History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE

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Modern History-
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18th Century India- Later Mughals & its Decline

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Presented by - Pratik Nayak

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE

Pratik Nayak

Educator- History, Art & Culture

BE Civil, M. Planning (CEPT University)

Worked at Govt. of Gujarat

Sources of Reading-

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Pratik Nayak- Workbook Comprehensive Coverage-
Running notes of the class Previous Years Questions

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Hello Learners- please find this workbook containing

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topics to covered
by

This workbook contains the compiled

information/facts/analysis sourced from various
sources.
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Join Pratik Nayak in the live class-

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Use code- PNLIVE for maximum discount

Contact for - 7825860097 / 8585858585

Ancient History- Pratik Nayak ©

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
MODERN INDIAN HISTORY

Q. How the British conquest took place?

केक कटे गा सबमे ऐसा कै से
बाटे गा

Europeans Princely states

Later Mughals MysoreMarathas

Bengal Deccan Awadh Sikh
Others (Delhi)
Portuguese Dutch French

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1612 1759 1760

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UNDERSTANDING THEMATICALLY
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1192

Delhi
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Entry of Europeans
1526 Sultanate
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Establishment of Empire
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1707 Mughals
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The rise of the Struggle for

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Marathas European Feudal States

1761 (1628-58, 1707-1761) Supremacy

The British
Conquest of India
1857 Political Integration

Indian Responseà Age of

1900 Revolts & Enlightenment

1947 Freedom Struggle

2022 We the People of India Indian Nation

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Sil…Sil….what was the
contemporary
condition…when other
Europeans entered &
Mughals were ruling at
that time
- Entry of Europeans
- Portuguese (1498)
- Dutch (1605)
- English (1608)
- French (1668)
(II) The rise & fall of Mughals- Advantage for the EIC
1192 1526
Delhi Mughals
Sultanate
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Babur (1526-30)
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Humayun
(1530-40,1555)
Akbar (1556-1605)
Jehangir (1605-28)
Shahjahan (1628-58)
Aurangzeb (1658-1707)
History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
Bhai….other Europeans
came in the early part of
17th Century & Mughals
were expanding till 18th
Century lets' see that
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1707 1761
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The rise of the Marathas
(1628-58, 1707-1761)
Afghan Interregnum - Entry of Europeans
Suris (1540-1555) - Portuguese (1498)
- Dutch (1605)
Later Mughals Europeans Struggle
1707-1857 for Supremacy-
- English (1608)
- French (1668)
The rise of the
Marathas
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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE

Entry of Europeans
Jehangir-
I am the
Jahanpanah

1605 onwards Period of Mughal Consolidation & Conquest

Expansion of Mughal Empire

By 1600s
Mughals
Consolidation Mercantilism Phase
Submission of European
Regional States जहाँपनाह
ऐसा कैसे तस
ु ी ,ेट
हो... Portuguese- 1498
Onwards
Dutch – 1605

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English- 1608

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Portuguese- 1498
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Onwards Trading Pattern

Dutch – 1605 Establishing Factories
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English- 1608
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Q. Entry of Dutch
Q. How did the British in India- 1605
Conquest over Portuguese onwards
took place ?

Q. Entry of British in India

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
India in 18th Century
मझु े पता था,
यह4 होने वाला
ह9....
By 1707 Later Mughals
came to power
1707 onwards Later Mughals
1857
Provincial Autonomy – Subahdars
1700s Onwards-
Fragmented
Polity

Regional States European supremacy

British French

- Let us first understand the role of later Mughals & Rise of regional states.

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- That eventually helped the British.

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Sil…Sil….ye kya ho
gaya…halat badal Haahaa….hota hai…hota
gaye…zazbaat badal hai…ye Itihaas hai mere
gaye…. dost…..

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 Post Aurangzeb- 1707 Onwards ???
History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
New Developments- Features of early 18th Century

On one side, Bahadur Shah-I (Later Mughal

King)
no position to militarily enforce its regulations
on the other parts of the empire

provincial governors started to assert their

authority
Formation of Regional Kingdoms took place

c.1707 and 1761 CE

resurgence of regional identities and
highlighted a sorry state of affairs

Mughal Courtà factions among the nobles

Role of King Makers- eg. The Sayyid Brothers

Foreign Invasions taking place-

1739- Nadir Shah

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1761- Ahmed Shah Abdali

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Economic decline going on- continuous wars
Stagnation in Agrilcutlre N
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Q. How the rise of princely states took place?

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- Mughal Empire – Weak by 1707

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18th Century political fragmentation

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- Later Mughals very weak Q. Story of

Later Mughal
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- Hence emergence of regional kingdoms

Kings ?

Successor New States Independent States

states
- Marathas - Mysore
Originally part - Sikhs - Kerala
of Mughal - Afghans - Rajput
- Hyderabad - Jats
- Carnatic - Nominally part
- Bengal - Result of of Mughal
- Awadh rebellion by - Completely
local chiefs independent by
18th century

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
India in 18th Century
Struggle for Growth of
Later Mughals (1707-
European Maratha
1857)
Supremacy Empire

1. 1707-1712 à Bahadur Shah-I

(Shah Alam-I)
- Killed own bro came to power Jats
Regional states
- Weak ruler Marathas

- Shah E palam Sikh Rajput

- policy of compromise towards the nobles

- Land grants in the form of Jagirs
- Real power- Wazirà Zulfiqar Khan
- Tolerant attitude,
- Released Chatrapati Shahu from captivity

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- Mansab to Guru Gobind Singh, rebellion
of Banda Bahudar

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- Independence of Mewar
- Called as (Shah-I-Bekhabar) N
- Constant infighiting
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- 1712- Jahandar came to power
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2. Jahandar Shah (1712-13)

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- Came to power- fight with bro’s

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- Helped by zulfiqar khan (wazir)

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- reversed many policies of Aurangzeb

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- friendly relations with the Rajputs, the Marathas,

- title of Mirza Raj Sawai on Jai Singh of Ambar and
- gave the title of Maharaja to Ajit Singh
- Fought against Banda Bahadur
- Improving finances, controlling Jagirs & mansabdars
- Started revenue farming- Ijarah
- Affair with lal kanwar

Growth of
- Toppled by nephew/brother - Farruk Siyar Maratha Empire
-Balaji
Vishwanath
-Chhatrapati
Shahu

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
Contemporary Europeans-
3. Farruk Siyar (1713- 19)
Expansion of British-Dutch-French

-Played big role in british conquest

-came to the throne with the help of
Saiyyad brothers

-Saiyyad Abdullah Khan – Wazir

-Hussain Ali Khan – Mir Bakshi

-reconcile with the Rajputs,

the Marathas, and the Jats
-execution of Banda Bahadur
- Abolished Jaziya & Pilgrim tax

- 1719- treaty with Peshwa

Balajivishanath
- Murder of Farruk Siyar

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- Farruk Siyar- Farmaan to East India
company

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- 1715- Farruk Siyar- Medical Treatment Needed
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- Helped by British official
- 1717- Granted Farman - British help to Farruk
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siyar
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- John sermon(fort William

EIC Governor)
- Subahdar will be called nawabs.
- Doctor William hamilton
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- Trade permits (Dastak) - Hence Enlarged post

- Coins, Fortifying
- Put trade by officials
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- Farman- Source of conflict

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By 1719- Farruk Killed by sayyid Bros.

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between Bengal & EIC

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4. Rafi-us-Darajat (c.1719 CE) 6. Mohammed Shah Rangeela

(1719-1748)
King makers- Sayyid Brothers Son of Jahan Shah
Revolt by Grandson of Aurtangzeb- Nikusiyar Kathak Dancer
Died of Tuberculosis Finally dislodged the Sayyid Brothers
Development of new statesà
5. Rafi-us-Daula (c.1719 CE)
Supplanted by Sayyid Brothers
Revolt by a noble- Hussain Ali
Imprisoned – Nikusiyar
Took title of Shah Jahan-II
Died of TB

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
Contemporary Europeans-
British vs Frenchà Conflict
6. Mohammed Shah Rangeela
Development of new statesà
- Marathas(1737)- Baj Rao-I
- Bengal(1717)- Murshid Quli khan
- Awadh(1722)- Saadat khan
- Hyderabad(1724)- Nizam ul mulk
- Invasion of Nadir shah(1740) रं गीला, तलवार
- Europeans नह-ं मार/ गे , हम
कह के ल/गे
Invasion of Nadir Shah
By 1739- invaded India
-Peshawar- Lahore- Karnal

-Rangeela- defeated, 25 crore to be paid

Territores taken away
Massacre & looting on mass level
Kohinoor Diamond, Peacock throne

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE

7. Ahmad Shah (c.1748–54 CE)

Son of Rangeela- Kudisya Begum (Dancer)
Invasion of Ahmed Shah Abdali
Treaty with the Marathas- Peshwa- Balaji Baji Rao
(Nanasaheb)
Imprisoned by wazir Itmad-ud-Daula

8. Alamgir II (c.1754–59 CE)

Invasions continued- Ahmed Shah Abdali
Murdered by wazir- Itmad ud- Daula

Shah Jahan III- 1759-60

Contemporary Europeans-

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British vs Frenchà Carnatic Wars

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British Conquest of Bengal- 1757
Battle of Plassey
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British defeated the Dutch- 1759 The period of 1720s-1760s
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Battle of Wandiwash Rising period of the Maratha Empire

The British also consolidated their bases
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Mughals were confined to regions around Delhi

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9. Aligauhar/Shah Alam II (c.1759–1806 CE)

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Contemporary EIC-
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Empire from Red fort to Palam British vs Frenchà End of Carnatic

‘Shah-e-Palam’ Wars- defeat of French @ Wandiwash-
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The rise of the Marathas & Decline- Nana Saheb 1760

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Third Battle of Panipat- 1761

Controlled by the wazir Battle of Buxar-1764
remained a refugee with Shuja-ud- Daula of Awadh Treaty of Allahbad
Returned to Delhi-1771
Anglo-Maratha War- 1775 to 1806

Anglo Mysore War- 1766 to 1799

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE

आज से तुम राजा
Contemporary East India Company
10. Akbar II (c.1806–1837 CE) 1. Role of Governor Generals-
Lord Wellesley (1798-1805)
Puppet into the hands of the EIC Lord Hastings (1813-1823)
Lord Hastings took away the privileges
Gave the title ‘Raja’ to Ram Mohan Roy Charter Act of 1813-
Wrote poetry 3rd Anglo-Maratha War- 1818
Hindu+Muslim unityà Phoolon ki sair Anglo-Nepal War- 18
Anglo Burma War- 1824-26
हम शहं शाह ए Charter Act of 1833- Governor General
AहंदC
ु तान है of India
11. Bahadur Shah II/Zafar (c.1837–57 CE)
Anglo-Afghan War- 1836-42
Power limited till Shahjahanbad Annexation of Sindh- 1843
Nominal head Anglo-Punjab War- 1844-49
Participated in the revolt of 1857 with Bakht
Khan Lord Dalhousie- 1848-56
Later on deported to Rangoon Doctrine of Lapse & Annexation of

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Urdu poetry- title ‘Zafar’ Princely States

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Revolt of 1857

Q. Decline of the Mughals ?

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Q. Decline of the Mughals & its outcome

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Internal External
- War state – Economic reasons - Constant Invasions
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- Rajput & Religion Policy

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- Aurangzeb – Deccan Ulcer

- Weak Successors
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Afghans Iranian
- No clears line of succession
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- Jagirdari crisis, Zamindar’s

allegiance changed
- Feudalism
- Rise of Regional States
- Nature of Mughal State
- Miliitary Weakness
- Rise of Marathas
- European Ascendancy(Blessing in
disguise)
18th Century-
Fragmented Polity

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE
Q. Clarify how mid-eighteenth century India was beset with the spectre of a fragmented polity.
(GS-2017)

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 History by Pratik Nayak-PNLIVE

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THANKS!
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