SAMRAT ASHOK TECNOLOGICAL

INSTITUTE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING

ASSIGNMENT
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS
CS1831

UNIT3
PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC
SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
PROF.USHA TIGGA AASTHA YADAV
CSE-A
0108CS211005
 INDEX
S.no. Topic Date Page no. Remark
1
Let p be “It is cold”
and let q be “It is
raining”. Give a
simple verbal
sentence which
describes each of
the following
statements: 
a. ~ p 
b. p^q 
c. p∨q 
d. q∨~p 
e. p ↔ q 
f. p → q

2
Prove the truth table of
~p^q.

3 Prove that the statement

(p⟶q)↔(∼pVq) is a
tautology
4 Show that the statement
(p^q)^~(pVq) is a
contradiction
5 5. Show that the
statement
(pVq)^(~p) is
contingency.

6 Show that the proposition

~(p^q) and ~pV~q are
logically equivalence
7
. The hypothese are-
~p∧q, r→p, ~r→s,
and s→t.
The conclusion is –

8
Let A=(1,2,3,4,5)
Determine the truth
table of each of the
following statements:
a. (∃x ∈A)(x+3=10)
b. (∀x ∈A)(x+3<10)
c. (∃x ∈A)(X+3<5)
d. (∀x ∈A)(x+3<=7)

9
Give Direct Proof of the
statement, “The product
of the two odd integers is
odd”. 

10 Give Contraposition
(Indirect Proof) of the
statement, “If 3n+2 is
odd, then n is odd
11 Give Proof by
Contradiction of the
statement, √2 is irrational
Number.

QUESTIONS
1. Let p be “It is cold” and let q be “It is raining”. Give a simple verbal
sentence which describes each of the following statements: 
a. ~ p 
b. p^q 
c. p∨q 
d. q∨~p 
e. p ↔ q 
f. p → q
ANS:- Verbal sentences
a.)It is not cold.
b.)It is cold and it is raining.
c.) It is cold or it is raining.
d.)It is raining or it is not cold.
e.)It is cold if and only if it is raining.
f.)If it is cold, then it will raining.
2. Prove the truth table of ~p^q.
ANS:-
P ~P q ~p^q.
T F T F
T F F F
F T T T
F T F F

3. Prove that the statement (p⟶q)↔(∼pVq) is a tautology. 

ANS:-Truth table
∼P q (p⟶q (∼pVq) (p⟶q)↔(∼pVq
) )
F T T T T
F F F F T
T T T T T
T F T T T
4. Show that the statement (p^q)^~(pVq) is a contradiction. 
ANS:-Truth table
p q (p^q) (pVq) ~(pVq) p^q)^~(PVq)
T T T T F F
T F F T F F
F T F T F F
F F F F T F
Therefore,
From the truth table it is proved that statement (p^q)^~(pVq) is a
contradiction. 

5. Show that the statement (pVq)^(~p) is contingency.

ANS:-
p q (~p) (pVq) (pVq)^(~p)
T T F T F
T F F T F
F T T T T
F F T F F

It is neither a tautology nor a contradiction , so it is referred to as a

contingency.
6. Show that the proposition ~(p^q) and ~pV~q are logically equivalence.
ANS:-By using De Morgan’s law
~(p^q) ≡ ~pV~q
OR
By using truth table
p q ~ ~q (p^q) ~(p^q) ~pV~q
p
T T F F T F F
T F F T F T T
F T T F F T T
F F T T F T T
7. The hypothese are-
~p∧q, r→p, ~r→s, and s→t.
The conclusion is –
ANS:- ( ~p∧ q∧ r→p∧ ~r→s)→ s→t
8. Let A=(1,2,3,4,5) Determine the truth table of each of the following
statements:
a. (∃x ∈A)(x+3=10)
b. (∀x ∈A)(x+3<10)
c. (∃x ∈A)(X+3<5)
d. (∀x ∈A)(x+3<=7)
ANS:- a.) . (∃x ∈A)(x+3=10)
(x: x ∈A)=phie
Here no any value of A satisfy the preposition
Hence : . (∃x ∈A)(x+3=10) =FALSE.
b. (∀x ∈A)(x+3<10)
(x: x ∈A)=A
Here each value of A satisfy the preposition
Hence : . (∃x ∈A)(x+3<10) =true.
c. (∃x ∈A)(X+3<5)
(x: x ∈A)=phie
x=1 satisfy the preposition
Here at least one value of A satisfy the preposition
Hence(∃x ∈A)(X+3<5) =true.
 d.). (∀x ∈A)(x+3<=7)
Given that : (∀x ∈A)(x+3<=7)
(x:x∈A) =A
HERE : ∀x ∈A NOT SATISFY THE PREPOSITION
Hence : (∀x ∈A)(x+3<=7)=false.
9. Give Direct Proof of the statement, “The product of the two odd integers is
odd”. 
ANS:-
LET X,Y BE TWO ODD NUMBER
Hence :X=2n+1
Y=2m+1
XY=(2n+1)(2m+1)
=4mn+2m+2n+1
=2(2mn+m+n)+1
Let (2mn+m+n)=a
So,XY=2a+1
HENCE : The product of the two odd integers is odd.
10. Give Contraposition (Indirect Proof) of the statement, “If 3n+2 is odd, then
n is odd”. 
ANS:-
P:3n+2 is odd
,q:n is odd
NOW ~q=n is even
~p=3n+2 is even
Since n=even
 We can write n=2x
SO, 3n+2=3(2x)+2
=2(3x+1)
Let 3x+1=a(a is an integer)
Hence 3n+2=2x
So,~q→~p ≡ p→q (LOGICAL EQUIVALENCE)
Hence proved .
11. Give Proof by Contradiction of the statement, √2 is irrational Number.
ANS:- . LET Assume that , √2 is rational Number
We can write as: √2=X/Y (x and y have no common factor)
√2=X/Y
2=𝑥2/𝑦2 (equation---1)
2𝑦2 = 𝑥2
Since 𝑥2 = even number
We can write as x=2n
So, 𝑥2 = 2(2𝑛2) ,
𝑦2 = 2𝑛2 By eq.1
it is contradiction So,x/y have common factor is 2
Hence proved.