Summary Design Procedure for LTHA and NLTHA

using SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 8899:2020

by Nathan Madutujuh, 2021 (E-mail: nathanm.study@gmail.com)

1. Usage of LTHA and NLTHA

LTHA : used for new design

NLTHA : used for performance based design for existing building or previously designed building

2. Select Target Spectra

Based on : Coordinate, Soil Class, Return Period, EQ Map (PGA, Ss, S1)
Nilai Ss,S1 perlu dicheck terhadap daerah akselerasi konstan yang dekat patahan.
Bila ada di dekat patahan, digunakan minimal Ss = 1.5 dan S1 = 0.6

Use Target Spectra : MCEr (no need to multiply by 2/3)

Untuk Target Spektra vertikal, av diambil dari 0.2*Sds dan perlu dicheck terhadap
av,max dari gempa aktual yang terjadi untuk daerah yang dekat pusat gempa atau patahan
(Karena nilai av bisa melampaui 0.2*Sds)

3. Using Deaggregation Map, select right Ground Motion

Must cover : Mega Thrust, Shallow Crustal, Benioff

Must have : 2 directions
Spectra is matched using individual and 100Rot spectra (combined 2 directions)

Jakarta site:
Deaggregation, T = 6 sec
Mega Thrust : 60%, 8.3M, 200km
Shallow Crustal : 38%, 7.5M, 180km
Benioff : 2%, 6.3M, 30km

LTHA : 3 or 5 Ground Motions

NLTHA : 7 or 11 Ground Motions

Source for Ground Motion : BMKG, PusGeN, Local University, PEER, Taiwan, Japan, Europe

Ground Motion requirement:

- Harus sepasang (X,Y,Z) dari station dan waktu yang sama

- Diusahakan pada sekitar jarak yang sama dengan lokasi projek yang dihitung
- Diusahakan mendapatkan Ground Motion yang terdekat dengan lokasi projek
- Durasi dan sampling time harus sama untuk komponen X,Y,Z

4. Modify Selected Ground Motion

LTHA : Match to 0.9 MCEr (Amplitude matching for 100Rot), 2/3 MCEr for each direction
NLTHA : Match to 1.1 MCEr (Spectral Matching for 100Rot)
Near Fault : Use Amplitude Matching

Scale Factor : 0.25 - 4.0

CMS : >= 75% MCEr for 100Rot
 Period to match:

T90% EMF - 2*T1max

0.8*T1min - 2*T1max
0.2*T1min - 2*T1max
> 0.1 s if av considered

5. Check for Matched Spectra

- Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration

- Arias Intensity

6. Run LTHA/NLTHA using selected Ground Motion

Mass Distribution :

Building : Use 5% offset for center of mass (Accidental torsion)

General : Use several LL distribution pattern (run several times using different LL pattern)

Material Nonlinearity : Yes (Nonlinear stress-strain curve, Large strain, Tension/Compression cut,
Hysteresis model)

Steel rebar : Mild steel, High strength steel (tergantung diameter rebar juga)
PC wire : ACI, PCI model
Concrete : Mander, Uzumeri, dsb untuk unconfined dan confined concrete
Soil as 3D : Plaxis Hardening model, Mohr-Coulomb model, etc (tergantung jenis tanah),
parameter modified for dynamic
Soil as spring : Distributed soil spring from Plate Load bearing test, modified for dynamic
properties
Pile as spring : Use result from pile load test, modified for dynamic properties
Pile as 1 line : Use nonlinear concrete column model
Pile as 3D : Use 3D concrete and soil model, use interface element between soil and concrete
Roof Truss : Vertical acceleration must be included

Option for Roof Truss model:

1. Simply supported, hinged-roll, no axial force resisted from support

Size of support must accomodate the maximum lateral displacement of left + right support

2. Integrated model
Fixed or hinged support, truss will also resist axial force from support

Hysteresis model for cyclic loading :

Concrete : Takeda Hysteresis Model, dll

Steel : Elasto-plastic Mixed hardening model

Geometrically Nonlinearity : Yes (Large deformation, large strain)

Dynamic Analysis Method:

Method for LTHA : Modal Response Analysis or Direct Integration Analysis

Method for NLTHA : Direct Integration Analysis
 Integration Method :

1. Newmark-Beta (Y=1/2, B=1/4 unconditionally stable)

2. Hilber-Hughes-Alpha (with artificial damping : Y=0.6, B=0.3025, alpha=-0.1)

Time step : Tcr/20 for accuracy and stability

Modelling for damping:

1. Artificial damping (using Hilber-Hughes-Alpha method, only for small damping)

2. Raleygh damping (using a*K + b*M), need 2 first eigen values, for small, large damping)
3. Using Damper link (for viscous damping, seismic damper, seismic bearing, large linear /
nonlinear damping)

7. After running

For each Ground Motion :

LTHA : Use standar component design

Get design forces

Component design
Check for drift
Check for vibration pattern

NLTHA : Use Performance Base Design

Check for drift

Check for progressive yield pattern
Check for Capacity Demand Curve