The Waste Disposing system

of
In the bodies of the most of the organisms, waste is generated atTeguBar intervals
time.
Living beings need energy for body building and to perform various functions for their
survival.

Anabolism is a constructive process in which simple molecules combine to form complex

molecules, which store energy to build up of body material.
breakdown into simple
Catabolism is a destructive process in which complex molecules
ones with the release of energy.
a
as metabolism.
Anabolismand catabolism collectively togetheris called
in a living organism.
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions take place
involved in separation and
Excretion is the term coined for all the biological process
removal of waste or non-useful products from the body.
and less toxic is uric acid.
The most toxic nitrogenous waste is ammonia

Biochemical analysis shows the waste materials are present in blood and urine.

. Kidneys are the chief excretory organs in most of the complex organisms.
removal of waste.
. In Latin (EX means out CRENERE means shift) which means

SYNOPSIS 1
The Waste Disposing System
There is no factory which can manufacturer a product without generating waste.

Living organism's body is a cellular factory where waste is generated during metabolic
activities.
Living organism's need energy for growth and to perform various functions for their
survival.

During metabolic activities, water content may increase or decrease, which disturbs
ionic balance.
Excretion is the term coined for all the biological process involved in separation and
removal of waste or non-useful products from the body.

The waste products which include CO, H,0, nitrogenous compounds like ammonia,
urea, uric acid, bile pigments excess salts etc., must be eliminated from the body.

In higher animals excretion occurs thorough kidneys. So, kidneys are the chief excretory
organs.

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 X- E-TECHNO
- NEET BIOLOGYSTUDY MATERIAL
filtration to kidneys.
blood with waste for
8. Renal artery brings oxygenated
blood after filtration
from kidneys.
9 Renal vein carries away deoxygenated

blood and urine of a person given blood and its

10. Let u s observe the test reports of
components present in below report.

REPORT ON PLASMA/SERUM (BLOOD) ANALYSIS

Test/method Result Units Range
mg/dl 60-100
Glucose fasting 82

Sodium 137 mmoles/L 135-145

Potassium 4.10 mmoles/L 3.5-5.0
Chlorides 101 Mmoles/L 95-106
Urea 29 Mg/dl 15-40
Creatinine 2.8. Mg/dl 0.6-1.5
Uricacid 7.50 Mg/dl 3.0-5.0)
Total Cholesterol 221 Mg/dl 150-200
Triglycerides 167 Mg/dl 60-200
Calcium 9.40 Mg/dl 8.0-10.5
Phosphorus 4.50 Mg/dl 3.45
Bilurubin (Total) 0.70 Mg/dl 0.1-0.8
Total Proteins 7.20 8/dl 6.0-7.5
Albumin 4.60 8/dl 3.0-5.0

REPORT ON URINE ANALYSIS

Test/method ResultsS Units Range

24 hrs. Protein 90
24 hrs. Creatinine
Mg/day <100mg
2.7
24 hrs. Calcium
Mg/day 1-2
305
24 hrs. Mg/day Up to 200
0.8
Phosphorous Mg/day Upto 1g.
24 hrs. Uric Acid 800
Mg/day Upto 600
ELECTROLYTES
Sodium 140
Potassium 50
mmol/LL 125-2500
Osmolality mmol/L 25-100

(calculated) 180
mosm/L 100-600
Glucose 65
Chlorides 128
mg/dl 50-8-
Urea mmol/LL 120-130
35
gm/day 20-30
m moles/L means millimoles per
litre, mg/ dl means
milligram per deci u er
 NEET
BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL
X-E-TECHNO

WORKSHEET 01
organisms
Waste is generated in the living
2) Daily
time interval
UYAt regular 4) Never
3) Once in 2 days
energy for
.
Living beings need 2) p e r f o r m i n g f u n c t i o n s

1) their survival
4) None of these
3 B o t h 1 &2
is
c o n s t r u c t i v e process
from the following
3. The energy 3) Idealism
4) Mutualism

2) Catabolism
Anabolism
is
from the following
4. The energy destructive process rCatabolism
3) A n a b o l i s m
Parasitism
1) Communalism 2)
Anabolism and c a t a b o l i s m
collectively called
5. 3) Parasitism
4Metabolism
1) Communalism 2) Symbiosis

materials is called
6. Building up of body 4) Catabolism
2) Parasitism SAnabolism
1) C o m m u n a l i s m

molecules into simpler ones

is called
7. Break down of complex 4) Communalism
3) Anabolism
2) Metabolism
tCatabolism
Excretion is the term which means

8. 4) None of these
2) Elimination 3Both1& 2
1) Removal

to
9. lonic balance refer
3) Uric acid 4) Bile juice
1) Ammonia 2Water
in blood?
What is the
normal range of total protein
10. In Humans,
3) 7.0-8.5 g/dL 4) 9-10.5 g/dL
1) 3-4.5 g/dL e6-7.5 g/dL
is
11. Most toxic
substance among the following
3) Uric acid 4) All the above
2Ammonia
1) Urea
are produced in
12. Waste material 4) None of these
2) Tissues 3) Muscles
HCells
The toxic waste is
analysed by
13.
3) Aerochemical 4) Astrochemical
2) Geochemical
Biochemical
blood is brought to kidneys by
14. Oxygenated
Renal vein 4) Pulmonary vein
R e n a l artery 2) Pulmonary artery 3)
3
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 x-E-TECHNO
NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL
15. De oxygenated blood is caryied away from kidneys by
1) Renal artery 2Kenal vein 3) Renal vein 4) Pulmonary vein
16. Filteyfd blood is carried away by
URenal vein 2) Systemic aorta 3) Artery 4) Pulmonary vein

17. Whih blood vessel brings blood from filtrations to kidneys?

Renal artery 2) Inferior venacava
3) Renal capillaries 4) Superior venacava
18. According to the blood report, glucose fasting is 150 (Normal range 60-100 mg/dl
then
person suffers from
1Diabetes mellitus 2) Hypertension
3) Kidney disorder 4) Diabetes insupidus
19. If Bilurubin is more than normal range then the pérson may suffer from

1) Diabetes mellitus 2aundice

3) Kidney disorder 4) Hypertension
20. mg/dl means

1) Milligram per deca litre 2 M1ligram per deci litre

3) Milligram per delta litre 4) Multigram per deca litre

KEY
10
Q. No
Key 3

Q. No 11 12 13 14 1 17 18 19 20

Key 1 2 1 2

CDF-2
HUMAN EXCRETORY SYSTEM
1. The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, urinary
bladder and urethra.
External Features of Kidney:

2 Shape: Bean shaped, external covering of kidney for protection is called capsule
3. Colour: Reddish brown, Size: Length: 10 cm, Breadth: 5.6 cm, ThicknesS: 4 cm

4. Outer side: Convex

5. Inner side: Concave

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6. Position: Right kidney is lower than left kidney to accommodate liver.

7. vessel: Renal artery and renal vein led
Blood enters into kidney through opening
hilus.
8. Ureter:Ureter enters through hilus and carries urine from kidneys to urinary bladaer
9. Urinary bladder: It is a pear shaped muscular sac that stores urine brought by two

ureters (300-800 ml)

10. Urethra: It takes urine from urinary bladder to outside and guarded by a nng or

muscles. Urethra is 4 cm long in females and 20 cm long in males.

SYNOPSIS 2

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF KIDNEY

1. Human kidney is internally divided into two zones.

2. Kidney is made up of 3 main regions called (1) Renal cortex (2) Renal Medulla and (5)
Renal pelvis

Inferior vena cava Aorta

Right adrenal gland Left adrenal gland

Right adrenal Left adrenal

vein vein

Right Left
adrenal adrenal
artery artery

Right Left kidney

kidney
Left renal vein
Right renal
Left renal artery
artery
Right renal vein Left ureter

Right ureter
Urinary bladder

Sphincter muscle.
-Urethra

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= NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL:

called medulla,
inner zone is
3.
3. Dark coloured outer zone is called cortex and pale coloured

Renal cortex

Hilum Renal medulla

-Renal papille
Renal artery
Renal yeln Renal
pyramids

Renal pelvis Renal

columnss
Ureter

Major calyx Fibrous

capsule
Minor calyx

Renal cortex provides space for the branches of renal artery and vein.
4.
5. Renal medulla consists 6-8 Renal pyramids in each kidney.
6 Each renalpyramids consists of uriniferous tubules.
7. Each kidney has 1.3-1.7 million of uriniferous tubules or nephrons.
8. All pyramids open into a cup shape structures in the renal pelvis, which forms as
renal minor and followed by major calyces and continues into ureter

9.
9. Structure of Nephron. Nephron has basically two parts

a. Malpighian body
b. Renal tubule

10. Malpighian body is made up of two parts

a. Bowman's capsule

b. Glomerulus

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 X -E-TECHNO NEET BIOLOOY
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Cortex
Bowmen's capsule
Medulla
Glomerulus Aferet arteriele

Efterent
ateriole From
rene
artery

EMere
Corlex arleriole
rna
Medulla
vein

Ureter
Renal pelvis Afferent arteriole

Proximal tubule

Bowman's capsule

Distal tubule
Collecting duct

b) c)
- Loop of Henle

Bowman's capsule:
Bowman's capsule.
11. Blind cup shaped broader end of nephron is called
epithelial cells called or podocytes.
12. It is lined by a single layer of Squamous
to allow passage of filtered material.
13. Fine pöres are present between podocytes
Glomerulus:
blood capillaries called glomerulus
are present inside the Bowman's
14. A bunch of fine
capsule.
from afterent arteriole and gives rise to efferent arteriole.
15. Glomerulus develops

Renal tubule
convoluted tube divided into three parts
16. Renal tubule is a long
convoluted tubule b. Loop of Henle
a. Proximal

convoluted tubule
c. Distal

un of S c h o o l s
7
MonauuAn
 NEET BIOLoGYSTUDY MATERIAL X-E-TECHNO
and calyces
Distal convoluted tubule opens into collecting tube, which forms pyramid and calyces
which opens into pelvis.
18. Pelvis leads to ureter.
19 All the parts of renal tubule covered by a network of peritubular capillaries join t
form renal venule which
finally joins to renal vein.

1.
Kidney functions can
WORKSHEET 02
be known by
1) External 2) Internal Both 1,2 4) None of these
2. How many
regions are present in the
kidney?
1) One 2) Two
3.
Three 4) Four
Outerside and innerside of the
kidney is
1) Concave
2) Convex and biconcave
3) Biconvex
Convex and concave
4. External covering of
kidney for protection is called
1) Pericardium 2) Pleura
5. 9/ Capsule 4) Meninges
Right kidney is placed slightly lower side to
accommodate
1) Pancreas
Lver 3) Spleen 4) Bile duet
6. Renal artery and renal vein enters into
kidney through
1)Hilus 2) Pelvis
3) Cortex 4) Medulla
7. Number of nephrons in each
kidney are
millions.
1Y3 to 1.8 2) 1.8 to 1.9 3) 1.9 to 1.10
8. Renal 4) 1.10 to 1.11
pyramids are present in. part of the kidney.
1) Cortex 2) Pelvis
9. Medulla 4) Hilus
Bowman's capsule glomerulus together called as
and
1Malpighian body 2) Renal Tubule 3) Capsule
10. The largest part 4) Calyces
of nephron is
1) PCT
) Loop of Henle 3) DCT
11. Glomerulus develops from. 4) Calyces
1) Renal artery 2) Renal vein
8 Afferent arteriole 4) None of these

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12. Bowman's capsule is made up of cells called
Podocytes 2) Nephrons 3) Neurons 4) Thrombocytes

13. Distal convoluted tubule opens into

1) PCT 4 )Colecting tube
2) Loop of Henle 3) Pelvis
14. Glomerulus gives rise to from afferent arteriole.

Efferent arteriole 2) Renal vein

3) Renal venules 4) Renal artery

15. Blind up shaped broader end of Nephron is called

U Bowman's capsule 2) Renal vein

3) Glomerulus 4) Malpighian body

16. First part of renal tubule is

Proximal convoluted tubule 2) Loop of Henle

4) Collecting tubule
3) Distal convoluted tubule
network of capillaries called
17. Renal tubule is covered by a
1) Peritubular capillaries 2) Artery

3) Veins 4) Capillaries

18. Collecting ducts open into

2) Ureter 3) Calyces 4) None of these

Pelvis
of the kidney is called
19. Dark zone
2) Medulla 3) Pelvis 4) Capsule
Cortex
20. provides space for renal arterioles and venules.
Renal Medulla Cortex 3) Pelvis 4) Capsule
1)
KEY
8 10
Q. No 1
1
Key 3
3 4
2 3

Q. No 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 9 20

2
1
Key

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 CDF-3
MECHANISM OF URINE FORMATION
1. Mechanism of urine formation involves 4 stages.
2. Ultrafiltration occurs in glomerulus.
3. ressure filtration occurs due to narrowness of efferent arteriole than afferent arteriole
4. Primary urine from glomerulus enters into Bowman's capsule.
5.
5. The composition of primary urine is almost equal to blood.
5.
Urine travels from Bowman's capsule to proximal convoluted tubule where reabsorption
of glucose, water
minerals occur.
7.
Peritubular capillaries around renal tubules reabsorbs all the useful components of
primary urine.
8.
Reabsorption occurs in
loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule.
9. Tubular secretion is the active secretion of salts to distal
pH level of urine. convoluted tubule to maintain
10.
Vasopressin maintains osmotic concentration of
causes Diabetes insipidus. body fluids. Deficiency of vasopressin
11.
Excessive, dilute, repeated urination is the symptom of diabetes insipidus.

MECHANISM OF URINE
SYNOPSIS 3
FORMATION
Composition of urine
Mechanism of urine formation involves four stages
Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption
Tubular secretion
Formation of hypertonic urine
lomerular Filtration:
Blood flows from renal
artery to glomerulus through afferent arteriole.
Pressure filtration occurs due to narrowness of efferent
in the
glomerulus where arteriole than afferent arteriole
primary urine is formed.
Primary urine consists of useful nutrients like,
oular Reabsorption: glucose, H,0, minerals.
Reabsorption of primary urine occurs in PCT,
And further it is loop of
Henle and DCT.
reabsorbed by peritubular
Henle, DCT) capillaries from renal tubule
(PCT, loop of
 X-E-TECHNO NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL
Tubular Secretion:
Some waste materials like extra salts, ions by K', Nat, Cl and H' are secreted irom
1.
peritubular capillaries to urinary tubules, i.e. a little in PCT and majorly in DCl.
2. This ensures removal of waste from blood.

3. This maintains proper concentration and pH of urine.

Formation of hypertonic urine:

and
1. 75% of water is reabsorbed by PCT and 10% by loop of Henle and further in DCT
collecting tubule.

2. Hormone called vasopressin maintains osmotic balance of the body fluids.

urine is to be passed out.
3. This hormone is secreted only when concentrated
Micturition
to pass urine when the urinary bladder is half filled with 300-400ml.
1. Urge occurs

urethra is called micturition.

2. Urge to pass urine from urinary bladder to outside through
Composition of urine:
due to the presence of urochromes.
1. Urine is a transparent fluid which is amber in colour
substances and 1.5% of Inorganic
2. Urine contains. 96% of water, 2.5% of organic
solutes.
vitamins, hormones and oxalates
3. Organic substances like urea, uric acid, creatinine,
calcium
4. Inorganic solutes like sodium, chloride, Phosphate, sulphate magnesium,
and iodine.

5. Urine is acidic in the beginning and become alkaline

on standing due to decomposition
of urea to ammonia.

varies depends on the diet we take.

6. Composition of urine

WORKSHEET 03
1. Mechanism of urine formation involves sttages

1) One 2) Two 3) Three AFour

2 Glomerular filtration can also be called as

3) Macro filtration 4) Microfiltration
Ultrafiltration 2 Mega filtration
3. Narrowness of efferent arteriole helps in
Pressure filtration 2) Reabsorption
3) Macro filtration 4) Filtrate

11
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 NEET BIOLOGY STUDY X-E-TECHNO
MATERIAL
4.
Primary urine moves from glomerulus to0
Bowman's capsule 2) PCT

3) DCT 4) Collecting tubule

5.
Reabsorption of useful materials from primary urine takes place i"
Renal tubule 2) Malpighian body
3) Calyces 4) Pyramids
6.
Reabsorption is carried by from renal tubule.
1) Calyces
2) Pyyamids
3) Artery
7.
feritubular capillaries
Reabsorption of urine occurs in renal
tubule in the order of
1) DCT, loop of Henle, PCT
2) PCT, DCT, loop of Henle
PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT 4) Loop of Henle, DCT, PCT
8. is the hormone which maintains osmotic balance of body fluids
1) Ghrelin 2) Adrenaline
9 Deficiency of vasopressin causes
Vasopressin 4) Leptin

1) Diabetes mellitus
2) Gigantism
3) Cretinism
10.
4Diabetes Insipidus
Useful materials like
glucose, H,0, minerals are filtered in glomerulus
1) Urine
forming
2) Secondary urine
Primary urine 4) Hypertonic urine
11. Mechanism of urine occur in 4
stages in the order of

Glomerular filtration -Reabsorption secretion concentration urine

-

2) Reabsorption -Secretion -urine-glomerular filtration

3) Formation of urine Secretion
-

Reabsorption -filtration
-

4) Secretion Urine formation filtration

-

12.
-

Reabsorption
secrete extra salt to
urinary bladder.
1) PCT
2, Calyces
3) Pelvis
13. Tubular secretion occur_ to
Peritubular capillaries
remove waste form
1) Urine
2yBlood 3) Lymph
4) Tissue fluid
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Narayana Group of Schools
 X-E-TECHNO NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL
14. step helps to maintain pH of urine.
1) Glomerular filtration efubular secretion
3) Tubular reabsorption 4) Formation of urine
15. 75% of water is reabsorbd by.
1) DCT 2yPCT 3) Loop of Henle 4) Collecting tubule

16. Urge to pass urine is called

Micturition 2) Filtration 3) Reabsorption 4) Secretion

17. Urine is amber in colour due to the presence of

1) Bile juice 2) Bilirubin Uro chrones 4) Biliverdin

18. Urine contains % of water.

1)90% 2) 80% y96% 4) 38%

19. Match the following:

1) Opganic salt
erochromes
&Amber colour b) Sodium, phosphate, sulphate
3) morganic salt c)Urea, uric acid, creatine

1) c,b,a 2) b,c,a
a,b 4) b,a,c
20. Match the following:
1) Tubular secretion a) Primary urine

2) Vasopressin b) Peritubular capillaries

3) Glomerular filtration c) Diabetes insipidus

1) c,b,a 2) ,a,c
3) C,a,b b,c.a
KEY

Q. No 10

Key
12 | 14 16 19 20
Q. No
Key
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NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL
CDF-4

Accessory excretory organs

transplantation,
ESRD, Uremia, Dialysis, Kidney
excretion in plants

1. ESRD: End stage renal disease.

called urenmia.
body. This condition is
2. Uremia: Extra water and waste filled in the

3. The factors for kidney failure are infections, injury, high blood pressure, high blood
sugar, restricted blood flow to kidney.
4. There are two solutions for kidney failure.
a. Dialysis (Artificial Kidney)
Kidney transplantation (Permanent solution)
5. first Dr. Charles Hufnagel in 1954 at
he kidney transplantation was performed by
Washington, USA.
6. In India, first kidney 1971 at The Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu,
India.
7. Filtration of blood in the dialysis machine outside the body is called haemodialysis.
8. Accessory Excretory organs which eliminate waste from the body are lungs, liver,
skin, large intestine.
9. Plants do not have specific excretory organs nd produce waste at slower pace than
animalsS.

10. Waste product are stored in leaves, bark, and fruits in plants.
11. The bio-chemical substances produced in
plants are primary metabolites and secondary
metabolites.
12. Raphides: In plants, waste gets stored in the fruit in the form of solid bodies called
raphides.

SYNOPSIS 4
1. Complete and unable to alter kidney failure is called End
stage Renal disease.
2. If both the kidneys stop working completely, it will leads to a condition called uremia.
3. In this
condition, hands and legs will swell and
patient feel tired and weak.
4. The temporary solution for
kidney failure is haemodialysis.
Haemodialysis:
5. Procedure: 1. Blood flows
through a tube attached to main
dialysis Machine. arteny of the hand to

14

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 X-E-TECHNO NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL

Haemodialysis
Dlalyser Inflow
preasure monltor
Clean blood
returned
to body

Alr trap
Dialysle
ftuld in
Dialyeer
Dialysls fluid Arterial
removed pressure
monltor
Blood
Inflow pressure removed for
monltor
cleanlng
7 Heparin
Blood pump Infusion

The blood flows channels in the machine and the channel are flown with
2. through
dialyzing fluid.

3. Semi permeable membrane present in the channels separate blood

and dialyzing fluid.

4. Composition of dialyzing fluid is similar to plasma except nitrogenous waste.

waste move from blood to dialyzing fluid and cleaning of blood is done.
5. Nitrogenous
The cleaned blood is sent back to the tube attached to main vein in the hand.
6
The tubes attached to main artery and main vein is hand are added with anti-coagulant
7
called heparin.
8. It takes 3 to 6 hours' time for this process.

6. Kidney Transplantation:

1. A functioning kidney preferably form close relative is transplanted.

2. Modern clinical procedure used preferably have increased the success rate of
transplantation.
7. Other Pathways of Excretion:

excretory organs are

a. The accessory

1. Lungs 2. Skin 3. Liver 4. Large intestine

15
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 NEET BIOLOGY STUDY X-E-TECHNO
MATERIAL
1.
ungs: Lungs remove CO, and H,O during the respiration.
2.
inSkin eliminates waste in the form of sweat which contains water and salts and
uso eliminates sebum from sebaceous glands which contain was, sterols, hydrocarbons
and fatty acids.
3. Liver:
a.
Haemoglobin from dead R.B.C's is extracted and forms bile juice.
b. Liver involves in urea formation.
C. Cholesterol, extra drug, vitamins and alkaline salts are excreted by liver.

age Intestine: Excess of calcium, Magnesium and iron are excreted along with
faeces.
8. Excretion in plants:
1. Plant excrete waste like
gases and water
the stem and root hairs in the roots.
through stomatain the leaves, lentiçels in
2. Plants shed
leaves, bark and ripened fruits periodically to remove waste.
3. The bio-chemical substances produced in plants are primary metabolites and
seconday metabolites.
4. Primary metabolites: The substances required for development and growth of the
plant.
Eg: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins.
5. Secondary Metabolites: The chemical
produced in the plant body for protection
from grazing, attracting insects for
pollination, wound healing, to attract rhizobia by
root nodules.

Eg: Alkaloids, Tannins, Resins, Gums, Latex

6. Raphides: In plants, waste gets stored in the fruit in the form of solid
bodies called
raphides.
1. Alkaloids

S. No Allcaloid Plant
Uses
Caffeine Coffea arabica (coffee plant) Activates brain & spinal cord
Nimbin Azadirachta indica (neem)
Antiseptic
3 Scopolamine | Datura stramonium (Datura)
Sediative
Nicotine Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)
Insecticide
5 Quinine Cinchona officinalis (Cinchona) | Antimalarial drug
Tannis, Resins, Gums, Latex:
2. Tannins are used for
tanning leather from plants like cassia and
Acacia.
3. Resins are used in varnished from
plants like pines.

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 X-E-TECHNO
-NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL
4. Gums used as binding
are
agents in the preparation of medicine, food
plants like neem, acacia. etc. TOm

5. Latex: Latex is used for

preparation of rubber from plant Hevea brasiliensis (rubber
plant) latex is used for preparation of bio-diesel from plants like Jatropa.

1.
WORKSHEET 04
Full form of ESRD

1) End service Renal demand 2) End service Regional disease

3End stage Renal disease 4) End service Renal disorder
2. When excess of water and salts fill in the body, it is called when kidney fail.
1) Edema 2Uremia 3) Hypertension 4) Diabetes
3. is the temporary solution for failure of kidney.

1Dialysis 2) Anemia 3) Blood transfusion 4) Medicines

.transplanted kidney for the first time in USA.
Dr. Charles Hufnagel 2) Dr. Rene Lennaee

3hGalen 4) William Harvey

5. First kidney transplantation in India was done in. year.
1) 1975 2) 1974 3 1971 4) 1970

6 Anti-coagulant used in dialysis process is

1) Fibrinogen 2) Prothrombin 3yHeparin 4) Lymph
7. Presence of . i s the difference between plasm and dialyzing fluid.

2) Salts
1) Carbohydrate 3 Nitrogenous waste 4) Gases
8 is the permanent method for kidney failure patients.

Transplantation 2) Dialysis
3) Transfusion of Blood 4) Removal of blood

9 accessory excretory organ removes waste during respiration.

1) Liver 2) Skin
3Lungs 4) Large intestine
10. Match the following:
1. Liver a. Sweat, sebumn
2. Large Intestine b. Bile juice
3. Skin c. Removes Ca, Mg, Fe

1) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a 2) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c 31-b, 2-c, 3-a 4) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b

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=NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAAL
11. Bile juice is synthesized from, pigment.
4) Fibrinogen
Hemoglobin 2) Heparin 3) Chlorophyll
12. is involved in urea formation.
1) Lungs 2 Liver 3) Skin 4) Large Intestine
13. Match the following:
1. Lungs a. Urea formation

2. Liver b. CO,, H,o

3. Skin c. Mg, Ca, Fe

4. Large intestine d. Water, Wax, sterols

1) 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c 2}) 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a 31-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c 4) 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c
14. The metabolites required for development and growth.
Primary 2) Secondary 3) Alkaloids 4) Gums

15. Match the following:

1. Nimbin a. Anti-malarial drug
2. Caffeine b. Antiseptic
3. Scopolamine c. Activates brains & spinal cord
4. Nicotine d. Sedative
5.Quinine e. Insecticide
1) 1-c, 2-d, 3-a, 4-e, 5-b P-b, 2-c, 3-d, 4-e, 5-a
3) 1-d, 2-a, 3-e, 4-c, 5-b 4) 1-b, 2-d, 3-e, 4-c, 5-a
16. can be synthesized from latex of Jatropa.
1) Gum 2) Chewing gum 3)Bio-diesel 4) Varnishes
17. Match the following
1. Tannis a. Binding agent
2. Resins b. Tanning of gum
3. Gum c. Varnishes
1) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b 2) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c 3) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b 41-b, 2-c, 3-a
18. Pinus is helpful for preparation of_

Warnishes 2) Rubber 3) Food

4) Medicines
19. For transplanting kidney the donor should be to recipient.
1) Friend 2) Boss 3) Enemy YClose relative
20. Carbehydrates, fats, proteins are examples for metabolites.
1Primary 2) Secondary 3) Gums
4) Tannins
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Narayana Groun of Schnnls
 X-E-TECHNO NEET BIOLOGY STUDY MATERIAL

KEY
Q. No 1 2 5 6 8 10

ey32 3 3 3 13 3

Q. No 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1 2 1 4
Key 3 3 4

CDF-5
HEREDITY
The transmission of characters from parent to their offsprings is known as heredity.
1.

2. The study of heredity and variations is known as genetics.

caused due to the following factors
3. Variation in sexually reproducing organisms are
like environment, crossing over and recombination of genes and mutation.

Mendel on garden pea) (Father of

4. The first study of inheritance was done by Gregor
Genetics-G.J.Mendel and Father of Modern Genetics-T.H. Morgan).

is the genetic material in all

5. DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid), and RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
organisms.
first law is also called the law of
6. Mendel's Laws i) Law of Dominance: Mendel's
dominance. States that o n e of the factors
for a pair of inherited traits wil1
both factors a r e recessive.
be dominant and the other recessive, unless
Mendel's Law of Segregation, states that
7. Law of Segregation (Law of purity of gametes)
formation, and randomly unite at
allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete
fertilization.
Mendel's law of independent assortment, states that
8. Law of Independent Assortment:
formation of gametes. This m e a n s that traits a r e
allele pairs separate during the
transmitted to independently of o n e another.
offspring
of genes present in an organism and the characteristic
9. Genotype is the composition
is called its phenotype.
which is visible in a n organism
then their progeny
10. When two parents cross (or breed) to produce progeny (or offspring's),
and when the first generation progeny
is called F1-generation (First Flial Generation)
themselves to produce second Filial Generation.
cross among

famous experiments on garden pea (Pisum sativum).

11. Mendel conducted his
crossed with short pea plants then in F1 generation only tall
12. When tall pea plants are
plants were obtained.

19
Narayana Group of Schools