LOGIKA MATEMA

TIKA
Kartika Nugraheni, S.Si,
M.Si
“Ilmu logika berhubungan
dengan kalimat-kalimat (a
rgument)”
D. Tabel Kebenaran

Nilai kebenaran dari proposisi/ kalimat majemuk, di

tinjau dari nilai kebenaran pernyataan-pernyataan it
u saja. Suatu proposisi/ kalimat deklaratif/ statem
ent memiliki dua nilai (benar/ salah).
Tabel Kebenaran pada Konjungsi (˄)

p q p˄q
B B B
B S S
S B S
S S S
Konjungsi dianalogikan dengan sebuah rangkaian listrik seri :
Tabel Kebenaran pada Disjungsi (˅)
p q p˅q
B B B
B S B
S B B
S S S
Disjungsi dianalogikan dengan sebuah rangkaian listrik paralel:
Tabel Kebenaran pada Implikasi (→)

p q p→
q
B B B
B S S
S B B
S S B
Tabel Kebenaran pada Negasi (~)

p ~p
B S
S B
Tabel Kebenaran pada Biimplikasi (↔)

p q p↔q
B B B
B S S
S B S
S S B
 Tabel Kebenaran pada Disjungsi (exc
lusive or) p q p⊕q
B B S
B S B
S B B
S S S

cth: Dina bermain sepak bola atau dina menonton TV.

dia tidak bisa melakukan keduanya, dia hanya bisa memilih

salah satunya.
Write these propositions using p , q, and r (if exist) and logical conne
ctives

1. You drive over 65 miles per hour, but you do not get a speeding ticket
2. Driving over 65 miles per hour is sufficient for getting a speeding ticket
3. It is either below freezing or it is snowing, but it is not snowing if it is be
low freezing
4. It is not below freezing and it is not snowing
5. It is not safe to hike on the trail, but grizzly bears have not been seen in
the area and the berries along the trail are ripe.
7. Hiking is not safe on the trail whenever grizzly bears have been seen in the ar
ea and berries are ripe along the trail.
8. A password must have at least three digits or be at least eight characters lon
g.
9. To enter the country you need a passport or a voter registration card.
10. Carol gets seasick whenever she is on a boat.
11. I will remember to send you the address only if you send me an e-mail mess
age.
12. The trains run late on exactly those days when I
take it.
Determine whether these biconditionals or conditial
s are true or false.
a) 2 + 2 = 4 if and only if 1 + 1 = 2.
b) 1 + 1 = 2 if and only if 2 + 3 = 4.
c) 1 + 1 = 3 if and only if monkeys can fly.
d) 0 > 1 if and only if 2 > 1.
e) If 1 + 1 = 3, then 2 + 2 = 5.
f) If 2 + 2 = 4, then 1 + 2 = 3.
Contoh soal:
~𝑝˅ 𝑝˄~𝑞
Jawaban:
p ~p q ~q 𝐩˄~𝐪 ~𝐩˅ 𝐩˄~𝐪

B S B S S S
B S S B B B
S B B S S B
S B S B S B
 𝑝˅𝑞 ˄ 𝑝˄𝑞
Jawaban:
p q 𝐩˅𝐪 𝐩˄𝐪 𝐩˅𝐪 ˄ 𝐩˄𝐪

B B B S S
B S B B B
S B B B B
S S S B S
Construct a truth table for each of these compound
propositions.?
a) p → ¬p
b) (q → ¬ p) ⋁ ( ¬ p → q)
c) (p → 𝑞 ) ↔ ( ¬ q → ¬p)
d) (p ⋁q) →(p ⋀q)
e) (p ↔ q) ⨁ (¬p ⋀ ¬ q)
f) (p⋀q) ⋁r
g) (¬ p ↔ ¬ q ) ↔ (q ↔ r)
E. Proposisi Equivalen

Suatu statement kondisi dapat memiliki arti dan nilai yang

lain. Berikut beberapa sifat/ bentuk dari equivalensi.
Equivalen
P˄T≡P P ˅ P ≡ P Idempoten laws
P˅F≡P Identity laws
P˄P≡P

P˅T≡T Domination laws ~ (~ P) ≡ P (double negation laws)

P˄F≡F
P˅Q≡Q˅P
commutative laws
P˄Q≡Q˄P

(P ˅ Q) ˅ R≡ P ˅ (Q ˅ R) Assosiative laws
(P ˄ Q) ˄ R≡ P ˄ (Q ˄ R)

P ˅ (Q ˄ R) ≡ (P ˅ Q) ˄ (P ˅ R) Distributive laws
P ˄ (Q ˅ R) ≡ (P ˄ Q) ˅ (P ˄ R)
~ (P ˄ Q) ≡ ~ P ˅ ~ Q
De’morgan laws
~ (P ˅ Q) ≡ ~ P ˄ ~ Q

P ˅ (P ˄ Q) ≡ P
Absorption laws
P ˄ (P ˅ Q) ≡ P

P˅~P≡T
Negation laws
P˄~P≡F
Logical Statement Involving Conditional S
tatement
1. P → Q ≡ ~ P ˅ Q
2. P → Q ≡ ~ Q → ~ P
3. P ˅ Q ≡ ~ (P → ~ Q)
4. P ˄ Q ≡ ~ (P → ~ Q)
5. ~ (P → Q) ≡ P ˄ ~ Q
6. (P → Q) ˄ (P → R) ≡ P → (Q ˄ R)
7. (P → R) ˄ (Q → R) ≡ (P ˅ Q) → R
8. (P → Q) ˅ (P → R) ≡ P → (Q ˅ R)
9. (P → R) ˅ (Q → R) ≡ (P ˄ Q) → R
10.P ↔ Q ≡ (P → Q) ˄ (Q → P)
11.P ↔ Q ≡ ~ P ↔ ~ Q
12.P ↔ Q ≡ (P ˄ Q) ˅ (~ Q ˄ ~ P)
13.~ (P ↔ Q) ≡ P ↔ ~ Q
13. ~ (P ↔ Q) ≡ P ↔ ~ Q
sama

p q ~ q 𝐩 ↔ 𝐪 ~ (𝐩 ↔ 𝐪) 𝐩 ↔ ~ 𝐪
B B S B S S
B S B S B B
S B S S B B
S S B B S S
12. P ↔ Q ≡ (P ˄ Q) ˅ (~ Q ˄ ~ P)
sama

p q ~ ~q 𝐩˄𝐪 ~𝐩 ˄ ~𝐪 𝐩 ↔ 𝐪 𝐩˄𝐪 ˅ (~𝐩 ˄ ~𝐪)

p
B B S S B S B B
B S S B S S S S
S B B S S S S S
S S B B S B B B
6. (P → Q) ˄ (P → R) ≡ P → (Q ˄ R) sama

p q r 𝐩 → 𝐪 𝐩 → 𝐫 𝐪˄𝐫 𝐩→𝐪 ˄ 𝐩→𝐫 𝐩 → (𝐪 ˄ 𝐫)

B B B B B B B B
B B S B S S S S
B S B S B S S S
S B B B B B B B
S S B B B S B B
S B S B B S B B
B S S S S S S S
S S S B B S B B
Buktikan apakah Pernyataan berikut memiliki kebenaran yang sama
1. ~ (P → Q) ≡ P ˄ ~ Q
2. (P → Q) ˅ (P → R) ≡ P → (Q ˅ R)