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Traditional and Digital Media
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‫ن‬
Jordanian Writers Uses and Gratifications’ of

Traditional and Digital Media
Prepared By
Muna Ahmad AlGMasri
Advisor
Prof. Dr. Issam Suleiman AlGMousa
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to identify the communication habits of
Jordanian writers towards the traditional and digital media and the
gratifications achieved. The study also aimed to know how much the
writers had contributed in creating the mass culture presented by the
media.
To achieve these purposes, the researcher had designed a
questionnaire, which was used as a tool for collecting and gathering the
needed information from the targeted group.
The target group consisted from writers who are members of the
Jordanian Writers & Literatures Union while the study sample group
consisted of 25% of the members of the target group and it was randomly
selected.
‫س‬
The most significant findings of the study were the following:
• The most media used by writers are the books and daily
newspapers then come satellite channels.
• With regard to the number of hours, that member of the study
sample spent on media. were reading books, which had the
highest rate of exposure, as members of the sample were
exposed to a rate of (4]6) hours a day, and then come surfing
the Internet, while cinemas got the largest proportion of the
unwatched media's with 77.2% of the sample.
• Al]Jazeera satellite news channel has the highest percentage of
preference by the writers, as (70.0%) of the sample group
preferred, and Jordan satellite channel came in second rating
(33.3%), followed in third place by Al]Arabiya News Channel and
got preference (23.3%).
• Amman Radio got the highest percentage of preference of the
Audio Media followed by BBC Radio.
• Al]Dustor daily newspaper got the first place in terms of readable
Media and received the highest percentage of preference
compared to other daily newspapers, followed by Al]Rai

‫ع‬
newspaper favored by (56.7%) of the sample, and at the level of
weekly newspapers the Witness weekly got highest rate of
preference for a (16.7%) of the sample.
• Utilitarian motives ranked higher than ritual motives, the main
motives or reasons for the sample to watch or follow]up the
media is to be updated and to know the local news, Arab and
international news. Ritual motives (spending times and
entertainment) were at the lowest ranking.
• The study found that each of paragraph (my knowledge and my
information increased) and (become more able to analyze events
and current news) is one of the most important gratifications
generated by the media for writers.
• The study showed that (65%) of the study sample group are
involved in the creation of the media message, either by working
as TV & Radio presenter, or through writing in newspapers and
magazines.
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)‪ 0‬ه>ا اﻝ‪f‬ال ﺏ>آ أ)‪ k‬ﺙ‪A‬ث‬
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‪ r4‬ﺏﻡ‪A‬آ‪ G2‬ﻝ
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‪$F‬ن ﻡ"وﻥ ;‪Fu .‬‬
‫ا‪h‬ﻥﻥ‪ ،x‬وه‪ 0‬ﻥ ﻡ‪ 0) ،4B‬اﻝ
(ﺏ ){ن ﻥ )‪ (%27.1‬ﻡ أ)اد اﻝ‪ 4‬ی
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‫;‪ Fu .‬ا‪h‬ﻥﻥ‪ ،x‬ﻥ‪ v‬ﻡ ه>‪ N‬اﻝ ‪ H‬أن هك أﺱﺏً أﺥى ‪j‬ﺱ"ام ﻥ آ ة ﻡ أ)اد‬
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8‬ﻡ ا‪h‬ﻥﻥ‪ ،x‬ه‪ 0‬ﻡرآ ﻡ?"ودة و‪ 8‬ﻥ ً‪.‬‬
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‫‪68‬‬
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‫‪0.296‬‬ ‫‪184.000‬‬ ‫‪229.00‬‬ ‫‪25.44‬‬ ‫‪1601.00‬‬ ‫‪31.39‬‬ ‫* ‪7‬‬
‫‪0.066‬‬ ‫‪159.000‬‬ ‫‪204.00‬‬ ‫‪22.67‬‬ ‫‪1626.00‬‬ ‫‪31.88‬‬ ‫'‪ 4+‬‬
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‫‪0.186‬‬ ‫‪169.500‬‬ ‫‪334.50‬‬ ‫‪37.17‬‬ ‫‪1495.50‬‬ ‫‪29.32‬‬ ‫‪3
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‫‪0.096‬‬ ‫‪152.500‬‬ ‫‪351.50‬‬ ‫‪39.06‬‬ ‫‪1478.50‬‬ ‫‪28.99‬‬ ‫‪1U‬‬
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0.002 15.072 25.181 36.441 39.500 53.250
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0.189 4.776 35.525 26.712 32.563 27.417
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86
:N 0
• Ancu,M and Cozma,R. (2009) MY Space Politics: Uses and
Gratifications of Befriending candidates. Journal of
Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53 (4), 567]583.
• Papacharissi,Z and Mendelson,A,L. (2007) An Exploratory
Study of Reality Appeal: Uses and Gratifications of Reality
TV Shows. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media
,51,( 2), 355]370.
• Barton, K, M. (2009) Reality Television Programming and
Diverging Gratifications: The Influence of Content on
Gratifications Obtained. Journal of Broadcasting &
Electronic Media, 53, (3), 460]476.
• LaRose, R and Eastin, M, S. (2004) A Social Cognitive
Theory of Internet Uses and Gratifications: Toward a New
Model of Media Attendance. Journal of Broadcasting &
Electronic Media, 48, (3), 358]377.

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‫ ؟‬2 ) ‫ اﺥی واﻝ(اءة‬l‫ ﻡ‬2‫ ﺏ‬G‫ه‬B‫~ اﻝ‬F
‫ ی‬،( ‫ )أو أآ‬5‫ أ‬C‫ه ( ﻝ‬ .10
Y( ) ...................................:&ً`m &‫ده‬,‫ ﺡ‬،$‫) ( ﻥ‬
‫ردن ؟‬6‫ ﺥرج ا‬x; ‫ه‬ .11
Y( ) .............................:.‫ أ‬1‫`ً& اذآ‬m ،$‫) ( ﻥ‬

: 0‫ﻡ اﻝ?ﻝ‬8h‫ن ا‬F‫ ﻡ‬.12
1xxxxxt ( ) ,xxxxx-‫ إر‬xxxxx(,‫) ( ﻡ‬ ‫&ء‬xxxxx'‫ر‬n ‫ ا‬xxxxx(,‫) (ﻡ‬ ‫&ن‬xxxxx% xxxxx(,‫) ( ﻡ‬

...............................................:(>‫د‬,‫)ﺡ‬3 ‫ذ‬
x-&8‫ إ‬.x‫ ﻡ‬1x<‫&ر أآ‬xUj‫ ا‬3x(2%) &x9 ‫ض‬1$U‫& ﺕ‬U ‫ ا\^ﻡ ا‬V]& ‫ ا‬.‫د أي ﻡ‬,‫`& ﺡ‬m .13
: (z&(% ‫&ر ا‬UjY‫ ا‬,( x ‫ إﺵ&رة‬k‫ ﺽ‬-
‫ض‬0‫ة ا‬0 ‫ض‬0‫ ا‬u‫ﻥ‬
‫ة‬xxxxxxxxxxxx0 ‫ة‬xxxxxxxxxxxx0 ‫ة‬xxxxxxxxxxxx0 ‫ة‬xxxxxxxxxxxx0 Q ,"w‫ﺱ ! ا‬F‫ا‬ #`‫ا‬
‫ﻥدرًا‬ ً ‫أﺡ ﻥ‬ ًA‫دا‬
‫اء‬ H‫ ة ا‬9z‫<ح ا‬H‫ا‬ >
6‫أ‬
)‫رﺽ‬q‫`&زا‬U ‫ا‬ 13-1
)]&` ‫`&ز ا‬U ‫ا‬ 13-2
‫ ا ﻡ‬:l ‫ا‬ 13-3
:lxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ‫ا‬ 13-4

Wq‫ا‬
‫&ت ا\ذا‬m% ‫ا‬ 13-5
#‫ﻥ‬1U‫ا\ﻥ‬ 13-6
‫^ت‬d% ‫ا‬ 13-7
zU2 ‫ا‬ 13-8
&%([ ‫دورا‬ 13-9
,xx( x ‫&رة‬x‫ إﺵ‬kxx‫ ﺽ‬- x‫ ا\^ﻡ‬V]&xx ‫> ا‬rx9 3xx‫ﺽ‬1$‫&&ت ﺕ‬x ‫د‬,xx &ًxW1‫د ﺕ‬,xx‫& ﺡ‬x`m .14
:z&(% ‫&ر ا‬UjY‫ا‬
‫ض‬0‫"د ﺱ"ت ا‬
& d‫أآ‬ & d‫أآ‬ 4-2 ! ‫ﺱ‬F‫ا‬
& `‫أ‬ #`‫ا‬
>
6‫ أ‬Q 8-‫ﺱ"ت‬6 6-‫ﺱ"ت‬4 ‫ﺱ"ت‬ ,"w‫ا‬
& 0"‫ﺱ‬
ً F ‫ﺱ"ت‬ ً F ‫ﺱ"ت‬ ً F
‫&ز‬xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxÙ ‫ا‬ 14-1
)‫رﺽ‬q‫ا‬
‫&ز‬xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxÙ ‫ا‬ 14-2
)]&` ‫ا‬
:lxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ‫ا‬ 14-3
‫ا ﻡ‬
:lxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ‫ا‬ 14-4
Wq‫ا‬
‫&ت‬xxxxxxxxxxxxxm% ‫ا‬ 14-5
‫ا\ذا‬
#‫ﻥ‬1U‫ا\ﻥ‬ 14-6
‫^ت‬d% ‫ ا‬14-7
zU2 ‫ ا‬14-8
&%([ ‫ دور ا‬14-9
: 3, U ‫ أو‬z[‫ً& ﺡ‬W‫ﺕ‬1‫&ء ﻡ& ) ﻡ‬%‫ أ‬1‫`ً& أذآ‬m .15
l‫ أﺏ‬j (3) (2) (1) ‫ﻡ‬A;h‫ ا‬w‫ﺱ‬$‫اﻝ‬ G8‫اﻝ‬
~‫ ﻝ"ی‬kB‫ﻥ ﻡ‬$‫ی‬iB ‫ات‬$8 ‫ث‬A‫ﺙ‬ 15-1
~‫ ﻝ"ی‬kB‫ﻡ ﻡ‬$‫ث ﺹ? ی‬A‫ﺙ‬ 15-2
~‫ ﻝ"ی‬kB‫; ﻡ‬$‫ أﺱ‬H‫ث ﺹ‬A‫ﺙ‬ 15-3
2?B kB ‫وﻥ‬F‫ إﻝ‬l8‫ا‬$‫ﺙ ﻡ‬A‫ﺙ‬ 15-4
~‫ ﻝ"ی‬kB‫ث إذا;ت ﻡ‬A‫ﺙ‬ 15-5
~‫ ﻝ"ی‬kB‫ت ﻡ‬AH‫ث ﻡ‬A‫ﺙ‬ 15-6
:z&(% ‫&ر ا‬UjY‫ ا‬,( x ‫ إﺵ&رة‬k‫ ﺽ‬- &U ‫ ا‬V]& 3`‫ ﺕ‬8‫د در‬,‫`ً& ﺡ‬m .16
VÙ ‫ ا‬8‫در‬
&90‫ أ‬Y &90‫أ‬ &90‫أ‬ V]& ‫ا‬ '1 ‫ا‬
&90‫ أ‬Y &90‫أ‬
&ًm‫ﻡ‬ &‫ ﻡ‬,‫إ ﺡ‬ ‫ًا‬1<‫آ‬
Vxxxxxxx<‫ ﻡ‬xxxxxxx,U ‫ ا‬V]&xxxxxxx ‫ا‬
‫ وا\ذا‬:l ‫ا‬ 16-1
Vxxxxxxxx<‫ ﻡ‬xxxxxxxx%'1 ‫ ا‬V]&xxxxxxxx ‫ا‬ 16-2

‫ وا `&]&ت‬#‫ﻥ‬1U‫ا\ﻥ‬
% ‫ ا\^م ا‬V]&‫و‬ 16-3
-1$ ‫ ا\^م ا‬V]&‫و‬ 16-4
xxxxxx ‫و‬, ‫^م ا‬xxxxxx\‫ ا‬V]&xxxxxx‫و‬ 16-5

)- ‫ '(&ة‬V<‫ )ﻡ‬-1$ &- {&( ‫ا‬
(-1$ ‫) ) ا‬-
xxxxxx ‫و‬, ‫^م ا‬xxxxxx\‫ ا‬V]&xxxxxx‫و‬ 16-6
W(8‫&ت أ‬T- {&( ‫ا‬
xxxx901U ‫ ا‬xxxx-1$ ‫ ات ا‬xxxx( ‫ا‬ 16-7
(&‫ '( ات روﺕ&ﻥ‬V<‫)ﻡ‬
3xx(2%) ‫(؟‬:lxx ‫ ا‬،xx‫ ا\ذا‬،‫ ن‬xxnÙ ‫ )ا‬xx‫ ا\^ﻡ‬V]&xx ‫ ا‬k-&xxU‫&ذا ﺕ‬xx% ،‫&م‬xx V2;xx- .17
(z&(% ‫&ر ا‬UjY‫ ا‬,( x ‫ إﺵ&رة‬k‫ ﺽ‬- -&8‫ إ‬.‫ ﻡ‬1<‫&ر أآ‬Uj‫ا‬
-&8\‫ا‬ ‫&ب‬Wq‫ا‬ '1 ‫ا‬
‫اغ‬1` ‫ ا‬#'‫ء و‬V‫ وﻡ‬#' ‫ ا‬%U 17-1
01U ‫[ وا‬U 17-2
Ùb% ‫ وا ار ا‬0&< ‫ ا‬p‫اﻡ‬1W ‫ ا‬$-&U% 17-3
‫ ﻡ&ت‬$% ‫ وا‬01$% ‫[&ب ا‬U‫آ‬Y 17-4
‫و‬, ‫ وا‬-1$ ‫ وا‬% ‫&ر ا‬Wjq‫ ا‬$-&U% 17-5
‫&ت‬xxxx &$` ‫&ر وا‬xxxxWjq‫اث وا‬,xxxx‫ة ﺡ‬1xxxx‫&ﺵ‬W% ‫ ا‬xxxx$-&U% 17-6

&9 '‫` ﺡ&ل و‬Ub% ‫ا‬
>rxxx‫ ه‬xxxU‫& ﺕ‬xxx‫^ل ﻡ‬xxxj .xxx‫&دل اراء ﻡ‬xxxW‫;&رآ وﺕ‬xxx% 17-7
&`‫ ﺕ‬.‫ ﻡ‬V]& ‫ا‬
1xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxj zW[xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 17-8
.......................................................:(>‫د‬,xx‫)ﺡ‬
.......................
‫&ر‬xUjY‫ ا‬,x( x ‫&رة‬x‫ إﺵ‬kx‫ ﺽ‬- x-&8‫ إ‬.x‫ ﻡ‬1x<‫&ر أآ‬xUj‫ ا‬3(2%) ‫؟‬#‫ﻥ‬1U‫م ا\ﻥ‬,bU[‫&ذا ﺕ‬% .18
(z&(% ‫ا‬
-&8\‫ا‬ ‫&ب‬Wq‫ا‬ '1 ‫ا‬
‫ة‬,,8 ‫ ﻡ&ت‬$‫[&ب ﻡ‬U‫اآ‬ 18-1
.1j‫ ا‬k‫ ﻡ‬V!‫ ا‬U ‫ا‬ 18-2
‫وﻥ‬1U2 q‫&ر ا‬Wjq‫ ا‬k'‫^ل ﻡ ا‬j .‫&ر ﻡ‬Wjq‫ ا‬$-&U‫ﻡ‬ 18-3
‫اغ‬1` ‫ ا‬#'‫ و‬%‫[ وﺕ‬U ‫ا‬ 18-4
3llb‫&ل ﺕ‬d‫) ﻡ‬0 ‫ات‬,dU[% ‫ف ا‬1$U ‫ا‬ 18-5
)‫وﻥ‬1U2 \‫ ا‬,1W ‫^ل ا‬j .‫ ﻡ‬V]&1 ‫&دل ا‬W‫ﺕ‬ 18-6

‫ ‪ l‬ل ﻡ‪ $‬ﻡ‪&x‬ت ‪ 1xt‬ﻡ‪&U‬ﺡ‪ )x0 x‬ا ‪ V]&x‬ا\^ﻡ‪x‬‬ ‫‪18-7‬‬
‫ا‪1jq‬ى‬
‫ﻡ‪ $-&U‬ﻡ ا'‪ 0&u k‬ﻡ‪,‬دة‬ ‫‪18-8‬‬
‫ ‪ 81‬ع إ ' ا‪ ,‬ا ‪ $%‬ﻡ&ت‬ ‫‪18-9‬‬
‫‪ .19‬ﻡ& رأ‪ )0 3‬ازد&د أ‪,‬اد و&]‪ V‬ا‪^Y‬م ا ‪ ,U‬وا ‪ )0 %'1‬ا‪q‬ردن و‪&j‬ر‪ 8‬؟‬
‫‪ q‬ﻡ‪$‬ا)‪r‬‬ ‫ﻡ?ی"‬ ‫ﻡ‪$‬ا)‪r‬‬ ‫اﻝ‪
H‬اﻝ"اﻝ ;‪ .‬ا‪NHj‬‬ ‫اﻝ‪G8‬‬
‫إن ازدید أ;"اد وﺱ‪ w‬ا‪A;j‬م اﻝ( "ی )‪ 0‬ا‪j‬ردن‬ ‫‪19-1‬‬
‫هة ﺱ ‪ q‬ﻡ‪" B‬ة ﻝ
‪l
H‬‬
‫إن ازدید أ;"اد وﺱ‪ w‬ا‪A;j‬م اﻝ( "ی )‪ 0‬ا‪6‬ردن‬ ‫‪19-2‬‬
‫هة إی‪H‬ﺏ ﻡ‪" B‬ة ﻝ
‪l
H‬‬
‫إن ازدید أ;"اد وﺱ‪ w‬ا‪A;j‬م اﻝ‪ 0)

8‬ا‪6‬ردن‬ ‫‪19-3‬‬
‫هة ﺱ ‪ q‬ﻡ‪" B‬ة ﻝ
‪l
H‬‬
‫إن ازدید أ;"اد وﺱ‪ w‬ا‪A;h‬م اﻝ‪ 0)

8‬ا‪6‬ردن‬ ‫‪19-4‬‬
‫هة إی‪H‬ﺏ ﻡ‪" B‬ة ﻝ
‪l
H‬‬
‫إن ازدید أ;"اد وﺱ‪ w‬ا‪A;j‬م اﻝ‪

8‬واﻝ( "ی‬ ‫‪19-5‬‬
‫اﻝ‪4‬ﺏ هة ﺱ ‬
‫إن ازدید أ;"اد وﺱ‪ w‬ا‪A;j‬م اﻝ( "ی واﻝ‪

8‬‬ ‫‪19-6‬‬
‫اﻝ‪4‬ﺏ هة إی‪H‬ﺏ ‬
‫ﺱه
‪ x‬وﺱ‪ w‬ا‪A;j‬م اﻝ( "ی واﻝ‪ 0)
8‬ﻥ‬ ‫‪19-7‬‬
‫اﻝ
‪ 0) )4‬اﻝ
‪ .; l
H‬ﻥق أوﺱ‪ l‬ﻡ اﻝﺏ‪r‬‬
‫ﻝ‪ G‬ه‪ G‬وﺱ‪ w‬ا‪A;j‬م اﻝ( "ی واﻝ‪ 0)

8‬ﻥ‬ ‫‪19-8‬‬
‫اﻝ
‪ 0) )4‬اﻝ
‪ .; l
H‬ﻥق أوﺱ‪ l‬ﻡ اﻝﺏ‪r‬‬
‫‪ .20‬ﻡ& ا\ﺵ‪&&W‬ت ا ‪ 3 U%‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﻡ‪ $-&U‬ا &]‪ V‬ا\^ﻡ )ا ‪ ,U‬وا ‪V2;x- (%'1‬‬
‫&م؟ )‪ 3(2%‬ا‪&Uj‬ر أآ<‪ 1‬ﻡ‪ .‬إ‪ - -&8‬ﺽ‪ k‬إﺵ&رة ‪ ,( x‬ا‪&UjY‬ر ا ‪(z&(%‬‬
‫ﺕ‪,- #‬ر‪8‬‬
‫ ﺕ‪ U‬ﻡ‪&ً m‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ #‬ﺕ‪&%‬ﻡ ً&‬ ‫ا‪"<|w‬ت‬ ‫ا`‪#‬‬
‫ﻡ‪m U‬‬
‫ازدادت ﻡ‪ )U01$‬وﻡ‪ $‬ﻡ&ﺕ)‬ ‫‪20-1‬‬
‫ﻡ(‪ )(U‬ا ‪1‬اﺡ وا‪&j1UY‬ء‬ ‫‪20-2‬‬
‫&‪,‬ﺕ() ‪ )0‬ز&دة ﺕ ا!) ا‪)&%U8Y‬‬ ‫‪20-3‬‬

‫&‪,‬ﺕ() ‪ )0‬ا ‪ [U‬وﻡ‪V‬ء أو'&ت ا `‪1‬اغ‬ ‫‪20-4‬‬
‫&‪,‬ﺕ() ‪ )0‬ﺕ;‪ V2‬را]) واﺕ‪&d‬ه&ﺕ) ﺡ ل ا ‪ ,,$‬ﻡ‪.‬‬ ‫‪20-5‬‬

‫ا ‪ %‬ﺽ &ت وا &&‬
‫اآ‪ #W[U‬ﻡ‪&9‬رات وﻡ‪ $‬ﻡ&ت ‪,,8‬ة‬ ‫‪20-6‬‬
‫أ!‪ #Wxx‬أآ<‪,xx' 1xx‬رة ‪ xx‬ﺕ‪ Vxx‬ا‪q‬ﺡ‪,xx‬اث وا‪&x Wjq‬ر‬ ‫‪20-7‬‬

‫ا ‪&d‬ر‬
‫ازدادت ﻡ‪ )$%Ud%- )U01$‬ا‪q‬ردﻥ)‬ ‫‪20-8‬‬
‫أ!‪ #W‬أآ<‪,' 1‬رة ﻡ(&'; ﻡ ﺽ &ت ‪,,8‬ة‬ ‫‪20-9‬‬
‫ازدادت ﻡ‪&$%Ud% &- )U01$‬ت ا ‪ -1$‬وا‪W(8q‬‬ ‫‪20-10‬‬
‫‪ )(U$8‬أآ<‪ 1‬اﻥ`‪&U‬ﺡً& ا ‪ &$‬ﻡ‪ .‬ﺡ )‬ ‫‪20-11‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ xx #xx01$‬و‪&xx98‬ت ا (‪ 1xx‬ا‪1xxjq‬ى ا ‪&$%‬رﺽ‪) xx‬أو‬ ‫‪20-12‬‬

‫‪ 1t‬ا ‪ ,,$ (>,s%‬ﻡ‪ .‬ا ‪ %‬ﺽ &ت ا ‪1m%‬وﺡ‬
‫;
‪ *'+ H" ./
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‫‪Muna_petra@hotmail.com‬‬
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Jordanian Writers Uses and Gratifications' of Traditional and Digital Media

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Jordanian Writers Uses and Gratifications’ of

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Jordanian Writers Uses and Gratifications’ of

The purpose of this study is to identify the communication habits of

writers had contributed in creating the mass culture presented by the

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