Introduction:

Hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), 1, 3,5,7- tetraazatricyclo- [ 3. 3. 1. 13· 7 ] -decane, (CH2 ) 6N4 ,

also called, metheneamine, hexamine, urotropin , formin, aminoform, and hexamethyleneamine,
is a comparatively ancient compound.1 By Alexander Butlerow it described in the literature in
18592. Also, the name hexamethylenamin called by Butlerow and the experimental formula
released in 1860.Von Losekann proposed structure (I) in 1890 and in 1895 Duden and Scharff
proposed structure (II). 3

Von Losekann (I) Dunden and Scharf (II)

The structure of Duden and Scharff (I) is the for the most part acknowledged structure.
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The particle contains a symmetric tetrahedral cage-like structure, which is comparable to
adamantane, whose "edges" are methylene bridges, and the four "corners" are
nitrogen particles. In spite of the fact that their atomic shape characterizes a cage, none of the
void space is accessible at the insides for authoritative other atoms or iotas, not at all
like bigger cryptand or crown ether structures.5

 Physical possessions about Hexamethylenetetramine: 6

1. C 2 H 12 N 4 is the chemical formula Hexamine.
2. ¿) is the density of Hexamine.
g
3. Molecular weight is equal 140.186
mol
4. 280℃ is the boiling point of Hexamine.

The materialization of HMT is finished by the condensation of 4 ammonia particles and 6

formaldehyde atoms to deliver 1 HMT atom and 6 water particles:

4 N H 3 +6 C H 2 → C6 H 12 N 4 + 6 H 2 O

Hexamine may be a response product of formaldehyde and alkali broadly utilized within

the generation of thermosetting plastic materials. This item is as a
rule gotten by vanishing a blend of an fluid arrangement of formaldehyde and alkali by

1
Study of the Hexamethylenetetramine Ammonia and Formaldehyde Sy.pdf
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Hexamine - Properties, Structure, Applications and Uses (vedantu.com)
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Hexamine - Properties, Structure, Applications and Uses (vedantu.com)
a bunch handle. Clump forms are very uneconomical and
a appropriate ceaseless handle wherein palatable yields are gotten has long been looked for.7

 Process Route of Hexamine:

In a continuous, accurate and economical way, Hexamine can be prepared by the presence of
Formaldehyde and ammonia in one reaction area at one time, for 5 to 30 minutes under a
temperature of 20℃ to 70℃ the mixture reacts while maintaining its PH between (7.0 to 8.0). 8
The fluid blend leaving the response area and containing the hexamine molded is at that point
concentrated by vanishing beneath vacuum, the concentration being beneficially affected beneath
a weight of approximately 20 inches of mercury outright and a temperature of less than 70 ℃ .9
The mixture that undergoes the reaction, when its PH is controlled the reaction ration used can
be kept to large stoichiometric quantities, and to ensure high yields in the reaction, every six
moles if Formaldehyde used is slight more than four moles of ammonia, which yields regularly
approach the theoretical yield based on both reactants. 10 For clarification, 3800 parts by weight
per hour of 39.9% watery formaldehyde are blended with 580 parts by weight per hour
of ammonia, the pH of the blend gotten being balanced to 8 by controlling
the overabundance of smelling salts display, and the blend shaped passed into a reactor kept
up at a temperature of 50℃ .11 The reaction mixture is kept there for around 30 minutes as it
passes through those dimensions. The aqueous reaction product is then pumped into a
thermosyphon or evaporator concentrator, which is kept at a vacuum of 25 inches of mercury and
allows the solution to be concentrated at a temperature of around 50 ℃ .12continually review
precipitates as the water is vaporized and removed from the concentrated solution. The resulting
hexamine slurry is delivered to a centrifugal filter after being constantly removed from the
evaporator. The centrifugal filter's mother liquor is returned to the concentrator in order to recover
any leftover hexamine in solution. A side stream of the mother liquor is cut off and sent to the
sewer in order to prevent an excessive buildup of soluble contaminants in the concentrator. After
being removed from the centrifuge, the wet hexamine cake is dried. The hexamine produced by
our innovative technology has a theoretical yield of to, analyzes 98% hexamine, and contains the
remaining water.13

7
US2640826A - Production of hexamine - Google Patents
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US2640826A - Production of hexamine - Google Patents
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