UDC 669.14 : 620.178.152.2/.4 : 620.172 DEUTSCHE NORMEN Testing of Stee! and Cast Steet Conversion Table for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness and Tensile Strength a : i 3 § é Prifung von Stobi ui Stahiguss; Umwerlungstabolle tur Vickersharte, Brin For connection with EURONORM 8-55 issued by the European Community for Coal and Steel, see Explanations 4 Purpose and range of application The conversion table in this Standard applies = to hardness values determined according to the following standards: DIN 0103 Part t and Part 2 (Rockwell DIN 50 139 Part 1 (Vickers) and DIN 50351 Grinell = to tensile strength values determined according to DIN 50145 and = to values of HRO hardness") not standardized in German standards. Subject to the restrictions mentioned later, this conversion table applies to unalioyed and low alloy steels and cast steel in the hot formed or heat-treated condition, n the ‘case of high alloy and/or work-hardened steels, substantial deviations are likely in the conversion. Conversion between hardness values or from hardness values 10 tensile strength values essentially involves in accuracies which have o be taken into account. Extensive studies have shown that itis impossible to convert trom ‘one to another hardness values determined by different methods even when they have been determined with ‘exireme care, on the basis of a relationship that s valid for all metallic materials or even morely for all grades of ste! This stems from the fact that the indentation behaviour of ‘a material is determined by its stress-detormation be haviour ina very complex manner. A given conversion relationship will therefore provide better agreement, the closer is the stress-deformation behaviour of the material Under test to that of the materials used for deriving the conversion relationship. Note: In many cases, some information on the siress~ deformation behaviour ean be obtained from the elastic limit-tensile strength ratio. 2. Definitions Reference should be made to the standards quoted in Section 1 for an explanation of the definitions, formulae and symbols relating to the various methods of hardness testing. 3 Conversion 3.1. General The toliowing Table correlates corresponding hardness values obtained by various methods and tensile strength values, obtained in extensive tests Conversion as defined in this Standard means giving, for any experimentally determined hardness value obtained bya particular method, the corresponding hardness value {or another method or the corresponding tensile strength value as given in this Table Hardness conversion should only be corried out if itis no possible to use the prescribed test method, for example because no suitable testing machine is available or because the spacimen is not suitable for tasting with the testing machine of if it is not possible to take the speci mens required lor the prescribed method (e.9. tensile specimens) from the test piece Characteristics merely obtained indirectly by using this Standard may only be used as a basis for objections it there is an agreement to this etfect i he supply contract. H hardness or tensile strength values are determined by conversion to this Standard, the test method used for the measurement must be quoted and the fact that conver- sion has been carried out to this Standard. In principle, it must be remembered that any hardness determination is valid only for the region of the inden: tation. Where hardness changes occur, €.¢, with increasing distance from the surface, the results of Brinell and Vickers hardness measurements or even of the tensile test may deviate from the converted values simply as a result of differing amounts of stretching of the areas of the material measured ‘The value used for conversion shall be the mean of at least three individual harciness values. 4) International practice, e.g, ASTM E 18-74 Society for Testing and Materials) ‘American ued on pages 210.4 Explanations on page §Page2 DIN 50150 3.2. Conversion between hardness values ‘ considering the reliability of converted hardness velues, itis necessary to take account both of the accuracy of the hardness test method used and the width of the con- version scatter band, es shown schematically in Fig. 1 Curve a here represents the mean conversion relationship. for stools as defined in this Standard. Curves by and by define the range either side of 2 obtained on the basis of the differing stross-doformation behaviour of these steels, With ideal conversion, hardness value yg is obtained for 0. Taking into account the scatter band b, to by itis possible to obtain virtually any hardness value between Yor aNd Yo. Beyon¢ this, tis necessary to take account of the fact that even hardness value xo itso is still subject to the tuncertainty involved in the measuring process used, This, hardness can therefore vary between x, and x, 0 that the converted value can lie between yy and yo Note: In co-operative tosts conducted by the VDEN @ (Graphically determined) scatter band of #24HV10 oF £23HB was obtained from an valuation of about 700 ‘measured values for conversion between Vickers hard- ne = HV10 and Brinell hardness HB, 3.3. Conversion between hardness values and tensile strength values HW conversion from one hardness value to another may involve a substantial dispersion and systematic variations the dispersion obtained when converting between hard- ‘ess values and tensile strength values is bound to be even greater. One reason for this is the considerable difference between the deformation behaviour during hardness measurements and that in the tensile test which, ‘among other factors takes the form of different stress ‘conditions and differing rates of strain, Another reason ist the major differences in the stress-deformation behaviour of different steels, ‘The tensile strength values given in the Table should therefore be regarded only as approximate values that can in no sense replace measured values determined in the tensile test. Note: In co-operative tests carried out by the (graphically determined) scattor band of +: 254V hardness or +85N/mm? for tensile strenath wes ob from an evalvation of about 700 measured valves tor con version between Viekers hardness HV10 and tc Strength. At the same timo it was found that, with groups of steels, there was a possibilty of syste ations from the mean value line. Thus, with the pearlitic steel group in the range between 300HV nnd 5001110 for example, values of tensile strength wore obtained which were on average some 100 NImm® above t strength values obtained trom this Table. - ee a Method 1 ——= Figure 1. Schematic representation of scatter bands for hardness conversionBrinell hardness%) 760 80,7 355 90,2 950 998 105 109 114 119 124 128 133 138 143 96.4 v0 101.4 147 152 156 162 166. wt 103.6 105.5 107.2 108,7 1101 114.3 1124 | 113.4 1143 a 2) Caleulated from: HB = 0.95 - HY The figures in brackots aro hardness valuas that lie outside the rango of definilion of the standarvired h ‘methods but which in practice are frequently used as approximate values.Pagea DIN'50150 7 aera aoe 1 Tensile | Vickers Brinett Rockwell hardness | ¢ strength hardness | hardness?) Sree F a fe | wun? | «rs08ny [oor fy angty)| HRB | HAF | RC | HBA HRD. | HAN | Hm gon | Hast) vss | ooo] a | ae Teewad aaa cosa ck cao i190 | 370 352 | | arz | ss0 | ro2 | s7a | aoa 3220 360 201 | ane | saa | roe) S84) ane 1255 | 390 an | 398 | ssa | eos | saa | 429 1290 | 400 | 380 | | } 408 | so | soe | 602 | 441 1320 390 418) 714 | soe | aia 1350 309 | 427 Ta | ars | Bre } 1305, 409 | aae | 72a | sa2 | 23 1420 418 | | | 1455 428 | | 1408 437 1520 347 1955 (450 1595 (56) 1630 ars sees | 510 wes) 1700 | 520 | aoa | v0 | 530 | wo | 775 | si | ia) vio | sso | (623) i wis | 560 | (53) | 586 130 | 570 | (542) | 93 1920 | se | S51) | 599 95 | 999 son | cos res | 600 | (S70) | 612 zog0 | 610 so) | 789 | ar | eur 2070 | 620 (689) 792 | 742 | ede 2105 | 620 2) 795 746 | 630 2145 | 640 (08) | 798 751 | 635 210 | 650 (ere) 80.0 | 753 | ext | | 808 764 | 653 2 808 zea | 67 | sar) Bit | 772 | 82 | 601 | 813 | 77e | ear oO 720 | ero | 18 | 715 zea | o77 700 e25 | 026 | 726 | 797 688 720 es3 | 930 |. 733 B04 702 ea | eo | ee | 738 bm | 70 e200 | car | aaa | 7a; a | 78 | a0 esa | aa: | 748 | 0 a22 | 722 | 860 659 | a4 | 75: 627 | 731 880 66.4 | 847 8 ast | 736 900 670 | aso | | | sxe | 742 | $20 7s | asa | 765 | 90 | oxo | me eo | | cao | ese | 7e8 | ss2 | exe | 75a The figures in brackets are hardness values that le outside the range of definition of the standardized hardness test | methods but which in practice ate frequently used as epproximate values. Apart from thi, the Brinell hardness values in | brackets apply only i the measurement is mace with a carbide Dall | ") See page 1 2) Caleulated from: HB ~ 0.95 - HVExplanations This Standaed has boon prepared by Advisory Comnitiee A2a “Hardness testing’ of the Fachnormonausschws Materiaiprutung (Technical Committee tor Materials, Testing). It takes account of engineering developments since the corresponding Preliminary Standard appeared in May 1957. The changes compared with the Pretiminary Standard and the essontial reasons for these are given below. ‘The hardness values for scales HRA, HRD, HAF, HR1SN, H2ON, and HA458 have been newly adopted. The need for this arose from the standardization of these scales which has taken place in the meantime (DIN 50103 Part 1 land Part 2). Rockwell hardness scale HRD, which is not standardized in Germany, has been adopted inthis successor issue because it also is widely used. The numerical values given for the methods in this Table are in agreement with ASTM E 140-1972. The hardness values for scales HRB and HRC in the Table have also been taken from ASTM E 140+ 1972. This resulted in only minor differences compared with the previous conversion for HRC (Preliminary Stand ‘ard DIN £0150, May 1957 issue), and at the same time provided better agreement with test values in the case of HRD. it was not possible to include hardness values for scales HAIST, H-3OT and HAST because adequate test re- sults are not yet available. Itis intended however to include these In the next revision of this Standard. For this reason, it ig requested that any documents providing information on this should be submitted to the Fach- rormenausschuss Materialprifung (Technical Committee for Materials Testing). The follawing applies to conversion between Vickers hardness and Brinell hardness: In the Preliminary Standard DIN 50160, May 1957 issue. the numerical values for HV and HB were identical up to 360. Numerous tests and extensive analyses of hardness measurements on standardized test blocks have however Shown that even for very low hardness values systematic differences occur between the results obtained with these two methods. A better representation of the measured values over the whole hardness range however, {s obtained by the relationship HB =» 0.95 « HV. This has resulted in slight differences compared with the Preliminary ‘Standard, particularly in the range below 350. In accordance with some requests for changes in the corresponding draft standard. the previous practice of having separate conversion tables for converting from one hardness value to another and for conversion Between hardness and tensile test values, in which parlicular hardness tast methods were given preference for the conversion between hardness values and tensile test values (in Proliminary Standard DIN 50150, May 1957 issue: Brinell hardness; in draft standard DIN 60150, July 1975 issue: Vickers hardness), has been abandoned. ia this Standard all the numerical values are collated in cone table. ‘Since even high tensile structural steels are increasingly being tested, the range for tensile strength in the Table has been extended up to 2180N/mm?. The tensile strength values given are based on extensive co-operative tests conducted by VDEN, which were carried out in the lower fange up to about 420HV 10 and on test results by Hahn’), to which the values in the range above 420HV10 oracually approximate. The information on the mean uncertainty of measurement has not been taken over into the successor issue since it oes not belong in a conversion standard but i the Standard for the testing machines. In the present Stand. ard, there ought properly to have beon information on conversion uncertainty, bul al the present tiny Hee stil nat enough measurement rosults available, Apast I this, at the present time it seems questionabie whether the mean measurement uncertainty can be cha by simple coefficients independently of the prooe of the testing machines used. Asin the Preliminary Standard, May 1957 lsu, version also no conversion of the rebound hardness ( Shore hardness) has been adopted because no standar has yet been prepared for the rebound hardness. In addition, results obtained with rebound hardiness testing machines from different manufacturers cannot ‘compared. Preliminary HAC-Shore hardness conversion curves are given in Figure 2°) 10 100 90| 80f—! 70—-—} 60 50 Shore hardness —— “0 mL 2p sua °o 0 %0 6070 Rockwell:C hardness = ‘A: Model D (only forroting) } of The Shore 8, Model D | frtrerts comp @: Model New York D: Moda! A and 0 Ker Fran Gm Figure 2. HRC-Shore haranges conversion A corresponding tabla, imited nowever to conversion 0 hardness values, i= ih present time recommended i Isortc 17. The table in EURONORM 8-55 corresponds in conten the tables in the now obsolete May 1957 issue of DIN 50150, 3) E Hahn: “Die Prifung der Festigkeit harte 0 Zugversuch* (Testing the strength of hs tensile test) Thesis, Techaice! Universi i 4) See also: Schmitz, H. and Vereinheitlichung der Riicko for standardir tion of rahe Stahl und Eisen 75 (19: