Task 2

Electromagnetic waves in bounded media

Individual work

Tutor: Omar Leonardo Leyton Mendieta

Student: Francisco Jose Velandia Rincon

Identification number: 13174642

Group: 33

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería

Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas

2022 16-04
 Exercises development

 Activity

 Answers: (write with your own words):

1. What are the propagation mechanisms of electromagnetic waves?

The waves don't travel directly from the transmitter to the receiver. During their journey, the

waves present certain phenomena that affect their free propagation causing changes in their

trajectory, these phenomena are called propagation mechanisms, which can be: reflection,

refraction, absorption, diffraction and dispersion.

2. What is the phenomenon of total reflection of an electromagnetic wave?

Reflection is the change in direction of a wave traveling in one medium when it strikes the

surface of a different medium. This phenomenon is based on 2 laws:

 The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence are

in the same plane.

 The angle of the incident ray and the angle of reflection are equal.

Figure 1. Reflexión y Refracción de Ondas. (s. f.). Fisicalab. Recuperado 15 de octubre de

2022, de https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/reflexion-refraccion-ondas
 3. What is the phenomenon of total refraction of an electromagnetic wave?

Refraction is the change of direction of the wave that occurs when the wave passes from the

initial media to another, the wave propagates in the new medium with different speed. This

phenomenon is based on two laws:

 The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal to the surface at the point of incidence are

in the same plane.

 Snell's law of refraction, which marks the relationship between the angle of incidence, the

angle of refraction, and the velocities of the waves in media 1 and 2, v1 and v2, according

to:

( ̂)
( ̂)

Figure 2. Reflexión y Refracción de Ondas. (s. f.). Fisicalab. Recuperado 15 de octubre de

2022, de https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/reflexion-refraccion-ondas
 4. What is the purpose of Snell's Law in the study of the propagation of waves?

Snell's law studies the behavior of the wave when it undergoes a refraction process. This law

explains the relationship between the refractive index and the angle of entry and exit of each media,

with respect to the normal. With these values we can also know the change in velocity that the wave

will undergo when changing media.

Figure 3. Cárdenas, J. (2022, 12 septiembre). Ley de Snell: enunciado, fórmulas y ejemplos

resueltos. Ciencias naturales básicas. Recuperado 15 de octubre de 2022, de

https://leerciencia.net/ley-de-snell-enunciado-formulas-y-ejemplos-resueltos/?amp=1

 Application exercise:

An electromagnetic wave of and travels through the air

( ) and collides perpendicularly on a plane wall of intrinsic impedance

( ) .
 Figure 4. Propagation of “normal wave” in infinite medium.

 Datos:

( )

 Calculate the reflected power and the transmitted power at the wall.

Step 1. We calculate the reflection coefficient:

Step 2. We calculate the Reflectance:

| | | |
Step 3. We calculate the Transmittance:

Step 4. We calculate the Reflected power:

| |

| |

Step 5. We calculate the Transmitted power:

| | ⁄

| | ⁄
Figure 5: Checking in the GeoGebra virtual scientific calculator.

Figure 6: Checking the exercise in the exercise tester.

  Interpretation: According to the power concepts, explain the meaning of the value

obtained for and

Since the power of the incident wave is , when it hits the wall, we see that

the reflected power is | | ; while the transmitted power is

| | ⁄ . If we add these values, we obtain the value of the incident

wave.

An electromagnetic wave of and is emitted by a

generator through the air ( ) and collides perpendicularly on a wall

of intrinsic impedance ( ) and 30𝑐 thick.

Figure 7. Propagation of “normal wave” in finite medium.

 Datos:
 𝑐 𝑐

Figure 8. Propagation of “normal wave” in finite medium

 Calculate the coefficient of reflection 𝚪 and transmission 𝝉 seen by the generator.

 Step 1. We calculate the phase constant.

 Step 2. We find input impedance.

( )
( )

( )
( )
 Step 3. We find the coefficient of reflection ( ).

( )
( )

 Step 4. We calculate the transmittance ( ).

| |

| |

 Step 5. We calculate the reflectance ( ).

 Step 6. We calculate the coefficient of reflection ( ).

 Step 7. We calculate the transmittance ( ).

| |

| |

 Step 8. We calculate the reflectance ( ).

 Determine in [%] and [ / 2] the power 𝒕 that is transmitted to the receiver

 Step 9. Power transmitted to the receiver.

 Step 10. Total power transmitted.

| 𝒕 | 𝒕 | |

| 𝒕 | | |

| 𝒕 |
Figure 9: Checking in the GeoGebra virtual scientific calculator.

Figure 10: Checking the exercise in the exercise tester.

 Video link

URL:
 References

 Reference 1:

Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Academic Press. (pp. 519-524).

http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_519

 Reference 2:

Wiley, J. & Sons Ltd. (2003). Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. Fixed Broadband Wireless.

(pp. 25-70).

http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=aci&AN=14505422&lang=es&site=ehost-live

 Reference 3:

Reflexión y Refracción de Ondas. (s. f.). Fisicalab. Recuperado 15 de octubre de 2022, de

https://www.fisicalab.com/apartado/reflexion-refraccion-ondas

 Reference 4:

Cárdenas, J. (2022, 12 septiembre). Ley de Snell: enunciado, fórmulas y ejemplos resueltos.

Ciencias naturales básicas. Recuperado 15 de octubre de 2022, de https://leerciencia.net/ley-

de-snell-enunciado-formulas-y-ejemplos-resueltos/?amp=1

 VIO (Virtual information objects)

Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Snell Law. VIO [Virtual Information Object].

http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13140

Leyton, O., & Miranda, J. (2022). Perpendicular incidence of electromagnetic waves. VIO

[Virtual Information Object]. https://repository.unad.edu.co/handle/10596/50161