Universidad Politécnica de

Altamira

Subject: Logistics

Teacher:
Pandora Nayeli Torres Marin.
Student Name:
Pérez Islas Gladis Viridiana 3434

Date: June, 24, 2022

BIS-3

P. Bar and QR code systems

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 3
QR CODE AND ITS SYSTEM........................................................................................................ 4
BAR CODE AND ITS SYSTEM ..................................................................................................... 5
TYPES OF QR CODES IN THE LOGISTICS INDUSTRY ........................................................ 6
TYPES OF BARCODES IN THE LOGISTICS INDUSTRY ....................................................... 7
TABLE TYPES OF BARCODES ................................................................................................... 8
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF QR CODES ...................................................... 9
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF QR CODES ...................................................... 9
DEVICES USED IN BARCODES SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 10
DEVICES USED IN QR CODES SYSTEMS ............................................................................. 11
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................ 12
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 13

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 INTRODUCTION

For a long time, the barcode has become a key element in the logistics sector. A
convenient and fast system, through which you can keep track of the entire
production process and subsequent sale of the vast majority of products that are
marketed in the world.
It is a fast, standard and secure system that allows products to be identified with no
margin for error. It is so important in global logistics because it helps control all the
processes a product goes through, from the warehouse to the store.
Professionals can search for, pack or pick up these products thanks to the code and
this, in turn, facilitates the work of carriers who transport them to different
destinations. It is also crucial for pick-up and shipping, as well as for sale.
Since the advent of QR, barcodes are becoming obsolete. It is a matrix code that
was devised in 1994 in Japan.
In 1994, DENSO WAVE , a subsidiary of Toyota, needed technology that was faster
and more robust than barcode. The purpose was to process large numbers of
characters and easily track vehicles and parts. Masahiro Hara with his team of two
people developed what we now call a QR code.
This is presented as a square that provides useful information about the product.
Although this is an effective system, it should be noted that the possible numbers for
this type of code are limited, which means that they can be repeated all over the
world.
It is here where the barcode plays an important role again, because it is associated
with another QR code and in this way, you get access to a particular product, without
copies. The QR is an open code, for this reason, it is easier to read and generate,
due to the creation of numerous free applications.

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 QR CODE AND ITS SYSTEM
These 'quick response codes' (definition of the original in English Quick Response code )
came as an evolutionary leap from bar codes and motivated by the need to increase the
amount of information and possibilities of use of what they were capable of offering. They
were created in Japan by a subsidiary of Toyota in 1994 and spread rapidly in the Asian
country at the end of that decade. Finally, in June 2000, the ISO international standard was
approved, which today is used massively throughout the world until it has become the most
popular 2D code in existence.
Like any other barcode, a QR is intended to store information on an optical label readable
by some type of machine or device. To do this, they include a matrix of two-dimensional
points in a square format, commonly in black and white (although there are also colors) and
with three squares in the corners that allow the reader to detect the position of the code.
The information capacity that they can include is defined by levels according to the number
of modules that make up the matrix: from level I with 21 x 21 modules to level 10 that can
include a whopping 177 x 177 modules. The most widespread QR codes for consumer use
are 25 x 25 and 29 x 29 , ideal for their balance between size and capacity to store
information.
Although the vast majority of modules are formed in black and white colors, the standard
allows some flexibility to add other colors. In these cases, the colors must maintain a
sufficient contrast between light and dark so that they continue to be legible for code reading
systems and programs.
They can also include graphic touches to make them more attractive and personalized . For
example, including images of a person that can be used in personal information codes such
as business cards. Or as a warning of diseases or allergies that can be read by health or
security forces in case of accident or emergency. Finally, the use of embedded texts is
another extension to the generics thanks to the redundancy of information based on the
Reed-Solomon error correction that they include.
a QR code is made up of a square graphic with a pattern with information in the form of
points and lines with the colors black and white, and can contain elements in a 177×177 box
and display a half-page text in DIN A4 format. If we take it to numbers, the capacity of each
QR reaches 4296 alphanumeric characters or 7089 digits, with the restriction of error
correction that is implemented in the QR. In other words, if a high level of error correction is
printed when generating a code, its capacity is diminished.
QR Codes were originally developed to modernize large inventory management systems,
because of their ability to hold more information than Barcodes. Their use today can be
found across many logistics and warehousing systems for managing large product volumes.

QR CODE OF THE PAGE WHERE I GOT THE INFORMATION

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 BAR CODE AND ITS SYSTEM
It is a square or rectangular image consisting of a series of parallel black lines and white
spaces with variable width and can be scanned. Barcodes can be applied to products to
quickly identify them. They are used in retail stores as part of the checkout process, in
warehouses to track inventory, and on invoices to assist with accounting, among other
things.
The bar code consists of a coding system created through a series of lines and parallel
spaces of different thickness. It is generally used as a control system since it facilitates the
commercial activity of the manufacturer and the distributor, so it does not offer information
to the consumer, but rather operations data applied to identify products, keep track of
inventories, load and unload goods, reduce sales service times. One of the main advantages
is that the data stored in a barcode can be read accurately and quickly.
Barcode is a fast-growing technology that is revolutionizing point of sale (POS) and the way
information is collected, stored and retrieved. Whether in the supermarket, laboratory,
hospital, loading dock, barcodes have become an integral part of the data collection process.
Our company provides companies with products, systems and services to provide them with
the solutions they need.
A barcode works in practice in a similar way to a common flashlight - by reading light
reflected from a surface. The process begins with a device that shines a beam of light directly
onto a barcode. The device contains a small sensor that detects reflected light and converts
it into electrical energy. The result is an electrical signal that can be interpreted and
converted into data. Barcodes are measured in proportion to the thinnest bar and in mils, or
1/1000th of an inch. A 15-mil barcode, for example, has a thin bar that is 15/1000 of an inch
wide. In addition to this, silent zones or blank spaces are included, on both sides of the
symbol, to guarantee the reading of the barcode.
The width of the black bars usually represents the numbers 0 or 1, while the sequence of
those bars signifies a number between 0 and 9. A computer connected to the scanner has
all the information on what item is associated with that unique combination of bars and
spaces and may add, multiply or divide those numbers to identify the correct product, which
shows up on the screen.
In a warehouse, the barcode might encode an item’s size, color and other attributes, as well
as its location, so the company has a detailed view of current inventory and can quickly fulfill
orders or conduct physical inventory counts. In a retail setting, this information could include
the product name and price that an associate needs to check out a customer. Organizations
can use barcodes to track goods throughout their life cycle, from manufacture to distribution
to purchase to service and repair.

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 TYPES OF QR CODES IN THE LOGISTICS INDUSTRY
There are two types of QR codes today:

• Static QR codes, which always contain the same information once created
• Dynamic QR codes, which are created for those cases in which the information
included must be updated periodically without the need to change the code.
It should be said that the most common and widespread are static QR codes. The structure
that makes up a QR code is designed to keep the information legible to a scanner, even if
it's dark or damaged.
With the aforementioned error correction, what is caused is to repeat the same information
several times, so that everything written can be read and guaranteeing the reliability of the
created QR.
Types of QR codes in the logistics industry:
The most common is "Model 2", which is an improved version of the initial model developed
by Denso Wave. However, there are different kinds of QR codes:
Model 1 and 2: The first model is the initial version of the QR code developed by Denso
Wave and the second model is the improved version of the first and capable of storing more
data.
Micro QR: It is the code in its reduced version. It can have up to four different sizes
depending on the content and the level of error correction it has.
SQRC: This has a restriction on data reading, so it is used to manage private and internal
company information.
Frame QR: In this code you can add illustrations or photographs without damaging its
content. It is usually used in companies, which add their logo to enhance their corporate
image.
Companies use the most convenient type of code based on their needs and particularities.
For example, Model 2, as it has a greater information capacity, is the most suitable for
controlling warehouse products.

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 TYPES OF BARCODES IN THE LOGISTICS INDUSTRY

Code 39
This is one of the oldest barcodes around and is a common symbology found in electronics,
healthcare, and government. It is a lineal, 1D, alphanumeric code with the ability to include
the entire 128 ASCII character set and extend to any length, only limited by the size of the
label.
Code 128
Derived from the ASCII 128-character set (0-9, a-z, A-Z, and some special characters), this
compact barcode is used extensively in packaging and shipping applications worldwide.
Code 128 features an automatic switching setting that allows users to optimize it for barcode
length.
Interleaved 2 of 5
Commonly found in warehouse, distribution, and manufacturing, Code I 2 of 5 is a numeric-
only barcode used to encode pairs of numbers. Every two digits are paired to create one
symbol. The number of digits used must be even for this format to work, so a zero is
commonly added at the end of an odd set of numbers.
Universal Product Codes (UPC)
Found on nearly every retail product, these barcodes were originally created for grocery
stores to provide quick receipt printing and inventory tracking. After securing a UPC number,
a manufacturer will receive a unique company number to combine with their individual
product numbers.
International Article Number (EAN)
Considered a superset of the UPC, these barcodes are used specifically by booksellers,
libraries, universities and wholesalers for book traceability. These 13-digit codes are created
from the International Standard Book Numbers (ISBN) for each respective book tracked.
Like UPCs, these are standardized for the unique identification of publishers.
PDF417
This stacked, linear 2D barcode can be found in many types of identification such as your
driver’s license. It is the also the chosen standard by the USPS and Department of
Homeland Security due to its advanced capabilities, such as encoding links to more than
one data file.
Data Matrix
This has become one the most common 2D barcodes. It is a square in shape code and can
encode large – as in huge – amounts of information in a very small space; it is very popular
in electronics manufacturing and healthcare for that reason. 2D codes require sophisticated
scanners, such as smartphones, to basically “take a picture” and translate the entire image
at one time. When companies need more barcode storage capacity, 2D barcodes reign
supreme over their 1D counterparts.
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TABLE TYPES OF BARCODES

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 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF QR CODES

Advantage

• These codes have the capacity to store more than 4,000 characters, allowing a large
amount of information to be transmitted.
• This innovative method can be shared through magazines, business brochures,
cards, screens, among others.
• Useful for marketing campaigns. The information provided in each code can be
constantly editable, allowing you to add or delete information whenever you want.
• It is a versatile and low-cost tool, which allows reaching a specific market and
communicating more content in less space.
Disadvantages

• The use of the QR code can create difficulties for those who do not know how to use
it. This can prevent the objective of disseminating information from being fulfilled,
creating disinterest on the part of the user.
• If you do not have a connection to a mobile or Wi-Fi network, it is impossible to use
the QR code, so it is necessary to have a smartphone.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF QR CODES

Advantages

• Reduced lead times for incoming and outgoing stock.

• Easier replenishment.
• Simplified permanent inventory.
• Elimination of errors due to manual processing.
Disadvantages

• Pricing problems. Discrepancies in pricing can occur if store employees forget to

enter the settlement code for an item. Customers and employees will have to solve
the problem at the cash register.
• Damaged labels. Barcode readers cannot read labels that are wrinkled, soiled or
stained.
• Initial cost. Businesses that do not yet have barcodes avoid implementing them due
to the initial cost of the necessary equipment.
• Training. Another disadvantage when starting to use barcodes is employee training,
which can be a significant problem if the business is large.
• Printing Requirements. Dot matrix and ink jet printers cannot print good quality
codes.

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 DEVICES USED IN BARCODES SYSTEMS

Input devices
Input devices (wands, CCDs, scanners and laser plates) are the direct contact between the
user and the barcode. There is no other option that has a greater impact on the usability of
the system. Naturally there is a range of options in the same price range. In general, better
service will be obtained with more expensive devices, but this is not automatic. The choice
of input device is controlled by the following factors:
Volume: Some input devices are inherently more useful and reliable than others. If you have
a low application volume, any device is indicated. A high volume of application will require
a high-quality device. High-grade devices are faster and more reliable.
Barcode Quality: One of the advantages of high-quality input devices is the ability to read
poor quality barcodes. In applications where barcodes are of poor quality or may be
damaged, using high quality devices can save time and reduce errors.

The most common input devices are:

Wands: These are the cheapest input devices. They are suitable for low volume scanning
but have some drawbacks. They require a flat reading surface, a high-quality barcode, and
a certain amount of skill on the part of the person using it. However, in applications where a
full sheet of barcodes has to be scanned, it is an excellent choice.
CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) Readers: This is the next step up from wands. A CCD has
a reading head the same width as the barcode (5 to 10 cm). The user fixes the reader head
on the barcode and a series of LEDs illuminate the barcode so that it can be read. This
requires less skill than the wand and works with most poor-quality barcodes. They require a
fairly flat surface and the CCD must be a maximum of 0.5 cm from the barcode to be able
to read it. The surface may be slightly curved in the direction of the bars but not more than
a 1-liter bottle curve.
Laser Scanners: These are the best type of input device and therefore the most expensive
option for handheld devices. They work on curved or uneven surfaces and read almost all
poor-quality barcodes. They read at a much greater distance than wands and CCD readers
(I2 at 65 cms). Laser scanners come in general purpose and high-performance options.
In and/or On-Counter Laser Scanners: These systems use laser scanners fixed in place,
and barcodes are carried to scanners. The most common example is the one used in
supermarkets. Another example is the scanner mounted on a conveyor belt that reads the
labels on the boxes or packages as it moves down the line. These are used by airline
companies for baggage processing, in storage to control conveyors or other devices, and
by many types of product manufacturing companies.
Slot scanners: They are basically used for time and attendance of personnel and security.
Each scanner has a slot where encrypted cards are swiped. These scanners look a lot like
credit card readers but read barcodes instead of magnetic encoding.

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Combination Scanners: Two different types of input devices can be mixed. For
example, a slot scanner and a laser scanner can be connected to a decoder to allow
users to enter information both ways. Many models allow magnetic card readers to
be connected to barcode readers. In this way, credit cards and ATM cards can be
processed in the same system that reads the barcodes on the packages.

DEVICES USED IN QR CODES SYSTEMS

QR code reader
While both QR and Datamatrix codes are error-correcting and allow more
information to be stored than 1D barcodes, the main advantage of QR codes is that
they are open source, so they are used all over the world. And they are easy to
create .
For this reason, QR code readers are widely used in sectors that require
interaction with the public such as leisure, where they are used to identify tickets ,
tourism, where we will have to carry out check-in tasks , or commerce, where it
allows us to unite the online and offline worlds , for example, including a code QR
on the label that directs us to an online catalog or reading coupons.
Datamatrix code readers
Datamatrix codes, unlike QR codes, are used in specialized sectors , since the
Datamatrix code is one of the main international standards . It is used especially in
sectors where quality controls are very demanding, such as in the aerospace, naval,
automotive, pharmaceutical industries .
Thanks to the large amount of information, they contain and the ability of the readers
of Datamatrix codes to read damaged codes, readers that allow Datamatrix codes
to be read are the most suitable for tracking the traceability of products
QR code and Datamatrix readers in pistol
Unlike the fixed ones, the QR code and Datamatrix readers in gun format are the
most suitable for situations that require operators with greater freedom of movement
. When opting for a 2D gun code reader, we must take into account whether the
priority is the freedom of movement, a situation in which we will choose a wireless
QR and Datamatrix reader, or autonomy, which will make a wired reader the most
appropriate option.

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 CONCLUSION

The development of this work led to the conclusion of the great importance of the
use of barcodes or QR codes in warehouses, since they are mainly used to fulfill two
functions: to help operators to take inventory more quickly and to provide full
traceability, that is, to track products throughout the various processes they go
through in the supply chain.
Another reason why it is necessary to identify products with barcodes or QR, is the
ease of marketing that occurs thanks to the clarity and quality of the information
contained in them. In addition, this allows different businesses to keep control of their
inventories in order to keep a detailed record of each of their products, both incoming
and outgoing.
Implementing international standards and barcodes allows to automatically capture
all the information about a product with no margin of error, which makes it a fast and
secure system. Likewise, barcodes help companies to know the traceability of their
products, from the warehouse to the final distribution.
The final conclusion of this work is that implementing an inventory control system
using QR codes or barcodes for proper inventory management is an option that
allows companies to control their processes more efficiently at a lower cost.

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 REFERENCES

https://www.muycomputer.com/2021/06/07/codigos-qr/
https://es.godaddy.com/blog/que-es-un-codigo-qr-y-como-funciona/
https://es.shopify.com/enciclopedia/codigo-de-barras
https://www.mbcestore.com.mx/codigo-de-barras/
https://www.transeop.com/blog/codigos-qr-que-son-para-que-sirven-tipos/901/
https://barcode-labels.com/getting-started/barcodes/types/
https://qrplus.es/blog/ventajas-y-desventajas-de-usar-un-codigo-qr
http://giverrojas.blogspot.com/2016/10/ventajas-y-desventajas-de-el-codigo-de.html
https://borealtech.com/sistemas-de-codigos-de-
barras/#:~:text=Los%20dispositivos%20de%20entrada%20(varitas,un%20mismo%2
0rango%20de%20precios.
https://www.tecnipesa.com/productos/lectores-codigos-barras/lector-codigos-qr

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