AIM:    TO STUDY ESSENTIALITY

OF MINERALS AND DEFICIENCY

SYMPTOMS OF ESSENTIAL MINERALS ON
PLANT GROWTH.

REQUIREMENTS:
CULTURE SOLUTIONS, GRAM OR MAIZE SEEDLINGS,
STERILISED BOTTLES, WEIGHING BALANCE.

THEORY:
PLANT REQUIRE MINERALS FOR NORMAL GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT.
MINERALS WHICH ARE NEEDED IN LARGE
QUANTITY ARE CALLED MACRONUTRIENTS. FOR
EXAMPLES, C, H, O, N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg AND Fe.
MINERALS WHICH ARE NEEDED IN SMALL
QUANTITY ARE CALLED MICRONUTRIENTS. FOR
EXAMPLES, M, Z, B, C! AND M".
HYDROPONICS# SOIL LESS CULTURES# TO RAISE
 THE PLANTS IN SOLUTION CULTURES WITHOUT
USING SOIL.
 

HYDROPONICS IS USEFUL$
%a& IN AREAS WITH THIN, FERTILE ANDDRY SOILS
%'& TO FIND OUT THE ESSENTIALITY AND
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS OF VARIOUS
MINERALS.

CRITERIA FOR ESSENTIALITY OF AN ELEMENT

IS$
%a& IT IS NECESSARY FOR GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT AND IT IS DIRECTLY INVOLVED
IN PLANT METABOLISM.
%'& IT CANNOT BE REPLACED BY ANY OTHER
ELEMENT.
%(& DEFICIENCY OF THE ELEMENT PRODUCES
DEFICIENCY SYMPTOMS. DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS OR HUNGER SIGNS  INCLUDE
CHLOROSIS, STUNTED GROWTH, NECROSIS,
PREMATURE LEAF FALL, MALFORMED
LEAVES.

ESSENTIALITY OF MINERALS CAN BE

DETERMINED BY GROWING PLANTS IN$
%a& KNOP)S  AND SACH)S CULTURE SOLUTION
WHICH CONTAIN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT SALTS
 

IN SPECIFIC RATIO DISSOLVED IN DISTILLED

WATER.
%'& SAND CULTURE, *.e. , WELL WASHED,
HEATED PURE QUARTZ SAND, MIXED WITH
CULTURE SOLUTION CONTAINING SPECIFIC
SALTS.

PROCEDURE:
+.PREPARE THE SACH)S CULTURE SOLUTION BY
DISSOLVING THE FOLLOWING IN +-
WATER.
NORMAL /N /Ca /Fe /C
SOLUTION SOLUTIO SOLUTIO SOLUTIO SOLUTIO
N N N N
KNO0/ +g //////// +g +g +g
CALCIUM .1g /////// .1g .1g
PHOSPHATE/
.1g
MAGNESIUM .1g .1g .1g .1g
SULPHATE/
.1g
CALCIUM .21g ///////// .21g .21g
SULPHATE/
.21g
 

SODIUM .21g .21g .21g ////////

CHLORIDE/
.21g
FERROUS .+g .+g /////// .+g
SULPHATE/
.+g
2.GROW FEW GRAM SEEDS TILL THEY BECOME
SEEDLINGS.
0.  TAKE 1 STERILISED CONTAINERS A, B, C, D, E.
FILL CONTAINER A WITH NORMAL CULTURE
SOLUTION, B WITH %/N& SOLUTION, C WITH %/
Ca& SOLUTION, D WITH %/Fe& SOLUTION, E WITH
%/C& SOLUTION. COVER THEM WITH SPLIT
CORK LID.
3.PUT ONE SEEDLING IN EACH BOTTLE THROUGH
SPLIT CORK AND PROVIDE NORMAL LIGHT,
 TEMPERATURE AND OXYGEN TO LET THEM
GROW.
1.RECORD YOUR OBSERVATIONS AGTER SOME
INTERVALS OF DAYS.

 
OBSERVATIONS:
  SEEDLINGS
 

 
1 st "'4e56a7*"
 

 
 

28 "'4e56a7*"

 
 

058 "'4e56a7*"
 

RESULT AND
DISCUSSION
+.BOTTLE A SHOWS NORMAL SEEDLING
GROWTH.
2.BOTTLE B SEEDLING SHOWS DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS FOR NITROGEN LIKE CHLOROSIS
STARTING FROM OLDER LEAVES, DTUNTED
GROWTH.
0.BOTTLE C SEEDLING SHOWS DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS FOR CALCIUM LIKE STUNTED
GROWTH OF SEEDLING, NECROSIS AND
CURLING OF LEAVES.
3.BOTTLE D SEEDLING SHOW DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS FOR IRON LIKE INTERVIENAL
CHLOROSIS AND REDUCED GROWTH.
1.BOTTLE E SEEDLING SHOWS DEFICIENCY
SYMPTOMS FOR CHLORINE *.e. , LEAF WILTING,
CHLOROSIS AND NECROSIS9 SWOLLEN ROOT
 TIPS.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 

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