
 Integrate. Hotels often tend to operate isolated applications for different
functional areas. Ideally, all your systems and tools should be integrated
with each other for seamless data exchange.
 Centralize. If possible, use a single dashboard connected with different
systems. This way, you will have a centralized view of your business and
bring all departments together.
 Invest in training. Teach your staff to collect, unify, and organize data in
the hotel software, using different sources of information — both physical
and digital.
 Keep it in a data warehouse. This will ensure that the data you need is
cleansed, structured, conveniently packaged, always at hand, and ready
to use by analytical tools.
 Analyze it. Perhaps, your PMS can calculate key hotel KPIs, based on
booking data it operates. Yet, you need more powerful analytics tools to
extract valuable insights. There are many ready-to-use BI solutions on
the market. However, chances are that none of them will perfectly fit your
specific business needs. Custom BI solutions offer more flexibility and will
accurately meet your requirements. But, it takes time, money and tech
distribution”.
Page 6 of 48
2023
skills to develop them. Anyway, consult with BI analysts first to balance

cost, quality, and efficiency.
 Visualize it. Your business intelligence may apply extremely complex
algorithms to endless rows and columns of data. However, the results
should be presented in a comprehensible and helpful form so your hotel
managers can use it to track trends, tweak their daily workflow, and make
better decisions. At the end of the day, the data should make everybody’s
life and work easier rather than the reverse.
2. DATA STORAGE
Data storage describes what type of, where, and how hardware or software
holds, deletes, backs up, organizes, and secures information. This includes
keeping data in temporary or permanent storage. The digitization of
manufacturing, known as Industry 4.0, is a good example of how the enormous
volumes of data, real-time analysis, and quickness drive innovation and increase
data storage demands.
The simplicity of using a paper punch card to hold data has long gone by the
wayside. Today data can be stored not only on hard disks, memory cards, and
DVDs but also in the cloud, and on atoms and DNA. Consider these questions to
better understand what data storage is:
Image Credit: Sublime gate
What type of thing holds the data? For example, data can sit on hard disks,
flash drives, Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) systems, and DNA. A virtual
software-defined infrastructure also may hold data.
Where is the data stored? For example, data can be stored on-premise, in
server farms, on the Internet of Things (IoT), or through a data storage service,
as a cloud provider.
How is the data stored? For example, solid-state drives use “electronically
programmable and erasable memory microchips” to store data. Other storage
devices may use Light Store, an environmentally friendly technology, or flash
distribution”.
Page 7 of 48
2023
memory, an” electronic, non-volatile data storage medium that is erased and
reprogrammed electrically” to store data.
Other Definitions of Data Storage Include:

 “The ability to keep all potentially valuable data assets around,
organized, and protected as information volumes explode.” (Jennifer
Zaino)
 The infrastructure needed to deal with the information wished to be
kept. (Amber Lee Dennis)
 “Information storage-related hardware and software technologies.”
(Gartner)
 An architecture delivering “high I/O throughput and data
availability.” (Forbes)
 “Making data readily available to users in real-time.” (TechRepublic)
Data Storage Use Cases Include:
Image Credit: Science X
 Increasing the capacity for deep learning datasets

 Adding data storage to a military drone so that it can use edge
computing
 Using online data storage for more valuable marketing and sales
data
 Keeping high volumes of video data for analysis
 Preserving readable information on a strand of DNA
Businesses Use Data Storage to:

 Hold large quantities of data
 Secure information
 Transport data from one location to another
 Keep from losing data
 Enable artificial intelligence (AI)
distribution”.
Page 8 of 48
2023
Image Credit: TechCrunch
3. DATA INTEGRATION
Data integration refers to the technical and business processes used to

combine data from multiple sources to provide a unified, single view of the data.
‍
Data integration is the practice of consolidating data from disparate

sources into a single dataset with the ultimate goal of providing users with
consistent access and delivery of data across the spectrum of subjects and
structure types, and to meet the information needs of all applications and
business processes. The data integration process is one of the main
components in the overall data management process, employed with increasing
frequency as big data integration and the need to share existing data continues
to grow.
Data integration architects develop data integration software programs and

data integration platforms that facilitate an automated data integration process
distribution”.
Page 9 of 48
2023
for connecting and routing data from source systems to target systems. This can
be achieved through a variety of data integration techniques, including:
 Extract, Transform and Load: copies of datasets from disparate

sources are gathered together, harmonized, and loaded into a data
warehouse or database
 Extract, Load and Transform: data is loaded as is into a big data
system and transformed at a later time for particular analytics uses
 Change Data Capture: identifies data changes in databases in real-
time and applies them to a data warehouse or other repositories
 Data Replication: data in one database is replicated to other
databases to keep the information the information synchronized to
operational uses and for backup
 Data Virtualization: data from different systems are virtually
combined to create a unified view rather than loading data into a
new repository
 Streaming Data Integration: a real time data integration method in
which different streams of data are continuously integrated and fed
into analytics systems and data stores
4. DATA QUALITY
Data quality is the measure of how well suited a data set is to serve its
specific purpose. Measures of data quality are based on data quality
characteristics such as accuracy, completeness, consistency, validity,
uniqueness, and timeliness.
distribution”.
Page 10 of 48
2023
‍
Data quality refers to the development and implementation of activities that
apply quality management techniques to data in order to ensure the data is fit to
serve the specific needs of an organization in a particular context. Data that is
deemed fit for its intended purpose is considered high quality data.
Examples of data quality issues include duplicated data, incomplete data,

inconsistent data, incorrect data, poorly defined data, poorly organized data, and
poor data security.
Data quality assessments are executed by data quality analysts, who

assess and interpret each individual data quality metric, aggregate a score for
the overall quality of the data, and provide organizations with a percentage to
represent the accuracy of their data. A low data quality scorecard indicates poor
data quality, which is of low value, is misleading, and can lead to poor decision
making that may harm the organization.
Data quality rules are an integral component of data governance, which is

the process of developing and establishing a defined, agreed-upon set of rules
and standards by which all data across an organization is governed. Effective
data governance should harmonize data from various data sources, create and
monitor data usage policies, and eliminate inconsistencies and inaccuracies that
would otherwise negatively impact data analytics accuracy and regulatory
compliance.
Data Quality Dimension

By which metrics do we measure data quality? There are six main
dimensions of data quality: accuracy, completeness, consistency, validity,
uniqueness, and timeliness.
 Accuracy: The data should reflect actual, real-world scenarios; the

measure of accuracy can be confirmed with a verifiable source.
 Completeness: Completeness is a measure of the data’s ability to
effectively deliver all the required values that are available.
 Consistency: Data consistency refers to the uniformity of data as it
moves across networks and applications. The same data values
stored in difference locations should not conflict with one another.
 Validity: Data should be collected according to defined business
rules and parameters and should conform to the right format and
fall within the right range.
 Uniqueness: Uniqueness ensures there are no duplications or
overlapping of values across all data sets. Data cleansing and
deduplication can help remedy a low uniqueness score.
 Timeliness: Timely data is data that is available when it is required.
Data may be updated in real time to ensure that it is readily
available and accessible.
distribution”.
Page 11 of 48
2023
How to improve Data Quality

Data quality measures can be accomplished with data quality tools, which
typically provide data quality management capabilities such as:
 Data profiling - The first step in the data quality improvement
process is understanding your data. Data profiling is the initial
assessment of the current state of the data sets.
 Data Standardization - Disparate data sets are conformed to a
common data format.
 Geocoding - The description of a location is transformed into
coordinates that conform to U.S. and worldwide geographic
standards
 Matching or Linking - Data matching identifies and merges
matching pieces of information in big data sets.
 Data Quality Monitoring - Frequent data quality checks are
essential. Data quality software in combination with machine
learning can automatically detect, report, and correct data
variations based on predefined business rules and parameters.
 Batch and Real time - Once the data is initially cleansed, an
effective data quality framework should be able to deploy the same
rules and processes across all applications and data types at scale.
A good data quality service should provide a data quality dashboard that
delivers a flexible user experience and can be tailored to the specific needs of
the data quality stewards and data scientists running data quality oversight.
These tools and solutions can provide data quality testing but cannot fix
completely broken and incomplete data. A solid data management framework
should be in place to develop, execute, and manage the policies, strategies, and
programs that govern, secure, and enhance the value of data collected by an
organization.
‍5. BENEFITS OF DATA MANAGEMENT
distribution”.
Page 12 of 48
2023
Now, when you are familiar with its basics, let us move forward to how the
data management system benefits businesses.
1. Eliminate Data Redundancy

Often while processing data in file-based data management systems,
duplicate files are created. Even multiple copies of the same file are stored in
different locations in a system or across multiple systems. This leads to data
redundancy. However, to resolve or reduce these files you require additional
manpower and space.
DMS allows you to reduce such repetitions by integrating all the files in a
single database. While the scattered data is getting converted into a single
database, the system deletes all the duplicate values. Besides, any change or
duplicate entries are reflected almost immediately. Controlling data redundancy
through DMS results in more accurate data and huge savings on resources and
productive time.
2. Data Sharing and Privacy

DMS allows you to share the data among the authorized users of the
database. In a database, complete access belongs to the management and only
the authorized person can assign the level of access to other users after verifying
all the protocols. As the users have permission, they can view and modify the
data files on their own as per their tasks.
3. Data Integrity and Security

DMS ensures the integrity and safety of your data. Data integrity relates to
data accuracy and consistency which play a major role as there are large
volumes of data in multiple databases. These databases are visible to different
users who use the information available to make business-related decisions.
Thus, it gets essential to only include correct and consistent data for all users.
Besides, safety is another aspect that is important to organizations. DMS

allows only authorized users to access the database, ensuring that your data is
tamperproof, secure and theft free. It verifies your identity by assigning a
username and password to you.
4. Backup and Recovery

Data loss is one of the major concerns for organizations. In the usual file
processing system, you need to regularly backup the database that wastes lots of
time and resources. And, if you have large volumes of data then the process
takes a lot of time.
With DMS, you don’t need to back up your data frequently. It duly takes
care of the backup and recovery process by automatically backing up your data at
regular intervals. Besides, you don’t even need to worry even if your system
crashes in the middle of a process, or you have a system failure. DMS restores
the database to its last saved condition.
distribution”.
Page 13 of 48
2023
5. Data Consistency
There are multiple users who access the data for their respective tasks.
Thus, data consistency is a must for accurate business decisions. As DMS
ensures no data redundancy, data consistency is fairly easy to maintain.
All the data remains consistent for all the users. Even the minutest change
to the database is reflected in the database and visible to all who are using the
database.
6. RESPONSIBLE USE OF DATA
Using data in a responsible manner is an integral part of any Digital

Society. Responsible data science promotes best practices that maximize the
availability of high-quality data while limiting the potential for misuse that could
erode fundamental rights and undermine the public trust in digital technologies.
Responsible Data (RD) is a concept outlining our collective duty to

prioritize and respond to the ethical, legal, social and privacy-related challenges
that come from using data in new and different ways in advocacy and social
change.
RD encompasses a variety of issues which are sometimes thought about

separately, like data privacy and data protection, or ethical challenges. We
believe that in order for any of them to be truly addressed, they need to be
considered together.
Key elements of Responsible Data include:

 Power dynamics: who are the least powerful actors in any
situation, how are they affected by the data, and what do they make
of the situation? How powerful are the people making decisions
about data and technology in relation to those whose data is being
collected and used?
 Unknown unknowns: we can’t see into the future, but we can build
in checks and balances to alert us if something unexpected is
happening.
 Precautionary principle: just because we can, doesn’t mean we
should. If we can’t sufficiently evaluate the risk and understand the
harms, then perhaps we should pause for a minute, and re-evaluate
what we’re doing, and why.
 Thoughtful innovation: for new ideas to have the best possible
chance of succeeding – and for everyone to benefit from those new
ideas and projects – innovation needs to be approached with care
and thought, not just speed.
 Holding ourselves high: in many cases, legal and regulatory
frameworks have not yet caught up to the real-world effects of data
and technology. How can we push ourselves to have higher
standards and to lead by example?
distribution”.
Page 14 of 48
2023
 Diversity and bias: who makes the decisions? What perspectives

are missing, and how can we include a diversity of thought and
approach to ensure that a wide range of approaches are included?
 Building better behaviors: there is no one-size-fits-all for RD.
Existing culture, context and behaviors change the implications and
ways in which data is used.
Within social change work, there is usually a stark power asymmetry. From
humanitarian work, to campaigning, documenting human rights violations to
movement building, advocacy organizations are often led by – and work with –
vulnerable or marginalized communities. We often approach social change work
through a critical lens, prioritizing how to mitigate power asymmetries. We
believe we need to do the same thing when it comes to the data we work with –
question it, understand its limitations, and learn from it in responsible ways.
In one way or another, all data is shaped by people and their decisions.
How we treat data, how we think about what it tells us (or what it doesn’t), how
we choose what to collect and what not to collect all have impacts upon people.
Responsible Data practices are a way of bringing those considerations to the
fore to ensure we use data in a way that strengthens our work and mitigates the
unintended consequences of our work.
There are very few formulas to addressing responsible data challenges,

and resources the community develops will encourage structured confrontation
of the complexity inherent in responsible data. These resources also will propose
ways to identify and address blind spots before they directly threaten the
effectiveness of social change aims.
distribution”.
Page 15 of 48
2023
IX. References
A. Book/Printed Resources
Jones, P., (2008). Handbook of Hospitality Operations and IT. Oxford, UK:

Butterworth
Heinemann.
Lea R Dopson; David K Hayes (2018), Food And Beverage Cost Control,
Hoboken, New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Schroder, K.E., Carey, M.P., Venable, P.A. (2003). Methodological challenges in

research
on sexual risk behavior: I. Item content, scaling, and data analytic options. Ann
Behav Med, 26(2): 76-103.Shamoo, A.E., Resnik, B.R. (2003). Responsible
Conduct of Research. Oxford University Press.
Shamoo, A.E. (1989). Principles of Research Data Audit. Gordon and Breach,
New York.
Shepard, R.J. (2002). Ethics in exercise science research. Sports Med, 32 (3):
169-183.
Silverman, S., Manson, M. (2003). Research on teaching in physical education
doctoral
dissertations: a detailed investigation of focus, method, and analysis. Journal of
Teaching in Physical Education, 22(3): 280-297.
Smeeton, N., Goda, D. (2003). Conducting and presenting social work research:
some basic
statistical considerations. Br J Soc Work, 33: 567-573.
Thompson, B., Noferi, G. 2002. Statistical, practical, clinical: How many types of
significance
should be considered in counseling research? Journal of Counseling &
Development,
80(4):64-71.
Resnik, D. (2000). Statistics, ethics, and research: an agenda for educations and
reform.
Accountability in Research. 8: 163-88
B. e-Resources
distribution”.
Page 16 of 48
2023
Dopson, L. R., Hayes, D. K., Food and beverage cost control. 6th edition.
(2016), Retrieved
January, 2020 from http://www.cotr.bc.ca/bookstore/cotr_web.asp?
IDNumber=164 for
a complete list of the currently required textbooks.
Harley-Davidson Inc., Financial Statements, Retrieved January, 2020 from

http://www.google.com/finance?q=NYSE
%3AHOG&fstype=ii&ei=jIKsqfrAHHp4GoCA
Harding, R. (2014, June 30). The productivity puzzles. Financial Times.

Retrieved January,
2020 from http://www.ft.com/
Financial Management (2019). HOG historical prices, Harley Davidson, Inc.

common stock.
(n.d.). Retrieved January, 2020 from http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?
s=HOG+Historical+Prices
Jack E. Miller, Lea R. Dopson and David K. Hayes (2014), Food and Beverage
Cost Control
Third Edition, Retrieved January, 2020 from
https://www.scribd.com/document/364370774/Food-and-Beverage-Cost-Control-
pdf
Lea R. Dopson, David K. Hayes, Food and Beverage Cost Control, 7th Edition
(2016),
Retrieved January, 2020 from
https://www.wiley.com/enus/Food+and+Beveragentrol%2C+7th+Edition
Marina Bay Sands, (2015). Media Centre | Company Information | Marina Bay

Sands. [online]
Marinabaysands.com, Retrieved January, 2020
<http://www.marinabaysands.com/company-information/media-
centre.html>
Noble, D.F. (2012), Gallery of best resumes: A collection of quality resumes by

professional
resume writer, Retrieved January, 2020,
http://login.library.sheridanc.on.ca/login?
Odom, Clement K., "Logistics and Supply Chain Management in the Hotel
Industry: Impact
on Hotel Performance in Service Delivery" (2012). UNLV Theses,
Dissertations,
distribution”.
Page 17 of 48
2023
Professional Papers, and Capstones. 1339. Retrieved January, 2020,

https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/thesesdissertations/1339
Partridge, A.R (2011) Foodservice Logistics Brings Value to The Table.

Retrieved January,
2020 http://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/foodservice-ticsvalue-to-the
table/
Peter Briscoe and Griff Tripp (2016), Chapter 4. Food and Beverage Services,
Retrieved
January, 2020 from https://opentextbc.ca/ir-4-food-and-beverage-services/
STR Global (2012). Hotel types. Retrieved January, 2020 from

http://www.strglobal.com/Resources/Glossary.aspx#H
Stuart-Hill, T (2013) A practical guide to competitive set selection: hotel business

review,
Retrieved January, 2020 from
http://hotelexecutive.com/business_tical-guideto- competitive-set-
selection
Terry, L. (2007) Hospitality Logistics: Supply Chains Made to Order, Retrieved

January,
2020 from http://www.inboundlogistics.com/cms/article/hospitality-
logistics--order/
WILL KENTON, Cost Control. Updated Apr 9, 2019 retrieved January, 2020 from
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost-control.asp
Wyndham Hotels & Resorts 2012 Corporate Information. (2012), Retrieved

January, 2020
from http://www.wyndham.com/corporate/recruiting/disciplines/corporateoffice/
main.wnt
Zhang, X., Song, H. and Huang, G., 2009. Tourism supply chain management: A
new research
agenda. Tourism Management, [online] 30(3), pp.345-358, Retrieved January,
2020 from
<http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261517708002161>
distribution”.
Page 18 of 48
2023
distribution”.
Page 19 of 48

Data-Analytic Im1 2022-2023

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Data-Analytic Im1 2022-2023

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA VIZCAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

College: Industrial Technology

DEGREE BSHM COURSE NO. LM 2

I. UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

II. LESSON TITLE

III. LESSON OVERVIEW

IV. DESIRED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

1. DATA MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGE AND OPPORTUNITY

What is data management?

from data preparation to cataloging, search, and governance, allowing people to

Types of Data Management

Why data management is important

Data Management Challenges

Challenges complying Compliance regulations are complex and multijurisdictional,

tracked, and monitored for compliance with increasingly

Constant need to In the new world of data management, organizations store

Demand to With the availability of cloud data management systems,

To dive deeper into available information and turn it into effective

Better demand forecasting and price optimization

Estimating channel profitability

 commissions and advertising costs.

Improving customer experience

The core of a profitable client-centric strategy is guest data, captured by

Identifying the total guest value

By using BI tools, revenue managers can go beyond the standard

Optimizing housekeeping expenses

How to make sense of data chaos

skills to develop them. Anyway, consult with BI analysts first to balance

Image Credit: Sublime gate

Other Definitions of Data Storage Include:

Data Storage Use Cases Include:

 Increasing the capacity for deep learning datasets

Businesses Use Data Storage to:

Data integration refers to the technical and business processes used to

Data integration is the practice of consolidating data from disparate

Data integration architects develop data integration software programs and

 Extract, Transform and Load: copies of datasets from disparate

Examples of data quality issues include duplicated data, incomplete data,

Data quality assessments are executed by data quality analysts, who

Data quality rules are an integral component of data governance, which is

Data Quality Dimension

 Accuracy: The data should reflect actual, real-world scenarios; the

How to improve Data Quality

‍5. BENEFITS OF DATA MANAGEMENT

1. Eliminate Data Redundancy

2. Data Sharing and Privacy

3. Data Integrity and Security

Besides, safety is another aspect that is important to organizations. DMS

4. Backup and Recovery

6. RESPONSIBLE USE OF DATA

Using data in a responsible manner is an integral part of any Digital

Responsible Data (RD) is a concept outlining our collective duty to

RD encompasses a variety of issues which are sometimes thought about

Key elements of Responsible Data include:

 Diversity and bias: who makes the decisions? What perspectives

There are very few formulas to addressing responsible data challenges,

Jones, P., (2008). Handbook of Hospitality Operations and IT. Oxford, UK:

Schroder, K.E., Carey, M.P., Venable, P.A. (2003). Methodological challenges in

Harley-Davidson Inc., Financial Statements, Retrieved January, 2020 from

Harding, R. (2014, June 30). The productivity puzzles. Financial Times.

Financial Management (2019). HOG historical prices, Harley Davidson, Inc.