SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE PROBLEM 01:

Given:
B = 1m
L = 1m
μ = 0.30
α = 4(center of the foundation) – note that if the problem is asking for the settlement at the edge of the footing then α = 1

∑ () ∆
From: E =

z is H or 5B whichever is smaller, therefore H = 5m (from footing base to bed rock)

5B = 5*1m = 5m
ADOPT: z = 5meters
∑E () ∆ (8,000 ∗ 2m) + (6,000 ∗ 1m) + (10,000 ∗ 2m)
E = = = 8,400kN/m
z 5m
For the center of the foundation:
α=4
m’ = L/B = 1m/1m = 1
n’ = H/ (B/2) = = 10

From Tables 11.1 and 11.2 determine the values of F1 and F2 to be used in determining the Shape Factor
(Is):

I =F + F

= .
 = .
( ∗ . )
I =F + F = 0.498 + (0.016)
.
I = 0.507
From Table 11.3 determine the depth factor (I )
= =1 and = =1

= .
S ( ) = Δσ(αB ) I I

.
=( )(4 ∗ ) ( , )( 0.507)(0.65)

= 0.014281m or 14.281mm

Since the foundation is rigid (as given in the problem therefore):

S ( ) ≈ 0.93S ( , )

S ( ) ≈ 0.93(14.281mm)

( ) = 13.281mm (answer)
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE PROBLEM 02:
A shallow foundation measuring 1.75m x 1.75m is to be constructed over a layer of sand. Given Df = 1m; N60
is generally increasing with depth; N60 in the depth of stress influence = 10, qnet = 120kN/m2. The sand is
normally consolidated. Estimate the elastic settlement of the foundation using (a) Burland and Burbridge
method; (b) Meyerhof’s method
(a) Estimating elastic settlement by Burland and Burbridge method:
Given:
B = 1.75m
L = 1.75m

Since N60 = increasing with depth thus use equation I in determining z’ with BR = 0.30m:
.
= 1.40( )
. .
.
= 1.40( .
)

z’ = 1.576m

L
S 1.25 B B q
.
= α α α ( ) ( )
B L B P
0.25 + B

1.71
α = = 0.0681
(10) .
H H 1 1
α = 2− = 2− = 0.866
z z 1.576 1.576
 1.75
S 1.25 1.75 120kpa
= (0.14)(0.0681)(0.866) 1.75 ( ) .
( )
0.30m 1.75 0.30 100kpa
0.25 +
1.75
= 0.0102m or 10.20mm (answer)

(b) Estimating elastic settlement by Meyerhof Method:

kN
2q B
S = m ( )
N F B + 0.30
kN
(2)(120 ) 1.75
S = m ( )
(10)(F ) 1.75 + 0.30
1m
F = depth factor = 1 + 0.33 = 1.189
1.75m
kN
(2)(120 ) 1.75
S = m ( )
(10)(1.189) 1.75 + 0.30
= . ( )
SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE PROBLEM 03:
Calculate the settlement of the 3-m-thick clay layer that will result from the load carried by a 1.5-m-square
footing. The clay is normally consolidated.
For normally consolidated clay:
∆
S = log

Where:
C = 0.009(LL − 10) = 0.009 (40 – 10) = 0.27
H = 5m
e = 1.0

σ = 3m γ + 3m γ − 9.81 + (γ ( ) − 9.81)

= 3m(15.72kN/m3) + 3m(18.87kN/m3 – 9.81kN/m3) + 1.5m(17.30kN/m3 – 9.81kN/m3)

= 85.575 kN/m2
For ∆σ
∆ ∆
∆σ =

∆σ , ∆σ and ∆σ below the center of the footing can be obtained by ∆σ = qI (we can now
prepare the following table since L/B = 1.5m/1.5m = 1)

m z(meters) b = B/2(m) n = z/b q,kpa I ∆σ = qI , kpa

1 4.5 1.5/2 = 0.75 4.5/0.75 = = 395.56 0.051 20.17 =∆σ
. .
6
1 6 0.75 8 395.56 0.029 11.47=∆σ
1 7.5 0.75 10 395.56 0.019 7.52=∆σ

So,
20.17 + (4)11.47 + 7.52
∆σ = = 155.48kpa
6

Hence,
( . )( ) . .
S = log
.

= . ( )