History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

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Modern History-
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Coming of the Europeans
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Portuguese
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Presented by - Pratik Nayak

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

Pratik Nayak

Educator- History, Art & Culture

BE Civil, M. Planning (CEPT University)

Worked at Govt. of Gujarat

Sources of Reading-

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Pratik Nayak- Workbook Comprehensive Coverage-
Running notes of the class Previous Years Questions

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Hello Learners- please find this workbook containing

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topics to covered
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This workbook contains the compiled

information/facts/analysis sourced from various
sources.
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Contact for - 7825860097 / 8585858585

Ancient History- Pratik Nayak ©

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

MODERN INDIAN HISTORY

Q. How the British conquest took place?

केक कटे गा सबमे ऐसा कै से
बाटे गा

Europeans Princely states

Later Mughals MysoreMarathas

Bengal Deccan Awadh Sikh
Others (Delhi)
Portuguese Dutch French

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1612 1759 1760

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UNDERSTANDING THEMATICALLY
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1192

Delhi
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Entry of Europeans
1526 Sultanate
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Establishment of Empire
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1707 Mughals
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The rise of the Struggle for

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Marathas European Feudal States

1761 (1628-58, 1707-1761) Supremacy

The British
Conquest of India
1857 Political Integration

Indian Responseà Age of

1900 Revolts & Enlightenment

1947 Freedom Struggle

2022 We the People of India Indian Nation

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

MODERN INDIAN HISTORY

Phase- 1

Entry Of Europeans Thematic Coverage Of The

Causes, Themes Mughals (Rise & Fall)
Portuguese (Origin & End)
Political Conditions In India

Q. To understand British conquest of India, we

need to See the entry of Europeans in India.
Lodhi (1451-1526)-
Rajput Kingdoms
Q. Why the Europeans came to India
Medieval Times

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Q. Route to globalisation, colonisation
Delhi sultanate- Lodhi

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Vijaynagar
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15th Century Conditionsà

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1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks,

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Christians vs. Muslims

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Later on many Christians Migrated back to Europe- Italy from

Constantinople

The story of Hagia Sophia- originally built in 6th Century CE, got
converted into Mosque after the Caliphate was established

Christians Migrated back to Europe- started Questioning the

Authority of Church- Renaissance

Egyptians- Mamluk Sultans played role in Spice Trade

Venetian Merchants also controlled some areas around

Mediterranean

Multiple changes took place during this period

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

Entry of Europeans
Entry of Europeans

Catalyst Ancient- Medieval times

Trade

Sea & land route

(Eg. sangam age)
Gupta age
This trade continued briskly in medieval
period

Till middle of 15th Century- The Turkish power

came up- Ottoman Empire

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Land-Sea route blocked by the ottomans
Simultaneously- Europe was going through

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changes
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Contemporary times
Blocking of trade
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Routes Arabs & ottoman

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The rise of Caliphate

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

Jao
Jo Hukum beta…Christiani
1453, Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks, aaka….. ty Spread karo

spirit of the Renaissance

Role of Prince Henry- The Navigator

Pope Nicholas V- 1454à gave henry a bull

right to navigate
the “sea to the distant shores of the Orient”,

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

rulers of Portugal and Spain divided the non-Christian world

Imaginary line in the Atlantic- division of areas

By 1487- Bartholomew Diaz reached Cape of Good Hope

1497- Expedition started sailing from Europe

21 May 1498- Entry of Vasco de Gama

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Coming of Europeansà Portuguese

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Adventurist tradersà Started seeking out Route 3 Regions-
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Q. Portuguese emerged as the first ones- why ?

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

Entry of Europeans Map

I sailed till
1. Portuguese 21 may 1498 cape
(1st to arrive, last to leave (1962) of Vijay)

Economic Pepper (Trade Route)

- Why they came (MDH masala)
Religion- Christianity

- Prince henry (aka navigator)

- King also provides impetus - Wanted to find new sea route
- Patronized & encouraged sailors

Bartholomew Diaz – reached cape of storms in

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1488
1st European - renamed cape of good hope

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1. Entry of Vasco de Gama, 21 may 1498
- Reached cape of good hope
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- Helped by a Guajarati businessman (Abdul Majid)

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- 21 may 1498, reached Calicut, welcomed by

Zamorinà manna Vikrama
The Arabs were already trading with this region
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- Portuguese – Arab conflict (Moors)

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- Made good profità 60 times

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(II) Pedro Alverez Cabral (1500)

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- Came into conflict with Arabs

Q. Who were the Marakkars ?
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- Thought of establishing factory @ Calicut

- Issue continued with Arabs & locals
- Calicut was bombarded by Cabral

The Marakkars fought against Portuguese invaders

Arab origin and had migrated from Tunisia to present-day Kozhikode
Or-
descendants of affluent businessman from the Cochin kingdom who
migrated later to Calicut
were mostly Muslims, but in some parts, they have been found to be
Hindus as well
1500s- when the Portuguese Invaded-
Marakkars- strategy was similar to guerrilla warfare. strengthen the fort at Kottakkal
The Portuguese had massive ships which could not make easy By 1595, relations between the Zamorin and the Marakkars
manoeuvres in the sea. were deteriorating
The Marakkars used small ships which could easily surround the Marakkars accused of planning to create a Muslim empire
Portuguese ships, enabling the fighters to attack at will 1597- Marakkars defeated by combined forces of Portuguese
& the Zamorin
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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE
Q. How the Portuguese who entered in 1498- were
able to establish themselves by 1597 ?
Portuguese
- The story of Portuguese expansion in India I was the one
who discovered
(III) Vasco de Gama (2nd visit) India
(1502)
Spices
- Expanded trade
Cinnamon, pepper
Fietorias(factories)

- Came into conflict with the Zamorin (issue of Arabs traders)

- 1st factory – cochin (early capital- 1st fort 1503)

- 2nd factory – cannore, kollam (later)
- Will come to India 3rd time in 1524-26
- By 1503 – the king of Portugal declared direct control
Over Portuguese areas in India.
- Hence new viceroys were sent. Bete ka, Commander
ka, Boat ka….

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Sabka badla lega
Almeida

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Important Portuguese governors (helped in expansion)
1. Francisco de Almeida (1505-09)
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- Initially sent for three years

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- Aimà to build forts & factories

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- Capturingà Aden, Hormuz and Malacca from

Muslims
- 1509- Battle of Diu
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- build fortresses at Anjadiva, Cochin,

Cannanore and Kilwa - Defeated the combined Armies of Gujarat- Sultan,
- Came into conflict with Zamoring Egyptian Mamluk Sultan, Zamorin, also got help
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- Expansion of navy (coastal india) from Ottomans and the Venetian Rulers
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- Portuguese strategy of controlling the Indian

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- Capture of Anjediva
- Went towards Gujarat Ocean to route trade down the Cape of Good Hope,
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- Combined armies of Egypt + Gujarat

- 1508à Battle of Chaul & dabul - disrupting Muslim trade in the Indian Ocean,
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- Lost his son Lorenzo threatening Venetian interests as well,

- Next year- took revenge defeated the Gujarat
Rulers
- 1509- Battle of Diu & Chaul
- the Portuguese became able to undersell the
Venetians in the spice trade in Europe.
- Why the Portuguese won- ?
- no other rulers of the Indian subcontinent were
forthcoming against the Portuguese
- Starting point of Blue Water Policy

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

Portuguese

2. Alfonso De Alburquerque (1509-1515)

- Real founder
- Came to India in 1503 as commander
- Became 2nd governor in 1509
- Blue water policy continued
- Captured Goa from Bijapur (1510)- Adil Shah
- Expanded navyà Strait of Hormoz- defeated Mamluks
- - 1511- Straits of Malaccaà Spices islands

- Bengalà Hoogly, Balasore, captured

- Died in 1515.
Significance of Goa ?
Role of Alburquerque in Social Consolidation ?
Diplomacy ?

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Social Consolidation

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- Marry Indian women, Native women
were legally allowed property rights Significance of Goa ?
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Make them Portuguese
Sati abolishing
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- Opened up hospital for the poor
- new roads and irrigation works
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- tobacco and cashew nut

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Diplomacy
- Good relations with Vijayanagar
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- Krishna dev raya in 1520- gifted

them a fort
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- Sent embassies
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- Friar Luis @ Vijaynagar

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- Both had common enemies- Deccani

Sultanante
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- European Horses supplied to

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Vijaynagar

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

Portuguese

(1515-1529) India (map)

1526- 1st Panipat

Vacuum Period Babur defeated Ibrahim
- Total six Governors came Lodhi
- Important - Vasco da gama was Mughals Come to
- Appointed viceroy in 1524 Power
- Died @ cochin (shifted to goa)
- Total 3 voyages 1529- Death of
Krishnadev Raya
Weakening of
- 1526 King John III granted the Vijaynagar
city of Goa and its town hall the
same legal status as Lisbon Rise of the Deccani
Sultans

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1529-38 Nino De Cunha
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- Expansion of Portuguese colonies

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- Goa made the capital

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- Bahadur Shah of Gujarat- gave them

Bassein
- Daman (1531)
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- Bombay, Bassien (1534), Diu (1535)

- Shifting of capital to Goa.
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- Later on Bahadur Shah Killed on a boat

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incident
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After him àNot Important, WRT Governors

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But expansion of Portuguese Power took place, leading to their own

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administrative set up
They came into conflict with other Europeans from 1600 onwards
Mughals- Akbar had good relations
But from Shahjahan onwards the relations deteriorated
Marathas also defeated them

1962 – Last one Manuel Antonio Silva

Bhai….overall there were

Sil…Sil….how has
many things that can be
been the Portuguese
discussed ….
rule over India
Features of Portuguese rule ?
Impact of Portuguese on India ?
Decline of the Portuguese ?

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

Portuguese
Q. Features of Portuguese Rule in 16th & 17th Century ?

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Q. How did the decline of Portuguese took place?

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Post
3 Phases
1947

1612 1630-32 1741 1961-1962

Lost against Lost against Lost against - op. Vijay
British Shahjahan (Peshwa)
Marathas - (covered in Post
Independence
Course)
- Swally hole Bengal
(1612) (Hoogly) - Bassein
- Later on gave - Salcette
Bombay to 1663- Lost
British(1662) Malabar coast
to the Dutch

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

Portuguese Sil…Sil….Goan culture

inhone diya…..

Q. Impact of Portuguese on India?

Political Military Economic Socio- Cultural

Political Military Haan…jao thoda ghum ke

Blue water navy (post chloas) aao…Baga..Calungate…
- Political System Gun boat diplomacy
- Viceroy -Multi-Decked Ships, Use of canons on ships
- Goa(Way)@ Capital use of castled prow and stern
- Naval Supremacy use of body armour,
over Indian ocean matchlock men
system of drilling groups of infantry

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Economic

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Socio- Cultural
- Trade &
Commerce
- Sati abolishing
- Indo- Portuguese culture
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Printing Press
Bible
- Christianism-
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Translation
- St. Francis Xavier-
- Cash crops
- non-Christian communities, including
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Hindus, Muslims, and Bene Israelis were

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officially persecuted
- Convent Schools
- Architecture- Iberian style Tobacco Potato Corn Tomato
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- art of the silversmith and goldsmith

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

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 History by Pratik Nayak- PNLIVE

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THANKS!
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