 Types of Reading Difficulties

According to Robbins (2012) concludes the sign of reading difficulties

include:

 Difficulty pronouncing/sounding out words

 Trouble understanding/remembering what was read

 Slow rate when reading aloud

 Ignoring punctuation when reading

 Confusing letters

These difficulties of reading performance can be impacted by

impairments in many different areas including:

 Decoding

 Vocabulary

 Reading fluency

 Comprehension

 Inferencing

 Attention

 Memory

In general these difficulties proposed by Robbins (2012) can affect the

reading comprehension difficulties of the learners . This study serves as

guide for the current researcher to determine the types of difficulties and

factors that can impaired the reading comprehension of the first year BAEL
students.

 Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension Difficulties.

From the study of Dickinson and Neuman (2006) they point out that

there are a lot factors of reading difficulties, and those factors will be

discussed in the table below.

Internal factors External factors

Language and hearing difficulties Socio-economic factors

Limited proficiency in english Domestic environment

Raised in poverty

The table above showed the internal and external factors affecting the

reading comprehension difficulties.

The big factors that affect the reading comprehension of the students

are the Language and hearing difficulties and limited proficiency in english

based on the study of Dickinson and Neumam. While external factors socio-

economic, domestic environment, and raised in poverty are also the factors

that affect reading comprehension.

This study conducted by Jayanti (2016) concluded that there are factors
that affect students’ learning in reading comprehension. These factors are

presented in the box below.

Internal factors External factors

Vocabulary knowledge

Syntactic and semantic analysis of

text

Making inferential meaning

Strategy use and

students ‘ feeling during reading.

According to Lerner (2000), children who able to read more become

better readers. The practice of reading is an essential substance to develop the

cognitive skills in achieving the target capacity of a student to comprehend a

text or content. This form of practice could help children to enhance their

ability not only to read fast but to comprehend as well. In addition, the

learning materials should not be ignored or disregard without knowing the

influence of these important materials that can be used in purpose.

A study of Davoudi and Yousefi (2015), revealed that there are factors
that cause the difficulties in reading comprehension.

Internal factors External factors

Biological sources Environmental

Instructional

Based on the study of Davoudi and Yousefi (2015), TheBiological

sources under the Internal factors can affect the difficulties the students,

reading comprehension, like for an instance, when a student from a family

who do not know well the english language. Biological sources could be a

reason to their learning and may cause difficulties. Whereas, external factors

include environmental and instructional that lead to reading impairment.