Pointers to Review in Creative Writing
said. The use of the word potty is euphemism.
Creative Writing
is any composing that goes beyond ordinary expert,
editorial, scholarly, or specialized types of writing,
normally distinguished by an accentuation on
account make, character advancement, and the
utilization of abstract tropes or with different
customs of verse and poetics.
It is workable for composing, for example, include
stories to be viewed as exploratory writing, despite
the fact that they fall under news coverage, in light
of the fact that the substance of highlights is
explicitly centered around account and character
improvement.
Sensory Imagery – includes the utilization of
elucidating language to make mental pictures.
Visual – sight (color, size, shape, lightness and
darkness, shadows, and shade)
Gustatory – taste (five basic taste such as sweet,
salty, bitter, sour, and umami, textures and
sensations)
Auditory – hearing (sounds)
Olfactory – smell (stinks, dirt grass or roses)
Tactile – touch (feel, textures and many
sensations)
Kinesthetic imagery – the feeling of movement.
This can be similar to tactile imagery but deals
more with full-body sensations.
Figure of speech is a rhetorical device that
achieves a special effect by using words in a
distinctive way.
1. Alliteration: repetition of an initial consonant
sound. Ex: Betty Botter bought some butter.
2. Anaphora: repetition of the same word or phrase
at the beginning of successive clauses or verses.
Ex: Unexpetedly, we were in the wrong event at the
wrong time on the wrong day.
3. Antithesis: combination of two different elements
to attian equillibrium or balance.
Ex: As Abraham Lincoln said, "Folks who have no
vices have very few virtues."
4. Apostrophe: stating a nonexistent person or an
inanimate object as though it were a living being. It
commonly uses an apostrophe as a punctuation.
Ex: "Oh, rain! Rain! Where are are you? Rain, we
really need you right now. Our town needs you badly.”
5. Assonance: the repetition of the vowel sounds in
the structure of sentences or lines.
Ex: We shall meet on the beach to reach the “Meach”
Concert.
6. Chiasmus: A sentence where the half of the
statement is balanced against the other half.
Ex: The noble teacher said teachers should live to
teach, not teach to live.
7. Euphemism: The use of subtle and non-offensive
words to conceal or to replace the offensive words in
a statement.
Ex: "We're teaching our toddler how to go potty," Bob
8. Hyperbole: An overstatement; the use of
exaggerated terms for the purpose of emphasis or
heightened effect.
Ex: I have a ton of homework to do when I get home. I
need to go home now.
9. Irony: It is a statement or situation where the
meaning is contradicted by the appearance or
showing the concept. The use of words to convey the
opposite of their literal meaning is the highlight of
irony.
Ex: Thalia received a very high grade in her quiz
resulting that her mother got mad.
10. Litotes: An understatement in which an
affirmative is expressed by opposing its
counterpart.
Ex: A million pesos is no small chunk of change.
11. Metaphor: comparison between two dissimilar
things that have something in common.
Ex: "All the world's a stage.” of As You Like It.
12. Metonymy: A word or phrase is substituted for
another with which it is closely associated; Linking
words that are related to the word to be replaced.
Ex: The use of the word vow instead of wedding, the
pen stands for "the written word.
13. Onomatopoeia: words that imitate the sounds
associated with the objects or actions they refer to.
Ex: The clap of thunder went bang and scared my
poor dog.
14. Oxymoron: It is the combination of contradictory
or incongruous words such as cruel kindness;
Ex: “bitter sweet”
15. Paradox: a statement or proposition that, despite
sound (or apparently sound) reasoning from
acceptable premises, leads to a conclusion that
seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-
contradictory.
Ex: "This is the beginning of the end," said Eeyore,
always the pessimist.
16. Personification: The utilization of inanimate
objects or abstraction to associate with human
qualities or abilities.
Ex: The leaves of the Fire tree are dancing with
the wind during dry season in our country.
17. Pun: statement with a double meaning, in some
cases on various faculties of a similar word and here
and there on the comparative sense or sound of
various words.
Ex: I renamed my playlist of The Titanic, so when I
plug it in, it says “The Titanic is syncing.”
18. Simile: comparison between two fundamentally
dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common
using like or as.
Ex: Michael was white as a sheet after he walked out
of the horror movie.
19. Synecdoche: used to represent the whole.
Ex: Mark is asking for the hand of our daughter.
20. Understatement: employed by writers or
speakers to intentionally make a situation seem less
important than it really is.
Ex: You win 10 million pesos in a lottery.
Diction is the careful selection of words to
communicate a message or establish a particular
voice or writing style.
Ex: flowy, figurative language creates colorful
prose, while a more formal vocabulary with concise
and direct language can help drive home a point.
1. Formal diction. usesgrammatical rules and
proper syntax or the formation of sentences. It is
considered as a professional choice of words which
can be found in legal documents like business
correspondences and academic articles.
2. Informal diction. is more conversational and
often used in narrative literature. This casual
vernacular is representative of how people
communicate in real life, which gives an author
freedom to depict more realistic characters. Most of
the short stories and novels use informal diction to
make it easier to understand by anyone especially
if the target audience is anyone.
3. Colloquial diction. expressions which are
connected to informal. It is generally representing a
particular region or place or era or period.
Contractions in American English such as “ain’t”
instead of isn’t is an example of colloquial
expressions, the use of colloquialisms make the
writing more realistic.
4. Slang diction. is very informal language or
specific words used by a particular group of people.
You'll usually hear slang spoken more often than
you'll see it put in writing, though emails and texts
often contain many conversational slang words.
5. Poetic diction. is driven by melodious words
that identify with a particular subject reflected in a
sonnet, and make a musical, or agreeable, sound.
It generally includes the utilization of elucidating
language, in some cases set to a beat or rhyme.
Poetry is a form of literature which allows the
writers who called to be “poets” to express their
thoughts, feelings, emotions, ideas about a
particular theme or topic.
ELEMENTS
6 sub-elements: structure, sound, imagery,
figurative language, fictional elements, and
poetic forms.
Theme is the lesson about life or statement about
human nature that the poem expresses.
Presentation of themes - the feelings of the main
character, thoughts and conversations,
experiences, actions and events.
Functions of Themes - gives readers better
understanding of the main character’s conflicts,
experiences, discoveries, and emotions
Theme vs. Subject
Theme is an idea that the poem expresses about
the subject or uses the subject to explore.
Subject is the topic of the poem (what the poem is
about)
Tone - attitude expressed in a poem
STRUCTURE
Form is the appearance of the words on the page
of the reference. It may be different nowadays
since layout artist may simply adjust and create the
desired form of poem.
Poetic Line is a group of words that form a single
line of poetry.
Stanza is a section of a poem named for the
number of lines it contains.
Enjambment is when there is no written or natural
pause at the end of a poetic line, so that the word-
flow carries over to the next line. It affects the forms
of the poem on a page. It can create certain form
relevant to a poem’s content.
Verse is a line in traditional poetry that is written in
meter.
Traditional Form
- Poems with rhyme and with meter.
Free Verse:
- Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does
NOT have any repeating patterns
of stressed and unstressed syllables.
Does NOT have rhyme.
- Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds
like someone talking with you. A more modern type
of poetry.
Blank Verse:
- Written in lines of iambic pentameter but does
NOT use end rhyme.
- With METER without end RHYME
FORMS OF POETRY
1. Found poems are created through the careful
selection and organization of words and phrases
from existing text. found poetry is often made from
newspaper articles, street signs, graffiti, speeches,
letters, or even other poems.
2. Tanaga is a type of Filipino poem which consists
of four lines with seven syllables each with the
same rhyme at the end of each line. It has a 7-7-7-
7 syllabic verse, with commonly an AABB rhyme
scheme.
3. Diona is an ancient form of poetry that is
composed of 7 syllables for every verse/line, 3
verses/lines for every stanza, and has a single
rhyme scheme.
4. Haiku is a Japanese poem written in three lines
followong the Five Syllables, Seven Syllables and
Five Syllables. focusing on images from nature,
haiku emphasizes simplicity, intensity, and
directness of expression.
5. Acrostic poem is where the first letters of each
line spell out a word or phrase vertically that acts as
the theme or message of the poem.
6. Sonnet is a poem that has 14 lines and follows a
specific rhyme scheme. It comes from the Italian
word that means “little song.”
7. Concrete Poem is a poem that uses words to
form the shape of the subject of the poem (also
known as a “shape poem”).
8. Lyric Poem is a short poem that usually written
in first person point of view and expresses an
emotion or an idea or describes a scene. It does
not tell a story and are often musical
9. Narrative Poem is a form of poetry that tells a
story, often making the voices of a narrator and
characters as well; the entire story is usually written
in metered verse. Narrative poems do not need
rhyme.
Poets/Authors:
 How Do I Love Thee? By Elizabeth Barrett
Browning
 The Iliad by Homer
 Songs of an Empty House by Marguerite
Wilkinson
 Perfect You by Trisha Kris Aquino
 Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare
 Verlost (Saved) by Cristina Kyla C. Villagen
 I Know a Man by Robert Creeley
Authors:
The Raven, Macabre Tales, Tales of Mystery &
Imagination by Edgar Allan Poe
Louisa May Alcott was an American novelist,
short story writer, and poet best known as the
author of the novel Little Women and its sequels
Little Men and Jo's Boys.
Emily Dickson was an American poet. Little-known
during her life, she has since been regarded
as one of the most important figures in American
poetry. (December 10, 1830 – May 15, 1886)
Lit. Pieces:
- I’m Nobody! Who are you?
- Hope is the Thing with Feathers
- Because I Could Not Stop for Death
William Wordsworth was an English Romantic
poet, best known for Lyrical Ballads (1667), which
he wrote with Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He and
Coleridge helped to launch the Romantic Age in
English literature. (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850)
Lit. Pieces:
- The Prelude
- I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
- My Heart Leaps Up
ELEMENTS OF FICTION
Setting is the time and place where a story or
poem takes place.
Point of View / Narrative Voice is the person
narrating a story or poem (the story/poem could be
narrated in first person (I, we), second person
(you), or third person limited or omniscient (he/she,
they).
Characterization is the development of the
characters in a story or poem.
Dialog or Dialogue is the conversation between
the characters in a story or poem.
Dialect or Colloquial Language is the style of
speaking of the narrator and the characters in a
story or poem.
Conflict is the problem or situation a character or
characters face in a story or poem.
Plot is the series of events in a story or poem.
Tone and Voice are the distinctive, idiosyncratic
way a narrator has of telling a story or poem.
Style is the way a writer uses words to craft a story
or poem.
Mood is the feelings and emotions the writer wants
the reader to experience.
Theme and Message are the main topic of a story
or poem, and the message the author or poet
wants to convey about that topic.
FOOT is a unit of meter.
A foot can have two or three syllables.
consists of one stressed and one or more
unstressed syllables.
TYPES OF FEET arrangement of stressed and
unstressed syllables.
1. trochee (stressed-unstressed)
2. anapest (unstressed-unstressed-stressed)
3. dactyl (stressed-unstressed-unstressed)
4. spondee (stressed-stressed)
5. pyrrhic (unstressed-unstressed)
6. iamb (unstressed-stressed)