Universal language may refer to a hypothetical or historical language spoken and understood by all or

most of the world's. In some contexts, it refers to a means of communication said to be understood by
all humans. It may be the idea of an international auxiliary language for communication between groups
speaking different primary languages. In other conceptions, it may be the primary language of all
speakers, or the only existing language. Some religious and mythological traditions state that there was
once a single universal language among all people, or shared by humans and supernatural beings.

In other traditions, there is less interest in or a general deflection of the question. The written Classical
Chinese language is still read widely but pronounced differently by readers in China, Vietnam, Korea and
Japan; for centuries it was a de facto universal literary language for a broad-based culture. In something
of the same way Sanskrit in India and Nepal, and Pali in Sri Lanka and in Theravada countries of South-
East Asia (Burma, Thailand, Cambodia) and Old Tamil in South India and Sri Lanka, were literary
languages for many for whom they were not their mother tongue.

Comparably, the Latin language (qua Medieval Latin) was in effect a universal language of literati in the
Middle Ages, and the language of the Vulgate Bible in the area of Catholicism, which covered most of
Western Europe and parts of Northern and Central Europe also.

In a more practical fashion, trade languages, such as ancient Koine Greek, may be seen as a kind of real
universal language, that was used for commerce.

In historical linguistics, monogenesis refers to the idea that all spoken human languages are descended
from a single ancestral language spoken many thousands of years ago.

It could be said plausibly that mathematics is the universal language of the world that all are capable of
understanding.

To measure the large distances in the universe, scientists use a unit of length called the light year. A light
year is the distance travelled by light in one year. Light travels 9.46 trillion km in a year (one trillion is 1
followed by 12 zeroes).

The Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image shows some of the most remote galaxies visible with present
technology, each consisting of billions of stars. (Apparent image area about 1/79 that of a full moon)[1]
Age (within Lambda-CDM model)

13.799 ± 0.021 billion years[2]

Diameter

Unknown.[3] Diameter of the observable universe: 8.8×1026 m (28.5 Gpc or 93 Gly)[4]

Mass (ordinary matter)

At least 1053 kg[5]

Average density (including the contribution from energy)

9.9 x 10−30 g/cm3[6]

Average temperature

2.72548 K (-270.4 °C or -454.8 °F)[7]

Main contents

Ordinary (baryonic) matter (4.9%)

Dark matter (26.8%)

Dark energy (68.3%)[8]

Shape

Flat with a 0.4% margin of error[9]

The earliest cosmological models of the universe were developed by ancient Greek and Indian
philosophers and were geocentric, placing Earth at the center.[12][13] Over the centuries, more precise
astronomical observations led Nicolaus Copernicus to develop the heliocentric model with the Sun at
the center of the Solar System. In developing the law of universal gravitation, Isaac Newton built upon
Copernicus's work as well as Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion and observations by Tycho
Brahe.