Heat Source

Reference: welding metallurgy, Sindo Kou

• Effect of Electrode Tip Angle
• Analytical equations for heat flow during welding

• Rosenthal’s Equations (2D)

T0 = workpiece temperature before welding

k = workpiece thermal conductivity
g = workpiece thickness
Q = heat transferred from heat source to workpiece
V = travel speed
a = workpiece thermal diffusivity, namely, k/rC,
where r and C are
density and specific heat of the workpiece,
respectively
K0 = modified Bessel function of second kind and
zero order,
r = radial distance from origin, namely, (x2+ y2)1/2
• Rosenthal’s Equations (3D)
Effect of welding parameters
• Weld Pool shape
• Cooling rate
• Weld bead geometry
Physical simulation of manufacturing processes

Image and specifications:

https://www.gleeble.com/products/gleeble-systems/gleeble-
3800.html 6
 Thermal cycle generation methods

•Hannerz
•Rykalin-2D
•Rykalin-3D
•Rosenthal
•Exponential Cooling
Data collection by DAQ system •Using commercial softwares like
ANSYS® , SYSWELD®, etc
7
 Physical (Gleeble®) Simulation
• Pocket Jaw® module in Gleeble® was used for HAZ simulation
• K/B/R type thermocouple is used for controlling temperature
• Standard sample of dimension 120 mm x 25 mm x 2 mm
• All experiments are conducted in argon atmosphere

HAZ simulation in sample

Sample after HAZ simulation

Mounting of the sample in standard jaws for physical simulation 8

Welding experiments