You are on page 1of 83

<!DOCTYPE HTML><html xmlns="http://www.w3.

org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"


xmlns:og="http://opengraphprotocol.org/schema/"
xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml"><head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#
scribd-com: http://ogp.me/ns/apps/scribd-com#"><link rel="preconnect"
href="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/"><link rel="preconnect"
href="https://html.scribdassets.com"><link rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous"
href="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/regular/
source_sans_pro_regular.latin.e8ecbdac.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"><link
rel="preload" crossorigin="anonymous"
href="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/assets/fonts/source_sans_pro/semibold/
source_sans_pro_600.latin.76017e81.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2"><link
rel="preload" href="https://cmp.osano.com/AzZdHGSGtpxCq1Cpt/4e10b135-d113-4574-
a477-270ace40bba7/osano.js?language=en" as="script"><script>window.Scribd =
window.Scribd || {}; window.Scribd.config =
{"js_logging_enabled":false,"raise_js_callback_errors":false,"session_domain":".scr
ibd.com","csrf_token_url":"https://www.scribd.com/csrf_token","facebook":
{"app_id":136494494209,"permissions":"email,public_profile","namespace":"scribd-
com","link_url":"/facebook_link"}}; window.Scribd.webpack_public_path = "https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/monolith/"; window.Scribd.AssetPath = "https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/";</script><style>.outer_page,.outer_page_container{position:rel
ative}.outer_page{display:block;font-size:16px;margin:10px auto
20px;overflow:hidden;contain:strict}.outer_page.book_view{display:inline-
block}.outer_page.blurred_page{-webkit-user-drag:none;-webkit-user-select:none;-
moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.newpage{white-
space:nowrap;position:relative;top:0;left:0;text-
rendering:auto;color:#000}.image_layer{width:0;height:0;position:absolute;top:0;lef
t:0}.image_layer .absimg{position:absolute;border:none;left:0;-webkit-user-
drag:none}.image_layer .absimg::selection{background-
color:transparent}.link_layer,.text_layer{width:0;height:0;position:absolute;top:0;
left:0}.text_layer{transform:scale(.2);transform-origin:top left}.text_layer
div,.text_layer span{white-space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;line-
height:1}.text_layer span{height:1px}.text_layer span.a,.text_layer
span.g{position:absolute;border:none;left:0}.text_layer span.w{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline-block}.text_layer
a.ll{position:absolute;display:block;color:inherit;text-decoration:none}.text_layer
span.l{margin:0}.text_layer span.l,.text_layer span.l1{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline}.text_layer span.l1{margin:0 0 0 -1px}.text_layer
span.l2{margin:0 0 0 -2px}.text_layer span.l2,.text_layer span.l3{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline}.text_layer span.l3{margin:0 0 0 -3px}.text_layer
span.l4{margin:0 0 0 -4px}.text_layer span.l4,.text_layer span.l5{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline}.text_layer span.l5{margin:0 0 0 -5px}.text_layer
span.l6{margin:0 0 0 -6px}.text_layer span.l6,.text_layer span.l7{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline}.text_layer span.l7{margin:0 0 0 -7px}.text_layer
span.l8{margin:0 0 0 -8px}.text_layer span.l8,.text_layer span.l9{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline}.text_layer span.l9{margin:0 0 0 -9px}.text_layer
span.l10{margin:0 0 0 -10px}.text_layer span.l10,.text_layer span.l11{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline}.text_layer span.l11{margin:0 0 0 -11px}.text_layer
span.l12{white-space:nowrap;padding:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline;margin:0 0 0 -12px}.text_layer
span.w1{width:1px}.text_layer span.w1,.text_layer span.w2{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline-block}.text_layer span.w2{width:2px}.text_layer
span.w3{width:3px}.text_layer span.w3,.text_layer span.w4{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline-block}.text_layer span.w4{width:4px}.text_layer
span.w5{width:5px}.text_layer span.w5,.text_layer span.w6{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline-block}.text_layer span.w6{width:6px}.text_layer
span.w7{width:7px}.text_layer span.w7,.text_layer span.w8{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline-block}.text_layer span.w8{width:8px}.text_layer
span.w9{width:9px}.text_layer span.w9,.text_layer span.w10{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline-block}.text_layer span.w10{width:10px}.text_layer
span.w11{width:11px}.text_layer span.w11,.text_layer span.w12{white-
space:nowrap;padding:0;margin:0;border:none;height:1px;line-
height:1;display:inline-block}.text_layer span.w12{width:12px}
</style><title>Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal and Petroleum | PDF | Coal |
Fuels</title><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-
8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"><meta
property="og:site_name" content="Scribd"><meta property="og:title" content="Lesson
Plan Class VIII - Coal and Petroleum | PDF | Coal | Fuels"><meta
property="fb:app_id" content="136494494209"><meta name="yandex-verification"
content="0ed66f497fbf9765"><meta name="naver-site-verification"
content="8a1986b0a4079515076ba34125d27de19b41887c"><meta name="google-site-
verification" content="GynhMUSITpW_pWiKif7wsGGlMOFA2TYQKkvOAqu-qiM"><meta
name="google-signin-client_id" content="491264573595-
hs5hu9ijbfl9g6khnkn2retrfr6lcua7.apps.googleusercontent.com"><meta name="viewport"
content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,minimum-scale=1.0"><meta name="robots"
content="noarchive"><meta name="description" content="Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal
and Petroleum - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text
File (.txt) or read online for free. Coal and Petroleum"><link rel="image_src"
href="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/436328248/original/
a409ad2c10/1667399786?v=1"><meta property="og:type" content="scribd-
com:document"><meta property="og:url"
content="https://www.scribd.com/document/436328248/Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-
Petroleum"><meta property="og:title" content="Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal and
Petroleum"><meta property="og:description" content="Coal and Petroleum"><meta
property="og:image"
content="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/436328248/original/
a409ad2c10/1667399786?v=1"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"><meta
name="twitter:url" content="https://www.scribd.com/document/436328248/Lesson-Plan-
Class-VIII-Coal-and-Petroleum"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Lesson Plan
Class VIII - Coal and Petroleum"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Coal and
Petroleum"><meta name="twitter:image"
content="https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/436328248/original/
a409ad2c10/1667399786?v=1"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@Scribd"><meta
name="twitter:site:id" content="14167997"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-
default" href="https://www.scribd.com/document/436328248/Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-
Coal-and-Petroleum"><link rel="alternate" hreflang="en"
href="https://www.scribd.com/document/436328248/Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-
Petroleum"><link rel="icon" href="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/favicon.ico?
733c3ff60?v=4" type="image/x-icon"><link rel="search"
href="https://www.scribd.com/opensearch.xml"
type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search Scribd"><script
type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"MediaObject","a
dditionalType":"Product","name":"Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal and
Petroleum","image":["https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/
436328248/149x198/17d5b08515/1662803722?v=1","https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/
img/document/436328248/298x396/8e7b6f0e56/1662803722?v=1"],"aggregateRating":
{"@type":"AggregateRating","ratingValue":5.0,"ratingCount":4},"isAccessibleForFree"
:"False","hasPart":
{"@type":"WebPageElement","isAccessibleForFree":"False","cssSelector":".blurred_pag
e"}}</script><link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/packages_app.067cb6418e7d72b4d2
fd.css" type="text/css"><link rel="stylesheet"
href="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/app.575e78436c1aadcde242.css"
type="text/css"><link rel="canonical"
href="https://www.scribd.com/document/436328248/Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-
Petroleum"><link rel="alternate"
href="android-app://com.scribd.app.reader0/http/www.scribd.com/document/436328248/
Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-Petroleum?t=Lesson+Plan+Class+VIII+-
+Coal+and+Petroleum"><script defer type="application/javascript">if (typeof
window.crossOriginIsolated !== "undefined" && !crossOriginIsolated)
SharedArrayBuffer = ArrayBuffer;</script></head><body
class="autogen_class_views_layouts_doc_page autogen_class_views_layouts_web
autogen_class_widgets_page autogen_class_widgets_base locale_en_US responsive
megamenu body_container mobile_bottom_tabs" data-
revision="733c3ff6097f29bdb30ff8dc00c062ec338b81b3" data-hj-ignore-
attributes><script type="application/javascript">var DocumentManager=function()
{"use strict";window.__app_loaded=!1,window.__pages_to_blur=[];const
e="font_preload_bed",t="rasterize";function i(e,t,i){return t in e?
Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!
0}):e[t]=i,e}class s{constructor(e){this.possibleEvents=e||
[],this.initEventHelper()}initEventHelper(){this.eventListenerEnabled=!
0,this.eventListeners={};for(let e=0;e<this.possibleEvents.length;e+
+)this.eventListeners[this.possibleEvents[e]]={}}addEvent(e,t){if(!
this.eventListeners[e])throw Error(e+" is not a valid type of
event");this.eventListeners[e].next_uid||
(this.eventListeners[e].next_uid=1),t._event_listener_uid||
(t._event_listener_uid=this.eventListeners[e].next_uid,this.eventListeners[e].next_
uid++),this.eventListeners[e][t._event_listener_uid]=t}removeEvent(e,t){if(!
this.eventListeners[e])throw Error(e+" is not a valid type of event");delete
this.eventListeners[e][t._event_listener_uid]}fireEvent(e,...t){if(!
this.eventListenerEnabled)return;const
i=this.eventListeners[e],s=e=>{e.apply(this,t)};for(const e in i)"next_uid"!
==e&&Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(i,e)&&s(i[e])}}const
n={encode:window.btoa.bind(window),decode:window.atob.bind(window)};function a(e,t)
{e.href=t}const r=function(){const e=navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase();return
e.indexOf("mobile")>-1&&e.indexOf("safari/")>-1&&-1===e.indexOf("chrome/")}();class
o{constructor(){}name(){return this._name}register(e,t){if(this.registered)throw
Error("This ViewManager is already registered");this.registered=!
0,this.documentManager=e,this.viewportManager=t,this._currentPageWidth=window.defau
ltViewWidth,this._currentZoomMultiplier=1,this._updatePageWidths();const
i=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage;this._register(e,t),i&&this.documentManager
.gotoPage(i.pageNum,{}),e.executeCallbacks()}_zoomedPageWidth(){return
this._currentPageWidth*this._currentZoomMultiplier}_updatePageWidths()
{this.documentManager.setPageWidths(this._zoomedPageWidth())}isTopPageInView()
{return!0}_register(e,t){}unregister(){if(!this.registered)throw Error("This
ViewManager is already
unregistered");this.isFullscreen&&this.exitFullscreen(),this._setBodyWidth(),this._
unregister(),this.registered=!1,delete this.documentManager,delete
this.viewportManager}_unregister(){}_pagingStep(){return 1}gotoPage(e,t){if(!
this.registered)throw Error("ViewManager must be registerd to call
gotoPage");this._gotoPage(e,t)}_gotoPage(e,t){}_fireHideExtras()
{this.documentManager._fireHideExtras(),this._extrasHidden=!0}_fireShowExtras()
{this.documentManager._fireShowExtras(),this._extrasHidden=!1}enterFullscreen()
{if(this.isFullscreen)throw Error("Fullscreen is already
set");this._setBodyWidth(),this.viewportManager.addEvent("resize",this._fullscreenR
esizedCallback),this._fireHideExtras(),this.resetZoom(),this._enterFullscreen(),thi
s._fullscreenResized(this.viewportManager.viewRect),this._currentPageWidth=this.vie
wportManager.viewRect.width,this.isFullscreen=!0;const
e=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage;e&&this.documentManager.gotoPage(e.pageNum,
{}),this.documentManager._fireEnteredFullscreen()}exitFullscreen(){if(!
this.isFullscreen)throw Error("Fullscreen is not
set");this.viewportManager.removeEvent("resize",this._fullscreenResizedCallback),th
is._fireShowExtras(),this.resetZoom(),this._exitFullscreen(),this.isFullscreen=!
1;const
e=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage;e&&this.documentManager.gotoPage(e.pageNum,
{}),this.documentManager._fireExitedFullscreen()}_viewBarWidth(){return
this._extrasHidden?0:this.documentManager.options.extrasWidth}_enterFullscreen()
{}_exitFullscreen(){}_fullscreenResized(e){}_scrollWithZoom(e,t)
{window.scrollTo(0,e.top*t)}zoom(e){const
t=this.viewportManager.viewRect;t&&(this._currentZoomMultiplier*=e,this._setBodyWid
th(),this._updatePageWidths(),this.documentManager.setIsScrolling(!
0),this._scrollWithZoom(t,e),this._zoomed(),this.documentManager.setIsScrolling(!
1),this.documentManager._fireZoomed(e))}_zoomed(){}resetZoom()
{this._currentZoomMultiplier=1,this._setBodyWidth(),this._updatePageWidths(),this._
zoomed()}_setBodyWidth(){if(window.DocumentManager.scrollParent)return;if(!
1===window.DocumentManager.updateBodyWidth)return;const
e=document.documentElement.clientWidth,t=this._zoomedPageWidth()
+this._viewBarWidth()+10,i=document.getElementById("global_header");t>e?
(document.body.style.width=`${t}px`,i&&(i.style.width=`${e}px`)):
(document.body.style.width="100%",i&&(i.style.width="100%"))}}class l extends
o{constructor()
{super(),this._name="scroll",this._verticalPositionChangeCallback=()=>{this.checkAn
dUpdateVisiblePages()},this._fullscreenResizedCallback=()=>{this._fullscreenResized
()},this.shouldRestorePosition=!0}_updateInViewport(e){const
t=this.viewportManager.viewRect,i=e.boundingRect,s=e.isVisible;return e.isVisible=!
(!t||!
i)&&(i.left<t.right&&i.right>t.left&&i.top<t.bottom&&i.bottom>t.top),this.adjacentV
isiblePages=1,s!==e.isVisible}checkAndUpdateVisiblePages(){let e=!1;for(const t in
this.pages)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.pages,t)){const
i=this.pages[t],s=this._updateInViewport(i);e=e||s}e?
this.documentManager.visiblePagesChanged():this.documentManager.scheduleLogPageView
(),this._updateDisplayOnPages()}_updateDisplayOnPages()
{if(this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage&&this.documentManager.lastVisiblePage)
{const e=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-
this.adjacentVisiblePages,t=this.documentManager.lastVisiblePage.pageNum+this.adjac
entVisiblePages;for(const i in
this.pages)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.pages,i)){const
s=this.pages[i];s&&(s.pageNum>=e&&s.pageNum<=t?s.display():
(s.hide(),this.documentManager.fireEvent("pageHide",s)))}}}_zoomed(){thi
s.checkAndUpdateVisiblePages()}_register(e)
{this.pages=e.pages,this.viewportManager.addEvent("vertical",this._verticalPosition
ChangeCallback);for(const e in
this.pages)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.pages,e))
{this.documentManager.pages[e].containerElem.style.display=""}this.documentManager.
setPageMissingModulesVisible(!
0),this.documentManager._updatePageBoundingRects(),this.checkAndUpdateVisiblePages(
)}isTopPageInView(){const e=this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage;return!e||
(this.documentManager._expectedFirstPageNum>e.pageNum||
e.boundingRect.top+5>=this.viewportManager.viewRect.top)}_unregister()
{this.viewportManager.removeEvent("vertical",this._verticalPositionChangeCallback),
delete this.pages}_gotoPage(e,t){if(t=t||{},!
Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.pages,e))return;const
i=this.documentManager.pages[e];this.documentManager.setIsScrolling(!0);const
s=this.documentManager.viewportManager.container;return
i._updateBoundingRect(),s===window?scrollTo(i.boundingRect.left,i.boundingRect.top-
(t.offset||0)):s.scrollTop=i.boundingRect.top-(t.offset||
0),this.documentManager.setIsScrolling(!1),this.documentManager.isScrolling||
this.documentManager.visiblePagesChanged(),i.pageNum}_gotoNextPage()
{this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage&&this.documentManager.gotoPage(this.document
Manager.firstVisiblePage.pageNum+1,{direction:1})}_gotoPreviousPage()
{this.documentManager.firstVisiblePage&&this.documentManager.gotoPage(this.document
Manager.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-1,{direction:-1})}_setWidth(e){const
t=this.pagePosition();this._currentPageWidth=e,this._updatePageWidths(),this._setBo
dyWidth(),this.restorePosition(t)}_fullscreenResized()
{this._setWidth((window.innerWidth||document.documentElement.clientWidth)-
30)}_enterFullscreen(){this._previousPageWidth=this._currentWidth||
window.defaultViewWidth}_exitFullscreen()
{this._setWidth(this._previousPageWidth)}pagePosition(){const
e=this.viewportManager.container,t=this.documentManager.pages[this.documentManager.
currentPageNum()||1],i=e.scrollTop,s=e.scrollLeft,n=(i-t.boundingRect.top)/
t.boundingRect.height,a=(s-t.boundingRect.left)/
t.boundingRect.width;return[t.pageNum,n,a]}restorePosition(e)
{if(this._disableRestorePosition)return;const
t=this.pages[e[0]].containerElem;if(this._gotoPage(e[0],{offset:-
Math.floor(e[1]*t.clientHeight)}),null!==e[2]){const
i=this.viewportManager.container;let s=e[2];s=Math.floor(s*t.clientWidth);const
n=t.clientWidth-i.clientWidth;i.scrollLeft=Math.min(n,s)}}zoom(e){if(!
this.viewportManager.viewRect)return;const
t=this.pagePosition();this._currentZoomMultiplier*=e,this._setBodyWidth(),this._upd
atePageWidths(),this.shouldRestorePosition&&this.restorePosition(t),this._zoomed(),
this.documentManager._fireZoomed(e)}}class h extends o{constructor()
{super(),this._name="slideshow",this.currentPageId=null,this._fullscreenResizedCall
back=e=>{this._fullscreenResized(e)}}_register(){this._prepareDisplay();const
e=document.getElementById("scroll_preventer");e&&(e.style.overflow="hidden",e.style
.height="100%")}_unregister(){const
e=document.getElementById("scroll_preventer");e&&(e.style.overflow="visible",e.styl
e.height="auto")}_prepareDisplay(){for(const e in
this.documentManager.pages)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.documentMan
ager.pages,e)){const
t=this.documentManager.pages[e];t.containerElem.style.display="none",t.hide()}this.
documentManager.setPageMissingModulesVisible(!
1),this.documentManager.gotoPage(this.documentManager.currentPageNum()||
1)}_setPageBounds(e){const
t=this.documentManager.pages[this.currentPageId];t&&t.setBounds(e.width,e.height)}_
gotoPage(e){if(!
Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.documentManager.pages,e))return;let
t;this.currentPageId&&(t=this.documentManager.pages[this.currentPageId],t&&(t.isVis
ible=!
1,t.containerElem.style.display="none",t.hide())),this.currentPageId=e,t=this.docum
entManager.pages[e],this.isFullscreen&&this._setPageBounds(this.viewportManager.vie
wRect),t.isVisible=!0,t.display(!
0),t.containerElem.style.display="",t._updateBoundingRect(),this.documentManager.vi
siblePagesChanged()}_setWidth(e)
{this._currentPageWidth=e,this.documentManager.setPageWidths(e)}_fullscreenResized(
e){this._setPageBounds(e)}_enterFullscreen()
{this._previousPageWidth=this._currentPageWidth||
window.defaultViewWidth}_exitFullscreen()
{this._setWidth(window.defaultViewWidth),this._setBodyWidth()}}class
g{constructor(e={})
{const{url:t,id:i,shortstyle:s,family:n,fallback:a,weight:r,style:o}=e;this.url=t,t
his.id=i,this.shortstyle=s,this.family=n,this.fallback=a,this.weight=r,this.style=o
}setupFont(){const{url:e,family:t,weight:i,style:s}=this,n=new FontFace(t,`url($
{e})`,{weight:i,style:s});return n.display="swap",n}getFontFamily(){return`font-
family: ${this.family};`}getFontWeight(){return`font-weight: $
{this.weight};`}getFontStyle(){return`font-style: $
{this.style};`}createPreloadElem(){return`<span style="font-family: $
{this.family}">scribd.</span>`}}class d{constructor(e)
{this.fonts=[],this.docManager=e,this._cssRuleQueue=[],this._fontLoadQueue=[]}addCS
SRuleToQueue(e,t=!1)
{this._cssRuleQueue.push(e),t&&this._flushCSSRuleQueue()}addFont(e,t,i,s,n,a){const
r=this._fontUrl(i,e),o=new
g({url:r,id:e,shortstyle:t,family:i,fallback:s,weight:n,style:a});return
this.fonts[e]=o,o}addFontToQueue(e){const t=this.fonts[e];t._loadQueued||
(t._loadQueued=!0,this._fontLoadQueue.push(t))}flushFontQueue()
{if(0===this._fontLoadQueue.length)return;if(this.docManager.displayType===t)return
;const e=this._fontLoadQueue;return this._fontLoadQueue=[],new
Promise(requestAnimationFrame).then((()=>this._loadFonts(e)))}initStyles()
{this.docManager.displayType!
==t&&(this._initFamilyCSS(),this._initHidersCSS(),this._flushCSSRuleQueue("preload_
styler"))}setupTestElements(){}maxFontsLoading(){return 10}_appendNewStyleBlock()
{const e=document.createElement("style");return
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(e),e}_flushCSSRuleQueue(e)
{if(this._cssRuleQueue.length>0){const t=e&&document.getElementById(e)||
this._appendNewStyleBlock(),i=this._cssRuleQueue.join("\
n");t.appendChild(document.createTextNode(i)),this._cssRuleQueue=[]}}_loadFonts(e,t
=0,i=10){const s=[],n=[],a=Math.min(t+i,e.length);for(let i=t;i<a;i++){const
t=e[i].setupFont(),a=new
Promise((e=>{t.load().then((t=>{e(t)})).catch((t=>{e(t)}))}));s.push(a),n.push(`.$
{t.family}`)}return Promise.all(s).then((s=>{if(s.forEach((e=>{e instanceof
FontFace&&document.fonts.add(e)})),this.addCSSRuleToQueue(`${n.join(", ")}
{ display: unset; }`,!0),a<e.length)return new
Promise(requestAnimationFrame).then((()=>this._loadFonts(e,t+i,i)))}))}_fontUrl(e,t
){const
i=[this.docManager.fontAggregatorHosts[this.docManager._currentFontAggregatorHostId
x],this.docManager.assetPrefix,"fonts"];return i.push(`$
{t.toString().padStart(4,0)}.woff2`),i.join("/")}_initHidersCSS(){const
e=[];for(let t=0;t<this.fonts.length;t++)e.push(`.$
{this.fonts[t].family}`);this.addCSSRuleToQueue(`${e.join(", ")} { display:
none; }\n`)}_hasEmbedDiv(){return"undefined"!=typeof scribd&&void 0!
==scribd.embed_div_id}_getEmbedDivSelector(){return`#${scribd.embed_div_id} $
{selector}`}_initFamilyCSS(){for(let e=0;e<this.fonts.length;e++){const
t=this.fonts[e].family,i=this.fonts[e].fallback,s=this.fonts[e].weight,n=this.fonts
[e].style;let a=`div.${t}
span`;this._hasEmbedDiv()&&(a=this._getEmbedDivSelector()),this.addCSSRuleToQueue(`
${a} { font-family: ${t}, ${i}; font-weight: ${s}; font-style: ${n};\n}`)}}}class c
extends d{constructor(e){super(e)}getFontAggregatorHostUrl(e){const
t=[this.docManager.fontAggregatorHosts[this.docManager._currentFontAggregatorHostId
x],this.docManager.assetPrefix,e.join(","),12];return
t.push("ttfs.css"),t.join("/")}getFontAggregatorHostForFonts(e){const t=[];for(let
i=0;i<e.length;i++)t.push(e[i].shortstyle+e[i].id);return
t.sort(),this.getFontAggregatorHostUrl(t)}_addCSSLink(e){const
t=document.createElement("link");t.href=e,t.rel="stylesheet",t.type="text/
css";document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}flushFontQueue()
{if(0===this._fontLoadQueue.length)return;if(this.docManager.displayType===t)return
;const e=this._fontLoadQueue;this._fontLoadQueue=[];const
i=this.getFontAggregatorHostForFonts(e);this._addCSSLink(i),this._flushCSSRuleQueue
()}setupTestElements(){if(this.docManager.displayType===t)return;let i="";for(let
e=0;e<this.fonts.length;e++){i+=this.fonts[e].createPreloadElem()}const
s=document.getElementById(e);s.innerHTML=i,document.body.appendChild(s),this.addCSS
RuleToQueue("#font_preload_bed span {display: block; visibility:
hidden}",true)}maxFontsLoading(e,t,i){return e>=20&&0===t&&i>=11||e>=20&&i>=100?
10:100}}class u extends s{constructor()
{super(u.EVENT_NAMES),this.viewRect=null,this.enabled=!
1,this._scrollCallback=()=>{this._eventHandler("scroll")},this._resizeCallback=()=>
{this._eventHandler("resize")}}_makeViewRect(){const
e=this.container,t=document.documentElement,i=e.scrollTop||e.scrollY||
e.pageYOffset||t.scrollTop,s=e.scrollLeft||e.scrollX||e.pageXOffset||
t.scrollLeft,n=e.clientWidth||e.innerWidth||t.clientWidth,a=e.clientHeight||
e.innerHeight||
t.clientHeight,r={top:i,left:s,right:s+n,bottom:i+a,width:n,height:a};if(this.conta
iner!==window){const
e=this.container.getBoundingClientRect&&this.container.getBoundingClientRect();e&&(
r.offsetX=e.left,r.offsetY=e.top)}return r}_updateViewRect(){const
e=this.viewRect;this.viewRect=this._makeViewRect();return{xChanged:!e||e.left!
==this.viewRect.left||e.width!==this.viewRect.width,yChanged:!e||e.top!
==this.viewRect.top||e.height!==this.viewRect.height}}_eventHandler(e){const
t=this._updateViewRect();["resize","both"].includes(e)&&(t.xChanged||
t.yChanged)&&this.fireEvent("resize",this.viewRect),(t.xChanged||
t.yChanged)&&this.fireEvent("either",this.viewRect),t.xChanged&&this.fireEvent("hor
izontal",this.viewRect),t.yChanged&&this.fireEvent("vertical",this.viewRect)}enable
(){if(this.enabled)throw Error("ViewportManager has
already been enabled");this.enabled=!
0,this.container=window.DocumentManager.scrollParent||
window,this._eventHandler("both"),this.container.addEventListener("resize",this._re
sizeCallback,!1);(window.DocumentManager.scrollParent?
this.container:window.document).addEventListener("scroll",this._scrollCallback,!
1)}disable(){if(!this.enabled)throw Error("ViewportManager has already been
disabled");this.enabled=!
1,window.removeEventListener("resize",this._resizeCallback,!
1),this.container.removeEventListener("scroll",this._scrollCallback,!
1)}}i(u,"EVENT_NAMES",["vertical","horizontal","either","resize"]);class
m{constructor(e,t){this.pages=[],this.loaded=!
1,this.fonts={},this.numFonts=0,this.fontLoader=t,this.groupNum=e||0}addPage(e)
{for(let t=0;t<e.fonts.length;t++){const i=e.fonts[t];void
0===this.fonts[i]&&(this.fonts[i]=!0,this.numFonts+=1)}this.pages.push(e)}isFull()
{const e=this.pages.length,t=this.groupNum,i=this.numFonts;return this.hasLoaded||
i>this.fontLoader.maxFontsLoading(i,t,e)}load(e)
{if(this.hasLoaded)return;this.hasLoaded=!0;const t=()=>{for(const e in
this.fonts)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.fonts,e)&&this.fontLoader.addF
ontToQueue(e);this.fontLoader.flushFontQueue()};e?
window.setTimeout(t.bind(this),e):t.call(this)}newNextGroup(){return new
m(this.groupNum+1,this.fontLoader)}}class p{constructor(e){for(const t in
p._defaultParams)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(p._defaultParams,t)&&(this[t]
=e[t]||p._defaultParams[t]);const
t=this._getMissingRequiredParams();if(t.length)throw Error("Missing required Page
param(s): "+t.join(", "));if(!this.contentUrl&&!this.innerPageElem)throw
Error("Must initialize a page with either a contentUrl or innerPageElem
element");if(!0===this.containerElem.boundToPageObj)throw Error("Container Elem is
already bound to a page. We shouldn't get
here");this.containerElem.boundToPageObj=!
0,this._targetHeight=null,this._targetMultiplier=null,this._targetWidth=null,this._
innerPageVisible=!!this.innerPageElem,this._imagesTurnedOn=!
1,this.boundingRect=null,this.isVisible=!1,this.displayDirty=!
0,this.displayOn=null,this.loadHasStarted=!!
this.innerPageElem}_getMissingRequiredParams(){const e=[];let t;for(let
i=0;i<p._requiredParams.length;i++)t=p._requiredParams[i],this[t]||e.push(t);return
e}_updateBoundingRect(){let
e,t,i,s;if(this.containerElem.getBoundingClientRect&&this.docManager.viewportManage
r.viewRect){const
n=this.containerElem.getBoundingClientRect(),a=this.docManager.viewportManager.view
Rect;t=n.left+a.left,e=n.top+a.top,a.offsetX&&(t-=a.offsetX),a.offsetY&&(e-
=a.offsetY),i=n.right-n.left,s=n.bottom-
n.top,this.boundingRect={left:t,top:e,bottom:e+s,right:t+i,width:i,height:s}}else
e=this.containerElem.offsetTop,t=this.containerElem.offsetLeft,i=this.containerElem
.offsetWidth,s=this.containerElem.offsetHeight,this.boundingRect={left:t,top:e,bott
om:e+s,right:t+i,width:i,height:s}}_setContainerContents(e){const
t=e.replace(/<noscript *><img[^<>]*\/><\/noscript
*>/g,""),i=document.createElement("div");i.innerHTML=t.trim();const
s=i.firstChild;this.containerElem.appendChild(s),this.innerPageElem=s,this.turnOnLi
nks(),this.fixSVGFonts(),this._fitContentsToWidth(),this.displayDirty=!
0,this.displayOn?this.display():this.hide()}fixSVGFonts(){if(!
this._svgFontsFixed&&this.innerPageElem){if(r){const e=function(t)
{if(t.nodeType===document.TEXT_NODE){const i=t.textContent.search(/[ \n][^ \
n ]/);i>=0&&e(t.splitText(i+1))}else{const i=t.childNodes;for(let t=0;t<i.length;t+
+)e(i[t])}},t=function(e){const i=e.childNodes;for(let s=0;s<i.length;s++){const
n=i[s];if(n.nodeType===document.ELEMENT_NODE)t(n);else{const
t=i[s+1];t&&"#text"===t.nodeName&&e.insertBefore(document.createElement("span"),t)}
}};e(this.innerPageElem),t(this.innerPageElem)}this._svgFontsFixed=!
0}}imagePageContent(e){return`<img src="${e}"></img>`}load()
{if(this.currentlyLoading=!0,this.loadHasStarted=!0,this.innerPageElem)throw
Error("We already have loaded this page, but it looks like you called loadPage
again");this.loadFonts();const e=`page$
{this.pageNum}_callback`;if(window[e])try{delete window[e]}catch(t){window[e]=void
0}if(this.docManager.displayType===t)return delete this.currentlyLoading,void
this._setContainerContents(this.imagePageContent(this.contentUrl));const
i=document.createElement("script");window[e]=t=>{i&&i.parentNode===document.body&&d
ocument.body.removeChild(i);const s=t[0];delete
this.currentlyLoading,this._setContainerContents(s);const
n=document.getElementById(this.containerElem.id);if(n&&n.classList.contains("blurre
d_page")&&this.docManager.doDynamicBlurring(this.containerElem.id),this.docManager.
fireEvent("pageLoaded",this.containerElem),n&&this.docManager.lazyImageObserver)
{const e=n.querySelectorAll(".absimg");for(let t=0;t<e.length;t+
+)e[t].style.display="block";this.docManager.observeImages(this.containerElem)}try{
delete window[e]}catch(t){window[e]=void
0}},i.src=this.contentUrl,i.type="text/javascript",i.charset="UTF-
8",window.Osano&&(i.dataset.osano="ESSENTIAL"),document.body.appendChild(i)}remove(
){if(this.innerPageElem)
{this.innerPageElem.parentNode.removeChild(this.innerPageElem),delete
this.innerPageElem,delete this.currentLoading,delete
this.loadHasStarted,this._linksTurnedOn=!1,this._imagesTurnedOn=!
1,this._svgFontsFixed=!1}}display(e,t){if((!this.displayOn||
this.displayDirty)&&(this.displayOn=!0,!this.currentlyLoading)){if(!
this.innerPageElem)return this.loadHasStarted?void 0:e?void this.load():void
0;this.displayDirty=!1,t||(this._linksTurnedOn||
this.turnOnLinks(),this._imagesTurnedOn||this.docManager.lazyImageObserver||
this.turnOnImages(),this._svgFontsFixed||
this.fixSVGFonts()),this.loadFonts(),this._innerPageVisible||
(this.containerElem.className=this.containerElem.className.replace(/placeholder|
not_visible/g,""),this._innerPageVisible=!0,t||
(this.innerPageElem.style.display="block"))}}hide(){(this.displayOn||
this.displayDirty)&&(this.displayOn=!1,this.innerPageElem&&(this.displayDirty=!
1,this.containerElem.className=this.containerElem.className+"
not_visible",this._innerPageVisible=!1))}setLoadFontGroup(e)
{e.addPage(this),this.loadFontGroup=e}loadFonts()
{this.loadFontGroup.load()}_setZoomScale(e){const t=this.innerPageElem,i=`scale($
{e})`;t.style.transform!==i&&(t.style.transform=i,t.style.transformOrigin="top
left")}_fitContentsToWidth(){if(this._targetWidth&&this.innerPageElem){const
e=this._targetWidth/this.origWidth;this._targetMultiplier!
==e&&(this._setZoomScale(e),this._targetMultiplier=e)}}setWidth(e){const
t=Math.ceil(e/this.origWidth*this.origHeight);this._targetWidth!
==e&&(this.containerElem.style.width=e+"px",this._targetWidth=e),this._targetHeight
!
==t&&(this.containerElem.style.height=t+"px",this._targetHeight=t),this._fitContent
sToWidth()}setBounds(e,t){this.origWidth/this.origHeight>e/t?t=Math.ceil(e/
this.origWidth*this.origHeight):e=Math.ceil(t/
this.origHeight*this.origWidth),this._targetWidth!
==e&&(this.containerElem.style.width=e+"px",this._targetWidth=e),this._targetHeight
!
==t&&(this.containerElem.style.height=t+"px",this._targetHeight=t),this._fitContent
sToWidth()}turnOnImages(){if(!this.innerPageElem)throw Error("Can't turn on images
for a page that's not loaded");if(this._imagesTurnedOn)throw Error("Images have
already been turned on for this document");this._imagesTurnedOn=!0;const
e=this.innerPageElem.getElementsByTagName("img");for(let t=0;t<e.length;t+
+)this.docManager.lazyLoad(e[t])}turnOnLinks(){if(!this.innerPageElem)throw
Error("Can't turn on links for a page that's not
loaded");if(this._linksTurnedOn)throw Error("Links have already been turned on for
this document");this._linksTurnedOn=!0;const e=this.docManager,t=function(t){return
function()
{e.gotoPage(t.substring(4))}},i=this.innerPageElem.getElementsByTagName("a");for(le
t e=0;e<i.length;e++){const s=i[e];if(s.className.toLowerCase().search("ll")>-1&&!
s.href){const e=s.getAttribute("orig");if(e){let i=n.decode(e).replace(/^j[\W]*a[\
W]*v[\W]*a[\W]*s[\W]*c[\W]*r[\W]*i[\W]*p[\W]*t[\W]*:|^f[\W]*i[\W]*l[\W]*e[\W]*:/
gi,"");i.search(/^page/)>-1?s.onclick=t(i):(i.search(/^(http|
ftp)/)<0&&(i="http://"+i),s.target="_blank",a(s,i),s.rel="nofollow
ugc")}}}}}i(p,"_defaultParams",
{containerElem:null,innerPageElem:null,contentUrl:null,origWidth:null,origHeight:nu
ll,fonts:null,docManager:null,pageNum:null}),i(p,"_requiredParams",
["origWidth","origHeight","fonts","docManager","containerElem","pageNum"]);class f
extends s{constructor(e,t,i){super(f.EVENT_NAMES),this.options=i||
{},this.options.extrasWidth=this.options.extrasWidth||
window.extrasWidth,this.defaultViewMode=e||"scroll",this.mobile=t||!
1,this.callbacks_ready=!
1,this.callbacks=[],this.pages={},this._pageWidths=null,this.options.hasWoffFonts?
(this._fontLoader=new d(this),this.adjacentFontLoadPages=1):(this._fontLoader=new
c(this),this.adjacentFontLoadPages=8),this.viewManagers={scroll:new l,slideshow:new
h},this.viewportManager=new
u,this._currentFontAggregatorHostIdx=0,this.visiblePages=[],this.firstVisiblePage=n
ull,this.lastVisiblePage=null,this.firstHiddenPageNum=null,this.truncateDocument=wi
ndow.__truncate_document||!1,this.currentFontGroup=new
m(0,this._fontLoader),this.isScrolling=!
1,this._scrollingCount=0,"IntersectionObserver"in
window&&"IntersectionObserverEntry"in window&&"intersectionRatio"in
window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype&&"isIntersecting"in
window.IntersectionObserverEntry.prototype&&this.setupLazyImageObserver()}setupLazy
ImageObserver(){this.lazyImageObserver=new
IntersectionObserver((e=>{e.forEach((e=>{e.isIntersecting&&this.lazyLoad(e.target)}
))}))}lazyLoad(e){e.className.toLowerCase().search("absimg")>-1&&!
e.src&&(e.src=this.subImageSrc(e.getAttribute("orig")),e.removeAttribute("orig"),e.
style.display="block",this.lazyImageObserver&&this.lazyImageObserver.unobserve(e))}
observeImages(e){if(!this.lazyImageObserver||!
this.lazyImageObserver.observe)return;const t=e.getElementsByTagName("img");for(let
e=0;e<t.length;e++)t[e].className.toLowerCase().search("absimg")>-
1&&this.lazyImageObserver.observe(t[e])}loa
dImages(e){const t=e.getElementsByTagName("img");for(let e=0;e<t.length;e+
+)this.lazyLoad(t[e])}registerCallback(e){this.callbacks_ready?
e.call(this):this.callbacks.push(e)}executeCallbacks(){this.callbacks_ready=!
0,this.callbacks.forEach((e=>{e.call(this)}))}disableRestorePosition()
{this.viewManagers.scroll._disableRestorePosition=!0}_fireZoomed(e)
{this.fireEvent("zoomed",e)}nextFontAggregatorHost(){return
this._currentFontAggregatorHostIdx=(this._currentFontAggregatorHostIdx+1)%this.font
AggregatorHosts.length,this.fontAggregatorHosts[this._currentFontAggregatorHostIdx]
}_fireHideExtras(){this.fireEvent("hideExtras")}_fireShowExtras()
{this.fireEvent("showExtras")}currentPageNum(){return
this._expectedFirstPageNum}setupTestElements()
{this._fontLoader.setupTestElements()}pageCount()
{if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this,"_pageCount"))return
this._pageCount;let e=0;for(const t in
this.pages)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.pages,t)&&e++;return
this._pageCount=e,this._pageCount}truncatedPagesString(){return`$
{this.firstHiddenPageNum}-${this.originalPageCount}`}setupPaidDocument(e,t)
{this.allowedPages=e,this.originalPageCount=t,this._allowedPagesHash=[],this._maxim
umAllowedPage=Math.max.apply(null,this.allowedPages),this._minimumAllowedPage=Math.
min.apply(null,this.allowedPages),this._isPaidDocument=!
0,this._pageMissingElements=[];for(let t=0;t<e.length;t+
+)this._allowedPagesHash[e[t]]=!0,(t>0&&e[t]>e[t-1]+1||0===t&&1!
==e[t])&&this._pageMissingElements.push("page_missing_explanation_"+e[t].toString()
);this._maximumAllowedPage!
==this.originalPageCount&&this._pageMissingElements.push("page_missing_explanation_
"+(this.originalPageCount+1).toString())}minimumPageNumber()
{return"book"===this.viewMode()?0:1}maximumPageNumber(){return this.allowedPages?
this.originalPageCount:this.pageCount()}getClosestPageNumber(e,t){if(!
this.allowedPages)return e;if(this._allowedPagesHash[e])return
e;if(e>=this._maximumAllowedPage)return
this._maximumAllowedPage;if(e<=this._minimumAllowedPage)return
this._minimumAllowedPage;for(let i=1;i<=this.originalPageCount;i++){if(t<=0&&!
0===this._allowedPagesHash[e-i])return e-i;if(t>=0&&e+i<this.originalPageCount&&!
0===this._allowedPagesHash[e+i])return e+i}}setPageMissingModulesVisible(e)
{if(this._isPaidDocument)for(let t=0;t<this._pageMissingElements.length;t++){const
i=document.getElementById(this._pageMissingElements[t]);i&&(this.truncateDocument?
i.remove():i.style.display=e?"block":"none")}}getNextAvailablePage(e){return
this.getClosestPageNumber(e,1)}getPreviousAvailablePage(e){return
this.getClosestPageNumber(e,-1)}flushFontQueue()
{this._fontLoader.flushFontQueue()}visiblePagesChanged(){const e=[];for(const t in
this.pages)if(Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.pages,t)){const
i=this.pages[t];i.isVisible&&e.push(i)}if(!e.length)return;e.sort((function(e,t)
{return e.pageNum<t.pageNum?-
1:1})),this.fireEvent("visiblePagesChanged",e),this.visiblePages=e;const
t=this.firstVisiblePage;this.firstVisiblePage=e.length>0?
e[0]:null,this.lastVisiblePage=e.length>0?e[e.length-1]:null,this.isScrolling||
(this._loadAdjacentFonts(),this._loadAdjacentPages()),(this.firstVisiblePage===t||
this.firstVisiblePage&&t)&&this.firstVisiblePage.pageNum===t.pageNum||!
this.isScrolling&&this.firstVisiblePage&&this._updateExpectedFirstPage(this.firstVi
siblePage.pageNum),this.scheduleLogPageView()}constrain(e,t,i){return
Math.min(i,Math.max(t,e))}boundingRatioForPage(e){const
t=this.viewportManager.viewRect,i=e.boundingRect,s=i.bottom-i.top,n=i.right-
i.left;return{left:(t.left-i.left)/n,right:(t.right-i.right)/
n+1,top:this.constrain((t.top-i.top)/
s+e.pageNum,e.pageNum,e.pageNum+1),bottom:this.constrain((t.bottom-i.bottom)/
s+e.pageNum+1,e.pageNum,e.pageNum+1)}}scheduleLogPageView()
{this.logPageViewTimout&&window.clearTimeout(this.logPageViewTimout),this.logPageVi
ewTimout=window.setTimeout((()=>{this.logPageView(),this.logPageViewTimout=null}),1
e3)}_floor2(e){return Math.floor(100*e)/100}getVisibleBBox(){const
e={};if(this.firstVisiblePage){const
t=this.boundingRatioForPage(this.firstVisiblePage);e.left=t.left,e.right=t.right,e.
top=t.top}if(this.lastVisiblePage){const
t=this.boundingRatioForPage(this.lastVisiblePage);e.bottom=t.bottom}return
e}logPageView(){const e=this.getVisibleBBox();for(const t in
e)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t)&&(e[t]=this._floor2(e[t]));const
t=[[e.left,e.top],[e.right,e.bottom]];return
this.fireEvent("pageView",t),e}_updateExpectedFirstPage(e)
{this._expectedFirstPageNum=e,this.fireEvent("expectedFirstPageChanged",this._expec
tedFirstPageNum)}_loadAdjacentFonts()
{if(this.firstVisiblePage&&this.lastVisiblePage){const
e=this.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-
this.adjacentFontLoadPages,t=this.lastVisiblePage.pageNum+this.adjacentFontLoadPage
s;for(let i=e;i<=t;i++){const
e=this.pages[i];e&&e.loadFonts()}}}_loadAdjacentPages()
{if(this.firstVisiblePage&&this.lastVisiblePage){const
e=this.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-3,t=this.lastVisiblePage.pageNum+3;for(let
i=e;i<=t;i++){const e=this.pages[i];e&&!
e.loadHasStarted&&(e.load(),this.mobile&&e.setWidth(this._pageWidths))}this.mobile&
&this._removeUnusedPages()}}_removeUnusedPages(){const
e=this.firstVisiblePage.pageNum-3,t=this.lastVisiblePage.pageNum+3,i=this.pages;let
s=4;for(;i[s];)(s<e||s>t)&&i[s].remove(),s++}_updatePageBoundingRects(){for(const e
in
this.pages)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.pages,e)&&this.pages[e]._updat
eBoundingRect()}removeInsteadOfBlurring(e){return!!
(this.truncateDocument&&this.firstHiddenPageNum&&e.pageNum>=this.firstHiddenPageNum
)||(!!f.disablePageBlur||"undefined"==typeof Scribd)}addPage(e){if(!
this.firstHiddenPageNum&&e.blur&&(this.firstHiddenPageNum=e.pageNum),!
this.removeInsteadOfBlurring(e)){if(void 0===e.pageNum)throw Error("must have
pageNum param");if(e.docManager=this,e.innerPageElem){const
t=e.innerPageElem.querySelectorAll(".absimg");for(let i=0;i<t.length;i+
+)1===e.pageNum?this.lazyLoad(t[i]):t[i].style.display="block"}const t=new
p(e);return
this.pages[e.pageNum]=t,this._pageWidths&&t.setWidth(this._pageWidths),this.current
FontGroup.isFull()&&(this.currentFontGroup=this.currentFontGroup.newNextGroup()),t.
setLoadFontGroup(this.currentFontGroup),t}e.containerElem.parentNode.removeChild(e.
containerElem)}setIsScrolling(e){e?this._scrollingCount+=1:this._scrollingCount-
=1,this._scrollingCount<0&&(this._scrollingCount=0),0===this._scrollingCount?
this.isScrolling=!1:this.isScrolling=!0}setViewManager(e,t)
{this._currentViewManager?(this._setViewManager(e),"function"==typeof
t&&t()):this.addEvent("viewmodeInitialized",
(()=>{this.setViewManager(e,t)}))}_setViewManager(e,t){t||
this._currentViewManager.unregister();const
i=this._currentViewManager;this._currentViewManager=this.viewManagers[e],this._curr
entViewManager.register(this,this.viewportManager),this.fireEvent("viewmodeChanged"
,this.viewMode(),i?i.name():null)}setInitialViewManager(e)
{if(this._currentViewManager)throw Error("This should be called before any view
manager exists");this._setViewManager(e,!
0),this.fireEvent("viewmodeInitialized",this.viewMode(),null)}setDefaultWidth(e)
{this._currentViewManager._currentPageWidth=e,this._currentViewManager._currentZoom
Multiplier=1,this._currentViewManager._updatePageWidths()}subImageSrc(e){if(!
this._imageDomainSubstitutionList||
0===this._imageDomainSubstitutionList.length)return;const
t=this._imageDomainSubstitutionList[0];return
e.replace(this._imageDomainSubstitutionFrom,t)}allPagesAdded()
{if(this._allPagesAddedCalled)throw Error("can only call allPagesAdded
once");this.viewportManager.enable(),this._updatePageBoundingRects(),this.setInitia
lViewManager(this.defaultViewMode),this.fireEvent("allPagesAdded")}setEmbeddedDoc(e
){this._isEmbed="True"===e}setPageWidths(e){this._pageWidths=e;for(const e in
this.pages)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(this.pages,e)&&this.pages[e].setWid
th(this._pageWidths);this._updatePageBoundingRects()}addFont(e,t,i,s,n,a)
{this._fontLoader.addFont(e,t,i,s,n,a)}initStyles()
{this._fontLoader.initStyles()}gotoPage(e,t){const i=!(e%1==0);let
s=null;if(i&&(s=+(e%1).toFixed(2),e=Math.floor(e)),e<this.minimumPageNumber()||
e>this.maximumPageNumber())return;t||(t={}),i&&void 0===t.frac&&(t.frac=s);const
n=t.direction||0;let a=this.pages[e];void
0===a&&this._isPaidDocument&&(e=this.getClosestPageNumber(e,n),a=this.pages[e]),thi
s.mobile&&this.pages[e]&&this.pages[e].setWidth(this._pageWidths),this._updateExpec
tedFirstPage(e),this._currentViewManager.gotoPage(this._expectedFirstPageNum,t)}got
oPreviousPage(){const
e=this._currentViewManager._pagingStep();this._currentViewManager.isTopPageInView()
?this.gotoPage(this._expectedFirstPageNum-e,{direction:-
1}):this.gotoPage(this._expectedFirstPageNum,{direction:-1})}gotoNextPage(){const
e=this._currentViewManager._pagingStep();this.gotoPage(this._expectedFirstPageNum+e
,{direction:1})}enterFullscreen()
{this._currentViewManager.enterFullscreen()}exitFullscreen()
{this._currentViewManager.exitFullscreen()}isFullscreen(){return
this._currentViewManager.isFullscreen}_fireEnteredFullscreen()
{this.fireEvent("enteredFullscreen")}_fireExitedFullscreen()
{this.fireEvent("exitedFullscreen")}viewMode(){return this._currentViewManager?
this._currentViewManager.name():null}zoom(e)
{this._currentViewManager.zoom(e)}resetZoom()
{this._currentViewManager.resetZoom()}setImageDomainSubstitution(e,t)
{this._imageDomainSubstitutionFrom=e,this._imageDomainSubstitutionList=t}disableVie
wManagerResizeWidth(){o.prototype._setBodyWidth=function(){}}disable()
{this.disabled||(this.disabled=!
0,this.viewportManager.disable())}disableCopyPasteOnPage(e){["dragstart,
selectstart, contextmenu"].forEach((function(t){e.addEventListener(t,(function(e)
{e.preventDefault()}))})),e.setAttribute("unselectable","on"),e.querySelectorAll("*
").forEach((function(e){e.setAttribute("unselectable","on")}))}doDynamicBlurring(e)
{let t;if(!this.removeInsteadOfBlurring())
{t=document.getElementById(e),this.disableCopyPasteOnPage(t);const
i=function(){const e=document.createElement("div");t.appendChild(e);const
i=0===t.querySelectorAll(".text_layer, .image_layer").length;window.render_blur_pro
mo(e,i)};window.__app_loaded?
i():window.__pages_to_blur.push(i),t.querySelectorAll(".text_layer").forEach((funct
ion(e){e.style["text-shadow"]="0px 0px 70px
black",e.style.color="transparent"})),t.querySelectorAll(".text_layer
[style]").forEach((function(e)
{e.style.color="transparent"})),t.querySelectorAll(".image_layer
img").forEach((function(e){e.style.opacity=.04}))}}setJQuery()
{console.info("DocumentManager.setJQuery is deprecated. jQuery is no longer a
dependency.")}}return i(f,"EVENT_NAMES",
["expectedFirstPageChanged","viewmodeChanged","enteredFullscreen","exitedFullscreen
","hideExtras","showExtras","zoomed","pageHide","pageLoaded","allPagesAdded","pageV
iew","visiblePagesChanged","viewmodeInitialized"]),f}();
</script><div class="megamenu"><div class="autogen_class_views_pdfs_show
autogen_class_widgets_base" id="autogen_id_59228074"><div
class="visually_hidden"></div><div id="portal"></div><div id="content"
style="display: none;"><script type="text/javascript">
var defaultViewWidth = defaultViewWidth || 920.0;

var docManager = new DocumentManager(


"scroll",
"web" == "mobile",
{ hasWoffFonts: false }
); // Our global manager for this view page
window.docManager = docManager;
docManager.setEmbeddedDoc('False');
docManager.fontAggregatorHosts = ["https://html.scribdassets.com"];
docManager.assetPrefix = "8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc";
docManager.addFont(1, "", "ff1", "Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", "normal",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(0, "b", "ff0", "Comic Sans MS, Comic Sans MS5, cursive",
"bold", "normal");
docManager.addFont(3, "b", "ff3", "Times New Roman, Times, serif", "bold",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(2, "", "ff2", "Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", "normal",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(5, "", "ff5", "Times New Roman, Times, serif", "normal",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(4, "", "ff4", "Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", "normal",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(7, "", "ff7", "Times New Roman, Times, serif", "normal",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(6, "", "ff6", "Arial, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", "normal",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(9, "b", "ff9", "Times New Roman, Times, serif", "bold",
"normal");
docManager.addFont(8, "b", "ff8", "Comic Sans MS, Comic Sans MS5, cursive",
"bold", "normal");
docManager.displayType = "vector";
docManager.initStyles();
docManager.setPageWidths(defaultViewWidth);
docManager.setImageDomainSubstitution(/http:\/\/html.scribd.com/,
["https://html.scribdassets.com"]);
</script>
</div><div data-hypernova-key="doc_page" data-hypernova-id="117a4aef-2d7a-4333-
b747-399f1ebd7266"><div class="auto__doc_page_shared_base_page
auto__doc_page_page"><div class="modal_wrapper"><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_flash_container modal_open" role="alert"></div><div
class="wrapper__doc_page_shared_modal_container"></div></div><div
class="page_wrapper"><div class="nav_and_banners_fixed"><div
class="wrapper__megamenu_container fixed" data-e2e="megamenu-container"
id="global_header"><div class="wrapper__megamenu_top_bar" data-e2e="megamenu-top-
bar"><div class="GridContainer-module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb
GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd GridColumn-
module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><div class="top_bar_container"><div class="logo_container"
data-e2e="megamenu-top-bar-logo"><span class="breakpoint_hide l atAndAbove"><a
aria-expanded="false" class="hamburger_menu_button flex_col" href="#sidebar" data-
e2e="hamburger-menu-button"><span class="_3top4K" aria-hidden="true"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _26rpsx"><svg width="20" height="12"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M0 0h20v2H0V0zm0 5h20v2H0V5zm20 5H0v2h20v-2z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span><span class="visually_hidden">Open
navigation menu</span></a></span><a class="logo_button" href="/"><img
src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyByb2xlPSJpbWciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAyMjQuNjQgNDku
OTMiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyI+PHRpdGxlPlNjcmliZDwvdGl0bGU+PHB
hdGggZD0ibTE4NS43NCAxOC42NmMwLTIuNjEtMi4wNS00LjI5LTUuNzgtNC4yOWgtNy45NnY5aDcuNzJjMy
41Ni0uMDEgNi4wMi0xLjYyIDYuMDItNC43MXoiIGZpbGw9Im5vbmUiLz48cGF0aCBkPSJtMTQwLjMzIDE5L
jYzYzAtMy4yNC0yLjQ2LTUuMTgtNi42OC01LjE4aC04LjA1djEwLjU1aDhjMy45MyAwIDYuNzMtMiA2Ljcz
LTUuMzd6IiBmaWxsPSJub25lIi8+PHBhdGggZD0ibTE4MC4yNiAyNmgtOC4yNnY5LjIxaDguNzZjNCAwIDY
uNDEtMS43NSA2LjQxLTQuN3MtMi4zNi00LjUxLTYuOTEtNC41MXoiIGZpbGw9Im5vbmUiLz48cGF0aCBkPS
JtMjEwLjc3IDE0LjQ0aC02LjEydjIwLjY2aDYuMTJjNi42IDAgMTAuODEtNC40OCAxMC44MS0xMC4yOXMtN
C4yMS0xMC4zNy0xMC44MS0xMC4zN3oiIGZpbGw9Im5vbmUiLz48cGF0aCBkPSJtNC40NyAyNC42MWE4LjMg
OC4zIDAgMCAwIDYuNjggMyA3LjE1IDcuMTUgMCAwIDAgNS40NS0yLjEgNyA3IDAgMCAwIDItNSA2IDYgMCA
wIDAgLTEuOTMtNC43MSA2LjExIDYuMTEgMCAwIDAgLTQuMTEtMS43MSA5LjI2IDkuMjYgMCAwIDAgLTEuNz
kuMjMgNy41MSA3LjUxIDAgMCAxIC0xLjQzLjI3cS0xLjU5IDAtMS41OS0xLjkyIDAtMy4yMyAzLjIyLTUuN
TVhMTUuMTkgMTUuMTkgMCAwIDEgMS45My0xLjE4IDE2LjA4IDE2LjA4IDAgMCAxIDYuNjUtMS4zMiAyMyAy
MyAwIDAgMSAxMyAzLjc4bC0yLjg0IDQuMDggMy45NCAyLjYgNS4zNC03LjYyLTEuNzItMS4zNWEyNy41NyA
yNy41NyAwIDAgMCAtMTcuNzUtNi4xMWMtMTAuNCAwLTE3LjY3IDYuMzgtMTcuNjcgMTUuNTJ2LjEyLjUzYy
4wMSAzLjU5LjkyIDYuNDMgMi42MiA4LjQ0eiIgZmlsbD0iIzFlN2I4NSIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Im0zMS4zNSAyM
i4yMmE3LjE1IDcuMTUgMCAwIDAgLTUuNDUgMi4xIDcgNyAwIDAgMCAtMiA1IDYgNiAwIDAgMCAxLjk0IDQu
NjggNi4xMSA2LjExIDAgMCAwIDQuMTYgMS43NSA5LjIyIDkuMjIgMCAwIDAgMS43OS0uMjMgNy41IDcuNSA
wIDAgMSAxLjQzLS4yN3ExLjU5IDAgMS41OSAxLjkyYTYgNiAwIDAgMSAtLjE1IDEuMzRjLTEuNzYgNC4zMi
02LjI5IDYuOC0xMi44MyA2LjhhMjUuMzcgMjUuMzcgMCAwIDEgLTE1LjIyLTVsMy41Ni00LjE2LTMuNzYtM
i45LTYuNDEgNy41OSAxLjYzIDEuNDZhMzAuMTMgMzAuMTMgMCAwIDAgMjAuMTUgNy42M2MuODQgMCAxLjY1
IDAgMi40NC0uMTFhMTkgMTkgMCAwIDAgMTEuNjgtNC41NXE0LjY3LTQuMjEgNC42Ny0xMS42MyAwLTUuMzg
tMi41NC04LjRhOC4zIDguMyAwIDAgMCAtNi42OC0zLjAyeiIgZmlsbD0iIzFlN2I4NSIvPjxnIGZpbGw9Ii
MwMDI5M2YiPjxwYXRoIGQ9Im0xNTUuMiAxMS43MmgyLjk1djI2LjFoLTIuOTV6Ii8+PHBhdGggZD0ibTE4N
C41OCAyNC4zM2E2LjMyIDYuMzIgMCAwIDAgNC4xNC02LjA4YzAtNC0zLjM2LTYuNTMtOC41LTYuNTNoLTEx
LjEydjI2LjFoMTEuNmM1LjcxIDAgOS40Ny0yLjY1IDkuNDctNy4xNiAwLTMuNjYtMi41LTUuNC01LjU5LTY
uMzN6bS0xMi41OC05Ljk2aDhjMy43MyAwIDUuNzggMS42OCA1Ljc4IDQuMjkgMCAzLjEtMi40NiA0LjctNi
A0LjdoLTcuNzh2LTl6bTguNzYgMjAuODFoLTguNzZ2LTkuMThoOC4yNGM0LjU1IDAgNi45NCAxLjY0IDYuO
TQgNC41MXMtMi40NSA0LjY3LTYuNCA0LjY3eiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Im0xMDMuNTggMzUuNTVjLTUuNzQgMC0x
MC4xMS00Ljc0LTEwLjExLTEwLjgxczQuMzMtMTAuNzQgMTAuMTEtMTAuNzRhMTEuMzUgMTEuMzUgMCAwIDE
gOC4yIDMuNThsMi0yLjE2YTEzLjU5IDEzLjU5IDAgMCAwIC0xMC4xOC00LjE0Yy03LjY4IDAtMTMuMiA2Lj
A4LTEzLjIgMTMuNTRzNS42IDEzLjQ1IDEzLjExIDEzLjQ1YTEzLjU5IDEzLjU5IDAgMCAwIDEwLjQ5LTQuN
ThsLTItMS45Yy0yLjQ5IDIuMzgtNC44NCAzLjc2LTguNDIgMy43NnoiLz48cGF0aCBkPSJtNzQuMDggMjMu
MzZjLTUuNzUtMS4yMy03LjA4LTIuNjEtNy4wOC01LjExczIuMTUtNC4yNSA1LjU1LTQuMjVhMTEuNDcgMTE
uNDcgMCAwIDEgNy41MyAyLjgzbDEuNzItMi4yN2ExMy42MiAxMy42MiAwIDAgMCAtOS4xNy0zLjIxYy01ID
AtOC41OCAzLTguNTggNy4xNnMyLjc2IDYuMjcgOC43NiA3LjU3YzUuNDggMS4xNiA2Ljc5IDIuNTQgNi43O
SA1IDAgMi42NS0yLjMxIDQuNDgtNS44MiA0LjQ4YTEyLjQzIDEyLjQzIDAgMCAxIC05LTMuNjlsLTEuNzgg
Mi4xM2ExNS4yNyAxNS4yNyAwIDAgMCAxMC42NyA0LjJjNS4xOCAwIDguOTEtMi45MSA4LjkxLTcuNDIgMC0
0LjAzLTIuNjktNi4xNS04LjUtNy40MnoiLz48cGF0aCBkPSJtMTQzLjMxIDE5LjUyYzAtNC43LTMuNjktNy
43OS05LjQ0LTcuNzloLTExLjIydjI2LjFoMi45NXYtMTAuMTVoNy40Nmw3LjU3IDEwLjE0aDMuNjJsLTgtM
TAuNjdjNC4wOC0uNzMgNy4wNi0zLjI3IDcuMDYtNy42M3ptLTE3LjcxIDUuNDh2LTEwLjU2aDguMDZjNC4y
MSAwIDYuNjggMS45NCA2LjY4IDUuMThzLTIuODEgNS4zOC02LjczIDUuMzhoLTh6Ii8+PHBhdGggZD0ibTI
xMC43NyAxMS43MmgtOS4wNnYyNi4xaDkuMDZjOC4yIDAgMTMuODctNS43MSAxMy44Ny0xMy4wOXMtNS42NC
0xMy4wMS0xMy44Ny0xMy4wMXptMCAyMy4zOGgtNi4xMnYtMjAuNjZoNi4xMmM2LjYgMCAxMC44MSA0LjU1I
DEwLjgxIDEwLjM3cy00LjIxIDEwLjI5LTEwLjgxIDEwLjI5eiIvPjwvZz48L3N2Zz4=" alt="Scribd
Logo"/></a></div><div class="wrapper__search_input_container
search_input_container" role="search"><form class="search_form"><div
class="input_wrapper"><button type="button"
class="close_related_search_button"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw
icon"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-
rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.414 7l3.293-3.293-1.414-1.414-5 5L.586
8l.707.707 5 5 1.414-1.414L4.414 9H15V7H4.414z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Close suggestions</span></span></button><label><span
class="visually_hidden">Search</span><input autoCapitalize="off" autoComplete="off"
autoCorrect="off" class="search_input" data-e2e="megamenu-top-bar-search-input"
id="header_search_input" name="query" placeholder="Search" type="search"
value=""/></label><button aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb search_button no_spinner"
data-e2e="megamenu-top-bar-search-button" type="submit"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="24" height="24" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M20.71 20.29l-4.4-4.4A7.874 7.874 0 0018 11c0-4.41-
3.59-8-8-8s-8 3.59-8 8 3.59 8 8 8c1.85 0 3.54-.63 4.9-1.69l4.4 4.4 1.41-1.42zM10
17c-3.31 0-6-2.69-6-6s2.69-6 6-6 6 2.69 6 6-2.69 6-6 6z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Search</span></span></span></button></div></form></
div><span class="breakpoint_hide s below"><div class="action_container" data-
e2e="megamenu-top-bar-actions-container"><span class="breakpoint_hide l below"><div
class="_38_PU6" data-e2e="megamenu-top-bar-language-dropdown"><div
class="DropdownMenu-module_wrapper__-3wi4" data-e2e="megamenu-top-bar-language-
picker-button"><a aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb menu_handle _1kexs8"
href="#"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">en<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _9e1FI1"><svg
width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"
aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M8.24 11.66L4 7.41
5.41 6l2.83 2.83L11.07 6l1.42 1.41-4.25 4.25z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span class="visually_hidden"
lang="en">Change Language</span></span></span></a><div class="MenuItems-
module_wrapper__y6cjo MenuItems-module_bottom__el08f c1XNjz" data-e2e="menu-
items"><span class="breakpoint_hide s atAndAbove"><button aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb MenuItems-
module_closeButton__ZAyQt" data-e2e="close-button" type="button"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw"><svg width="18"
height="18" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M10.414 9l7.293-7.293L16.293.293 9 7.586 1.707.293.293 1.707
7.586 9 .293 16.293l1.414 1.414L9 10.414l7.293 7.293 1.414-1.414L10.414 9z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">close menu</span></span></span></span></button></span><h3
class="_31XHi3"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw lzbASA"><svg width="24"
height="24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M12 0C5.38 0 0 5.38 0
12s5.38 12 12 12 12-5.38 12-12S18.62 0 12 0zm5.78 15.18c.14-1.01.22-2.08.22-
3.18s-.08-2.17-.22-3.18C20.45 9.65 22 10.97 22 12c0 1.03-1.55 2.35-4.22 3.18zM12
22c-1.03 0-2.35-1.55-3.18-4.22 1.01.14 2.08.22 3.18.22s2.17-.08 3.18-.22C14.35
20.45 13.03 22 12 22zm0-6c-1.34 0-2.57-.12-3.68-.32C8.12 14.57 8 13.34 8 12c0-
1.34.12-2.57.32-3.68C9.43 8.12 10.66 8 12 8c1.34 0 2.57.12 3.68.32.2 1.11.32
2.34.32 3.68 0 1.34-.12 2.57-.32 3.68-1.11.2-2.34.32-3.68.32zM2 12c0-1.03 1.55-2.35
4.22-3.18C6.08 9.83 6 10.9 6 12s.08
2.17.22 3.18C3.55 14.35 2 13.03 2 12zM12 2c1.03 0 2.35 1.55 3.18 4.22C14.17 6.08
13.1 6 12 6s-2.17.08-3.18.22C9.65 3.55 10.97 2 12 2zm9.23 6.17c-1.06-.64-2.38-1.16-
3.87-1.53-.37-1.49-.89-2.81-1.53-3.87a9.992 9.992 0 015.4 5.4zM8.17 2.77c-.64 1.05-
1.16 2.37-1.53 3.87-1.5.37-2.82.89-3.87 1.53a9.992 9.992 0 015.4-5.4zm-5.4
13.06c1.06.64 2.38 1.16 3.87 1.53.37 1.49.89 2.81 1.53 3.87a9.992 9.992 0 01-5.4-
5.4zm13.06 5.4c.64-1.06 1.16-2.38 1.53-3.87 1.49-.37 2.81-.89 3.87-1.53a9.992 9.992
0 01-5.4 5.4z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span>Language</h3><div><ul
class="_18AOIm" role="menu"><li class="language_item hXpSvH" role="none"><a
class="_1Joaj- _3jgtRM" href="/language?id=en" role="menuitem"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg qD0ldw"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M14 8A6 6 0 112 8a6 6 0 0112 0zm2 0A8 8 0 110 8a8 8 0 0116 0zm-8 4a4 4 0 100-8 4
4 0 000 8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span
lang="en">English</span><span class="visually_hidden">(selected)</span></a></li><li
class="language_item hXpSvH" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=es"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="es">Español</span></a></li><li
class="language_item hXpSvH" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=pt-
br" role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg
width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"
aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd"
clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000
16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span
lang="pt-br">Português</span></a></li><li class="language_item hXpSvH"
role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=de" role="menuitem"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li><li
class="language_item hXpSvH" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=fr"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="fr">Français</span></a></li><li
class="language_item hXpSvH" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=ru"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li><li
class="language_item hXpSvH" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=it"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li><li
class="language_item hXpSvH" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=ro"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ro">Română</span></a></li><li
class="language_item hXpSvH" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=id"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="id">Bahasa
Indonesia</span></a></li></ul><a href="#" class="_1nXNWj" data-
e2e="learn_more_link">Learn more</a></div></div></div></div></span><span
class="breakpoint_hide l below"><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Upload"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
icon_button" data-e2e="megamenu-top-bar-upload-button" href="/upload-
document"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8.707 2.293L8 1.586l-.707.707-4 4 1.414 1.414L7
5.414V12h2V5.414l2.293 2.293 1.414-1.414-4-4z" fill="currentColor"></path><path
fill="currentColor" d="M1
14h14v2H1z"></path></svg></span><span>Upload</span></span></span></a></span><span
class="breakpoint_hide s below"><button aria-disabled="false" class="PrimaryButton-
module_wrapper__rm4pX PrimaryButton-module_default__Bd6o3 PrimaryButton-
module_s__8jzng _1j7CjE read_free_button" data-e2e="megamenu-top-bar-read-free-
button" type="button"><div class="PrimaryButton-module_content__mhVlt"><div
class=""><span class="visually_hidden">Loading...</span><div aria-hidden="true"
class="wrapper__spinner spinner small" data-testid="spinner"><svg height="30"
viewBox="0 0 30 30" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><clipPath
id="a"><path d="M200.666 382h28v28h-28z"></path></clipPath><path clip-
path="url(#a)" d="M214.666 382c-7.732 0-14 6.269-14 14 0 7.732 6.268 14 14 14s14-
6.268 14-14c0-7.731-6.268-14-14-14m0 23.882c-5.449 0-9.883-4.433-9.883-9.882 0-
5.448 4.434-9.883 9.883-9.883s9.883 4.435 9.883 9.883c0 5.449-4.434 9.882-9.883
9.882" fill="#02b7a1" transform="translate(-199.666 -381)"></path><path clip-
path="url(#a)" d="M214.666 382v4.118c5.449 0 9.883 4.433 9.883 9.882s-4.434 9.882-
9.883 9.882V410c7.732 0 14-6.268 14-14s-6.268-14-14-14" fill="#017f70"
transform="translate(-199.666
-381)"></path></svg></div></div></div></button></span><div class="_3VqfFJ"><div
class="DropdownMenu-module_wrapper__-3wi4" data-e2e="megamenu-top-bar-user-menu-
button"><a aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb menu_handle" href="#"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl"><span class="wrapper__megamenu_user_icon"><span
class="visually_hidden">User Settings</span><div class="_2dj-NH" aria-hidden="true"
data-e2e="persona_icon"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _109FtY"><svg
width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"
aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd"
clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 4a2 2 0 11-4 0 2 2 0 014 0zm2 0a4 4 0 11-8 0 4 4 0 018
0zM5 9a5 5 0 00-5 5v1h2v-1a3 3 0 013-3h6a3 3 0 013 3v1h2v-1a5 5 0 00-5-5H5z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div></span></span></span></a><div
class="MenuItems-module_wrapper__y6cjo MenuItems-module_bottom__el08f _1NdIhW"
data-e2e="menu-items"><span class="breakpoint_hide s atAndAbove"><button aria-
disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb MenuItems-module_closeButton__ZAyQt" data-e2e="close-button"
type="button"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw"><svg width="18" height="18" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.414
9l7.293-7.293L16.293.293 9 7.586 1.707.293.293 1.707 7.586 9 .293 16.293l1.414
1.414L9 10.414l7.293 7.293 1.414-1.414L10.414 9z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">close menu</span></span></span></span></button></span><div
class="wrapper__navigation_hamburger_menu_user_menu" data-e2e="megamenu-user-
menu"><div class="welcome_row"><p class="user_menu_greeting">Welcome to
Scribd!</p></div><ul class="list_of_links"><li><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
text_button upload_button" href="/upload-document"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span
class="breakpoint_hide s below"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw
icon"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-
rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8.707 2.293L8 1.586l-.707.707-4 4 1.414
1.414L7 5.414V12h2V5.414l2.293
2.293 1.414-1.414-4-4z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="M1
14h14v2H1z"></path></svg></span></span><span class="breakpoint_hide
icon_breakpoint_mobile s atAndAbove"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw
icon"><svg width="24" height="24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M2
21h20v2H2v-2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M11.414 7.828v10.586h2V7.828l4 4 1.414-1.414L12.414 4 6
10.414l1.414 1.414 4-4z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span>Upload</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb text_button language_button" href="#"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Language (EN)</span></span></a></li><li
class="divider"></li><li class=""><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb text_button
scribd_perks_button" href="/perks"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Scribd
Perks</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/referrals"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Read for
free</span></span></a></li><li class="divider"></li><li><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
text_button support_button" href="http://support.scribd.com/login"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">FAQ and support</span></span></a></li><li
class="sign_in_button"><button aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb text_button"
type="button"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Sign
in</span></span></button></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div
id="google_one_tap_prompt_container" data-
prompt_parent_id="google_one_tap_prompt_container" data-testid="google-one-tap-
prompt-container"
style="position:absolute;right:-7px;top:72px"></div></div></span></div></div></
div></div></div><span class="breakpoint_hide l below"><div
class="wrapper__primary_navigation"><div class="GridContainer-
module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-module_wrapper__Uub42"><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-
module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi
GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><div
class="primaryNavigationCarousel"><div class="skipLink SkipLink-
module_wrapper__XtWjh visually_hidden"><a data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button SkipLink-module_skipLink__fg3ah skip_link"
href="#">Skip carousel</a></div><div class="Carousel-module_outerWrapper__o1Txx
outerWrapper"><nav class="Carousel-module_paddlesWrapper__GOyhQ
paddlesWrapper"><div data-e2e="paddle-back" class="paddleBack Paddle-
module_pageLeft__xUptH Paddle-module_paddle__SzeOx Paddle-
module_hidden__GfxC3"><button data-e2e="text-button" class="wrapper__text_button
Paddle-module_paddleButton__8LGBk hidden" tabindex="-1" type="button"><span
class="Paddle-module_circularPaddleIcon__1Ckgl circularPaddleIcon"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_right_caret_alt"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Carousel
Previous</span></span></span></button></div><div data-e2e="paddle-forward"
class="paddleForward Paddle-module_pageRight__VgB5e Paddle-module_paddle__SzeOx
Paddle-module_hidden__GfxC3"><button data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button Paddle-module_paddleButton__8LGBk hidden" tabindex="-1"
type="button"><span class="Paddle-module_circularPaddleIcon__1Ckgl
circularPaddleIcon"><span class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true"
class="icon icon-ic_right_caret_alt"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Carousel
Next</span></span></span></button></div></nav><div tabindex="-1" class="Carousel-
module_scrollingWrapper__VvlGe scrollingWrapper"><ul class="nav_items_list" data-
e2e="primary-navigation" role="menubar"><li class="nav_item
what_is_scribd_section"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _1RYvjq
what_is_scribd_button nav_item_button" data-e2e="what-is-scribd-button"
href="/what-is-scribd"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">What is Scribd?</span></span></a></li><li
class="nav_item books" role="none"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_item_button books" data-
e2e="primary-navigation-books-button" href="/books" role="menuitem"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Ebooks<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg
width="8" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"
aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd"
clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3.586L1.707 1.293.293 2.707 4 6.414l3.707-3.707-1.414-
1.414L4 3.586z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></li><li
class="nav_item audiobooks" role="none"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_item_button audiobooks"
data-e2e="primary-navigation-audiobooks-button" href="/audiobooks"
role="menuitem"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Audiobooks<span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="8" height="8" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3.586L1.707
1.293.293 2.707 4 6.414l3.707-3.707-1.414-1.414L4 3.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></li><li class="nav_item
magazines" role="none"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_item_button magazines"
data-e2e="primary-navigation-magazines-button" href="/magazines"
role="menuitem"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Magazines<span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="8" height="8" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3.586L1.707
1.293.293 2.707 4 6.414l3.707-3.707-1.414-1.414L4 3.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></li><li class="nav_item
podcasts" role="none"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_item_button podcasts"
data-e2e="primary-navigation-podcasts-button" href="/podcasts"
role="menuitem"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Podcasts<span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="8" height="8" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3.586L1.707
1.293.293 2.707 4 6.414l3.707-3.707-1.414-1.414L4 3.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></li><li class="nav_item
sheetmusic" role="none"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_item_button sheetmusic"
data-e2e="primary-navigation-sheetmusic-button" href="/sheetmusic"
role="menuitem"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Sheet Music<span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="8" height="8" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3.586L1.707
1.293.293 2.707 4 6.414l3.707-3.707-1.414-1.414L4 3.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></li><li class="nav_item
docs is_current_nav_item" role="none"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_item_button docs" data-
e2e="primary-navigation-docs-button" href="/docs" role="menuitem"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Documents<span
class="visually_hidden">(selected)</span><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw
icon"><svg width="8" height="8" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-
rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4 3.586L1.707 1.293.293 2.707 4 6.414l3.707-
3.707-1.414-1.414L4 3.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></li><li class="nav_item
snapshots" role="none"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_item_button snapshots"
data-e2e="primary-navigation-snapshots-button" href="/snapshots"
role="menuitem"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Snapshots</span></span></a></li></ul></
div></div></div></div></div></div><ul class="category_list"><li
class="category_item books"><div
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_category_container"><div
class="GridContainer-module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p
class="grid_column_header">Explore Ebooks</p></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-module_l_1__WzmV4
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_4__brxcj GridColumn-module_l_4__RAT6- GridColumn-
module_m_4__6iIKY GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd
GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><p
class="grid_column_header">Categories</p></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-module_l_5__8aWIR
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul class="explore-list" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/bestsellers/books"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Bestsellers</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/books/editors_picks"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Editors&#x27; Picks</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/books"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">All
Ebooks</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-module_l_1__WzmV4
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-
module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB
GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Contemporary-Fiction"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Contemporary Fiction</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Literary-Fiction"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Literary Fiction</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Religion-Spirituality"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Religion &amp; Spirituality</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Self-Improvement"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Self-Improvement</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Self-Improvement/Personal-Growth"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Personal Growth</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Home-Garden"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Home &amp; Garden</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Home-Garden/Gardening"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Gardening</span></span></a></li></ul></
li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-
Fiction"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Mystery, Thriller &amp; Crime Fiction</span></span></a><ul
role="menu" class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction/Suspense"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Suspense</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/True-Crime"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">True Crime</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Science-Fiction-Fantasy"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Science Fiction &amp;
Fantasy</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3
GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-
module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Young-Adult"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Young Adult</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Young-Adult/Dystopian"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Dystopian</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Young-Adult/Paranormal-Occult-
Supernatural"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Paranormal, Occult &amp;
Supernatural</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Young-Adult/Romance"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Romance</span></span></a></li></ul></
li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Historical-Fiction"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Historical Fiction</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Science-Mathematics"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Science &amp; Mathematics</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/books/History"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">History</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Study-Aids-Test-Prep"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Study Aids
&amp; Test Prep</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Business"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Business</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/books/Business/Small-Business-Entrepreneurs"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Small Business &amp;
Entrepreneurs</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
all_categories_button" href="/books/categories"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">All
categories<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M11.172 9l-3.293 3.293 1.414 1.414 5-5L15 8l-.707-.707-5-5-1.414
1.414L11.172 7H.586v2h10.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-
module_l_5__8aWIR GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU
GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div></div></div></li><li
class="category_item audiobooks"><div
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_category_container"><div
class="GridContainer-module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p class="grid_column_header">Explore Audiobooks</p></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-
module_l_1__WzmV4 GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_4__brxcj GridColumn-module_l_4__RAT6- GridColumn-
module_m_4__6iIKY GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd
GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><p
class="grid_column_header">Categories</p></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-module_l_5__8aWIR
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul class="explore-list" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/bestsellers/audiobooks"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Bestsellers</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/audiobooks/editors_picks"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Editors&#x27; Picks</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/audiobooks"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">All
audiobooks</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-module_l_1__WzmV4
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-
module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB
GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-
Fiction"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Mystery, Thriller &amp; Crime Fiction</span></span></a><ul
role="menu" class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction/
Mystery"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Mystery</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-
Fiction/Thrillers"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Thrillers</span></span></a></li></ul></
li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Romance"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Romance</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Romance/Contemporary"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Contemporary</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Romance/Suspense"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Suspense</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Young-Adult"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Young Adult</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Young-Adult/Paranormal-Occult-
Supernatural"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Paranormal, Occult &amp;
Supernatural</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Young-Adult/Mysteries-Thrillers"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Mysteries &amp;
Thrillers</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3
GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-
module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-
Fantasy"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Science Fiction &amp; Fantasy</span></span></a><ul
role="menu" class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-Fantasy/Science-
Fiction"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Science Fiction</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-Fantasy/Dystopian"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Dystopian</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Career-Growth"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Career &amp; Growth</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Career-Growth/Careers"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Careers</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Career-Growth/Leadership"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Leadership</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Biography &amp; Memoir</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir/Adventurers-
Explorers"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Adventurers &amp; Explorers</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir/Historical"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Historical</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Religion-
Spirituality"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Religion &amp;
Spirituality</span></span></a><ul role="menu" class="subcategory_list"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Religion-Spirituality/Inspirational"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Inspirational</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Religion-Spirituality/New-
Age-Spirituality"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">New Age &amp;
Spirituality</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
all_categories_button" href="/audiobooks/categories"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">All
categories<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M11.172 9l-3.293 3.293 1.414 1.414 5-5L15 8l-.707-.707-5-5-1.414
1.414L11.172 7H.586v2h10.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-
module_l_5__8aWIR GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU
GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div></div></div></li><li
class="category_item magazines"><div
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_category_container"><div
class="GridContainer-module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p class="grid_column_header">Explore Magazines</p></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-
module_l_1__WzmV4 GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_4__brxcj GridColumn-module_l_4__RAT6- GridColumn-
module_m_4__6iIKY GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd
GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><p
class="grid_column_header">Categories</p></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-module_l_5__8aWIR
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul class="explore-list" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/magazines/editors_picks"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Editors&#x27; Picks</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/magazines"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">All
magazines</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-module_l_1__WzmV4
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-
module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB
GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/News"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">News</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/News/Business-News"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Business
News</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/News/Entertainment-News"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Entertainment News</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/News/Politics"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Politics</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/News/Tech-News"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Tech News</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Finance-Money-
Management"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Finance &amp; Money Management</span></span></a><ul
role="menu" class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Finance-Money-Management/Personal-
Finance"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Personal Finance</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Career-Growth"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Career &amp; Growth</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Career-Growth/Leadership"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Leadership</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Business"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Business</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Business/Strategic-Planning"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Strategic
Planning</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3
GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-
module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Sports-Recreation"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Sports &amp; Recreation</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Pets"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Pets</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Games-Activities"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Games &amp; Activities</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Games-Activities/Video-Games"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Video Games</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Wellness"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Wellness</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Wellness/Exercise-Fitness"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Exercise &amp; Fitness</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Cooking-Food-Wine"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Cooking, Food &amp; Wine</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Art"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Art</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Home-Garden"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Home &amp; Garden</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Home-Garden/Crafts-Hobbies"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Crafts &amp;
Hobbies</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
all_categories_button" href="/magazines/categories"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">All
categories<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M11.172 9l-3.293 3.293 1.414 1.414 5-5L15 8l-.707-.707-5-5-1.414
1.414L11.172 7H.586v2h10.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-
module_l_5__8aWIR GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU
GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div></div></div></li><li
class="category_item podcasts"><div
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_category_container"><div
class="GridContainer-module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p class="grid_column_header">Explore Podcasts</p><ul
class="explore-list" role="menu"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button" href="/podcasts"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">All podcasts</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-
module_l_1__WzmV4 GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-
module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB
GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p class="grid_column_header">Categories</p><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/Religion-Spirituality"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Religion &amp; Spirituality</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/News"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">News</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/News/Entertainment-
News"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Entertainment News</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-
Fiction"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Mystery, Thriller &amp; Crime
Fiction</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/True-Crime"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">True Crime</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/History"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">History</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/Politics"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Politics</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/Social-Science"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Social Science</span></span></a></li></ul><a aria-
disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb all_categories_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/categories"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">All
categories<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw icon"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M11.172 9l-3.293 3.293 1.414 1.414 5-5L15 8l-.707-.707-5-5-1.414
1.414L11.172 7H.586v2h10.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-
module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-
module_l_5__8aWIR GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU
GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div></div></div></li><li
class="category_item sheetmusic"><div
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_category_container"><div
class="GridContainer-module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p class="grid_column_header sheetmusic_header">Genre</p><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Classical"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Classical</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Country"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Country</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Folk"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Folk</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Jazz-Blues"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Jazz &amp; Blues</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Movies-Musicals"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Movies &amp; Musicals</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Pop-Rock"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Pop &amp; Rock</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Religious-Holiday"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Religious &amp; Holiday</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Standards"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Standards</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-
module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p
class="grid_column_header sheetmusic_header">Instrument</p><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Brass"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Brass</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Drums-Percussion"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Drums &amp; Percussion</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Guitar-Bass-and-
Fretted"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Guitar, Bass, and Fretted</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Piano"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Piano</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Strings"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Strings</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Vocal"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Vocal</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Woodwinds"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Woodwinds</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-
module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p
class="grid_column_header sheetmusic_header">Difficulty</p><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Beginner-Level"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Beginner</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Intermediate-Level"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Intermediate</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Advanced-Level"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Advanced</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_6__Z53p6 GridColumn-
module_l_6__MgTYy GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU
GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div></div></div></li><li
class="category_item docs"><div
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_category_container"><div
class="GridContainer-module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><p class="grid_column_header">Explore Documents</p></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-
module_l_1__WzmV4 GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_4__brxcj GridColumn-module_l_4__RAT6- GridColumn-
module_m_4__6iIKY GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd
GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><p
class="grid_column_header">Categories</p></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-module_l_5__8aWIR
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul class="explore-list" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567493/Academic-Papers"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Academic Papers</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567494/Business-
Templates"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Business Templates</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567495/Court-Filings"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Court Filings</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="/docs"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">All
documents</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_1__JReNg GridColumn-module_l_1__WzmV4
GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz GridColumn-
module_xs_1__yycpU GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"><div
class="vertical_divider"></div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-
module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB
GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Sports-Recreation"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Sports &amp; Recreation</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Sports-Recreation/Bodybuilding-Weight-
Training"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Bodybuilding &amp; Weight
Training</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Sports-Recreation/Boxing"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Boxing</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Sports-Recreation/Martial-
Arts"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Martial Arts</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Religion &amp; Spirituality</span></span></a><ul
role="menu" class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Christianity"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Christianity</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Judaism"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Judaism</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality/New-Age-
Spirituality"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">New Age &amp;
Spirituality</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Buddhism"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Buddhism</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Islam"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Islam</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-
module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><ul
class="wrapper__navigation_megamenu_navigation_categories" role="menu"><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Art"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Art</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Art/Music"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Music</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Art/Performing-Arts"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Performing Arts</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
nav_text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Wellness"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Wellness</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Wellness/Body-Mind-Spirit"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Body, Mind, &amp; Spirit</span></span></a></li><li
class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category is_child"><a aria-disabled="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Wellness/Weight-Loss"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Weight
Loss</span></span></a></li></ul></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Self-Improvement"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Self-
Improvement</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Technology-Engineering"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Technology
&amp; Engineering</span></span></a></li><li class="wrapper__navigation_category
nav_category"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Politics"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Politics</span></span></a><ul role="menu"
class="subcategory_list"><li class="wrapper__navigation_category nav_category
is_child"><a aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb nav_text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/docs/Politics/Political-Science"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Political Science</span></span></a></li></ul></li></ul><a
aria-disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb all_categories_button" href="/docs/categories"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">All categories<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw
icon"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-
rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.172 9l-3.293 3.293 1.414 1.414 5-5L15
8l-.707-.707-5-5-1.414 1.414L11.172 7H.586v2h10.586z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></span></span></a></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-
module_l_5__8aWIR GridColumn-module_m_1__YQJCo GridColumn-module_s_1__XLGHz
GridColumn-module_xs_1__yycpU
GridColumn-module_xxs_1__lPpo1"></div></div></div></div></li></ul></div></span></
div><div class="auto__doc_page_shared_flash_container" role="alert"></div><div
class="wrapper__toasts_toast_container" role="alert"></div></div><section
class="body" style="padding-top:0px"><div class="auto__doc_page_body_body"><div
id="reading_progress_container" class="document_column"><nav
class="wrapper__breadcrumbs nav_breadcrumbs" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ol
class="breadcrumbs-list"><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button" href="https://www.scribd.com/docs">Documents</a><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_right_caret_1px"></span></span></li><li class="breadcrumb-item"><a data-
e2e="text-button" class="wrapper__text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/explore/Technology-Engineering">Technology &amp;
Engineering</a><span class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true"
class="icon icon-ic_right_caret_1px"></span></span></li><li class="breadcrumb-
item"><a data-e2e="text-button" class="wrapper__text_button"
href="https://www.scribd.com/explore/Technology-Engineering/Petroleum">Petroleum</
a></li></ol></nav><div class="breakpoint_hide b450 above"><section
class="auto__doc_page_app_page_body_metadata metadata_section narrow" data-
e2e="metadata_section_narrow"><div class="data_row title FEwI7T _2a604l"><h1
class="_2qs3tf" data-e2e="doc_page_title">Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal and
Petroleum</h1><div class="_3Simrm"></div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_publisher data_row publish_info inline"><h2
class="heading">Uploaded by</h2><a
href="https://www.scribd.com/user/479795038/Pushpa-Kumari">Pushpa Kumari</a>
</div><div class="wrapper__app_page_body_metadata_summary_narrow
summary_narrow"><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_ratings" data-
e2e="metadata-upvote-rating-narrow"><span class="font_icon_container"><span aria-
hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_thumbsup_fill"></span></span><span aria-
hidden="true" class="rating_amount">100%</span><span
aria-hidden="true">(4)</span><span class="visually_hidden">100% found this document
useful (4 votes)</span></div><div class="separator" aria-hidden="true"></div><span
class="views" data-e2e="metadata-views-count-narrow">10K views</span><div
class="separator" aria-hidden="true"></div><span class="page_count" data-
e2e="metadata-page-count-narrow">4 pages</span></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_info_accordion exited has_description" data-
e2e="info_accordion_collapsed"><button type="button" class="active_area" data-
e2e="info_accordion_button"><h2 class="button_title">Document Information</h2><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_dropdown_alt down"></span><span class="visually_hidden">click to expand document
information</span></span></button><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_description data_row description inline"><span
class="visually_hidden"><h3>Description:</h3></span><div>Coal and
Petroleum</div></div><div class="expanded_info"><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_copyright data_row
copyright"><h3>Copyright</h3><div>© © All Rights Reserved</div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_formats data_row formats"><h3>Available
Formats</h3><div>DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd</div></div><div
class="sharing_actions"><h2 class="title">Share this document</h2><div
class="wrapper__doc_page_share_row share_row_component"><h3
class="visually_hidden">Share or Embed Document</h3><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_sharing_buttons"><h2 class="visually_hidden"
id="SharingButtons_list">Sharing Options</h2><ul aria-
labelledby="SharingButtons_list" class="list new_icons show_text"><li class="item
facebook"><a aria-label="Share on Facebook" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span
class="icon icon-ic_facebook" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share on Facebook, opens a new window</span><div
class="visual_text" aria-hidden="true">Facebook</div></a></li><li class="item
twitter"><a aria-label="Share on Twitter" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span
class="icon icon-ic_twitter" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share on Twitter, opens a new window</span><div
class="visual_text" aria-hidden="true">Twitter</div></a></li><li class="item
linkedin"><a aria-label="Share on LinkedIn" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span
class="icon icon-ic_linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share on LinkedIn, opens a new window</span><div
class="visual_text" aria-hidden="true">LinkedIn</div></a></li><li class="item
email"><a aria-label="Share with Email" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="mailto:?subject=Read Lesson Plan
Class VIII - Coal and Petroleum on Scribd&amp;body=I’m reading Lesson Plan Class
VIII - Coal and Petroleum on Scribd: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument
%2F436328248%2FLesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-Petroleum"><span class="icon icon-
ic_email" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Share with Email,
opens mail client</span><div class="visual_text"
aria-hidden="true">Email</div></a></li><li class="item copy_link" data-clipboard-
text="https://www.scribd.com/document/436328248/Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-
Petroleum"><a aria-label="Copy Link" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#"><span class="icon icon-
ic_copy_large" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Copy
Text</span><div class="visual_text" aria-hidden="true">Copy
Link</div></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="rate" data-e2e="document-
rating-buttons"><h3>Did you find this document useful?</h3><div
class="buttons"><div class="auto__app_page_body_upvote_button
upvote_button_wrapper" data-e2e="doc-page-upvote-button-mobile_metadata"><button
class="wrapper__outline-button upvote_button" data-e2e="outline-button"
type="button"><span class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true"
class="icon icon-ic_thumbsup_outline"></span></span><span class="count label" aria-
hidden="true">100%</span><span class="visually_hidden">100% found this document
useful, Mark this document as useful</span></button></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_downvote_button downvote_button_wrapper" data-e2e="doc-
page-downvote-button-mobile_metadata"><button class="wrapper__outline-button
downvote_button" data-e2e="outline-button" type="button"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_thumbsdown_outline"></span></span><span class="count label" aria-
hidden="true">0%</span><span class="visually_hidden">0% found this document not
useful, Mark this document as not useful</span></button></div></div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_flag_document data_row flag_document_link
label"><h3>Is this content inappropriate?</h3><a data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button report_this_document" href="#">Report this
Document</a></div></div></div></section><section
class="wrapper__doc_page_mobile_document_actions_toolbar"><div
class="download_btn_container"><button class="wrapper__filled-button
download_btn" data-e2e="mobile-toolbar-download-button" type="button"><span
class="label">Download now</span></button></div><div class="buttons"><div
class="wrapper__shared_components_save_button save_button_container"><button data-
e2e="mobile-toolbar-save-button" class="wrapper__text_button edit_saved_btn
icon_only" type="button"><span class="icon icon-ic_save_for_later_2px" data-
e2e="save-button-icon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden"><span class="label"
aria-hidden="true">Save</span></span><span class="visually_hidden">Save Lesson Plan
Class VIII - Coal and Petroleum For
Later</span></button></div></div></section></div><div class="breakpoint_hide b450
at_or_below"><section class="auto__doc_page_app_page_body_metadata metadata_section
wide" data-e2e="metadata_section_wide"><div class="doc_info_actions is_mobile"><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_summary_wide"><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_ratings" data-e2e="metadata-upvote-rating-
wide"><span class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_thumbsup_fill"></span></span><span aria-hidden="true"
class="rating_amount">100%</span><span aria-hidden="true">(4)</span><span
class="visually_hidden">100% found this document useful (4 votes)</span></div><span
class="separator" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="views" data-e2e="metadata-
views-count-wide">10K views</span><span class="separator"
aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="page_count" data-e2e="metadata-page-count-
wide">4 pages</span></div><div class="data_row title FEwI7T _2a604l"><h1
class="_2qs3tf" data-e2e="doc_page_title">Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal and
Petroleum</h1><div class="_3Simrm"></div></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_publisher data_row publish_info inline"><h2
class="heading">Uploaded by</h2><a
href="https://www.scribd.com/user/479795038/Pushpa-Kumari">Pushpa Kumari</a>
</div><div class="auto__app_page_body_metadata_description data_row description
inline"><span class="visually_hidden"><h2>Description:</h2></span><div>Coal and
Petroleum</div><a class="see_more_btn text_btn" href="#">Full
description</a></div><div class="doc_actions"><div
class="wrapper__shared_components_save_button save_button_container"><button data-
e2e="main-cta-save-button" class="wrapper__text_button edit_saved_btn"
type="button"><span class="icon icon-ic_save_for_later_2px" data-e2e="save-button-
icon-save" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="label"
aria-hidden="true">Save</span><span class="visually_hidden">Save Lesson Plan Class
VIII - Coal and Petroleum For Later</span></button></div><div
class="auto__app_page_body_upvote_button upvote_button_wrapper" data-e2e="doc-page-
upvote-button-metadata"><button data-e2e="text-button" class="wrapper__text_button
upvote_button" type="button"><span class="font_icon_container"><span aria-
hidden="true" class="icon icon-ic_thumbsup_outline"></span></span><span
class="count label" aria-hidden="true">100%</span><span
class="visually_hidden">100% found this document useful, Mark this document as
useful</span></button></div><div class="auto__app_page_body_downvote_button
downvote_button_wrapper" data-e2e="doc-page-downvote-button-metadata"><button data-
e2e="text-button" class="wrapper__text_button downvote_button" type="button"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_thumbsdown_outline"></span></span><span class="count label" aria-
hidden="true">0%</span><span class="visually_hidden">0% found this document not
useful, Mark this document as not useful</span></button></div><button data-
e2e="text-button" class="wrapper__text_button embed_btn" type="button"><span
class="icon icon-ic_embed" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="label">Embed</span></button><div class="wrapper__share_button"><div
class="button_menu_container wrapper__button_menu"><div
class="button_menu_wrapper"><span class="selector_button"><button aria-
expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button sharing_btn menu_handle" type="button"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_share_web"></span></span><span
class="label">Share</span></button></span></div></div></div><button data-e2e="text-
button" class="wrapper__text_button print_btn" type="button"><span class="icon
icon-ic_print" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="label">Print</span></button></div></div></section></div><div
class="auto__doc_page_body_toolbar"><div class="left_tools"><div
class="download_btn_container"><button class="wrapper__filled-button download_btn"
data-e2e="download-button" type="button"><span class="label">Download
now</span></button></div></div><div class="center_tools"><div
class="toolbar_pager"><div class="wrapper__text_input input_row page_number
tel"><label for="jump_page"><span class="label_text visually_hidden">Jump to Page
</span><div class="input_wrapper"><input class="page_number" id="jump_page"
name="page_number" type="tel" value="1"/></div></label></div><span aria-
live="polite" aria-atomic="true"><span class="visually_hidden">You are on page
1</span><span class="page_of">of 4</span></span></div><div class="breakpoint_hide
b950 below"><div class="wrapper__doc_page_webpack_doc_page_shared_tooltips_tooltip
tooltip_component"><button aria-label="Zoom in" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button zoom_in_button" type="button"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_zoom_in_default"></span></span></button></div></div><div class="breakpoint_hide
b950 below"><div class="wrapper__doc_page_webpack_doc_page_shared_tooltips_tooltip
tooltip_component"><button aria-label="Zoom out" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button zoom_out_button" type="button"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_zoom_out_default"></span></span></button></div></div></div><div
class="right_tools"><div
class="wrapper__doc_page_App_Page_Body_DocumentSearch"><div
class="search_wrapper"><div class="wrapper__text_input input_row document_search
text"><label for="document_search"><span class="label_text visually_hidden">Search
inside document </span><div class="input_wrapper"><span class="icon-ic_search
search_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"></span><input
class="document_search" id="document_search" name="document_search"
placeholder="Search document" type="text"
value=""/></div></label></div></div></div><div
class="wrapper__doc_page_webpack_doc_page_shared_tooltips_tooltip
tooltip_component"><button aria-label="Fullscreen" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button fullscreen_button" type="button"><span
class="font_icon_container"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-
ic_fullscreen_window"></span></span></button></div></div></div><main
class="auto__doc_page_body_document document_scroller carousel_scroll_parent"
id="pdf_document_scroll_container"><script>
var container = document.getElementById('pdf_document_scroll_container');
var width = container ? Math.min(1000, container.offsetWidth) : 1000;
window.defaultViewWidth = width;
window.docManager.setPageWidths(width);
</script><div class="document_container" data-e2e="document_container"
style="padding-top:0px;position:relative;z-index:20"><link rel="preload"
href="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-1269b52a60.jpg"
as="image">
<link rel="preload" href="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-
1269b52a60.jpg" as="image">
<link rel="preload" href="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-
1269b52a60.jpg" as="image">
<link rel="preload" href="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-
1269b52a60.jpg" as="image">
<link rel="preload" href="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-
1269b52a60.jpg" as="image">
<link rel="preload" href="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-
1269b52a60.jpg" as="image">
<div id='font_preload_bed' style='position:absolute; height: 1px; left: 0; top:0;
max-width: 100%; visibility: hidden; overflow: hidden'> </div>
<script type='text/javascript'>
docManager.setupTestElements();
</script>
<div role="document" tabindex="0" class="outer_page_container">

<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border "


id="outer_page_1"
style="width:902px; height:1167px; ">
<div class="newpage" id="page1" style="width: 902px; height:1167px">
<div class=text_layer style="z-index:2"><div class=ie_fix>
&nbsp;
<div class="ff6" style="font-size:82px">
<span class=a style="left:1857px;top:125px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:1857px;top:336px;word-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:-
1px">LESSON PLAN </span><span class=a style="left:552px;top:526px;word-
spacing:508px;letter-spacing:-1px">CLASS: <span class=l style="margin-left:-
506px">VIII <span class=l style="margin-left:-506px">B <span class=w
style="width:1518px"></span>DATE: <span class=l style="margin-left:-507px">09-10-19
</span></span></span></span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:717px;word-
spacing:411px;letter-spacing:-1px">SUBJECT: <span class=l style="margin-left:-
409px">CHEMISTRY <span class=w style="width:1227px"></span>TIME: <span class=l
style="margin-left:-409px">40 <span class=l style="margin-left:-409px">MIN
</span></span></span></span><span class=a style="left:1592px;top:1025px;word-
spacing:1px;letter-spacing:-1px">TOPIC: COAL AND PETROLEUM </span><span class=a
style="left:1857px;top:1215px;word-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:-1px">SUB-TOPIC: COAL
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1406px;word-spacing:2px;letter-spacing:-
1px">GENERAL OBJECTIVES: </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:1620px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:1572px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:1599px;color:#222222">To </span><span class=a
style="left:1159px;top:1599px"> promote understanding of basic principles in
Chemistry while retaining the </span><span class=a
style="left:1061px;top:1717px;word-spacing:-1px">excitement in Chemistry.
</span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:1860px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:1813px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1083px;top:1840px;word-spacing:-1px">To develop positive
scientific attitude, and appreciate <span class=w6></span>contribution of Chemistry
</span><span class=a style="left:1061px;top:1956px;word-spacing:-1px">towards the
improvement of quality of human life. </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:2101px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:2053px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:2080px;color:#222222">To </span><span class=a
style="left:1181px;top:2080px;word-spacing:-1px">develop problem solving skills and
nurture curiosity in students. </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:2224px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:2176px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1083px;top:2203px;word-spacing:-1px">To inculcate values
of honesty, integrity, cooperation, concern for life and </span><span class=a
style="left:1039px;top:2320px"> preservation of the environment. </span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:2512px;word-spacing:3px;letter-spacing:-
1px">SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1577px;top:2511px">Students will be able to:
</span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:2729px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:2681px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:2708px;word-spacing:-1px">State the meaning of
natural resources. </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:2852px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:2804px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:2831px;word-spacing:-1px">Differentiate
inexhaustible and exhaustible natural resources. </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:2975px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:2927px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:2954px;word-spacing:-2px">Define fossil fuel.
</span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:3099px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:3051px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:3078px;word-spacing:-1px">Cite examples of
fossil fuel. </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:3222px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:3174px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:3201px;word-spacing:-1px">Describe how coal is
formed. </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:3345px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:3298px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:3325px;word-spacing:-1px">Illustrate the
products of coal. </span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:3516px;word-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:-
1px">PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE: </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1660px;top:3515px">Students already know about natural
resources and some </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:3632px;word-spacing:-
1px">examples of it.</span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:1054px;top:3634px"> </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:3826px;word-spacing:2px;letter-spacing:-1px">TEACHING AIDS:
</span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:928px;top:4040px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:969px;top:3993px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1061px;top:4020px">AV module</span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:1476px;top:4021px"> </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:4213px;letter-spacing:-1px">INTRODUCTION: </span></div>
<div class="ff9" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=g style="top:4407px"><span class=a style="left:530px;word-
spacing:2px;letter-spacing:-1px">TEACHER’S ACTIVITY</span></span>
</div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:1511px;top:4407px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff9" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:2295px;top:4407px;word-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:-
1px">STUDENT’S ACTIVITY</span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:3255px;top:4407px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:4509px">Teacher: Here are a set of examples.
You have </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:4611px;word-spacing:-1px">to
divide them into two groups based on some </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:4712px;word-spacing:-1px">similarities. (Teacher writes the
words on the </span><span class=a style="left:508px;top:4814px"> board).
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:4916px;word-spacing:-1px">Furniture
Mobile Water Air Soil Sun light </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:5017px;word-spacing:-1px">House Clothes Wildlife Books
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:5119px">Teacher: What made you to divide
these </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:4509px;word-spacing:-
1px">Students listen to the instructions attentively. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:4611px;word-spacing:-2px">Students classify them as:
</span><span class=a style="left:2684px;top:4717px">A <span class=w
style="width:756px"></span>B </span><span class=a
style="left:2375px;top:4822px;word-spacing:-1px">Water Air Soil Sun </span><span
class=a style="left:2476px;top:4924px;word-spacing:-3px">light Wildlife
</span><span class=a style="left:3253px;top:4822px;word-spacing:-3px">Furniture
Mobile </span><span class=a style="left:3297px;top:4924px;word-spacing:-1px">House
Clothes </span><span class=a style="left:3443px;top:5025px">Books </span><span
class=a style="left:2295px;top:5131px;word-spacing:-1px">Students recall that group
A is natural and <span class=w6></span>B is </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=image_layer style="z-index: 1">
<div class=ie_fix>
<img class="absimg"
style="left:316px;top:28px;width:709px;height:274px;clip:rect(190px 280px 230px
1px)" src="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-
1269b52a60.jpg"/>
<img class="absimg"
style="left:104px;top:62px;width:709px;height:274px;clip:rect(232px 211px 273px
1px)" src="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-
1269b52a60.jpg"/>
<img class="absimg" style="left:-
289px;top:218px;width:709px;height:274px;clip:rect(193px 524px 214px 500px)"
src="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-1269b52a60.jpg"/>
<img class="absimg" style="left:-
395px;top:326px;width:709px;height:274px;clip:rect(190px 699px 191px 500px)"
src="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-1269b52a60.jpg"/>
<img class="absimg" style="left:-
177px;top:526px;width:709px;height:274px;clip:rect(190px 498px 254px 282px)"
src="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-1269b52a60.jpg"/>
<img class="absimg"
style="left:96px;top:855px;width:709px;height:274px;clip:rect(1px 708px 188px 1px)"
src="https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/1-1269b52a60.jpg"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="b_tl"></div>
<div class="b_tr"></div>
<div class="b_br"></div>
<div class="b_bl"></div>
<div class="b_t"></div>
<div class="b_r"></div>
<div class="b_b"></div>
<div class="b_l"></div>

</div>
<script type='text/javascript'>

docManager.addPage({
pageNum: 1,
fonts: [6, 3, 2, 4, 7, 9],
origWidth: 902,
origHeight: 1167,
containerElem: document.getElementById("outer_page_1"),
blur: false,
innerPageElem: document.getElementById("page1")
});

</script>

<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border "


id="outer_page_2"
style="width:902px; height:1167px; ">
<div class="newpage" id="page2" style="width: 902px; height:1167px">
<div class=text_layer style="z-index:2"><div class=ie_fix>
&nbsp;
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:154px">materials into A and B? </span><span
class=a style="left:530px;top:256px">Teacher: What shall we call group A as?
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:357px;word-spacing:-1px">Why do we call
group A <span class=w7></span>as natural materials? </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:459px;word-spacing:-1px">Teacher:Very good. What shall we
call <span class=w6></span>group </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:561px">B </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:662px">Why do you call them as man-made materials?
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:968px">Teacher: Good. So, from this how
can we </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1069px">define natural resources?
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1171px;word-spacing:-1px">Define natural
resources. Good. So, from this </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:1273px">how can we define natural resources? </span><span
class=a style="left:530px;top:1374px;word-spacing:-1px">Good. Give examples of
natural resources. </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1476px;word-spacing:-
1px">Teacher:Can we use all our natural resources </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:1578px">forever? </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:1679px">What are the basic needs of man? </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:1781px;word-spacing:-1px">So, in order to fulfill our basic
needs, man is </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1883px;word-spacing:-
1px">going on using the natural <span class=w6></span>resources without
</span></div>
<div class="ff5" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:1985px;word-spacing:-1px">conserving it. So, we
can’t use all our natural </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:2086px;word-spacing:-2px">resources forever.
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:2188px">Teacher gives another set of
examples and asks </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:2290px;word-spacing:-
1px">students to divide them into two and <span class=w6></span>give </span><span
class=a style="left:530px;top:2392px;word-spacing:-1px">appropriate topics to them.
(Teacher writes the </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:2493px">words on the
black board.) </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:2595px;word-spacing:-
1px">Sunlight Trees Air Electricity Coal Water </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:2697px;word-spacing:-1px">Petroleum Soil </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:2900px">Teacher: Based on which attribute did you
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:3002px">divide them into two?
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:3205px">So what name can we give to
them? </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:3510px">Good. We can also call
them as inexhaustible </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:3612px">and
exhaustible natural resource. How can we </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:3714px">define inexhaustible natural resource? </span><span
class=a style="left:530px;top:3917px;word-spacing:-1px">Exactly . (teacher
redefines it) The resources </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:4019px;word-
spacing:-1px">which are present in unlimited quantity in </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:4121px">nature and are not likely to be exhausted by
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:4222px;word-spacing:-1px">human
activities are called as inexhaustible </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:4324px">natural resources. Can you give some examples
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:4426px;word-spacing:-1px">of
inexhaustible natural resources? </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:4528px">Teacher:Ok good. So, how can you define </span><span
class=a style="left:530px;top:4629px">exhaustible natural resource? </span><span
class=a style="left:2295px;top:154px">man-made. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:256px;word-spacing:-1px">Students recall natural materials.
</span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:357px;word-spacing:-1px">Students
recall that they are obtained from </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:459px">nature. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:662px;word-spacing:-1px">Students recall manmade materials.
</span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:764px;word-spacing:-1px">Students
reason out that they are not obtain<span class=w6></span>ed </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:866px">from nature and are made by human beings.
</span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:968px;word-spacing:-1px">Students state
that the resources which are </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:1069px;word-spacing:-1px">obtained from nature are called as
natural </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:1171px">resources. </span><span
class=a style="left:2295px;top:1374px;word-spacing:-1px">Students recall air,
water, soil, wild life, forest, </span></div>
<div class="ff5" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:2295px;top:1476px">etc… </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:1578px;word-spacing:-1px">Students don’t
respond.</span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:3132px;top:1578px"> </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:1679px;word-spacing:-1px">Students list out food, shelter
and clothing. </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:2392px;word-spacing:-
1px">Students classify them as: </span><span class=a
style="left:2684px;top:2497px">A <span class=w style="width:756px"></span>B
</span><span class=a style="left:2377px;top:2602px;word-spacing:-2px">Sunlight Air
Water </span><span class=a style="left:2645px;top:2704px">Soil </span><span class=a
style="left:3262px;top:2602px;word-spacing:-3px">Trees Electricity </span><span
class=a style="left:3279px;top:2704px">Coal Petroleum </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:2911px">Students reason out that group A can be
</span></div>
<div class="ff5" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:2295px;top:3012px">renewed again and again but group B
can’t.</span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:3837px;top:3012px"> </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:3216px;word-spacing:-1px">Students state the names as
renewable natural </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:3318px">resource for
group A and non renewable </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:3419px;word-
spacing:-1px">natural resources for group B. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:3521px;word-spacing:-1px">Students state that inexhaustible
natural </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:3623px;word-spacing:-
1px">resources are those which can be renewed </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:3724px;word-spacing:1px">again and again. </span><span
class=a style="left:2295px;top:3928px;word-spacing:-1px">Students cite examples as
sunlight, air, water </span></div>
<div class="ff5" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:2295px;top:4029px">etc…</span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:2487px;top:4029px"> </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:4538px;word-spacing:-1px">Students state that exhaustible
natural </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:4640px;word-spacing:-
1px">resources are those which are present in nature </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:4742px">in limited quantity and can be exhausted by
</span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:4843px;word-spacing:-1px">human
activities. </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:4945px;word-spacing:-
1px">Students cite examples as forest, coal, </span></div>
<div class="ff5" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:2273px;top:5047px"> petroleum, wildlife etc…</span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:3186px;top:5047px"> </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=image_layer style="z-index: 1">
<div class=ie_fix>
<img class="absimg"
style="left:96px;top:25px;width:709px;height:1022px;clip:rect(1px 708px 1021px
1px)" orig="http://html.scribd.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/2-594590062f.jpg"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="b_tl"></div>
<div class="b_tr"></div>
<div class="b_br"></div>
<div class="b_bl"></div>
<div class="b_t"></div>
<div class="b_r"></div>
<div class="b_b"></div>
<div class="b_l"></div>

</div>
<script type='text/javascript'>

docManager.addPage({
pageNum: 2,
fonts: [7, 5],
origWidth: 902,
origHeight: 1167,
containerElem: document.getElementById("outer_page_2"),
blur: false,
innerPageElem: document.getElementById("page2")
});

</script>

<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border "


id="outer_page_3"
style="width:902px; height:1167px; ">
<div class="newpage" id="page3" style="width: 902px; height:1167px">
<div class=text_layer style="z-index:2"><div class=ie_fix>
&nbsp;
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:154px">Very good. Can you give some examples of
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:256px;word-spacing:-1px">exhaustible
natural resources? </span></div>
<div class="ff5" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:357px;word-spacing:-1px">So, in today’s class
we’ll </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:1440px;top:357px;word-spacing:-1px">learn about the
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:459px;word-spacing:-1px">exhaustible
natural resource COAL.</span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:1807px;top:460px"> </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:759px;letter-spacing:-1px">PRESENTATION: </span></div>
<div class="ff9" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=g style="top:953px"><span class=a style="left:530px;word-
spacing:2px;letter-spacing:-1px">TEACHER’S ACTIVITY</span></span>
</div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:1511px;top:953px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff9" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:2295px;top:953px;word-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:-
1px">STUDENT’S ACTIVITY</span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:3255px;top:953px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:1055px">Teacher:Can you tell me how coal is
formed? </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1259px;word-spacing:-
1px">Correct. Not only plants, they are formed from </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:1360px;word-spacing:-1px">the dead remains of living
organisms. What do </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1462px;word-spacing:-
1px">we call for the dead remains of living </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:1564px;word-spacing:-1px">organisms? So, coal is also known
as fossil </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1665px">fuel. </span><span
class=a style="left:530px;top:1767px;word-spacing:-1px">Why coal is called a fossil
fuel? </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:1971px">What is the colour of coal
and how does it look </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:2072px">like?
</span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:2174px;word-spacing:-1px">Can you
suggest some places where <span class=w6></span>coal is </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:2276px">used? </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:2682px;word-spacing:-1px">So, coal is having so man<span
class=w6></span>y usefulness. But </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:2784px">where do we get coal from and how it is </span><span
class=a style="left:530px;top:2886px">formed? </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:2988px;word-spacing:-1px">Teacher explains the process of
coal <span class=w6></span>formation </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:3089px">with the help of an AV module. Coal is then
</span><span class=a style="left:508px;top:3191px"> processed in industry to get
some useful </span><span class=a style="left:508px;top:3293px"> products. Can you
name some products? </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:3395px">Good. So far
we have discussed about natural </span><span class=a
style="left:530px;top:3496px;word-spacing:-1px">resources, its classification and
coal as an </span><span class=a style="left:530px;top:3598px;word-spacing:-
1px">exhaustible natural resource in detail. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:1055px;word-spacing:-1px">Students recall that they are
formed from the </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:1157px;word-spacing:-
1px">dead remains of plants. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:1259px;word-spacing:-2px">Students recall fossil.
</span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:1767px;word-spacing:-1px">Students
recall that coal is formed from the </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:1869px;word-spacing:-1px">dead remains of living organisms.
</span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:1971px;word-spacing:-1px">Student: Coal
is black in colour and <span class=w6></span>it as hard </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:2072px;word-spacing:-1px">as stone. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:2174px;word-spacing:-1px">Students state that coal used in
thermal power </span><span class=a style="left:2273px;top:2276px"> plants to
produce electricity and also as a fuel </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:2377px;word-spacing:-1px">in various industries. Students
identify that </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:2479px">they were used in
railway engines once upon a </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:2581px">time. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:2682px;word-spacing:-1px">Students recall that coal is
formed from the </span><span class=a style="left:2295px;top:2784px;word-spacing:-
1px">dead remains of living organisms. </span><span class=a
style="left:2295px;top:2988px">Student: Coke, coal tar and coal gas are the
</span><span class=a style="left:2273px;top:3089px"> products obtained when coal is
processed. </span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:3707px;letter-spacing:-1px">RECAPITULATION:
</span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:3921px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:704px;top:3873px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:796px;top:3900px;word-spacing:-2px">Define natural
resource. </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:4045px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:704px;top:3997px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:796px;top:4024px;word-spacing:-1px">How are natural
resources classified ? </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:4168px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:704px;top:4120px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:796px;top:4147px;word-spacing:-2px">What is fossil fuel?
Name some <span class=w7></span>fossil fuel. </span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:4291px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:704px;top:4243px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:796px;top:4270px;word-spacing:-1px">What is coal?
</span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:4415px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:704px;top:4367px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:796px;top:4394px;word-spacing:-1px">Where is coal used?
</span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:4538px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:704px;top:4490px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:796px;top:4517px;word-spacing:-1px">How coal is formed?
</span></div>
<div class="ff2" style="font-size:32px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:4661px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:704px;top:4614px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:796px;top:4641px">What are the products of coal?
</span></div>
<div class="ff3" style="font-size:62px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:4834px;word-spacing:3px;letter-spacing:-
1px">HOME ASSIGNMENTS: </span></div>
<div class="ff1" style="font-size:64px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:5019px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:609px;top:4995px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:5022px;word-spacing:-1px">Identify the
important coal mines in India. </span></div>
<div class="ff1" style="font-size:64px">
<span class=a style="left:530px;top:5136px"></span></div>
<div class="ff4" style="font-size:89px">
<span class=a style="left:609px;top:5112px"> </span></div>
<div class="ff7" style="font-size:81px">
<span class=a style="left:663px;top:5139px;word-spacing:-1px">Write a note on the
adverse <span class=w6></span>effect of coal mining and oil <span
class=w6></span>drilling. </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=image_layer style="z-index: 1">
<div class=ie_fix>
<img class="absimg" style="left:96px;top:-
568px;width:709px;height:682px;clip:rect(594px 708px 677px 1px)"
orig="http://html.scribd.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/3-b008cbc946.jpg"/>
<img class="absimg"
style="left:96px;top:164px;width:709px;height:682px;clip:rect(1px 708px 592px 1px)"
orig="http://html.scribd.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/3-b008cbc946.jpg"/>
<img class="absimg"
style="left:104px;top:301px;width:709px;height:682px;clip:rect(679px 190px 681px
1px)" orig="http://html.scribd.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/images/3-b008cbc946.jpg"/>
</div>
</div>
</div>

<div class="b_tl"></div>
<div class="b_tr"></div>
<div class="b_br"></div>
<div class="b_bl"></div>
<div class="b_t"></div>
<div class="b_r"></div>
<div class="b_b"></div>
<div class="b_l"></div>

</div>
<script type='text/javascript'>

docManager.addPage({
pageNum: 3,
fonts: [7, 5, 3, 8, 9, 2, 4, 1],
origWidth: 902,
origHeight: 1167,
containerElem: document.getElementById("outer_page_3"),
blur: false,
innerPageElem: document.getElementById("page3")
});

</script>

<div class="outer_page only_ie6_border "


id="outer_page_4"
style="width:902px; height:1167px; ">

<div class="b_tl"></div>
<div class="b_tr"></div>
<div class="b_br"></div>
<div class="b_bl"></div>
<div class="b_t"></div>
<div class="b_r"></div>
<div class="b_b"></div>
<div class="b_l"></div>

</div>

<!--[if IE]>
<script type='text/javascript'>
window.docManagerIEAdded = true;
if (document.observe) {
document.observe('dom:loaded', function () {
docManager.allPagesAdded();
});
} else {
window.attachEvent('onload', function () {
docManager.allPagesAdded();
});
}
</script>
<![endif]-->

<script type='text/javascript'>

docManager.addPage({
pageNum: 4,
fonts: [3, 7, 0, 8],
origWidth: 902,
origHeight: 1167,
containerElem: document.getElementById("outer_page_4"),
blur: false,
contentUrl: "https://html.scribdassets.com/8vhl8c8ykg7eykxc/pages/4-
688fe3e578.jsonp"
});

if (window.docManagerIEAdded != true) {
docManager.allPagesAdded();
}
</script>

</div>

</div><div class="after_doc_wrapper" style="max-width:1000px"><div


class="share_document_wrapper"><h2 class="share_document_title">Share this
document</h2><div class="wrapper__doc_page_share_row share_row_component"><h3
class="visually_hidden">Share or Embed Document</h3><div
class="auto__doc_page_shared_sharing_buttons"><h2 class="visually_hidden"
id="SharingButtons_list">Sharing Options</h2><ul aria-
labelledby="SharingButtons_list" class="list large"><li class="item facebook"><a
aria-label="Share on Facebook" data-e2e="text-button" class="wrapper__text_button
share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon-ic_facebook" aria-
hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Share on Facebook, opens a new
window</span></a></li><li class="item twitter"><a aria-label="Share on Twitter"
data-e2e="text-button" class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#"
rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon-ic_twitter" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share on Twitter, opens a new window</span></a></li><li
class="item linkedin"><a aria-label="Share on LinkedIn" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#" rel="nofollow"><span
class="icon icon-ic_linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></span><span
class="visually_hidden">Share on LinkedIn, opens a new window</span></a></li><li
class="item email"><a aria-label="Share with Email" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="mailto:?subject=Read Lesson Plan
Class VIII - Coal and Petroleum on Scribd&amp;body=I’m reading Lesson Plan Class
VIII - Coal and Petroleum on Scribd: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdocument
%2F436328248%2FLesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-Petroleum"><span class="icon icon-
ic_email" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Share with Email,
opens mail client</span></a></li><li class="item copy_link" data-clipboard-
text="https://www.scribd.com/document/436328248/Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-
Petroleum"><a aria-label="Copy Link" data-e2e="text-button"
class="wrapper__text_button share_item_btn" href="#"><span class="icon icon-
ic_document" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="visually_hidden">Copy
Text</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="after_doc_wrapper"
style="max-width:1000px"></div><footer class="_2DwxLE" id="global_footer"><h2
class="visually_hidden">Footer menu</h2><div class="GridContainer-
module_wrapper__7Rx6L"><div class="GridRow-module_wrapper__Uub42"><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-
module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi
GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><div class="VKZOcn
visually_hidden"><a data-e2e="back-to-top-link" href="#global_header"
class="_1AoUI5">Back to top</a></div></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_hide_below_s__Lbw11 GridColumn-module_hide_below_xs__lGMfM GridColumn-
module_hide_below_xxs__PtxIg GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-
module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><div
class="v7Kdl9"><h3 class="_20xN8E">About</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="About Scribd" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_about_column_about_scribd_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/about"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">About
Scribd</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Press"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_press_link" href="https://www.scribd.com/media"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Press</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false"
aria-label="Our blog" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_our_blog_link"
href="https://blog.scribd.com/"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Our
blog</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Join our team!"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_join_our_team_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/careers"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Join our
team!</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Contact us"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_contact_us_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/contact"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Contact
us</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Invite friends"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_invite_friends_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/referrals"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Invite
friends</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Gifts"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_gifts_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/giftcards"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Gifts</span></span></a></
li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd for enterprise"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_scribd_for_enterprise_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/enterprise"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Scribd for
enterprise</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_hide_below_s__Lbw11 GridColumn-
module_hide_below_xs__lGMfM GridColumn-module_hide_below_xxs__PtxIg GridColumn-
module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Support</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Help / FAQ" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_support_column_help_faq_link" href="https://www.scribd.com/faq"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Help / FAQ</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="Accessibility" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_support_column_accessibility_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/accessibility-policy"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Accessibility</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="Purchase help" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_support_column_purchase_help_link"
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246306"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Purchase
help</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="AdChoices"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_support_column_adchoices_link"
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129366"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">AdChoices</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Publishers" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_support_column_publishers_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/publishers"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Publishers</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_hide_below_s__Lbw11
GridColumn-module_hide_below_xs__lGMfM GridColumn-module_hide_below_xxs__PtxIg
GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-
module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB
GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Legal</h3><ul
class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Terms" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_legal_column_terms_link"
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129326-General-Terms-of-Use"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Terms</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false"
aria-label="Privacy" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_privacy_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/privacy"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Privacy</span></span></a></
li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Copyright" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_legal_column_copyright_link"
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246086"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Copyright</span></span></a></li></ul></
div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_hide_below_s__Lbw11 GridColumn-module_hide_below_xs__lGMfM
GridColumn-module_hide_below_xxs__PtxIg GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-
module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><h3
class="_20xN8E">Social</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-
label="Scribd on Instagram" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_instagram_link"
href="https://www.instagram.com/scribd/"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M8 3.081c1.602 0 1.792.006 2.425.035.584.027.902.124
1.114.207.26.096.497.249.69.448.2.194.353.43.45.691.082.212.18.53.206
1.114.029.633.035.823.035 2.425 0 1.602-.006 1.792-.035
2.425-.027.585-.124.902-.207 1.114a1.99 1.99 0 01-1.138 1.138c-.212.082-.53.18-
1.114.207-.633.029-.823.035-2.425.035-1.602 0-1.792-.006-
2.425-.035-.585-.027-.902-.124-1.114-.207a1.858 1.858 0
01-.69-.449c-.2-.193-.353-.43-.45-.69-.082-.212-.18-.53-.206-
1.114-.029-.633-.035-.823-.035-2.425 0-1.602.006-1.792.035-
2.425.027-.585.124-.902.207-
1.114.096-.26.25-.497.449-.69.193-.2.43-.353.69-.45.212-.082.53-.18
1.114-.206.633-.029.823-.035 2.425-.035L8 3.081zm0-1.082c-1.629 0-1.833.007-
2.473.036-.64.03-1.076.132-1.457.28-.4.15-.763.387-1.063.692-.305.3-.541.663-.692
1.063-.148.381-.25.818-.279 1.457C2.007 6.165 2 6.37 2 8s.007 1.834.036
2.474c.03.64.13 1.075.279 1.456.15.4.387.763.692 1.063.3.305.663.541
1.063.692.381.148.818.25 1.457.279.638.029.844.036 2.473.036 1.63 0 1.834-.007
2.474-.036.64-.03 1.075-.13 1.456-.28a3.068 3.068 0 001.755-
1.754c.148-.381.25-.818.279-1.457C13.993 9.835 14 9.63 14 8c0-1.63-.007-1.833-.036-
2.473-.03-.64-.13-1.075-.28-1.456-.15-.4-.386-.763-.691-1.063a2.946 2.946 0 00-
1.063-.692c-.381-.148-.818-.25-1.457-.279C9.835 2.007 9.63 2 8 2v-.001zm0
2.92a3.081 3.081 0 100 6.162A3.081 3.081 0 008 4.92zm0 5.082A2 2 0 118 6 2 2 0 018
10zm3.923-5.204a.72.72 0 11-1.44 0 .72.72 0 011.44 0z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Instagram</span></span> <!-- -->Instagram</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Twitter" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _1p7WcZ" data-
e2e="footer_social_column_twitter_link"
href="https://www.twitter.com/scribd/"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M5.774 12.79c4.528 0 7.005-4.152 7.005-7.752 0-.118
0-.235-.007-.352A5.338 5.338 0 0014 3.276a4.55 4.55 0 01-
1.414.428c.514-.34.899-.876 1.082-1.507a4.657 4.657 0 01-1.563.662 2.401 2.401 0
00-1.397-.823 2.26 2.26 0 00-1.561.287A2.636 2.636 0 008.065 3.6a2.995 2.995 0
00-.156 1.742 6.47 6.47 0 01-2.81-.826 7.175 7.175 0 01-2.264-2.02 2.98 2.98 0
00-.27 1.985c.142.676.511 1.266 1.032 1.652a2.267 2.267 0 01-
1.117-.341v.034c0 .63.197 1.239.557 1.725.36.487.861.821
1.418.946-.362.109-.743.125-1.111.046.157.542.463 1.015.876 1.354.412.34.91.528
1.424.538-.872.758-1.95 1.17-3.058 1.169-.196 0-.391-.014-.586-.04a6.49 6.49 0
003.774 1.222" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0
0 0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Twitter</span></span> <!-- -->Twitter</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Facebook" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _1p7WcZ" data-
e2e="footer_social_column_facebook_link"
href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Scribd/6978454082"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M8 2a6 6 0 01.938 11.927V9.734h1.397L10.602
8H8.937V6.875c0-.474.233-.938.978-.938h.757V4.462s-.08-.014-.21-.032a9.524 9.524 0
00-.887-.08 6.278 6.278 0 00-.246-.005c-1.37 0-2.267.83-2.267
2.334V8H5.54v1.734h1.524v4.193A6.002 6.002 0 018 2z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Facebook</span></span> <!-- -->Facebook</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Pinterest" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _1p7WcZ" data-
e2e="footer_social_column_pinterest_link"
href="https://www.pinterest.com/scribd/"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M12.217 12.268A5.98 5.98 0 018 14c-.62 0-1.218-.094-1.78-.269.246-.4.606-
1.045.738-1.563l.375-1.427c.193.375.766.691 1.373.691 1.808 0 3.111-1.664 3.111-
3.733 0-1.985-1.62-3.467-3.698-3.467-2.593 0-3.966 1.738-3.966 3.63 0 .884.47 1.975
1.22 2.326.113.054.178.03.202-.08l.058-.233.11-.448a.179.179 0
00-.04-.173c-.246-.3-.444-.854-.444-1.368 0-1.323 1.003-2.602 2.711-2.602 1.477 0
2.509 1.002 2.509 2.44 0 1.62-.82 2.745-1.886 2.745-.588 0-1.033-.489-.89-
1.086.062-.255.143-.517.222-.772.142-.46.277-.898.277-1.228
0-.46-.246-.845-.76-.845-.602 0-1.086.622-1.086 1.457 0 .528.177.889.177.889s-.592
2.514-.7 2.983c-.12.518-.075 1.247-.02 1.722A6.003 6.003 0 012 8a6 6 0 016.653-
5.965A5.988 5.988 0 0113.99 8.01a5.981 5.981 0 01-1.773 4.258z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Pinterest</span></span> <!--
-->Pinterest</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-
module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_hide_below_m__-PoVO GridColumn-
module_hide_below_s__Lbw11 GridColumn-module_hide_below_xs__lGMfM GridColumn-
module_hide_below_xxs__PtxIg GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-
module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"></div><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_hide_below_m__-PoVO
GridColumn-module_hide_below_s__Lbw11 GridColumn-module_hide_below_xs__lGMfM
GridColumn-module_hide_below_xxs__PtxIg GridColumn-module_xl_2__ry9yU GridColumn-
module_l_2__Pw-g3 GridColumn-module_m_2__c8w6C GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI
GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><h3
class="_20xN8E">Get our free apps</h3><ul class="mobile_icons
wrapper__app_store_buttons"><li class="wrapper__store_button" data-
e2e="app_store_btn"><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-millions-books-
audiobooks/id542557212?mt=8&amp;pt=298534" class="app_link ios_btn" data-
e2e="ios_btn"><div class="app_store_img"><img class="LazyImage-module_image__uh0sq"
alt="Scribd - Download on the App Store"/></div></a></li><li
class="wrapper__store_button" data-e2e="app_store_btn"><a
href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?
id=com.scribd.app.reader0&amp;hl=en" class="app_link google_play_btn" data-
e2e="google_play_btn"><div class="app_store_img play_store_link"><img
class="LazyImage-module_image__uh0sq" alt="Scribd - Get it on Google
Play"/></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_hide_above_xl__erar5 GridColumn-module_hide_above_l__UT1-z GridColumn-
module_hide_above_m__zwIrv GridColumn-module_hide_above_s__NbVNC GridColumn-
module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><div class="_1qWxWb"><h3 class="_20xN8E">About</h3><ul
class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="About Scribd"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_about_scribd_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/about"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">About
Scribd</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Press"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_press_link" href="https://www.scribd.com/media"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Press</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false"
aria-label="Our blog" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_our_blog_link"
href="https://blog.scribd.com/"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Our
blog</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Join our team!"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_join_our_team_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/careers"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Join
our team!</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Contact
us" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
_2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_about_column_contact_us_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/contact"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Contact
us</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Invite friends"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_invite_friends_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/referrals"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Invite
friends</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Gifts"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_gifts_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/giftcards"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Gifts</span></span></a></
li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd for enterprise"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_about_column_scribd_for_enterprise_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/enterprise"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Scribd for
enterprise</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div class="_1qWxWb"><h3
class="_20xN8E">Legal</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-
label="Terms" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_terms_link"
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129326-General-Terms-of-Use"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Terms</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false"
aria-label="Privacy" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-e2e="footer_legal_column_privacy_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/privacy"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Privacy</span></span></a></
li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Copyright" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_legal_column_copyright_link"
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246086"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Copyright</span></span></a></li></ul></
div></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_hide_above_xl__erar5 GridColumn-module_hide_above_l__UT1-z GridColumn-
module_hide_above_m__zwIrv GridColumn-module_hide_above_s__NbVNC GridColumn-
module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb
GridColumn-module_s_2__1-ptI GridColumn-module_xs_2__lfNOB GridColumn-
module_xxs_2__L2HPM"><div class="_1qWxWb"><h3 class="_20xN8E">Support</h3><ul
class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Help / FAQ"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_support_column_help_faq_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/faq"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Help /
FAQ</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Accessibility"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_support_column_accessibility_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/accessibility-policy"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Accessibility</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="Purchase help" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_support_column_purchase_help_link"
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246306"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Purchase
help</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="AdChoices"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa"
data-e2e="footer_support_column_adchoices_link"
href="https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129366"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">AdChoices</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Publishers" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _2MVxDa" data-
e2e="footer_support_column_publishers_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/publishers"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Publishers</span></span></a></li></ul></div><div><h3
class="_20xN8E">Social</h3><ul class="_20k9iQ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-
label="Scribd on Instagram" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb _1p7WcZ" data-e2e="footer_social_column_instagram_link"
href="https://www.instagram.com/scribd/"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M8 3.081c1.602 0 1.792.006 2.425.035.584.027.902.124
1.114.207.26.096.497.249.69.448.2.194.353.43.45.691.082.212.18.53.206
1.114.029.633.035.823.035 2.425 0 1.602-.006 1.792-.035
2.425-.027.585-.124.902-.207 1.114a1.99 1.99 0 01-1.138 1.138c-.212.082-.53.18-
1.114.207-.633.029-.823.035-2.425.035-1.602 0-1.792-.006-
2.425-.035-.585-.027-.902-.124-1.114-.207a1.858 1.858 0
01-.69-.449c-.2-.193-.353-.43-.45-.69-.082-.212-.18-.53-.206-
1.114-.029-.633-.035-.823-.035-2.425 0-1.602.006-1.792.035-
2.425.027-.585.124-.902.207-
1.114.096-.26.25-.497.449-.69.193-.2.43-.353.69-.45.212-.082.53-.18
1.114-.206.633-.029.823-.035 2.425-.035L8 3.081zm0-1.082c-1.629 0-1.833.007-
2.473.036-.64.03-1.076.132-1.457.28-.4.15-.763.387-1.063.692-.305.3-.541.663-.692
1.063-.148.381-.25.818-.279 1.457C2.007 6.165 2 6.37 2 8s.007 1.834.036
2.474c.03.64.13 1.075.279 1.456.15.4.387.763.692 1.063.3.305.663.541
1.063.692.381.148.818.25 1.457.279.638.029.844.036 2.473.036 1.63 0 1.834-.007
2.474-.036.64-.03 1.075-.13 1.456-.28a3.068 3.068 0 001.755-
1.754c.148-.381.25-.818.279-1.457C13.993 9.835 14 9.63 14 8c0-1.63-.007-1.833-.036-
2.473-.03-.64-.13-1.075-.28-1.456-.15-.4-.386-.763-.691-1.063a2.946 2.946 0 00-
1.063-.692c-.381-.148-.818-.25-1.457-.279C9.835 2.007 9.63 2 8 2v-.001zm0
2.92a3.081 3.081 0 100 6.162A3.081 3.081 0 008 4.92zm0 5.082A2 2 0 118 6 2 2 0 018
10zm3.923-5.204a.72.72 0 11-1.44 0 .72.72 0 011.44 0z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Instagram</span></span> <!-- -->Instagram</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Twitter" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _1p7WcZ" data-
e2e="footer_social_column_twitter_link"
href="https://www.twitter.com/scribd/"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M5.774 12.79c4.528 0 7.005-4.152 7.005-7.752 0-.118
0-.235-.007-.352A5.338 5.338 0 0014 3.276a4.55 4.55 0 01-
1.414.428c.514-.34.899-.876 1.082-1.507a4.657 4.657 0 01-1.563.662 2.401 2.401 0
00-1.397-.823 2.26 2.26 0 00-1.561.287A2.636 2.636 0 008.065 3.6a2.995 2.995 0
00-.156 1.742 6.47 6.47 0 01-2.81-.826 7.175 7.175 0 01-2.264-2.02 2.98 2.98 0
00-.27 1.985c.142.676.511 1.266 1.032 1.652a2.267 2.267 0 01-
1.117-.341v.034c0 .63.197 1.239.557 1.725.36.487.861.821
1.418.946-.362.109-.743.125-1.111.046.157.542.463 1.015.876 1.354.412.34.91.528
1.424.538-.872.758-1.95 1.17-3.058 1.169-.196 0-.391-.014-.586-.04a6.49 6.49 0
003.774 1.222" fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0
0 0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Twitter</span></span> <!-- -->Twitter</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Facebook" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _1p7WcZ" data-
e2e="footer_social_column_facebook_link"
href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Scribd/6978454082"><span class="TextButton-
module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _VbDNs"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M8 2a6 6 0 01.938 11.927V9.734h1.397L10.602
8H8.937V6.875c0-.474.233-.938.978-.938h.757V4.462s-.08-.014-.21-.032a9.524 9.524 0
00-.887-.08 6.278 6.278 0 00-.246-.005c-1.37 0-2.267.83-2.267
2.334V8H5.54v1.734h1.524v4.193A6.002 6.002 0 018 2z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Facebook</span></span> <!-- -->Facebook</span></span></a></li><li><a
aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Scribd on Pinterest" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _1p7WcZ" data-
e2e="footer_social_column_pinterest_link"
href="https://www.pinterest.com/scribd/"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _VbDNs"><svg
width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"
aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd"
clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.217 12.268A5.98 5.98 0 018 14c-.62 0-1.218-.094-
1.78-.269.246-.4.606-1.045.738-1.563l.375-1.427c.193.375.766.691 1.373.691 1.808 0
3.111-1.664 3.111-3.733 0-1.985-1.62-3.467-3.698-3.467-2.593 0-3.966 1.738-3.966
3.63 0 .884.47 1.975 1.22 2.326.113.054.178.03.202-.08l.058-.233.11-.448a.179.179 0
00-.04-.173c-.246-.3-.444-.854-.444-1.368 0-1.323 1.003-2.602 2.711-2.602 1.477 0
2.509 1.002 2.509 2.44 0 1.62-.82 2.745-1.886 2.745-.588 0-1.033-.489-.89-
1.086.062-.255.143-.517.222-.772.142-.46.277-.898.277-1.228
0-.46-.246-.845-.76-.845-.602 0-1.086.622-1.086 1.457 0 .528.177.889.177.889s-.592
2.514-.7 2.983c-.12.518-.075 1.247-.02 1.722A6.003 6.003 0 012 8a6 6 0 016.653-
5.965A5.988 5.988 0 0113.99 8.01a5.981 5.981 0 01-1.773 4.258z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">Pinterest</span></span> <!--
-->Pinterest</span></span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_hide_above_xl__erar5 GridColumn-module_hide_above_l__UT1-z GridColumn-
module_hide_above_m__zwIrv GridColumn-module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-
module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi
GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><h3
class="_20xN8E">Get our free apps</h3><ul class="mobile_icons
wrapper__app_store_buttons"><li class="wrapper__store_button" data-
e2e="app_store_btn"><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-millions-books-
audiobooks/id542557212?mt=8&amp;pt=298534" class="app_link ios_btn" data-
e2e="ios_btn"><div class="app_store_img"><img class="LazyImage-module_image__uh0sq"
alt="Scribd - Download on the App Store"/></div></a></li><li
class="wrapper__store_button" data-e2e="app_store_btn"><a
href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?
id=com.scribd.app.reader0&amp;hl=en" class="app_link google_play_btn" data-
e2e="google_play_btn"><div class="app_store_img play_store_link"><img
class="LazyImage-module_image__uh0sq" alt="Scribd - Get it on Google
Play"/></div></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb
GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd GridColumn-
module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><div class="_20ZvBH"></div></div></div><div class="GridRow-
module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_xl_7__oZhoo GridColumn-module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb
GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd GridColumn-
module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><ul class="_3mZXvJ"><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-
label="Books" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb _33selL" data-e2e="footer_content_type_column_books_link"
href="/books"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Books</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="Audiobooks" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _33selL" data-
e2e="footer_content_type_column_audiobooks_link" href="/audiobooks"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Audiobooks</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="Magazines" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _33selL" data-
e2e="footer_content_type_column_magazines_link" href="/magazines"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Magazines</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="Podcasts" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _33selL" data-
e2e="footer_content_type_column_podcasts_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/podcasts"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Podcasts</span></span></a></
li><li><a aria-disabled="false" aria-label="Sheet Music" class="TextButton-
module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb _33selL" data-
e2e="footer_content_type_column_sheet_music_link" href="/sheetmusic"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Sheet Music</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="Documents" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _33selL" data-
e2e="footer_content_type_column_documents_link" href="/docs"><span
class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span class="TextButton-
module_children__HwxUl">Documents</span></span></a></li><li><a aria-
disabled="false" aria-label="Snapshots" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w
TextButton-module_default__ekglb _33selL" data-
e2e="footer_content_type_column_snapshots_link"
href="https://www.scribd.com/snapshots"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-
Ra"><span class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl">Snapshots</span></span></a></
li></ul></div><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-
module_hide_below_l__7M0-X GridColumn-module_hide_below_m__-PoVO GridColumn-
module_hide_below_s__Lbw11 GridColumn-module_hide_below_xs__lGMfM GridColumn-
module_hide_below_xxs__PtxIg GridColumn-module_xl_5__tH7mr GridColumn-
module_l_5__8aWIR GridColumn-module_m_5__gTusg GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi
GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><div
class="_1Af5fH"><div class="_3vLpks"><div class="_2w4vWX">Language<!--
-->:</div><div class="DropdownMenu-module_wrapper__-3wi4" data-
e2e="footer_language_picker_link"><a aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
menu_handle _2iunPG" href="#"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><div class="_2CzVQj">English<!-- -->
<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M8.24 11.66L4 7.41 5.41 6l2.83 2.83L11.07 6l1.42 1.41-
4.25 4.25z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div></span></span></a><div
class="MenuItems-module_wrapper__y6cjo MenuItems-module_top__2bxjj _3jtDm9" data-
e2e="menu-items"><span class="breakpoint_hide s atAndAbove"><button aria-
disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb MenuItems-module_closeButton__ZAyQt" data-e2e="close-button"
type="button"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw"><svg width="18" height="18" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.414
9l7.293-7.293L16.293.293 9 7.586 1.707.293.293 1.707 7.586 9 .293 16.293l1.414
1.414L9 10.414l7.293 7.293 1.414-1.414L10.414 9z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">close menu</span></span></span></span></button></span><div><ul
class="_18AOIm" role="menu"><li class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a
class="_1Joaj- _3jgtRM" href="/language?id=en" role="menuitem"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg qD0ldw"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M14 8A6 6 0 112 8a6 6 0 0112 0zm2 0A8 8 0 110 8a8 8 0 0116 0zm-8 4a4 4 0 100-8 4
4 0 000 8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span
lang="en">English</span><span class="visually_hidden">(selected)</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=es"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="es">Español</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=pt-
br" role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg
width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"
aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd"
clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000
16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span
lang="pt-br">Português</span></a></li><li class="language_item _1WNnAF"
role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=de" role="menuitem"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=fr"
role="menuitem"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="fr">Français</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=ru"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=it"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=ro"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ro">Română</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=id"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="id">Bahasa
Indonesia</span></a></li></ul><a href="#" class="_1nXNWj" data-
e2e="learn_more_link">Learn more</a></div></div></div></div><div class="EMdAMJ"
data-e2e="footer_copyright_text"><span>Copyright &copy; 2022 Scribd
Inc.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="GridRow-module_wrapper__Uub42"><div
class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu GridColumn-module_hide_above_xl__erar5
GridColumn-module_hide_above_l__UT1-z GridColumn-module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-
module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-module_m_8__3ZSLb GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi
GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><div class="_3vLpks
_3T4rnI _2EiE5C"><div class="_2w4vWX">Language<!-- -->:</div><div
class="DropdownMenu-module_wrapper__-3wi4" data-
e2e="footer_language_picker_link"><a aria-disabled="false" aria-expanded="false"
class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-module_default__ekglb
menu_handle _2iunPG" href="#"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><div class="_2CzVQj">English<!-- -->
<span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M8.24 11.66L4 7.41 5.41 6l2.83 2.83L11.07 6l1.42 1.41-
4.25 4.25z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span></div></span></span></a><div
class="MenuItems-module_wrapper__y6cjo MenuItems-module_top__2bxjj _3jtDm9" data-
e2e="menu-items"><span class="breakpoint_hide s atAndAbove"><button aria-
disabled="false" class="TextButton-module_wrapper__ZwW-w TextButton-
module_default__ekglb MenuItems-module_closeButton__ZAyQt" data-e2e="close-button"
type="button"><span class="TextButton-module_content__6x-Ra"><span
class="TextButton-module_children__HwxUl"><span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw"><svg width="18" height="18" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.414
9l7.293-7.293L16.293.293 9 7.586 1.707.293.293 1.707 7.586 9 .293 16.293l1.414
1.414L9 10.414l7.293 7.293 1.414-1.414L10.414 9z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg><span style="border:0;clip:rect(0 0 0
0);height:1px;margin:-
1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap;word-
wrap:normal">close menu</span></span></span></span></button></span><div><ul
class="_18AOIm" role="menu"><li class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a
class="_1Joaj- _3jgtRM" href="/language?id=en" role="menuitem"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg qD0ldw"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M14 8A6 6 0 112 8a6 6 0 0112 0zm2 0A8 8 0 110 8a8 8 0 0116 0zm-8 4a4 4 0 100-8 4
4 0 000 8z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span
lang="en">English</span><span class="visually_hidden">(selected)</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=es"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="es">Español</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=pt-
br" role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg
width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"
aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd"
clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000
16z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span
lang="pt-br">Português</span></a></li><li class="language_item _1WNnAF"
role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=de" role="menuitem"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16" height="16"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="de">Deutsch</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=fr"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="fr">Français</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=ru"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=it"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=ro"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="ro">Română</span></a></li><li
class="language_item _1WNnAF" role="none"><a class="_1Joaj-" href="/language?id=id"
role="menuitem"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw cHiKmg"><svg width="16"
height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-
rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12zm0 2A8 8 0 108 0a8 8 0 000 16z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><span lang="id">Bahasa
Indonesia</span></a></li></ul><a href="#" class="_1nXNWj" data-
e2e="learn_more_link">Learn more</a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div
class="GridRow-module_wrapper__Uub42"><div class="GridColumn-module_wrapper__soqyu
GridColumn-module_hide_above_xl__erar5 GridColumn-module_hide_above_l__UT1-z
GridColumn-module_xl_12__YZ-Rh GridColumn-module_l_12__FvEF8 GridColumn-
module_m_8__3ZSLb GridColumn-module_s_4__21RHi GridColumn-module_xs_4__HIdGd
GridColumn-module_xxs_4__qVTq6"><div class="EMdAMJ" data-
e2e="footer_copyright_text"><span>Copyright &copy; 2022 Scribd
Inc.</span></div></div></div></div></footer></main></div><div
class="auto__doc_page_app_page_body_fixed_viewport_bottom_components"
style="width:1009px"><section
aria-hidden="true" class="scrolling_component exited collapsed"
style="transform:translateY(100px)"></section><span class="breakpoint_hide s
above"><nav aria-labelledby="MobileBottomTabs" class="_38kIGJ"><h3
class="visually_hidden" id="MobileBottomTabs">Quick navigation</h3><ul
class="_3YSphr"><li class="home _2G3yDQ"><a class="_1ORxuJ" href="/"><span
class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _2lBz7_"><svg width="20" height="24"
fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true"
class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M5.393 13.389c-1.33 0-2.4-.491-3.22-1.46-.82-.97-1.257-2.347-1.257-4.076 0-.09
0-.174-.006-.258v-.06C.91 3.118 4.423.036 9.444.036c3.256 0 6.141.994 8.57
2.95l.797.647-2.215 3.322-1.903-1.257 1.012-1.61c-1.82-1.209-3.927-1.825-6.267-
1.825-1.215 0-2.298.227-3.208.64-.329.168-.64.36-.933.575C4.26 4.232 3.74 5.123
3.74 6.165c0 .622.257.933.766.933.113
0 .34-.047.688-.131.281-.066.569-.102.862-.114.706 0 1.364.275 1.987.826.622.55.934
1.31.934 2.274a3.385 3.385 0 01-.958 2.424c-.64.677-1.514 1.012-2.627
1.012zm6.176.712a3.368 3.368 0 01.958-2.406c.64-.67 1.514-1.005 2.627-1.011 1.323 0
2.394.484 3.214 1.448.82.963 1.227 2.304 1.227 4.028 0 2.37-.748 4.231-2.25 5.578-
1.46 1.317-3.543 2.089-5.626 2.184-.383.036-.778.054-1.18.054-3.62 0-7.074-1.299-
9.72-3.657l-.783-.7 2.61-3.16 1.789 1.383-1.239 1.514a12.233 12.233 0 007.338
2.406c3.154 0 5.338-1.191 6.188-3.262.048-.215.072-.431.072-.646
0-.617-.257-.922-.766-.922-.114 0-.341.048-.688.132a4.15 4.15 0 01-.862.113c-.7 0-
1.359-.269-1.981-.82-.617-.544-.928-1.298-.928-2.256z"
fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><div class="oTDT-6">Home</div></a></li><li
class="book _2G3yDQ"><a class="_1ORxuJ" href="/books"><span class="SvgIcon-
module_wrapper__1fPqw _2lBz7_"><svg width="22" height="22" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-
module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M15 0c-1.64 0-3.09.81-4 2.03C10.09.81 8.64 0 7
0H0v19h7c1.65 0 3 1.35 3 3h2c0-1.65 1.35-3 3-3h7V0h-7zM7 17H2V2h5c1.65 0 3 1.35 3
3v13.03A4.924 4.924 0 007 17zm13 0h-5c-1.13 0-2.16.39-3 1.03V5c0-1.65 1.35-3 3-
3h5v15z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><div
class="oTDT-6">Books</div></a></li><li class="audiobook _2G3yDQ"><a class="_1ORxuJ"
href="/audiobooks"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _2lBz7_"><svg
width="22" height="21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img"
aria-hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M11 0C4.93 0 0 4.93
0 11v7c0 1.65 1.35 3 3 3h4v-9H2v-1c0-4.96 4.04-9 9-9s9 4.04 9 9v1h-5v9h4c1.65 0 3-
1.35 3-3v-7c0-6.07-4.93-11-11-11zM5 14v5H3c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1v-4h3zm15 4c0 .55-.45 1-
1 1h-2v-5h3v4z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><div class="oTDT-
6">Audiobooks</div></a></li><li class="document _2G3yDQ _1FR2RY"><a class="_1ORxuJ"
href="/docs"><span class="SvgIcon-module_wrapper__1fPqw _2lBz7_"><svg width="19"
height="23" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-
hidden="true" class="SvgIcon-module_icon__sUHUn"><path d="M13 14H5v-2h8v2zM5 18h6v-
2H5v2z" fill="currentColor"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd"
d="M0 0v20a3 3 0 003 3h16V6.586L12.414 0H0zm2 20V2h8v7h7v12H3a1 1 0 01-1-1zM16.586
7L12 2.414V7h4.586z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></span><div class="oTDT-
6">Documents</div><span class="visually_hidden">,
active</span></a></li></ul></nav></span></div></div></section></div></div></div>
<script type="application/json" data-hypernova-key="doc_page" data-hypernova-
id="117a4aef-2d7a-4333-b747-399f1ebd7266"><!--
{"asset_environment":"production","body_props":
{"admin_panel_props":null,"breadcrumbs":[{"label":"Documents","href":"https://
www.scribd.com/docs"},{"label":"Technology &amp;
Engineering","href":"https://www.scribd.com/explore/Technology-Engineering"},
{"label":"Petroleum","href":"https://www.scribd.com/explore/Technology-
Engineering/Petroleum"}],"document":{"edit_path":null,"embed_modal_props_path":"/
doc-page/embed-modal-props/
436328248","id":436328248,"page_count":4,"publisher_info":
{"is_author":false,"name":"Pushpa
Kumari","url":"https://www.scribd.com/user/479795038/Pushpa-
Kumari"},"title":"Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal and Petroleum","copyright_name":"©
All Rights Reserved","description":"Coal and Petroleum","extensions":
["docx","pdf","txt"],"flag_document_modal_props_path":"/doc-page/flag-document-
modal-props/
436328248","isbn":null,"is_archive":true,"is_view_restricted_archive":false,"extrac
ted_title":null,"secret_password":null,"seo_description":null},"interests_props":
{"interests":[{"title":"Coal","href":"https://www.scribd.com/interest/Coal/
explore","id":10047},{"title":"Fuels","href":"https://www.scribd.com/interest/
Fuels/explore","id":30664},{"title":"Fossil
Fuels","href":"https://www.scribd.com/interest/Fossil-Fuels/explore","id":31021},
{"title":"Petroleum","href":"https://www.scribd.com/explore/Technology-
Engineering/Petroleum","id":56567},{"title":"Lesson
Plan","href":"https://www.scribd.com/interest/Lesson-Plan/explore","id":31748}]},"s
haring_buttons_props":{"description":"Coal and
Petroleum","id":436328248,"message":null,"private":false,"secretPassword":"nk3fTuwC
xXYT3TCxcp3T","show_pinterest":false,"thumbnail_url":"https://imgv2-2-
f.scribdassets.com/img/document/436328248/original/a409ad2c10/1667399786?
v=1","title":"Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal and
Petroleum","twitter_hashtag":null,"url":"https://www.scribd.com/document/
436328248/Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-
Petroleum"},"show_bot_text":false,"bot_text":null,"view_restricted_cta_test_enabled
":false},"currentPage":{"isHamburgerMenuOpen":false,"navigationCategories":
{"books":{"totalCategoryCount":21,"exploreLinks":
[{"dataName":"bestsellers","name":"Bestsellers","url":"/bestsellers/books"},
{"dataName":"editors-picks","name":"Editors' Picks","url":"/books/editors_picks"},
{"dataName":"all-books","name":"All Ebooks","url":"/books"}],"categoryLinks":
[{"dataName":"contemporary-fiction","name":"Contemporary
Fiction","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Contemporary-Fiction"},
{"dataName":"literary-fiction","name":"Literary
Fiction","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Literary-Fiction"},
{"dataName":"religion-spirituality","name":"Religion &amp;
Spirituality","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Religion-Spirituality"},
{"dataName":"self-improvement","name":"Self-Improvement","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/books/Self-Improvement","children":[{"dataName":"personal-
growth","name":"Personal Growth","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Self-
Improvement/Personal-Growth"}]},{"dataName":"home-garden","name":"Home &amp;
Garden","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Home-Garden","children":
[{"dataName":"gardening","name":"Gardening","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/
Home-Garden/Gardening"}]},{"dataName":"mystery-thriller-crime-
fiction","name":"Mystery, Thriller &amp; Crime
Fiction","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-
Fiction","children":[{"dataName":"suspense","name":"Suspense","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/books/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction/Suspense"}]},{"dataName":"true-
crime","name":"True Crime","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/True-Crime"},
{"dataName":"science-fiction-fantasy","name":"Science Fiction &amp;
Fantasy","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Science-Fiction-Fantasy"},
{"dataName":"young-adult","name":"Young
Adult","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Young-Adult","children":
[{"dataName":"dystopian","name":"Dystopian","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/
Young-Adult/Dystopian"},{"dataName":"paranormal-occult-
supernatural","name":"Paranormal, Occult &amp;
Supernatural","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Young-Adult/Paranormal-Occult-
Supernatural"},{"dataName":"romance","name":"Romance","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/books/Young-Adult/Romance"}]},{"dataName":"historical-
fiction","name":"Historical
Fiction","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Historical-Fiction"},
{"dataName":"science-mathematics","name":"Science &amp;
Mathematics","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Science-Mathematics"},
{"dataName":"history","name":"History","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/
History"},{"dataName":"study-aids-test-prep","name":"Study Aids &amp; Test
Prep","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Study-Aids-Test-Prep"},
{"dataName":"business","name":"Business","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/
Business","children":[{"dataName":"small-business-entrepreneurs","name":"Small
Business &amp; Entrepreneurs","url":"https://www.scribd.com/books/Business/Small-
Business-Entrepreneurs"}]}]},"audiobooks":{"totalCategoryCount":21,"exploreLinks":
[{"dataName":"bestsellers","name":"Bestsellers","url":"/bestsellers/audiobooks"},
{"dataName":"editors-picks","name":"Editors'
Picks","url":"/audiobooks/editors_picks"},{"dataName":"all-audiobooks","name":"All
audiobooks","url":"/audiobooks"}],"categoryLinks":[{"dataName":"mystery-thriller-
crime-fiction","name":"Mystery, Thriller &amp; Crime
Fiction","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-
Fiction","children":[{"dataName":"mystery","name":"Mystery","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction/Mystery"},
{"dataName":"thrillers","name":"Thrillers","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
audiobooks/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction/Thrillers"}]},
{"dataName":"romance","name":"Romance","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/
Romance","children":
[{"dataName":"contemporary","name":"Contemporary","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
audiobooks/Romance/Contemporary"},
{"dataName":"suspense","name":"Suspense","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/
Romance/Suspense"}]},{"dataName":"young-adult","name":"Young
Adult","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Young-Adult","children":
[{"dataName":"paranormal-occult-supernatural","name":"Paranormal, Occult &amp;
Supernatural","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Young-Adult/Paranormal-
Occult-Supernatural"},{"dataName":"mysteries-thrillers","name":"Mysteries &amp;
Thrillers","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Young-Adult/Mysteries-
Thrillers"}]},{"dataName":"science-fiction-fantasy","name":"Science Fiction &amp;
Fantasy","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-
Fantasy","children":[{"dataName":"science-fiction","name":"Science
Fiction","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-Fantasy/Science-
Fiction"},{"dataName":"dystopian","name":"Dystopian","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Science-Fiction-Fantasy/Dystopian"}]},
{"dataName":"career-growth","name":"Career &amp;
Growth","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Career-Growth","children":
[{"dataName":"careers","name":"Careers","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/
Career-Growth/Careers"},
{"dataName":"leadership","name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
audiobooks/Career-Growth/Leadership"}]},{"dataName":"biography-
memoir","name":"Biography &amp;
Memoir","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir","children":
[{"dataName":"adventurers-explorers","name":"Adventurers &amp;
Explorers","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir/Adventurers-
Explorers"},{"dataName":"historical","name":"Historical","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Biography-Memoir/Historical"}]},{"dataName":"religion-
spirituality","name":"Religion &amp;
Spirituality","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Religion-
Spirituality","children":
[{"dataName":"inspirational","name":"Inspirational","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
audiobooks/Religion-Spirituality/Inspirational"},{"dataName":"new-age-
spirituality","name":"New Age &amp;
Spirituality","url":"https://www.scribd.com/audiobooks/Religion-Spirituality/New-
Age-Spirituality"}]}]},"magazines":{"totalCategoryCount":21,"exploreLinks":
[{"dataName":"editors-picks","name":"Editors'
Picks","url":"/magazines/editors_picks"},{"dataName":"all-magazines","name":"All
magazines","url":"/magazines"}],"categoryLinks":
[{"dataName":"news","name":"News","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/
News","children":[{"dataName":"business-news","name":"Business
News","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/News/Business-News"},
{"dataName":"entertainment-news","name":"Entertainment
News","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/News/Entertainment-News"},
{"dataName":"politics","name":"Politics","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/
News/Politics"},{"dataName":"tech-news","name":"Tech
News","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/News/Tech-News"}]},
{"dataName":"finance-money-management","name":"Finance &amp; Money
Management","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Finance-Money-
Management","children":[{"dataName":"personal-finance","name":"Personal
Finance","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Finance-Money-Management/Personal-
Finance"}]},{"dataName":"career-growth","name":"Career &amp;
Growth","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Career-Growth","children":
[{"dataName":"leadership","name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
magazines/Career-Growth/Leadership"}]},
{"dataName":"business","name":"Business","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/
Business","children":[{"dataName":"strategic-planning","name":"Strategic
Planning","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Business/Strategic-Planning"}]},
{"dataName":"sports-recreation","name":"Sports &amp;
Recreation","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Sports-Recreation"},
{"dataName":"pets","name":"Pets","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Pets"},
{"dataName":"games-activities","name":"Games
&amp; Activities","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Games-
Activities","children":[{"dataName":"video-games","name":"Video
Games","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Games-Activities/Video-Games"}]},
{"dataName":"wellness","name":"Wellness","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/
Wellness","children":[{"dataName":"exercise-fitness","name":"Exercise &amp;
Fitness","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Wellness/Exercise-Fitness"}]},
{"dataName":"cooking-food-wine","name":"Cooking, Food &amp;
Wine","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Cooking-Food-Wine"},
{"dataName":"art","name":"Art","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Art"},
{"dataName":"home-garden","name":"Home &amp;
Garden","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Home-Garden","children":
[{"dataName":"crafts-hobbies","name":"Crafts &amp;
Hobbies","url":"https://www.scribd.com/magazines/Home-Garden/Crafts-
Hobbies"}]}]},"podcasts":{"totalCategoryCount":8,"exploreLinks":[{"dataName":"all-
podcasts","name":"All podcasts","url":"/podcasts"}],"categoryLinks":
[{"dataName":"religion-spirituality","name":"Religion &amp;
Spirituality","url":"https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/Religion-Spirituality"},
{"dataName":"news","name":"News","url":"https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/News"},
{"dataName":"entertainment-news","name":"Entertainment
News","url":"https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/News/Entertainment-News"},
{"dataName":"mystery-thriller-crime-fiction","name":"Mystery, Thriller &amp; Crime
Fiction","url":"https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/Mystery-Thriller-Crime-Fiction"},
{"dataName":"true-crime","name":"True
Crime","url":"https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/True-Crime"},
{"dataName":"history","name":"History","url":"https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/
History"},{"dataName":"politics","name":"Politics","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
podcasts/Politics"},{"dataName":"social-science","name":"Social
Science","url":"https://www.scribd.com/podcasts/Social-Science"}]},"sheetmusic":
{"totalCategoryCount":21,"exploreLinks":[{"dataName":"all-sheetmusic","name":"All
sheet music","url":"/sheetmusic"}],"categoryLinks":[{"dataName":"megamenu-
sheet_music-categories-genre","name":"Genre","url":null,"children":
[{"dataName":"classical","name":"Classical","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
sheetmusic/Classical"},{"dataName":"country","name":"Country","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Country"},
{"dataName":"folk","name":"Folk","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Folk"},
{"dataName":"jazz-blues","name":"Jazz &amp;
Blues","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Jazz-Blues"},{"dataName":"movies-
musicals","name":"Movies &amp;
Musicals","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Movies-Musicals"},
{"dataName":"pop-rock","name":"Pop &amp;
Rock","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Pop-Rock"},{"dataName":"religious-
holiday","name":"Religious &amp;
Holiday","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Religious-Holiday"},
{"dataName":"standards","name":"Standards","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
sheetmusic/Standards"}]},{"dataName":"megamenu-sheet_music-categories-
instrument","name":"Instrument","url":null,"children":
[{"dataName":"brass","name":"Brass","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/
Brass"},{"dataName":"drums-percussion","name":"Drums &amp;
Percussion","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Drums-Percussion"},
{"dataName":"guitar-bass-and-fretted","name":"Guitar, Bass, and
Fretted","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Guitar-Bass-and-Fretted"},
{"dataName":"piano","name":"Piano","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/
Piano"},{"dataName":"strings","name":"Strings","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
sheetmusic/Strings"},{"dataName":"vocal","name":"Vocal","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Vocal"},
{"dataName":"woodwinds","name":"Woodwinds","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
sheetmusic/Woodwinds"}]},{"dataName":"megamenu-sheet_music-categories-
difficulty","name":"Difficulty","url":null,"children":[{"dataName":"beginner-
level","name":"Beginner","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Beginner-Level"},
{"dataName":"intermediate-level","name":"Intermediate","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Intermediate-Level"},{"dataName":"advanced-
level","name":"Advanced","url":"https://www.scribd.com/sheetmusic/Advanced-
Level"}]}]},"docs":{"totalCategoryCount":20,"exploreLinks":[{"dataName":"academic-
papers","name":"Academic
Papers","url":"https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567493/Academic-Papers"},
{"dataName":"business-templates","name":"Business
Templates","url":"https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567494/Business-Templates"},
{"dataName":"court-filings","name":"Court
Filings","url":"https://www.scribd.com/lists/21567495/Court-Filings"},
{"dataName":"all-documents","name":"All documents","url":"/docs"}],"categoryLinks":
[{"dataName":"sports-recreation","name":"Sports &amp;
Recreation","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Sports-Recreation","children":
[{"dataName":"bodybuilding-weight-training","name":"Bodybuilding &amp; Weight
Training","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Sports-Recreation/Bodybuilding-Weight-
Training"},{"dataName":"boxing","name":"Boxing","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
docs/Sports-Recreation/Boxing"},{"dataName":"martial-arts","name":"Martial
Arts","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Sports-Recreation/Martial-Arts"}]},
{"dataName":"religion-spirituality","name":"Religion &amp;
Spirituality","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality","children":
[{"dataName":"christianity","name":"Christianity","url":"https://www.scribd.com/
docs/Religion-Spirituality/Christianity"},
{"dataName":"judaism","name":"Judaism","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-
Spirituality/Judaism"},{"dataName":"new-age-spirituality","name":"New Age &amp;
Spirituality","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality/New-Age-
Spirituality"},{"dataName":"buddhism","name":"Buddhism","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-Spirituality/Buddhism"},
{"dataName":"islam","name":"Islam","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Religion-
Spirituality/Islam"}]},{"dataName":"art","name":"Art","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/docs/Art","children":
[{"dataName":"music","name":"Music","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Art/Music"},
{"dataName":"performing-arts","name":"Performing
Arts","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Art/Performing-Arts"}]},
{"dataName":"wellness","name":"Wellness","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/
Wellness","children":[{"dataName":"body-mind-spirit","name":"Body, Mind, &amp;
Spirit","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Wellness/Body-Mind-Spirit"},
{"dataName":"weight-loss","name":"Weight
Loss","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Wellness/Weight-Loss"}]},
{"dataName":"self-improvement","name":"Self-Improvement","url":"https://
www.scribd.com/docs/Self-Improvement"},{"dataName":"technology-
engineering","name":"Technology &amp;
Engineering","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Technology-Engineering"},
{"dataName":"politics","name":"Politics","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/
Politics","children":[{"dataName":"political-science","name":"Political
Science","url":"https://www.scribd.com/docs/Politics/Political-
Science"}]}]}},"selectedMobileBottomTab":"document"},"eligible_for_exit_modal":true
,"enable_pseudolocalization":false,"exit_modal_props_path":"/doc-page/exit-modal/
436328248","flashes":[],"footer_props":{"urls":{"about":"/
about","accessibility":"/accessibility-policy","android_app":"https://
play.google.com/store/apps/details?
id=com.scribd.app.reader0&amp;hl=en","blog":"https://
literally.scribd.com/","books":"/books","careers":"/careers","contact":"/
contact","copyright":"/copyright","faq":"/faq","faq_paths":{"accounts":"https://
support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246346","adchoices":"https://support.scribd.com/
hc/articles/210129366","announcements":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/
202246066","book_id":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
360037497152","copyright_infringement":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
210129146","copyright_report":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
210129146","copyright":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/
202246086","document_free_access":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
210134746","downloading":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
210135046","end_user_license":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
210129486","failed_uploads":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210134586-
Troubleshooting-uploads-and-conversions","paid_features":"https://
support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246306","page_gate":"https://support.scribd.com/
hc/articles/4406311611156","premium_membership":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/en-
us/articles/210134106-Premium-Membership","publishing":"https://
support.scribd.com/hc/sections/202246366","reading":"https://support.scribd.com/
hc/sections/202246406","referrals":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
360036482671","selling":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/
202246326","slideshare":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
4405462601364","status":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/
360001202872","store":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/
202246306","terms_of_use":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129326-
General-Terms-of-Use","terms":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/
202246126","writing":"https://support.scribd.com/hc/sections/
202246366"},"giftcards":"/giftcards","ios_app":"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/
scribd-worlds-largest-online/id542557212?
mt=8&amp;uo=4&amp;at=11lGEE","plans_landing":"/subscribe","press":"/
press","publishers":"/publishers","referrals":"/referrals?
source=footer","static_enterprise":"/enterprise","static_privacy":"/
privacy","static_terms":"/terms"}},"global":{"client":{"mobile":
{"get_mobile_app_props":{"androidStoreUrl":"https://play.google.com/store/apps/
details?id=com.scribd.app.reader0&amp;hl=en","iosStoreUrl":"https://
itunes.apple.com/us/app/scribd-worlds-largest-online/id542557212?
mt=8&amp;uo=4&amp;at=11lGEE","app_download_link":"https://www.scribd.com/
send_download_link","close_promo_url":"https://www.scribd.com/home/
close_promo","doc_id":436328248,"email_address":null,"extra_classes":"app_downloa
d_promo","promo_id":null,"twilio_enabled":false,"track_page":"doc_page","success":t
rue,"__locale":"en_US"}}},"config":{"facebook":
{"app_id":"136494494209"}},"test_assignments":
{"personalized_archive_offer":"control"},"paths":
{"assetPath":"aHR0cHM6Ly9zLWYuc2NyaWJkYXNzZXRzLmNvbS8=\n","actions":
{"add_to_library":"L3NhdmVkL2FkZA==\
n","archive_plans_url":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9hcmNoaXZlL3BsYW5zP2RvYz00MzY
z\nMjgyNDgmbWV0YWRhdGE9JTdCJTIyY29udGV4dCUyMiUzQSUyMmFyY2hpdmUl\
nMjIlMkMlMjJwYWdlJTIyJTNBJTIycmVhZCUyMiUyQyUyMmFjdGlvbiUyMiUz\
nQSUyMmRvd25sb2FkJTIyJTJDJTIybG9nZ2VkX2luJTIyJTNBZmFsc2UlMkMl\
nMjJwbGF0Zm9ybSUyMiUzQSUyMndlYiUyMiU3RA==\
n","audiobooksLink":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9hdWRpb2Jvb2tz\
n","bestsellers_url":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9iZXN0c2VsbGVycw==\
n","book_annotations":"L2Jvb2tfYW5ub3RhdGlvbnMvNDM2MzI4MjQ4\
n","booksLink":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9ib29rcw==\
n","documentsLink":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9kb2Nz\
n","faqUrl":"aHR0cDovL3N1cHBvcnQuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9oYw==\
n","homeLink":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS8=\
n","library_url":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9zYXZlZA==\
n","load_recommenders":"L2RvYy1wYWdlL3JlY29tbWVuZGVycy80MzYzMjgyNDg=\
n","loadDayZeroLightboxProps":"L2RvYy1wYWdlL2RheS16ZXJvLWxpZ2h0Ym94\
n","payment_fix":"L2FjY291bnQvcGF5bWVudF9wcm9maWxlX3VwZGF0ZQ==\
n","payment_fix_url":null,"personalization_path":"L2RvYy1wYWdlL3BlcnNvbmFsaXphdGlvb
g==\n","pingback":["aA==\n","dA==\n","dA==\n","cA==\n","cw==\n","Og==\n","Lw==\
n","Lw==\n","dw==\n","dw==\n","dw==\n","Lg==\n","cw==\n","Yw==\n","cg==\n","aQ==\
n","Yg==\n","ZA==\n","Lg==\n","Yw==\n","bw==\n","bQ==\n","Lw==\n","ZA==\n","bw==\
n","Yw==\n","dQ==\n","bQ==\n","ZQ==\n","bg==\n","dA==\n","cw==\n","Lw==\n","NA==\
n","Mw==\n","Ng==\n","Mw==\n","Mg==\n","OA==\n","Mg==\n","NA==\n","OA==\n","Lw==\
n","cA==\n","aQ==\n","bg==\n","Zw==\n","Yg==\n","YQ==\n","Yw==\n","aw==\
n"],"register_download_attempt":"L2RvY3VtZW50X2Rvd25sb2Fkcy9yZWdpc3Rlcl9kb3dubG9hZF
9hdHRlbXB0\n","remove_from_library":"L3NhdmVkL3JlbW92ZQ==\
n","upload_url":"L3VwbG9hZC1kb2N1bWVudD9hcmNoaXZlX2RvYz00MzYzMjgyNDg=\n"},"props":
{"download_receipt_modal":"L2RvYy1wYWdlL2Rvd25sb2FkLXJlY2VpcHQtbW9kYWwtcHJvcHMvNDM2
MzI4\nMjQ4\
n","paused_user_download_modal":"L2RvYy1wYWdlL3BhdXNlZC11c2VyLWRvd25sb2FkLW1vZGFsLX
Byb3Bz\
n","pmp_login_join_modal":"L2RvYy1wYWdlL3BtcC1sb2dpbi1qb2luLW1vZGFsLXByb3BzLzQzNjMy
ODI0\nOA==\n"}},"features":
{"highlights":true,"taxonomyV4UgcBrowsing":true}},"i18n":{"currentLanguage":
{"prefix":"en","lcid":"en","href":"/language?
id=en","lang":"en_US","name":"English"},"languages":
[{"prefix":"en","lcid":"en","href":"/language?
id=en","lang":"en_US","name":"English"},{"prefix":"es","lcid":"es","href":"/
language?id=es","lang":"es-419","name":"Español"},{"prefix":"pt","lcid":"pt-
br","href":"/language?id=pt-br","lang":"pt_BR","name":"Português"},
{"prefix":"de","lcid":"de","href":"/language?id=de","lang":"de","name":"Deutsch"},
{"prefix":"fr","lcid":"fr","href":"/language?id=fr","lang":"fr","name":"Français"},
{"prefix":"ru","lcid":"ru","href":"/language?
id=ru","lang":"ru_RU","name":"Русский"},{"prefix":"it","lcid":"it","href":"/
language?id=it","lang":"it","name":"Italiano"},
{"prefix":"ro","lcid":"ro","href":"/language?
id=ro","lang":"ro_RO","name":"Română"},{"prefix":"id","lcid":"id","href":"/
language?id=id","lang":"id_ID","name":"Bahasa Indonesia"}],"locale":"en-
US"},"page":{"word_document":{"archived":true,"author_name":"Pushpa
Kumari","id":436328248,"image_url":"https://imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/
document/436328248/149x198/17d5b08515/1662803722?
v=1","in_library":false,"is_credit_restricted":false,"isDocumentOwner":false,"is_do
wnloadable":true,"is_sheet_music":false,"is_view_restricted_archive":false,"library
_xhr_pending":false,"page_count":4,"page_dimensions":
{"width":612,"height":792},"page_orientation":"portrait","retina_image_url":"https:
//imgv2-2-f.scribdassets.com/img/document/436328248/298x396/8e7b6f0e56/1662803722?
v=1","short_title":"Lesson Plan Class VIII - Coal and
Petroleum","show_archive_paywall":true,"signup_context":null,"title":"Lesson Plan
Class VIII - Coal and
Petroleum","type":"archive","url":"https://www.scribd.com/document/436328248/
Lesson-Plan-Class-VIII-Coal-and-Petroleum","views":"10K"},"saved_items":
{"436328248":false}},"personalization":{"trialDuration":null},"ratings":
{"436328248":
{"averageRating":5,"documentId":436328248,"downvoteCount":0,"ratingCount":4,"upvote
Count":4,"userRating":0}},"recommenders":null,"renewal_nag_props":null,"signup_cont
ext":null,"static":{"config":{"google":{"clientId":"491264573595-
hs5hu9ijbfl9g6khnkn2retrfr6lcua7.apps.googleusercontent.com","sessionPath":"/
open_id_connect/login"}},"routes":{"accountPath":"L2FjY291bnQtc2V0dGluZ3M=\
n","accountSettingsPath":"L2FjY291bnQtc2V0dGluZ3M=\
n","androidStoreUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly9wbGF5Lmdvb2dsZS5jb20vc3RvcmUvYXBwcy9kZXRhaWxzP2lk\
nPWNvbS5zY3JpYmQuYXBwLnJlYWRlcjAmaGw9ZW4=\
n","appPromoDeepLink":"aHR0cHM6Ly9zY3JpYmQucGFnZS5saW5rLz9hbXY9OS4xLjAmYXBuPWNvbS5z
\nY3JpYmQuYXBwLnJlYWRlcjAmaWJpPWNvbS5zY3JpYmQuaXNjcmliZCZpbXY9\
nOS4xLjEmaXNpPTU0MjU1NzIxMiZsaW5rPWh0dHBzJTNBJTJGJTJGd3d3LnNj\
ncmliZC5jb20lMkZkb2N1bWVudCUyRjQzNjMyODI0OCUyRkxlc3Nvbi1QbGFu\
nLUNsYXNzLVZJSUktQ29hbC1hbmQtUGV0cm9sZXVtJTNGcmVmZXJyZXIlM0R1\
ndG1fY2FtcGFpZ24lM0Rkb2NfcGFnZSUyNnV0bV9zb3VyY2UlM0Rkb2NfcGFn\
nZSUyNnV0bV9tZWRpdW0lM0R3ZWImc3Q9TGVzc29uJTIwUGxhbiUyMENsYXNz\
nJTIwVklJSSUyMC0lMjBDb2FsJTIwYW5kJTIwUGV0cm9sZXVtJnNpPWh0dHBz\
nOi8vaW1ndjItMS1mLnNjcmliZGFzc2V0cy5jb20vaW1nL2RvY3VtZW50LzQz\
nNjMyODI0OC9vcmlnaW5hbC8yMTZ4Mjg3L2Q3MzZhYmIzZjMvMTY2NzM5OTc4\nNj92PTE=\
n","audiobooksAllCategoriesPath":"L2F1ZGlvYm9va3MvY2F0ZWdvcmllcw==\
n","audiobooksPath":"L2F1ZGlvYm9va3M=\
n","archivePlansUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9hcmNoaXZlL3BsYW5zP2RvYz00MzYz\
nMjgyNDgmbWV0YWRhdGE9JTdCJTIyY29udGV4dCUyMiUzQSUyMmFyY2hpdmUl\
nMjIlMkMlMjJwYWdlJTIyJTNBJTIycmVhZCUyMiUyQyUyMmFjdGlvbiUyMiUz\
nQSUyMmRvd25sb2FkJTIyJTJDJTIybG9nZ2VkX2luJTIyJTNBZmFsc2UlMkMl\
nMjJwbGF0Zm9ybSUyMiUzQSUyMndlYiUyMiU3RA==\n","bestsellersPath":"L2Jlc3RzZWxsZXJz\
n","booksAllCategoriesPath":"L2Jvb2tzL2NhdGVnb3JpZXM=\n","booksPath":"L2Jvb2tz\
n","documentsAllCategoriesPath":"L2RvY3MvY2F0ZWdvcmllcw==\
n","documentsPath":"L2RvY3M=\
n","facebookUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZmFjZWJvb2suY29tL3BhZ2VzL1NjcmliZC82OTc4NDU0\
nMDgy\n","homePath":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS8=\
n","instagramUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuaW5zdGFncmFtLmNvbS9zY3JpYmQv\
n","iosStoreUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly9pdHVuZXMuYXBwbGUuY29tL3VzL2FwcC9zY3JpYmQtbWlsbGlv\
nbnMtYm9va3MtYXVkaW9ib29rcy9pZDU0MjU1NzIxMj9tdD04JnB0PTI5ODUz\nNA==\
n","languageModalPropsPath":"L2xhbmd1YWdlX21vZGFsX3Byb3Bz\
n","logoutPath":"L2xvZ291dA==\
n","magazinesAllCategoriesPath":"L21hZ2F6aW5lcy9jYXRlZ29yaWVz\
n","magazinesPath":"L21hZ2F6aW5lcw==\n","myUploadsPath":"L3VwbG9hZHM=\
n","paymentFixUrl":null,"pinterestUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGludGVyZXN0LmNvbS9zY3JpYmQ
v\
n","podcastsAllCategories":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9wb2RjYXN0cy9jYXRlZ29yaWV
z\n","podcastsPath":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9wb2RjYXN0cw==\
n","profilePath":"","rate":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9yYXRpbmdzLmpzb24=\
n","readingHistoryDataPath":"L3lvdXItYWNjb3VudC9yZWFkaW5nX2hpc3RvcnlfZGF0YQ==\
n","referralsUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9yZWZlcnJhbHM=\
n","rootPath":"Lw==\n","savedPath":"L3NhdmVk\n","scribdPerksPath":"L3Blcmtz\
n","searchPath":"L3NlYXJjaA==\n","sheetMusicPath":"L3NoZWV0bXVzaWM=\
n","statsPath":null,"subscribeNowLandingPath":"L3N1YnNjcmliZS1ub3c=\
n","subscribeUrl":"L2FyY2hpdmUvcG1wX2NoZWNrb3V0P2RvYz00MzYzMjgyNDgmbWV0YWRhdGE9\
nJTdCJTIyY29udGV4dCUyMiUzQSUyMnBtcCUyMiUyQyUyMmFjdGlvbiUyMiUz\
nQSUyMnN0YXJ0X3RyaWFsJTIyJTJDJTIybG9nZ2VkX2luJTIyJTNBZmFsc2Ul\
nMkMlMjJwbGF0Zm9ybSUyMiUzQSUyMm1vYmlsZSUyMiU3RA==\
n","summaryPath":"L3NuYXBzaG90cw==\
n","supportPath":"aHR0cDovL3N1cHBvcnQuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9sb2dpbg==\
n","twitterUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHdpdHRlci5jb20vc2NyaWJkLw==\
n","unpauseAccountUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9hY2NvdW50L3VucGF1c2U/
ZnJvbT1o\ndHRwcyUzQSUyRiUyRnd3dy5zY3JpYmQuY29tJTJGZG9jdW1lbnQlMkY0MzYz\
nMjgyNDglMkZMZXNzb24tUGxhbi1DbGFzcy1WSUlJLUNvYWwtYW5kLVBldHJv\nbGV1bQ==\
n","uploadPath":"L3VwbG9hZC1kb2N1bWVudA==\
n","webAnalyticsUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93YS5zY3JpYmQuY29t\
n","whatIsScribdLandingPath":"L3doYXQtaXMtc2NyaWJk\
n","aboutUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9hYm91dA==\
n","accessibilityUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9hY2Nlc3NpYmlsaXR5LXBvbGljeQ==
\n","adChoicesUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly9zdXBwb3J0LnNjcmliZC5jb20vaGMvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjEwMTI5\
nMzY2\n","blogUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLnNjcmliZC5jb20v\
n","careersUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9jYXJlZXJz\
n","contactUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9jb250YWN0\
n","copyrightUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly9zdXBwb3J0LnNjcmliZC5jb20vaGMvc2VjdGlvbnMvMjAyMjQ2\
nMDg2\n","faqUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9mYXE=\
n","giftUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9naWZ0Y2FyZHM=\
n","pressUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9tZWRpYQ==\
n","privacyUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9wcml2YWN5\
n","publishersUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9wdWJsaXNoZXJz\
n","purchaseHelpUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly9zdXBwb3J0LnNjcmliZC5jb20vaGMvc2VjdGlvbnMvMjAyMjQ2\
nMzA2\n","scribdForEnterpriseUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9lbnRlcnByaXNl\
n","snapshotsUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9zbmFwc2hvdHM=\
n","termsUrl":"aHR0cHM6Ly9zdXBwb3J0LnNjcmliZC5jb20vaGMvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjEwMTI5\
nMzI2LUdlbmVyYWwtVGVybXMtb2YtVXNl\n"}},"thirdPartyScriptsConfig":
{"google_analytics":{"account_id":"UA-443684-
2","current_user":"false","facebook_user_context":"none"},"include_google_tag_manag
er":true,"sift_science":{"user_id":null,"unique_browser_tracking_uuid":"1c8dcc03-
d50f-4328-8207-cd72f68ba9f4","sift_science_js_key":"cbcb9f556a"}},"toolbar":
{"search_path":"L2RvY3VtZW50cy9zZWFyY2g/YWxsb3dlZF9wYWdlcz0mYXV0aF90b2tlbj1n\
nNzdSVDlKVlVOZFA0a0FETmxPVkRJU25xMlUlM0QmYXV0aGVudGljaXR5X3Rv\
na2VuPTVIMUJBZ05tcW1jTnNpU21PZ1BkaVdra05IaGwxRG5ScXR1ZXhsU0xE\
nVHdEYVhzSDd0UGJLMXhtcyUyRlBQNjUxZVF0VmRtR05oR0NGOXpURXBHTGJz\
nZ0ElM0QlM0QmZXhwaXJlcz0xNjY4MjIwMTM0JndvcmREb2N1bWVudElkPTQz\
nNjMyODI0OCZ3b3JkVXBsb2FkSWQ9NDQ4MzkxMjgw\n"},"user":{"browserUuid":"1c8dcc03-d50f-
4328-8207-cd72f68
ba9f4","canExtendSubscription":null,"country":null,"hasPublishedDocuments":false,"i
d":null,"initials":"","isAborted":null,"isAdmin":null,"isBot":false,"isDunning":fal
se,"isEligibleForFreeTrial":true,"isEligibleForBundles":false,"isLoggedIn":false,"i
sMobile":true,"isPaused":false,"isSubscriber":false,"isTrialing":false,"isUnderDunn
ingLock":false,"name":null,"personaIconRetinaUrl":null,"personaIconUrl":null,"showS
cribdPerksNotification":false},"X_Request_ID":"638d9ad3aabf20d2f94084d3d6c918eb59bf
c0ff15c2548c5a0a08c30cad2f1b"}--></script><div style="display:
none;">576648e32a3d8b82ca71961b7a986505</div></div></div><script
type="text/javascript" src="/options/exposed_to_client.js"></script><script
type="application/javascript">window._translations = JSON.parse("{\"en-US\":
{\"translation\":{\"account_settings\":{\"facebook_connect\":
{\"facebook\":\"Facebook\"},\"plans\":{\"plan_module\":{\"slash_month\":\"/
month\",\"slash_year\":\"/year\"}},\"show\":{\"restart_membership\":\"Restart
subscription\"}},\"app\":{\"components\":{\"BundlesPage\":{\"Card\":{\"Card\":
{}}}}},\"bestsellers\":{\"promo\":
{\"enjoy_bestselling_titles_when_subscribed\":\"Enjoy bestselling titles when you
subscribe\"}},\"browse\":{\"promo\":{\"cancel_anytime\":\"Cancel
anytime.\",\"scribd_also_available_on_mobile_devices\":\"Scribd is also available
for your mobile devices.\"}},\"browse_page\":{\"promo\":{\"instant_access\":\"Get
instant access to millions of eBooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more for only
{{price}}/month.\"}},\"chrome\":{\"flash\":{\"close_notification\":\"Close
notification\",\"error\":\"Error\",\"notice\":\"Notice\",\"success\":\"Success\"},\
"renewal_nag\":{\"click_here_to_become_a_member\":\"Click here to become a
member\",\"click_here_to_renew_it\":\"Click here to renew
it\",\"click_here_to_resume_it\":\"Click here to resume
it\",\"click_here_to_update_it\":\"Click here to update
it\",\"resume_membership\":\"Resume membership\",\"update_now\":\"Update
Now\",\"update_payment\":\"Update Payment\",\"you_canceled_your_free_trial\":\"You
canceled your free trial.\",\"your_account_is_at_risk\":\"Your account is at risk.
Update your payment information immediately to avoid losing access to your
subscription.\",\"your_credit_card_information_is_invalid_\":\"Your credit card
information is invalid.\",\"your_membership_is_on_hold\":\"Your membership is on
hold because of a problem with your last
payment.\",\"your_membership_is_paused_until_paused_until_date\":\"Your membership
is paused until {{paused_until_date}}.\",\"your_payment_is_overdue\":\"Your payment
is overdue. Fix your billing information to ensure continuous
service.\",\"your_paypal_information_is_invalid\":\"Your Paypal information is
invalid.\",\"your_scribd_gift_membership_has_ended\":\"Your Scribd gift membership
has ended.\",\"your_scribd_membership_has_expired\":\"Your Scribd membership has
expired.\",\"your_scribd_membership_was_canceled\":\"Your Scribd membership was
canceled.\"}},\"content_lengths\":{\"listening_minutes\":\"{{minutes}} min
listen\",\"reading_minutes\":\"{{minutes}} min read\"},\"content_preview\":
{\"available_on\":\"Available on {{date}}\",\"expiring_on\":\"Expiring on
{{date}}\",\"flags\":{\"expiring_soon\":\"Expiring
soon\",\"geo_restricted\":\"Unavailable\",\"not_available\":\"Unavailable\",\"throt
tled\":\"Available soon\"},\"geo_restricted\":\"Unavailable in your
country\",\"save\":{\"add\":\"Save for later\",\"remove\":\"Remove from
Saved\"},\"share\":\"Share\",\"social_media_share\":
{\"email\":\"Email\",\"pinterest\":\"Pinterest\",\"twitter\":\"Twitter\"},\"social_
media_share_modal\":{\"linked_copied\":\"Link copied\"},\"unavailable\":\"Currently
unavailable on Scribd\",\"view_titles_in_series\":\"View titles in
series\"},\"content_types\":
{\"article\":\"Article\",\"audiobook\":\"Audiobook\",\"audiobook_series\":\"Audiobo
ok
series\",\"audiobooks\":\"Audiobooks\",\"books\":\"Books\",\"document\":\"Document\
",\"documents\":\"Documents\",\"ebook\":\"Ebook\",\"ebook_series\":\"Ebook
series\",\"ebooks\":\"Ebooks\",\"magazine\":\"Magazine\",\"magazines\":\"Magazines\
",\"podcast\":\"Podcast\",\"podcast_episode\":\"Podcast
Episode\",\"podcasts\":\"Podcasts\",\"sheet_music\":\"Sheet
Music\",\"snapshot\":\"Snapshot\",\"snapshots\":\"Snapshots\",\"song\":\"Song\"},\"
doc_page\":{\"account_creation\":{\"get_instant_access_with_free_account\":\"Get
instant access to this document and millions more with a free
account.\",\"to_continue_reading_please_sign_in\":\"To continue reading, please
sign in\"},\"app_promo_interstitial\":{\"continue_for_free\":\"Continue For
Free\",\"trial_duration\":{\"unlock_full_access_to_the\":\"Unlock full access to
the world’s largest digital library with a {{trialDuration}} day free
trial.\"},\"upload_your_documents_or_subscribe\":\"Upload your documents or become
a Scribd member to unlock full access.\"},\"between_page_interstitial\":
{\"title_copy_subscribe_only_trial_duration\":\"Unlock full access (pages
{{startPage}}-{{endPage}}) with a {{trialDuration}} Day Free
Trial\",\"unlock_full_access\":{\"page_number_trial_duration\":\"Unlock full access
(page {{props_currentrange}}) by uploading documents or with a {{trialDuration}}
Day Free Trial\"},\"upload_or_subscribe_pages\":\"Upload your documents or become a
Scribd member to unlock full access (pages {{startPage}}-
{{endPage}}).\"},\"between_page_upsell\":{\"trial_duration\":
{\"try_scribd_strong_free_for\":\"Try Scribd
\\u003cstrong\\u003eFREE\\u003c/strong\\u003e for {{trialDuration}} days to access
over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions!\"}},\"between_pages\":
{\"referral_banner\":{\"get_30_free_days_when_you_invite_friends\":\"Get 30 days of
free Scribd membership when you invite your friends.\",\"invite_friends\":\"Invite
Friends\",\"invite_friends_to_join_scribd\":\"Invite friends to join
Scribd\",\"know_someone_else_who_could_use_doc_gift_60_free_days\":\"Know someone
else who could use this document? Gift them 60 days of free Scribd
membership.\",\"read_free_30_days\":\"Read free for 30
days.\",\"share_knowledge_with_friends\":\"Share knowledge with
friends.\"}},\"blur_promo\":{\"become_member_for_full_access\":\"Become a Scribd
member for full access.\",\"trial_duration\":{\"start_your_trial\":\"Start Your
{{trialDuration}} Day FREE Trial\"}},\"day_zero_lightbox\":{\"browse\":\"Browse our
most popular topics:\",\"did_you_know\":\"Did you know that you can read full-
length books on Scribd?\",\"included_in_subscription\":\"Included in your
subscription at no additional cost!\"},\"description_modal\":
{\"description\":\"Description\",\"flag_for\":\"Flag for inappropriate
content\"},\"drawer\":{\"visually_hidden\":{\"collapse_section\":\"Collapse
section\",\"expand_section\":\"Expand
section\"}},\"fixed_viewport_bottom_components\":
{\"check_out_these_free_titles\":\"Check out these free
titles\"},\"flag_document\":{\"flag_for_inappropriate_content\":\"Flag for
Inappropriate Content\"},\"flash\":{\"rating_not_saved_try_again\":\"Rating not
saved, please try again\"},\"incentivized_upload\":
{\"to_access_this_document_trial_duration\":\"To access this document, upload one
of yours, or subscribe with a {{trialDuration}} day free trial. Cancel
anytime.\",\"to_access_this_document_trial_duration_plural\":\"To access this
document, upload {{count}} of yours, or subscribe with a {{trialDuration}} day free
trial. Cancel anytime.\"},\"metadata\":{\"description\":
{\"collapse_text\":\"Less\",\"expand_text\":\"More\",\"original_description\":\"Ori
ginal Description\",\"visually_hidden_collapse_text\":\"Show less
description\",\"visually_hidden_expand_text\":\"Show more
description\"}},\"mobile_metadata\":{\"collapse_full_title\":\"Hide full
title\",\"expand_full_title\":\"Show full title\"},\"page\":
{\"preferred_language_set_to_url_params_language_settings_changed\":\"Preferred
language set to {{url_params_language_settings_changed}}\"},\"promo_drawer\":
{\"learn_more\":\"Learn more\",\"learn_more_mexico\":\"Find out
more\",\"library_in_your_pocket_mexico\":\"Discover thousands of audiobooks, books,
magazines and more\",\"millions_of_titles\":\"Millions of titles at your
fingertips\",\"price_sub_heading\":\"Only {{price}}/month. Cancel
anytime.\",\"price_sub_heading_mexico\":\"For only {{price}}/month. Cancel whenever
you want.\",\"what_is_scribd\":\"What is Scribd?\",\"what_is_scribd_mexico\":\"Your
curiosity is calling you\"},\"rate_drawer\":{\"not_useful\":\"Not
useful\",\"useful\":\"Useful\"},\"ratings\":{\"mark_as_not_useful\":\"Mark this
document as not useful\",\"mark_as_useful\":\"Mark this document as
useful\",\"no_ratings\":\"0 ratings\",\"num_votes\":\"({{count, locale}}
vote)\",\"num_votes_plural\":\"({{count, locale}}
votes)\",\"page_count\":\"{{count, locale}} page\",\"page_count_plural\":\"{{count,
locale}} pages\",\"percent_found_document_not_useful\":\"{{percentage}}% found this
document not useful\",\"percent_found_document_useful\":\"{{percentage}}% found
this document useful\",\"press_again_undo\":\"Press again to
undo.\",\"sign_up_to_rate_this_title\":\"Sign up to rate this
title\",\"you_marked_as_useful\":\"You marked this document as
useful\",\"you_marked_not_useful\":\"You marked this document as not
useful\"},\"recommender_list\":
{\"audiobook\":\"audiobook\",\"book\":\"book\",\"might_also_like\":\"You might also
like\",\"show_more\":\"Show more\"},\"share_drawer\":{\"copy_link\":\"Copy
Link\"},\"shared\":{\"components\":{\"modals\":{\"download\":
{\"download_as\":\"Download as:\"}}}},\"sharing_buttons\":
{\"link_copied_private_document\":\"Link Copied! \\u003cspan
class=\\\"link_copied_private_doc\\\"\\u003eNote: Sharing a public link to a
document marked private will allow others to view it.\\u003c/span\\
u003e\",\"not_supported_for_private_documents\":\"This feature is not supported for
private documents. If you want to share, select Copy Link, and send
the link to others.\"},\"toolbar\":
{\"download\":\"Download\",\"download_now\":\"Download now\"},\"truncate_promo\":
{\"read_and_download_full_documents\":\"Subscribers can read and download full
documents.\",\"restart_membership\":\"Restart membership\",\"trial_duration\":
{\"scribd_members_can_read\":\"Scribd members can read and download full documents.
Your first {{trialDuration}} days are
free!\"},\"unlock_full_access_when_subscribe\":\"Unlock full access when you
subscribe\"},\"upload_banner\":{\"copy\":\"Get this download for free with an
upload. Learn more below.\",\"copy_plural\":\"Get this download for free with
{{count}} uploads. Learn more below.\"}},\"explore\":{\"banner\":
{\"after_trial\":\"Only {{price}}/month after trial. \\u003cstrong\\u003eCancel
anytime.\\u003c/strong\\u003e\",\"subtitle\":\"Access 1,000,000+ full-length titles
online or offline with our \\u003ca href=\\\"{{ios_store_url}}\\\"
target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener noreferrer\\\"\\u003eiOS\\u003c/a\\u003e and
\\u003ca href=\\\"{{android_store_url}}\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener
noreferrer\\\"\\u003eAndroid\\u003c/a\\u003e apps, and enjoy free music and more
with our \\u003ca href=\\\"https://scribd.com/perks\\\"\\u003ePerks.\\u003c/a\\
u003e\"}},\"get_app_modal\":{\"link_sent_email\":\"Link sent! Please check your
email.\"},\"helpers\":{\"document_meta_tags\":
{\"scribd_is_the_world_s_largest_social\":\"Scribd is the world\'s largest social
reading and publishing site.\"}},\"home\":{\"logged_in\":{\"content_quickview\":
{\"also_available_as_an_audiobook\":\"Also available as an
audiobook\",\"also_available_as_an_ebook\":\"Also available as an
ebook\",\"byline\":{\"narrated_by\":\"narrated
by\"},\"close\":\"Close\",\"count_titles\":\"{{count}}
title\",\"count_titles_plural\":\"{{count}}
titles\",\"go_to_content_type_version\":\"Go to {{content_type}}
version\",\"loading\":\"Loading...\",\"more_about_this_episode\":\"More about this
episode\",\"more_about_this_issue\":\"More about this
issue\",\"more_about_this_series\":\"More about this
series\",\"more_about_this_summary\":\"More about this
summary\",\"oops_something_went_wrong\":\"Oops, something went
wrong\",\"view_all_articles\":\"View all articles\",\"view_all_episodes\":\"View
all episodes\",\"view_the_full_title_details\":\"View the full title
details\"}}},\"landing\":{\"hero\":{\"read_listen_anywhere_anytime\":\"Read or
listen anytime, anywhere.\"}},\"landing_pages\":{\"perks\":{\"bundles_category\":
{\"audio\":\"Music \\u0026
Audio\",\"education\":\"Education\",\"entertainment\":\"Entertainment\"}}},\"lib\":
{\"lightbox\":{\"close_dialog\":\"Close Dialog\"}},\"megamenu\":{\"hambur_menu\":
{\"get_our_free_apps\":\"Get our free apps\"},\"hamburger_menu\":
{\"close_menu\":\"Close menu\",\"sign_in_to_your_scribd_account\":\"Sign in to your
Scribd account\",\"welcome\":\"Welcome!\"},\"language\":
{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"change_language\":\"Change Language\"},\"language_links\":
{\"learn_more\":\"Learn more\"},\"language_picker_dropdown\":
{\"language\":\"Language\"},\"logged_out\":{\"user_menu\":
{\"welcome_to_scribd\":\"Welcome to Scribd!\"}},\"navigation\":
{\"categories\":\"Categories\",\"explore_content_type\":\"Explore
{{content_type}}\",\"opens_navigation_menu\":\"Open navigation
menu\"},\"search_bar\":{\"close_suggestions\":\"Close
suggestions\",\"no_results_found\":\"No search
results.\",\"num_results_are_available\":\"{{num_results}} result(s) are available,
use up and down arrow keys to navigate.\",\"recent_searches\":\"Recent
searches\",\"search\":\"Search\"},\"top_bar\":{\"upload\":\"Upload\"},\"upload\":
{\"upload_header\":\"Upload\"},\"user_menu\":{\"document_stats\":\"Document
stats\",\"document_uploads\":\"Document uploads\",\"faq_and_support\":\"FAQ and
support\",\"hi_name\":\"Hi {{name}}!\",\"invite_friends\":\"Invite
friends\",\"language\":\"Language
({{current_language}})\",\"public_profile\":\"Public
profile\",\"read_for_free\":\"Read for free\",\"scribd_perks\":\"Scribd
Perks\",\"visually_hidden_user_settings\":\"User Settings\",\"your_account\":\"Your
account\"},\"what_is_scribd_btn\":{\"what_is_scribd\":\"What is
Scribd?\"}},\"modals\":{\"add_to_list\":{\"save\":\"Save to list\",\"title\":\"Add
to list\"},\"confirm_unsave_item\":{\"title\":\"Remove title from Saved Library and
any saved lists?\"},\"confirm_unsave_item_in_list\":
{\"remove_from_your_lists\":\"Remove from your
lists?\",\"removing_from_saved\":\"Removing from Saved will also delete the title
from your lists.\",\"removing_this_title_from_saved\":\"Removing this title from
Saved will also remove it from your lists.\",\"title\":\"This title is also in a
list.\"},\"create_list\":{\"create_list\":\"Create
list\",\"failed_to_create_try_again\":\"Failed to create list, please try
again\",\"input_description\":{\"privacy_type\":\"No one except you can view this
list. Sharing will be disabled.\"},\"input_label\":{\"name\":\"What would you like
to name this list?\",\"privacy_type\":\"Make list private\"},\"title\":\"New
List\",\"validation_errors\":{\"name\":\"Please enter a list name\"}}},\"my\":
{},\"pdfs\":{\"doc_search\":{\"close_search\":\"close
search\",\"page\":\"page\"},\"lightboxes\":{\"download_lightbox\":
{\"download_document\":\"Download document\",\"resume_membership\":\"Resume
Membership\",\"resuming\":\"Resuming\",\"your_membership_is_currently_paused_until\
":\"Your membership is currently paused until {{state_nag_next_payment_due}}. Would
you like to resume your membership now to download\"},\"embed_lightbox\":
{\"autosize\":\"Autosize\",\"beginning_of_document\":\"Beginning of
document\",\"copy_link\":\"Copy Link\",\"current_page\":\"Current
page\",\"custom\":\"Custom\",\"customization_options_available_below\":\"Customizat
ion options available
below\",\"embed\":\"Embed\",\"embed_this_in_your_website\":\"Embed this in your
website\",\"format\":\"Format\",\"fullscreen\":\"Fullscreen\",\"generate_a_link\":\
"Generate a
Link\",\"height\":\"Height: \",\"html\":\"HTML\",\"link_options\":\"Link
Options\",\"link_to_the\":\"Link to
the\",\"options\":\"Options\",\"preview\":\"Preview\",\"scroll\":\"Scroll\",\"size\
":\"Size\",\"slideshow\":\"Slideshow\",\"start_at_page\":\"Start at
page:\",\"style\":\"Style:\",\"sup_sup_the_code_will_be_updated\":\"\\u003csup\\
u003e*\\u003c/sup\\u003e The code will be updated based on your
changes.\",\"width\":\"Width: \",\"wordpress\":\"Wordpress\"},\"flag_doc_lightbox\"
:{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"if_you_are_the_copyright_owner_html\":\"If you are the
copyright owner of this document and want to report it, please visit the \\u003ca
href=\'{{faq_urls_copyright_infringement}}\'\\u003ecopyright infringement notice\\
u003c/a\\u003e page to submit a
report.\",\"please_tell_us_reason_s_for_reporting\":\"Please tell us reason(s) for
reporting this document\",\"submit\":\"Submit\"},\"print_lightbox\":
{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"download_and_print\":\"Download and
print\",\"in_order_to_print_this_document_\":\"In order to print this document from
Scribd, you\'ll first need to download it.\",\"print_document\":\"Print
document\"}},\"redesign_elements\":{\"actions\":
{\"embed\":\"Embed\",\"print\":\"Print\",\"share\":\"Share\"},\"metadata_section\":
{\"full_description\":\"Full description\",\"related_titles\":\"Related
titles\"},\"more_info_module\":{\"document_information\":\"Document
Information\"}},\"show\":{\"related_interests\":\"Related
Interests\",\"sign_in_to_flag_this_title\":\"Sign in to flag this
title\",\"you_re_reading_a_preview\":\"You\'re Reading a Preview\"},\"sidebar\":
{\"available_formats\":\"Available
Formats\",\"click_to_collapse_document_information\":\"click to collapse document
information\",\"click_to_expand_document_information\":\"click to expand document
information\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright:\",\"copyright_no_colon\":\"Copyright\",\"d
escription\":\"Description:\",\"description_no_colon\":\"Description\",\"document_u
seful_message\":\"Did you find this document
useful?\",\"download_or_read_formats\":\"{{extensions}} or read online from
Scribd\",\"is_this_inappropriate_content\":\"Is this content
inappropriate?\",\"isbn\":\"ISBN:\",\"isbn_no_colon\":\"ISBN\",\"report_this_docume
nt\":\"Report this Document\",\"share_or_embed_document\":\"Share or Embed
Document\",\"strong_download_strong_as_available_extensions_map_upcase_join_or_read
_online\":\"\\u003cstrong\\u003eDownload\\u003c/strong\\u003e as
{{available_extensions_map_upcase_join}} or read online from
Scribd\",\"uploaded_by\":\"Uploaded by\",\"view_more\":\"View
More\",\"written_by\":\"Written by\"},\"toolbar\":{\"exit_fullscreen\":\"Exit
fullscreen\",\"fullscreen\":\"Fullscreen\",\"of_numberformat_props_document_total_p
ages\":\"of
{{numberformat_props_document_total_pages}}\",\"search_document\":\"Search
document\",\"showing_strong_1_strong_result_for_query\":\"Showing \\u003cstrong\\
u003e1\\u003c/strong\\u003e result
for\",\"showing_strong_num_results_strong_results_for_query\":\"Showing \\
u003cstrong\\u003e{{num_results}}\\u003c/strong\\u003e results
for\",\"you_are_on_page_props_current_page\":\"You are on page
{{props_current_page}}\",\"zoom_in\":\"Zoom in\",\"zoom_out\":\"Zoom
out\"},\"upvote\":{\"not_useful\":\"Not useful\",\"sign_up_to_vote_on_this\":\"Sign
up to vote on this title\",\"this_document_is\":\"This document
is...\",\"useful\":\"Useful\"}},\"privacy_policy_modal\":{\"accept\":\"Accept and
continue\",\"details_below\":\"You can read the details below. By accepting, you
agree to the updated privacy policy.\",\"thank_you\":\"Thank
you!\",\"title\":\"We\'ve updated our privacy policy.\",\"try_again\":\"We’ve
encountered a problem, please try again.\",\"updated_privacy_policy\":\"We’ve
updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy
regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use
your data. \",\"view_policy\":\"View updated
privacy policy\"},\"promos\":{\"annual_offer\":{\"current_plan\":\"Current
plan\",\"immerse\":\"Immerse yourself all year round\",\"read_more\":\"Read more.
Save more.\",\"save_percent\":\"Save {{value}}%\",\"switch_plan\":\"Switch
plan\",\"terms_footer_html\":\"You will be charged the annual fee of {{price}} on
{{date}} when you click \\\"Switch plan.\\\" View our \\u003ca class=\'terms_link\'
target=\\\"_blank\\\" href={{href}}\\u003eterms of service\\u003c/a\\
u003e.\"}},\"receipt\":{\"download\":{\"choose_document_format_type\":\"Choose
document format type:\",\"document\":\"Document\",\"download_iframe\":\"Download
iframe\",\"downloading\":\"Downloading\",\"retry_download\":\"Retry
download\",\"view_in_saved_list\":\"View in your Saved list\"}},\"saved\":
{\"list_item_controls\":{\"create_list\":\"Create List\"}},\"search\":
{\"pagination\":{\"next\":\"next\",\"previous\":\"previous\"},\"results\":
{\"reading_list\":\"Reading List\"}},\"shared\":{\"account_creation\":
{\"add_note_sign_in\":\"To add a note, please sign in\",\"add_note_sign_up\":\"To
add a note, please sign up\",\"already_have_an_account\":\"Already have an
account?\",\"annotate_document_sign_in\":\"To annotate this document, please sign
in\",\"annotate_document_sign_up\":\"To annotate this document, please sign
up\",\"annotate_sign_in\":\"To annotate, please sign
in\",\"back_to_sign_in\":\"Back to sign in\",\"continue_reading_sign_in\":\"To
continue reading, please sign in\",\"continue_reading_sign_up\":\"To continue
reading, please sign up\",\"create_bookmark_sign_in\":\"To create a bookmark,
please sign in\",\"create_bookmark_sign_up\":\"To create a bookmark, please sign
up\",\"creating_your_account\":\"Creating your account...\",\"disclaimer\":\"By
signing up with Scribd, you agree to our \\u003ca href=\\\"{{terms_href}}\\\"
target=\\\"_blank\\\" tabIndex=\\\"0\\\"\\u003eTerms of Service
{{opens_in_new_window}}\\u003c/a\\u003e and \\u003ca href=\\\"{{privacy_href}}\\\"
target=\\\"_blank\\\" tabIndex=\\\"0\\\"\\u003ePrivacy Policy
{{opens_in_new_window}}\\u003c/a\\u003e\",\"download_document_sign_in\":\"To
download this document, please sign in\",\"download_document_sign_up\":\"To
download this document, please sign up\",\"errors\":
{\"connection_successful_no_email\":\"We\'ve successfully connected your
{{account_type}} account but didn\'t get your email. Please provide your email so
we can finish setting up your account.\",\"email_registered\":\"This email address
is already registered with Scribd. Please enter your password to sign
in.\",\"email_taken\":\"That email is taken by another user, please try
again.\",\"invalid_character_in_name_please_remove\":\"Invalid character in name.
Please remove any special characters\",\"please_enter_a_name\":\"Please enter a
name\",\"please_enter_a_password_that_is\":\"Please enter a password that is at
least 8 characters\",\"please_enter_a_valid_email\":\"Please enter a valid
email\",\"that_doesn_t_appear_to_be_a\":\"That doesn\'t appear to be a valid email
address. Please try again.\"},\"facebook\":{\"error\":\"Sorry, we are unable to log
you in via Facebook at this time.\",\"sign_in\":\"Continue with
Facebook\",\"sign_up\":\"Sign up with Facebook\"},\"flag_document_sign_in\":\"To
flag this document, please sign in\",\"flag_document_sign_up\":\"To flag this
document, please sign up\",\"forgot\":{\"enter_email\":\"Enter your email address
and we\'ll send you an email with a link to reset your
password.\",\"weve_sent_email_html\":\"We\'ve sent an email to \\u003cstrong\\
u003e{{escape_validated_email}}\\u003c/strong\\u003e with instructions to reset
your password. If it doesn\'t show up soon, check your spam folder and then read
this \\u003ca href=\\\"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210134406-What-do-I-
do-if-I-ve-lost-or-forgotten-my-password-\\\"\\u003eHelp Center article\\u003c/a\\
u003e.\"},\"forgot_password\":\"Forgot password?\",\"give_gift_sign_in\":\"To give
this gift, please sign in\",\"give_gift_sign_up\":\"To give this gift, please sign
up\",\"google\":{\"error\":\"Google sign in failed\",\"sign_in\":\"Continue with
Google\",\"sign_up\":\"Sign up with Google\"},\"highlight_document_sign_in\":\"To
highlight this document, please sign in\",\"highlight_document_sign_up\":\"To
highlight this document, please sign up\",\"join_today_to_start_reading\":\"Join
today to start reading\",\"logging_you_in\":\"Logging you in...\",\"not_you\":\"Not
you?\",\"now_bringing_you_back\":\"Now bringing you
back...\",\"one_more_thing\":\"One more
thing...\",\"people_browsing_scribd_html\":\"\\u003cspan\\u003e{{count, locale}}
person\\u003c/span\\u003e browsing Scribd right
now\",\"people_browsing_scribd_html_plural\":\"\\u003cspan\\u003e{{count, locale}}
people\\u003c/span\\u003e browsing Scribd right
now\",\"rate_document_sign_in\":\"To rate this document, please sign
in\",\"rate_document_sign_up\":\"To rate this document, please sign
up\",\"recaptcha_disclaimer\":\"This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the
Google \\u003ca href=\\\"{{privacy_href}}\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\\u003ePrivacy
Policy {{opens_in_new_window}}\\u003c/a\\u003e and \\u003ca
href=\\\"{{policy_href}}\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\\u003eTerms of Service
{{opens_in_new_window}}\\u003c/a\\u003e apply.\",\"redeem_offer_sign_in\":\"To
redeem this offer, please sign in\",\"redeem_offer_sign_up\":\"To redeem this
offer, please sign up\",\"remember_me\":\"Remember me\",\"reset_password\":\"Reset
password\",\"save_document_sign_in\":\"To save this document, please sign
in\",\"save_document_sign_up\":\"To save this document, please sign
up\",\"send_me_updates_from_scribd\":\"Send me updates from
Scribd\",\"share_quote_sign_in\":\"To share this quote, please sign
in\",\"share_quote_sign_up\":\"To share this quote, please sign
up\",\"sign_in\":\"Sign in\",\"sign_in_add_note\":\"To add a note, please sign
in\",\"sign_in_bookmark\":\"To create a bookmark, please sign
in\",\"sign_in_create_list\":\"To create a list, please sign
in\",\"sign_in_download\":\"To download, please sign in\",\"sign_in_follow\":\"To
follow, please sign in\",\"sign_in_give_gift\":\"To give this gift, please sign
in\",\"sign_in_highlight\":\"To highlight, please sign in\",\"sign_in_rate\":\"To
rate, please sign in\",\"sign_in_redeem\":\"To redeem, please sign
in\",\"sign_in_review\":\"To review, please sign in\",\"sign_in_save\":\"To save,
please sign in\",\"sign_in_share_quote\":\"To share this quote, please sign
in\",\"sign_in_start_months\":\"To start your free {{count}} month, please sign
in\",\"sign_in_start_months_plural\":\"To start your free {{count}} months, please
sign in\",\"sign_in_successful\":\"Sign in
successful\",\"sign_in_to_scribd\":\"Sign in to Scribd\",\"sign_in_upload\":\"To
upload, please sign in\",\"sign_in_with_email\":\"Sign in with
email\",\"sign_up\":\"Sign up\",\"sign_up_add_note_this_title\":\"Sign up to add a
note to this title.\",\"sign_up_annotate\":\"Sign up to
annotate.\",\"sign_up_continue_reading_this_title\":\"Sign up to continue reading
this title.\",\"sign_up_create_bookmark_this_title\":\"Sign up to create a
bookmark.\",\"sign_up_create_list_this_title\":\"Sign up to create a
list.\",\"sign_up_download_this_title\":\"Sign up to download this
title.\",\"sign_up_follow_magazine_this_title\":\"Sign up to follow this
magazine.\",\"sign_up_free_months_this_title\":\"Sign up to start your free
{{count}} month.\",\"sign_up_free_months_this_title_plural\":\"Sign up to start
your free {{count}} months.\",\"sign_up_give_gift_this_title\":\"Sign up to give
this gift.\",\"sign_up_highlight_this_title\":\"Sign up to
highlight.\",\"sign_up_or_sign_in\":\"Sign up or sign in\",\"sign_up_save\":\"To
save, please create a Scribd account\",\"sign_up_save_this_title\":\"Sign up to
save this title.\",\"sign_up_share_quote_this_title\":\"Sign up to share a quote
from this title.\",\"sign_up_successful\":\"Sign up
successful\",\"sign_up_to_rate_title\":\"Sign up to rate this
title\",\"sign_up_to_review_title\":\"Sign up to review this
title\",\"sign_up_with_email\":\"Sign up with
email\",\"signup_to_redeem_offer\":\"Sign up to redeem
offer\",\"start_free_months_sign_in\":\"To start your free {{count}} month, please
sign in\",\"start_free_months_sign_in_plural\":\"To start your free {{count}}
months, please sign in\",\"start_free_months_sign_up\":\"To start your free
{{count}} month, please sign up\",\"start_free_months_sign_up_plural\":\"To start
your free {{count}} months, please sign up\",\"upload_document_sign_in\":\"To
upload a document, please sign in\",\"upload_document_sign_up\":\"To upload a
document, please sign up\",\"use_another_email_address\":\"Use another email
address\"},\"actions\":{\"read_continue\":\"Continue
reading\",\"read_preview\":\"Read preview\"},\"bundles_promo\":{\"cta\":\"See
Perks\",\"discover_the_perks_of_membership_title\":\"Discover the perks of
membership\",\"see_our_membership_perks_cta\":\"See our membership
perks\",\"subtitle\":\"Your Scribd subscription gets you lots of other great
services. 100% free.\",\"title\":\"Free Scribd Perks\"},\"byline\":
{\"and\":\"and\",\"by\":\"By\",\"published_by\":\"Published
by\",\"written_by\":\"Written by\"},\"carousels\":{\"carousel_next\":\"Carousel
Next\",\"carousel_previous\":\"Carousel Previous\",\"skip_carousel\":\"Skip
carousel\"},\"common\":{\"added_by\":\"Added
by\",\"back\":\"Back\",\"back_to_top\":\"Back to
top\",\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"close_dialog\":\"Close
dialog\",\"delete\":\"Delete\",\"description\":\"Description\",\"do_not_ask_me_agai
n\":\"Do not ask me again\",\"download\":\"Download\",\"email_address\":\"Email
address\",\"error\":\"Error\",\"errors\":{\"could_not_complete_request\":\"We
couldn\'t complete your request\",\"failed_to_load\":\"Failed to load, try
again\",\"failed_to_remove_title\":\"Failed to remove
title\",\"failed_to_save_review\":\"Your review was not saved. Please
try again.\",\"failed_to_save_review_vote\":\"Your vote was not saved. Please try
again.\",\"failed_to_save_title\":\"Failed to save
title\",\"please_try_again_later\":\"Please try again later.\"},\"forms\":
{\"at_least_8_characters\":\"(at least 8
characters)\",\"email\":\"Email\",\"error\":\"Error\",\"invalid\":\"Invalid\",\"inv
alid_email\":\"Please enter a valid
email\",\"name\":\"Name\",\"optional\":\"(optional)\",\"password\":\"Password\",\"p
lease_enter_a_password\":\"Please enter a
password\",\"please_enter_an_email\":\"Please enter an
email\",\"required\":\"(required)\"},\"hide\":\"Hide\",\"included_in_your_subscript
ion\":\"Included in your
subscription\",\"info\":\"Information\",\"issue\":\"Issue\",\"key_insights\":\"Key
insights from\",\"learn_more\":\"Learn more\",\"length\":\"Length\",\"library\":
{\"add_to_list\":{\"success_message\":\"Added to
{{collection_name}}\"},\"add_with_title\":\"Save {{title}} for
later\",\"remove_with_title\":\"Remove {{title}} from
saved\",\"sign_up_to_save\":\"Sign up to save this title\"},\"listen_now\":\"Listen
now\",\"load_more\":\"Load more\",\"more_about_this_title\":\"More about this
title\",\"new_to_scribd\":\"New to Scribd?\",\"no_thanks\":\"No
thanks\",\"notice\":\"Notice\",\"opens_in_a_new_window\":\"opens in a new
window\",\"or\":\"or\",\"per_month\":\"per
month\",\"preferred_language_set_to_language\":\"Preferred language set to
{{language}}\",\"progress\":
{\"listened\":\"listened\",\"read\":\"read\"},\"read_count\":\"{{count}}
read\",\"read_count_plural\":\"{{count}} reads\",\"read_more\":\"Read
more\",\"read_now\":\"Read now\",\"related_categories\":\"Related
categories\",\"remove\":\"Remove\",\"remove_from_saved\":\"Remove from
Saved\",\"removed_from_saved\":\"Removed from
Saved\",\"removed_from_your_saved_list\":\"Removed from your saved
list.\",\"restart_subscription\":\"Restart
subscription\",\"resume_subscription\":\"Resume
subscription\",\"save\":\"Save\",\"save_for_later\":\"Save for
later\",\"saved\":\"Saved\",\"selected\":\"(selected)\",\"send_email\":\"Send
email\",\"share_on\":{\"email\":\"Share via email\",\"email_mail_client\":\"Share
with email, opens mail client\",\"facebook\":\"Share on
Facebook\",\"facebook_new_window\":\"Share on Facebook, opens a new
window\",\"linkedin\":\"Share on LinkedIn\",\"linkedin_new_window\":\"Share on
LinkedIn, opens a new window\",\"pinterest\":\"Share on
Pinterest\",\"pinterest_new_window\":\"Share on Pinterest, opens a new
window\",\"twitter\":\"Share on Twitter\",\"twitter_new_window\":\"Share on
Twitter, opens a new window\"},\"show\":\"Show\",\"sign_in\":\"Sign
in\",\"sign_out\":\"Sign
out\",\"songbook\":\"Songbook\",\"start_your_subscription\":\"Start your
subscription\",\"success\":\"Success\",\"success_exclamation\":\"Success!\",\"title
_author_separator\":\"by\",\"undo\":\"Undo\",\"undo_title_removed_from_saved\":\"Un
do {{title}} removed from Saved\",\"uploaded_by\":\"Uploaded
by\",\"welcome_back\":\"Welcome back\",\"welcome_back_exclamation\":\"Welcome
back!\",\"worlds_fascinating_library\":\"The world\'s most fascinating
library\"},\"competitor_matrix\":{\"last_updated_aug\":\"Last updated on August 5,
2021\",\"million_ebooks\":\"1,000,000+
ebooks\",\"million_magazine_news_articles\":\"1,000,000+ magazine \\u0026 news
articles\",\"no\":\"No\",\"thousands_audiobooks\":\"200,000+
audiobooks\",\"title\":\"See why readers choose
Scribd\",\"yes\":\"Yes\"},\"content_lengths\":{\"articles_with_count\":\"{{count,
locale}} article\",\"articles_with_count_plural\":\"{{count, locale}}
articles\",\"hour_with_count\":\"{{count, locale}}
hour\",\"hour_with_count_plural\":\"{{count, locale}}
hours\",\"minute_with_count\":\"{{count, locale}}
minute\",\"minute_with_count_plural\":\"{{count, locale}}
minutes\",\"page_with_count\":\"{{count, locale}}
page\",\"page_with_count_plural\":\"{{count, locale}}
pages\",\"songs_with_count\":\"{{count, locale}}
song\",\"songs_with_count_plural\":\"{{count, locale}} songs\"},\"content_types\":
{\"series\":\"Series\"},\"doc_download_modal\":{\"check_out_these\":\"Check out
these other great titles\",\"download_as\":\"Download
as:\",\"download_document\":\"Download document\",\"download_iframe\":\"Download
iframe\",\"download_started\":\"Your download has
started\",\"membership_paused_html\":\"Your membership is currently paused until
{{resumeMembershipDate}}. Would you like to resume your membership now to
download \\u003cem\\u003e{{title}}\\u003c/em\\u003e?\",\"not_available\":\"This
document is not available for download\",\"uploaded\":\"Uploaded
By\"},\"doc_preview\":{\"views\":\"{{formatted_views}} views\"},\"errors\":
{\"something_went_wrong\":\"Something went wrong, please try again.\"},\"footer\":
{\"about\":\"About\",\"about_scribd\":\"About
Scribd\",\"accessibility\":\"Accessibility\",\"contact_us\":\"Contact
us\",\"cookie_preferences\":\"Cookie
Preferences\",\"copyright\":\"Copyright\",\"copyright_copy_current_year_scribd\":\"
Copyright \\u0026copy; {{currentYear}} Scribd Inc.\",\"footer_menu\":\"Footer
menu\",\"gifts\":\"Gifts\",\"help_faq\":\"Help / FAQ\",\"invite_friends\":\"Invite
friends\",\"join_our_team_exclamation\":\"Join our
team!\",\"legal\":\"Legal\",\"our_blog\":\"Our
blog\",\"press\":\"Press\",\"privacy\":\"Privacy\",\"publishers\":\"Publishers\",\"
purchase_help\":\"Purchase help\",\"scribd_-_download_on_the_app_store\":\"Scribd -
Download on the App Store\",\"scribd_-_get_it_on_google_play\":\"Scribd - Get it on
Google Play\",\"scribd_-_get_it_on_kindle_fire\":\"Scribd for Kindle
Fire\",\"scribd_for_enterprise\":\"Scribd for
enterprise\",\"social\":\"Social\",\"support\":\"Support\",\"terms\":\"Terms\"},\"g
et_app_modal\":{\"an_error_occurred_please_try_again\":\"An error occurred please
try again\",\"an_error_occurred_please_try_an\":\"An error occurred please try an
email\",\"enter_your_email\":\"Enter your
email\",\"enter_your_phone_or_email\":\"Enter your phone or
email\",\"get_the_app_to_read_and_listen\":\"Get the app to read and listen
anytime, anywhere.\",\"link_sent_please_check_your_mobile\":\"Link sent! Please
check your mobile device\",\"listen_offline_with_app\":\"Listen offline with the
app\",\"phone_or_email\":\"Phone or email\",\"please_enter_a_valid_email\":\"Please
enter a valid email\",\"please_enter_a_valid_phone_number\":\"Please enter a valid
phone number\",\"please_enter_a_valid_phone_number_or_email\":\"Please enter a
valid phone number or email\",\"read_offline_with_app\":\"Read offline with the
app\",\"send\":\"Send\"},\"ie11_notice_html\":\"Starting in 2021, support for this
browser will no longer be available. To learn more, \\u003ca
href=\\\"https://www.scribd.com/contact\\\"\\u003econtact us\\u003c/a\\
u003e.\",\"listen_button\":{\"listen_continue\":\"Continue
listening\",\"listen_start\":\"Start listening\"},\"lists\":
{\"curated_by\":\"Curated by\",\"curated_by_scribd_editors\":\"Curated by Scribd
Editors\",\"view_total_titles\":\"View {{count}}
title\",\"view_total_titles_plural\":\"View {{count}} titles\"},\"loading_button\":
{\"tooltip_content\":{\"loading\":\"Loading...\"}},\"login\":{\"join_lightbox\":
{\"email\":\"Email\",\"we_couldn_t_complete_your_request\":\"We couldn\'t complete
your request\"}},\"mobile_bottom_navigation_tabs\":{\"active\":\",
active\",\"home\":\"Home\",\"quick_navigation\":\"Quick
navigation\"},\"navigation\":{\"sidebar\":{\"selected\":\",
selected\"}},\"play_sample_button\":{\"pause\":\"Pause\",\"play_sample\":\"Play
sample\"},\"podcast_episode\":{\"from\":\"From\"},\"podcast_series\":
{\"num_episodes\":\"{{ count }} episode\",\"num_episodes_plural\":\"{{ count }}
episodes\",\"num_podcast_episodes\":\"{{count, locale}} podcast
episode\",\"num_podcast_episodes_plural\":\"{{count, locale}} podcast
episodes\"},\"promos\":{\"annual_offer\":{\"about_annual_plan\":\"About the Annual
Plan\",\"annual\":\"Annual\",\"annual_membership\":\"Annual
Membership\",\"billed_annually_for_amount\":\"Billed annually for
{{annual_price}}\",\"billed_monthly\":\"Billed monthly\",\"choose_plan\":\"Choose
the plan that\'s right for you\",\"current_plan\":\"Current
Plan\",\"monthly\":\"Monthly\",\"monthly_membership\":\"Monthly
Membership\",\"our_best_value\":\"Our best value\",\"plan_change_failed\":\"Plan
change failed.\",\"price_per_month\":\"Pay only {{annual_plan_monthly_price}}/month
with annual billing.\",\"save_20_on_membership\":\"Save on your
membership\",\"switch_plan\":\"Switch Plan\",\"upgrade_to_annual\":\"Upgrade to
Annual\",\"you_will_be_charged_raw\":\"You will be charged {{annual_plan_price}} at
the end of your free trial on {{next_billing_date}} when you click Switch Plan.
View our \\u003ca href=\\\"https://support.scribd.com/hc/articles/210129326-
General-Terms-of-Use\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\"\\u003eterms of service\\u003c/a\\
u003e.\",\"youre_all_set_html\":\"You\'re all set! You’ve updated your plan. \\
u003ca href={{account_settings_url}}\\u003eView your plan\\u003c/a\\u003e in your
account.\"}},\"react\":{\"button_menu\":{\"close_menu\":\"Close menu\"},\"modals\":
{\"delete_item_in_list\":
{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"delete\":\"Delete\",\"do_not_ask_me_again\":\"Do not ask
me again\",\"removing_from_saved_will_also_delete\":\"Removing from Saved will also
delete the title from your lists.\",\"this_title_is_also_in_a\":\"This title is
also in a list.\"}},\"save_button\":{\"failed_to_remove_title\":\"Failed to remove
title\",\"failed_to_save_title\":\"Failed to save
title\",\"remove_short_title_from_saved\":\"Remove {{short_title}} from
Saved\",\"save_short_title_for_later\":\"Save {{short_title}} For
Later\",\"sign_up_to_save\":\"Sign up to save this title\"},\"sharing_buttons\":
{\"check_out_props_share_title_on_scribd\":\"Check out {{props_share_title}} on
Scribd\",\"i_m_reading_props_document_collection_name_on_scribd_props_document_coll
ection_url\":\"I’m reading {{props_document_collection_name}} on Scribd:
{{props_document_collection_url}}\",\"read_props_document_collection_name_on_scribd
\":\"Read
{{props_document_collection_name}} on Scribd\",\"share_on_facebook\":\"Share on
Facebook\",\"share_on_facebook_opens_a_new\":\"Share on Facebook, opens a new
window\",\"share_on_linkedin\":\"Share on
LinkedIn\",\"share_on_linkedin_opens_a_new\":\"Share on LinkedIn, opens a new
window\",\"share_on_pinterest\":\"Share on
Pinterest\",\"share_on_pinterest_opens_a_new\":\"Share on Pinterest, opens a new
window\",\"share_on_twitter\":\"Share on
Twitter\",\"share_on_twitter_opens_a_new\":\"Share on Twitter, opens a new
window\",\"share_with_email\":\"Share with
Email\",\"share_with_email_opens_mail_client\":\"Share with Email, opens mail
client\",\"sharing_options\":\"Sharing Options\"}},\"reading_progress\":{\"base\":
{\"we_ve_moved_you_to_where_you\":\"We\'ve moved you to where you read on your
{{progress_device_name}}\"}},\"resume_membership\":\"Resume
subscription\",\"save_button\":
{\"save\":\"Save\",\"saved\":\"Saved\"},\"sharing_buttons\":
{\"hi_there_document_action_and_thought_you\":\"Hi there, {{document_action}} and
thought you might like it. {{document_title}} by
{{document_author_or_publisher_name_or_login}} {{doc_url}} Scribd gives you monthly
access to books, audiobooks, and more - for less than the cost of a paperback. Join
today and {{trial_cta_downcase}}. Find out more at:
http://www.scribd.com/\",\"i_m_reading_document_title_on_suffix\":\"I’m reading
{{document_title}} on {{suffix}}\"},\"skip_link\":{\"skip_content\":\"Skip
content\"},\"social_buttons\":{\"scribd_on_facebook_aria_label\":\"Scribd on
Facebook\",\"scribd_on_instagram_aria_label\":\"Scribd on
Instagram\",\"scribd_on_pinterest_aria_label\":\"Scribd on
Pinterest\",\"scribd_on_twitter_aria_label\":\"Scribd on
Twitter\"},\"star_ratings\":{\"clear_rating\":\"Clear
rating\",\"i_didnt_like_it_at_all\":\"I didn\'t like it at
all\",\"i_didnt_like_it_that_much\":\"I didn\'t like it that
much\",\"i_liked_it\":\"I liked it\",\"i_loved_it\":\"I loved
it\",\"i_thought_it_was_ok\":\"I thought it was
OK\",\"rate_as_rating_out_of_5\":\"Rate as {{value}} out of
5\",\"rating_rating_to_display_out_of_5_stars\":\"Rating: {{ratingToDisplay}} out
of 5
stars\",\"ratings\":\"rating\",\"ratings_plural\":\"ratings\",\"saved\":\"Saved!\",
\"selected\":\"(selected)\",\"user_rating_star_rating_saved\":\"{{userRating}} star
rating saved\"},\"start_exploring\":\"Start exploring\",\"text_links\":
{\"all_categories\":\"All categories\",\"related_authors\":\"Related
authors\",\"view_all_categories_in_category\":\"View all categories in
{{category}}\",\"view_fewer\":\"View fewer\",\"view_more\":\"View
More\"},\"time_remaining\":{\"hours\":\"{{count}} hr
left\",\"hours_plural\":\"{{count}} hrs left\",\"minutes\":\"{{count}} min
left\",\"minutes_plural\":\"{{count}} mins left\",\"pages\":\"{{count}} page
left\",\"pages_plural\":\"{{count}} pages left\"},\"trial_duration\":
{\"first_days_free\":\"Your first {{trialDuration}} days are
free.\",\"read_free_days\":\"Read free for {{trialDuration}}
days\",\"start_trial_days\":\"Start your free {{trialDuration}}
days\",\"upload_for_free_days\":\"Unlock full access (pages {{startPage}}-
{{endPage}}) by uploading documents or with a {{trialDuration}} day free
trial\"},\"trust_banner\":{\"holiday_gift\":{\"days_left_title\":\"Only {{count}}
day left in our holiday gift sale!\",\"days_left_title_plural\":\"Only {{count}}
days left in our holiday gift sale!\",\"everyday_title\":\"Scribd: give the gift
they\'ll open every day\",\"shop_subscriptions\":\"Shop
subscriptions\"}}},\"slideshare\":{\"accessibility\":{\"logo\":\"SlideShare, a
Scribd company\"},\"checkout\":{\"hero_banner_title\":\"Your SlideShare
document\"},\"join\":{\"already_have_scribd_account\":\"Already have a Scribd
account?\",\"create_account\":\"Create a Scribd account to
continue\",\"get_instant_access\":\"Get instant access to millions of documents,
ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts, and more. All in one
subscription.\",\"need_account_sign_in_slideshare\":\"You can use this account to
access SlideShare and Scribd.\",\"to_continue_reading\":\"To continue reading on
SlideShare, sign up for a {{trialDuration}} day free Scribd
trial\",\"trial_duration\":\"To download on SlideShare, sign up for a
{{trialDuration}} day free Scribd trial\"},\"login\":{\"sign_in\":\"Sign in with
your Scribd account to continue\"}},\"subscribe_banner\":
{\"books_audiobooks_and_more\":\"Books, audiobooks, and more.\"},\"webpack\":
{\"doc_page\":{\"src\":{\"App\":{\"Page\":{\"BetweenPageInterstitial\":
{\"BetweenPageInterstitial\":{\"continue_for_free\":\"Continue for
Free\",\"you_re_reading_a_preview\":\"You\'re reading a
preview\"}},\"BetweenPageUpsell\":{\"BetweenPageUpsell\":
{\"cancel_anytime\":\"Cancel Anytime.\",\"start_free_trial\":\"Start Free
Trial\"}},\"BetweenPageUserRating\":{\"BetweenPageUserRating\":
{\"dismiss_user_rating_prompt\":\"Dismiss user rating
prompt\",\"improve_your_experience\":\"Improve Your
Experience\",\"rating_will_help_us_to_suggest\":\"Rating will help us to suggest
even better related documents to all of our readers!\"}},\"BlurPromo\":
{\"BlurPromo\":{\"become_a_scribd_member_to_read\":\"Become a Scribd member to read
and download full documents.\",\"cancel_anytime\":\"Cancel
anytime\",\"continue_for_free\":\"Continue for
Free\",\"continue_reading_with_trial\":\"Continue Reading with
Trial\",\"or\":\"Or\",\"update_payment\":\"Update
Payment\",\"update_payment_for_full_access\":\"Update payment for full
access.\",\"upload_to_download\":\"Upload to
Download\",\"upload_your_documents_to_download\":\"Upload your documents to
download.\"}},\"Body\":{\"Body\":{\"share_this_document\":\"Share this
document\"},\"Document\":{\"mappings\":{\"thank_you_for_your_rating\":\"Thank you
for your rating!\"}},\"FixedViewportBottomComponents\":{\"CollapseButton\":
{\"CollapseButton\":{\"click_to_collapse_related_titles\":\"Click to collapse
Related Titles\",\"click_to_expand_related_titles\":\"Click to expand Related
Titles\"}},\"ViewInStorePromo\":{\"ViewInStorePromo\":{\"get_our_free_app\":\"Get
our free app\",\"get_scribd_for_your_mobile_device\":\"Get Scribd for your mobile
device.\"}}},\"Metadata\":{\"Extra\":{\"Extra\":{\"original_title\":\"Original
Title:\",\"original_title_no_colon\":\"Original Title\"}}},\"ShareRow\":
{\"SharingButtons\":{\"mappings\":{\"link_copied\":\"Link
copied!\"}}},\"SharingButtonsList\":{\"SharingButtonsList\":{\"copy_link\":\"Copy
Link\",\"share_on_facebook\":\"Share on Facebook\",\"share_on_linkedin\":\"Share on
LinkedIn\",\"share_on_pinterest\":\"Share On
Pinterest\",\"share_on_twitter\":\"Share on Twitter\",\"share_via_email\":\"Share
via Email\"}},\"StaticPromoStudy\":{\"StaticPromoStudy\":
{\"anytime_anywhere_any_device\":\"Anytime. Anywhere. Any
device.\",\"cancel_anytime\":\"Cancel
Anytime\",\"everything_you_want_to_read\":\"Everything you want to
read.\",\"no_commitment_cancel_anytime\":\"No Commitment. Cancel
anytime.\",\"read_for_free\":\"Read For Free\",\"reward_your_curiosity\":\"Reward
Your Curiosity\"}},\"Toolbar\":{\"Toolbar\":{\"jump_to_page\":\"Jump to
Page\"}},\"TruncatePromo\":{\"TruncatePromo\":
{\"continue_reading_with_trial\":\"Continue Reading with Trial\"},\"helpers\":
{\"constants\":{\"unlock_the_full_document_with_a\":\"Unlock the full document with
a free trial!\"}}}},\"annotations\":{\"AnnotationPopover\":{\"AnnotationPopover\":
{\"add_note\":\"Add
Note\",\"annotation_text_page_annotation_page_nread_more\":\"\\\"{{annotation_text}
}…\\\" (page {{annotation_page}})\\\\nRead
more:\",\"delete\":\"Delete\",\"highlight\":\"Highlight\",\"share_quote\":\"Share
Quote\"}},\"NoteEditor\":{\"NoteEditor\":{\"add_note\":\"Add
Note\",\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"delete_note\":\"Delete
note\",\"note\":\"Note\",\"note_note_group_notes_indexof_active_note_id_1_of_note_g
roup_notes_length\":\"Note {{note_group_notes_indexof_active_note_id_1}} of
{{note_group_notes_length}}\",\"save\":\"Save\",\"write_a_note\":\"Write a
note…\"}}},\"explain_scribd_test_copy\":
{\"trusted_by_over_1_million_members\":\"Trusted by over 1 million
members\"},\"modals\":{\"AppPromoInterstitial\":{\"AppPromoInterstitial\":
{\"continue_reading_with_free_trial\":\"Continue Reading with Free
Trial\",\"get_instant_access_to_this_document\":\"Get instant access to this
document\",\"opens_scribd_app\":\", opens Scribd
app\",\"or\":\"OR\",\"read_free_in_the_app\":\"Read Free in the
App\",\"sign_up_to_download\":\", sign up to download\"}},\"Description\":
{\"Description\":{\"document_information\":\"Document
Information\"}},\"LanguagePicker\":{\"LanguagePicker\":
{\"cancel\":\"Cancel\",\"language_options\":\"Language
Options\",\"save\":\"Save\",\"select_your_preferred_language\":\"Select your
preferred language\",\"we_ll_translate_site_navigation_and_tailor\":\"We’ll
translate site navigation and tailor your personal recommendations where possible
to match your preferred language
selection.\",\"we_ll_translate_site_navigation_to_match\":\"We’ll translate site
navigation to match your preferred language
selection.\"}},\"LockShockRoadblockModal\":{\"LockShockRoadblockModal\":
{\"later\":\"Later\",\"problem_with_your_last_payment\":\"Problem with your last
payment\",\"update_payment\":\"Update
Payment\",\"your_membership_is_on_hold_please\":\"Your membership is on hold
because of a problem with your last payment.\"}},\"SeoLightbox\":{\"SeoLightbox\":
{\"cancel_anytime\":\"Cancel anytime.\"}},\"ShareQuote\":{\"ShareQuote\":
{\"loved_this_quote_i_read_on\":\"Loved this quote I read on
@Scribd\",\"page_page\":\"(page {{page}})\",\"share_quote\":\"Share
Quote\"}}}}},\"body\":{\"sidebar\":{\"date_uploaded\":\"Date
uploaded\",\"on_created_at\":\"on {{created_at}}\"},\"toolbar\":
{\"search_inside_document\":\"Search inside document\"}},\"modals\":
{\"flag_document\":{\"hateful_or_offensive\":\"Hateful or
offensive\",\"please_select_an_option\":\"Please select an
option\",\"porn_adult_content\":\"Porn adult
content\",\"spam_or_junk\":\"Spam or junk\"}},\"shared\":{\"actions\":{\"modals\":
{\"redirecting\":\"Redirecting...\",\"unable_to_unpause_account_please_try\":\"Unab
le to unpause account. Please try again\"}},\"base_page\":
{\"an_error_occurred_please_try_again\":\"An error occurred please try
again\"},\"carousels\":{\"recommender_carousel\":{\"skip_carousel\":\"Skip
carousel\"}},\"components\":{\"flashes\":{\"Flash\":{\"Flash\":
{\"information\":\"information\"}}},\"modals\":{\"Download\":{\"Download\":
{\"also_added_to_your_saved_list\":\"Also added to your Saved
list\",\"also_adds_to_your_saved_list\":\"Also adds to your Saved
list\"},\"Receipt\":{\"InfiniteScrollingBestsellers\":
{\"InfiniteScrollingBestsellers\":{\"at_no_additional_cost\":\"At no additional
cost\",\"included_in_your_membership\":\"Included in your
membership!\",\"load_more\":\"Load More\"},\"SaveOnlyCell\":{\"SaveOnlyCell\":
{\"your_document\":\"Your document\"}}},\"Receipt\":
{\"uploaded_by_this_props_document_author_name\":\"Uploaded by
{{this_props_document_author_name}}\"}}}}},\"download_button\":{\"button\":
{\"download\":\"Download\"}},\"modals\":{\"download\":{\"download\":
{\"download_format_extension_touppercase_format_filesize\":\"Download
{{format_extension_touppercase}} ({{format_filesize}})\"}}},\"store\":{\"actions\":
{\"modals\":{\"subscribe_to_continue_reading\":\"Subscribe to Continue
Reading\"}}}}}}}}}}");Scribd.e2e_enabled = false;</script><script
type="text/javascript" src="https://cmp.osano.com/AzZdHGSGtpxCq1Cpt/4e10b135-d113-
4574-a477-270ace40bba7/osano.js?language=en"></script><script
type="application/javascript">!function(e){function t(t){for(var
n,a,d=t[0],u=t[1],i=t[2],l=t[3]||[],b=0,p=[];b<d.length;b+
+)a=d[b],Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(c,a)&&c[a]&&p.push(c[a]
[0]),c[a]=0;for(n in
u)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(u,n)&&(e[n]=u[n]);for(s&&s(t),f.push.apply(f
,l);p.length;)p.shift()();return o.push.apply(o,i||[]),r()}function r(){for(var
e,t=0;t<o.length;t++){for(var r=o[t],n=!0,a=1;a<r.length;a++){var i=r[a];0!
==c[i]&&(n=!1)}n&&(o.splice(t--,1),e=u(u.s=r[0]))}return
0===o.length&&(f.forEach((function(e){if(void 0===c[e]){c[e]=null;var
t=document.createElement("link");u.nc&&t.setAttribute("nonce",u.nc),t.rel="prefetch
",t.as="script",t.href=d(e),document.head.appendChild(t)}})),f.length=0),e}var
n={},a={0:0},c={0:0},o=[],f=[];function d(e){return u.p+""+({}[e]||e)
+"."+{1:"c85c891197215da99036",2:"6bc43c330ab40b2fd2a0",3:"cce747e0336869d78d62",4:
"5f435857c77f9955e646",5:"a4b062b50c8be0830b42",10:"7151755ba5278afa07d7",11:"4c98b
09c72b49392ffff",12:"4d27f090b71293e449cd",13:"7f991277b28f0a91efca",14:"81b745f0b6
56cb841af2",15:"5ad2b6964597bae2e742",16:"2098131cd0834bf9ee3d",17:"0116b90ba09903d
d6356",18:"e986a0aa0bc060779cd6",19:"eba23bcf72ffd8bdc5c5",20:"e71df41721fac8d00e75
",21:"75ab4b1e888294c45ba2",22:"a0de5278a642a2ae853d",23:"5b49bd46b2742c240070"}[e]
+".js"}function u(t){if(n[t])return n[t].exports;var r=n[t]={i:t,l:!1,exports:
{}};return e[t].call(r.exports,r,r.exports,u),r.l=!0,r.exports}u.e=function(e){var
t=[];a[e]?t.push(a[e]):0!
==a[e]&&{1:1,2:1,3:1,4:1,5:1,10:1,11:1,12:1,13:1,14:1,15:1,16:1,17:1,18:1,19:1,20:1
,21:1,22:1,23:1}[e]&&t.push(a[e]=new Promise((function(t,r){for(var n=({}[e]||e)
+"."+{1:"f99271a188ce7401a352",2:"6b39cff45d62ab5411e4",3:"9324832bf1daaa4c6642",4:
"bec2bb6042b8acfd351b",5:"90d396b3217a04cc2313",10:"6993902b645fd103b624",11:"2902e
33c4d15f408e047",12:"f2c142f1041d7309a4f2",13:"16f80dcc65c0410df4a3",14:"52132f67d9
6fda90b749",15:"5df9ae79ba1ad7834270",16:"fd7cfaecc637805a9eea",17:"da1057cadb4ca10
d24d3",18:"659dcc26a7ee77e9da04",19:"c66e2758136138f64008",20:"4947b01dacb22135df24
",21:"25ee2967d4f3d39bac50",22:"ffd77200c5d77cce4686",23:"de6e429d900bcdbc4f39"}[e]
+".css",c=u.p+n,o=document.getElementsByTagName("link"),f=0;f<o.length;f++){var
d=(l=o[f]).getAttribute("data-href")||
l.getAttribute("href");if("stylesheet"===l.rel&&(d===n||d===c))return t()}var
i=document.getElementsByTagName("style");for(f=0;f<i.length;f++){var
l;if((d=(l=i[f]).getAttribute("data-href"))===n||d===c)return t()}var
b=document.createElement("link");b.rel="stylesheet",b.type="text/css",b.onload=t,b.
onerror=function(t){var n=t&&t.target&&t.target.src||c,o=new Error("Loading CSS
chunk "+e+" failed.\n("+n+")");o.code="CSS_CHUNK_LOAD_FAILED",o.request=n,delete
a[e],b.parentNode.removeChild(b),r(o)},b.href=c,document.getElementsByTagName("head
")[0].appendChild(b)})).then((function(){a[e]=0})));var r=c[e];if(0!
==r)if(r)t.push(r[2]);else{var n=new Promise((function(t,n)
{r=c[e]=[t,n]}));t.push(r[2]=n);var
o,f=document.createElement("script");f.charset="utf-
8",f.timeout=120,u.nc&&f.setAttribute("nonce",u.nc),f.src=d(e);var i=new
Error;o=function(t){f.onerror=f.onload=null,clearTimeout(l);var r=c[e];if(0!==r)
{if(r){var
n=t&&("load"===t.type?"missing":t.type),a=t&&t.target&&t.target.src;i.message="Load
ing chunk "+e+" failed.\n("+n+":
"+a+")",i.name="ChunkLoadError",i.type=n,i.request=a,r[1](i)}c[e]=void 0}};var
l=setTimeout((function()
{o({type:"timeout",target:f})}),12e4);f.onerror=f.onload=o,document.head.appendChil
d(f)}return Promise.all(t)},u.m=e,u.c=n,u.d=function(e,t,r){u.o(e,t)||
Object.defineProperty(e,t,{enumerable:!0,get:r})},u.r=function(e){"undefined"!
=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,
{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!
0})},u.t=function(e,t){if(1&t&&(e=u(e)),8&t)return e;if(4&t&&"object"==typeof
e&&e&&e.__esModule)return e;var
r=Object.create(null);if(u.r(r),Object.defineProperty(r,"default",{enumerable:!
0,value:e}),2&t&&"string"!=typeof e)for(var n in e)u.d(r,n,function(t){return
e[t]}.bind(null,n));return r},u.n=function(e){var t=e&&e.__esModule?function()
{return e.default}:function(){return e};return u.d(t,"a",t),t},u.o=function(e,t)
{return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t)},u.p="",u.oe=function(e){throw
console.error(e),e};var i=window.webpackJsonp=window.webpackJsonp||
[],l=i.push.bind(i);i.push=t,i=i.slice();for(var b=0;b<i.length;b++)t(i[b]);var
s=l;r()}([]);
//#
sourceMappingURL=https://www.scribd.com/webpack/doc_page/runtime.c87d5dbb78a929617a
ff.js.map
</script><script type="application/javascript">window.Scribd._HypernovaStaticPath =
"https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/";</script><script
type="application/javascript" data-osano="ESSENTIAL" defer src="https://s-
f.scribdassets.com/webpack/vendors/react16/react16.63d55263784387ae046b.dll.js"></
script><script type="application/javascript" data-osano="ESSENTIAL" defer
src="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/vendors_app.b0b969265c1a3e16c8f3
.js"></script><script type="application/javascript" data-osano="ESSENTIAL" defer
src="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/packages_app.e00c38128921c1299ae
7.js"></script><script type="application/javascript" data-osano="ESSENTIAL" defer
src="https://s-f.scribdassets.com/webpack/doc_page/app.df720ccfc99a4e6157f4.js"></
script><script type="application/javascript">function prefetchResource(u){var x =
new XMLHttpRequest();x.open("GET", u, true);x.send()};</script></body></html>

You might also like