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a0;aeao;onfh Tc&D;
a0;aeao;onfh Tc&D;
ࠊ߾
ࠥࠧ ࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠛ
ࠨ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ
ࠖࡺࠨࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺࠓ
࠰ ࠓ
࠱ࠤࡵ߾
࠴ ࠰
࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺࠀ
࠰ ࠓ
࠭ ࠓ
࠱ࠤ ࠀߺࠖ
࠰ ߺ࠲࠰ࠐ߿ࠏ
࠰ ࠳ࠤࠩࠎ࠲߾࠰
߿ࠩ
ࠦ ࠌࠣ ߿߾ࡥ࠰ࠏࠫࠥ߾ࠛ
࠰ ߿ࠕ
ࠦ ߾
࠰ ߿
࠭ ࠤ
࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࡵ
ࠧ ߿
࠴ ࠰ ࠁࠖ
ࠨ ߾
ࠥࠧ ࠖ
࠰
ǤǤͶͳ͵ǡ
ͷͲͲͲͲ
̷ϐǤ
ǤϐǤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ (࠲ࠓࠎࠓ
࠰ ࠤࡵ߾ ࠰ )࠭
ࠥࠧ ߾
a0;aeao՝onfh Tc&D;
ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ
ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎ࠲߾࠰
߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ ߿߾࠰ࡥࠏࠥࠫ߾࠰ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤ
࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠁࠨࠖࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠖ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ (࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭)
trsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJ‹csKyf (jrefrmEkdifiH)
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ (࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭) ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠴ ࠘ࠓࠧࠥ߾ ߾࠰࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰࠭
ߺ࠳࠲ࠪ ࠏࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠥ߾ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠶࠸ ࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࡵ࠴߾ ߾࠰࠰ ߿ࠧࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰
ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠓࠥࠊ࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡄ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠖࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠶࠻ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾ࠊࠥ ࠰ࠊࠧ߾ ࠥ ࠰ ࡶ࠴ࠥࠪࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ߿ ࠴ ࠊ
࠰ ߾࠳ ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠛ࠭ ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰߿߿ࠩࠀ࠘࠭
߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠘࠭ࠧ ࠘ࠏ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴߿ࡂ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠕ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ ࠧࠥ߾ࡦ࠰ ߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠩࠎࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠎࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ߺࠊࠥࠩࠏࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ
߿ࠤ࠱ࠧࠫࠏ࠰ࠏࠣ ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖࠧࠥߺ࠰ࠎࠤ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠓࡶ࠴ࠥߺࠥࠧ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠩࠖࠖࠤ
࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠶࠸ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠴ ࡺࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰
ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠳߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨ࠘ࠤ࠱߾࠰߿ࠤࠎࠤࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ ߿ࠤࠎࠤࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࠓ
ࠛߺࠨࠛࠄࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ ࠛࠪࠎ࠰࠱ࠦࠛࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠏ߾࠰ࠖ ࠖ࠴࠴࠱߾࠰ ࠓࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘࠳ࠤࠖࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ ࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠖࠖࠤ
ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠓࠥࠊࠥࠧࡹ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾ࠛ ࠰ ࠩࠕ ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠀ ߾
ࠥࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰
ࠕࡶ࠴ࠓ ࠥ ࠓ
࠱ࠤ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠋࠛ ࠧ ࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫ ࠛࠐ࠳ ࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡵࠥ߾ ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠩ
࠭ ࠕ
ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾ࠊ ࠰ ߺ࠳ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠆࠤࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠏࠣ ࠋࠪࠋࠪ࠵߾࠰࠵߾࠰ ࠱ࠥࠊ ࠊ࠰࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰
ࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࡄ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭ࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠓࠥࠓࠥࠊࠥࠧࡹ ࠏ࠭ࠧࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠋࠤ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ߺ࠱ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠊࠨߺ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠏࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧ
ࠊ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ǤǤͶͳ͵ǡ
ͷͲͲͲͲ
̷Ǥ
ǤǤ
aus;Zl;wifv$m
ࠓࠥࠓࠥࠊࠥࠧࡹࠛࠤ ࠵ࠥࠧ߾࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠄࠦࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࠩࠏࠪࡤߺࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠊ࠘ࠦࠏࠧࡈࠖߺࠨࠄࠦ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ߺࠄࠦ
ࠨࠄࠓࠦ ࠓࠏࠣࡶ࠴ࠥࠏࠪ
ࠝࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠝߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠩࠕ࠘ࠤࠊ߾࠰
ࠤࠊ߾࠰࠲ࠏࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠓࠄ࠰
ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࡀ ࠋࠧࠥࡹ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠄࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࠩࠏࠪ
ࠪࡤߺࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠩࠋ࠳ࠩࠋ࠳ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠛ࠘߾࠰
ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰߿ࠎ߿࠰ ࠎࠔ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠛߺࠨࠛࠄࠦࠩࠏࠩࠕ ࠄࡰࠎ࠰ࡺࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠐࠪ࠳ࡺ
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠎ࠰ࡹ࠳ࠤࠊࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠔࠤࠔࠦࠛࠋࠨࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠤ࠱ߺ࠰
ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠓࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠋࠤ࠵ࠔ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠘ࠓࡈ
ࡵࠧ߾
ࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠊ
࠭ ߺࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࠓ࠙ࠧࠊࠩ
࠰ ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺࠓࠤࡡࡹߺࠧࠖ࠘ࠓࡈ
ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ ߺࠓࠤࡡࡹߺࠧࠖ࠘ࠓࡈ ࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰
ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠄࠦࠄࡰࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠐߺ࠰ࠌࠕࠔ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰߿ࠦ
ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࡶࠧ࠭ ߺࠓࠤࡡࡺߺࠧࠖ࠘ࠓࡈ ࠖࠨࠞࠦ ࠩࠕࠀࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠕ࠭ࠏࠩ
ࠧ࠭ ߾࠳ࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ
ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࡶࠧ࠭ ࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ߺࠓࠤࡡࡺߺࠧࠖ࠘ࠓࡈ ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕ࠭ࠏࠧ࠭ࠩ߾࠳ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
ߺࠨߺࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࡶࠧ࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ
ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࡶࠧ࠭ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ (࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠧࠥ߾࠰)
ߺࠔࠎ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࡶࠧ࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰
ࠖࠤ࠙ࠨࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࡶࠧ࠭ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠀࠎ࠰ࡺߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ (࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭)
ࠛ࠘߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤߺ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠔߺ࠰ - ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤ
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴߾࠰
1? tESpfcsKyf
࠶࠾࠻࠷ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠓ
࠰ ࠴ ࠷࠵࠶࠶ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠛ
࠰ ࠋࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡦߺࠦ߿ࠥࠧ ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿߿࠰ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࡄ ࠐࠥࡵࠏ
࠴ࠥ ࠛ
࠰ ࠏ
ࠧ
࠰ ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓࠓ
࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠐࠥ࠵
ࠧ ࠣࠌࡦߺࠦ߿ࠥࠧ ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓ ࠍࠩࠖࠋ࠭ࠧࠊࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪࠕࡶ࠴ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠓ
ࠦ ࠴࠱ࠓ
ࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠀࠥࠧߺ࠱ࠥࠫ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠎߺ࠰ࡶࠥ߾࠰ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡹ߿࠳ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩ߿ࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠀࠔ࠰߿ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠐࠥࡵ࠴ࠥࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠱ࠔ࠰ࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓ ࠩࠏ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠕࡰ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠖࠨࠓࠐࠨࠖࠧ࠭ࠩࠕ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ
ࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠱ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠛߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠀࠥࠧ࠵ࠣ߿࠳ࠤ
࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡃࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠝࠀࠔ࠰߿ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰߿ࠧࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠖߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠐࠎ࠰ࠊࠦࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠔࠩࠎࡹࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠏ߾࠰
ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࡤߺࠤࡶ࠴ࠄ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩ߿ࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ࠛ
࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࡄ
ࡹࠧ ࠕࠏࠥ߾
ࠧ
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠀࠥࠧ ࠵ࠣࠖ࠴ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠀࠥࠧߺ࠱ࠥࠫࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩ߿ࠪࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠝࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰߿
࠭ ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩ࠵ࠖ࠭ࠩࠣ߾࠰ߺ
ࠧࠥ ࠩ
࠰ ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠕࠤ ࠩࠎࠕࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠩࠖࠋࠤ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠋߺ࠰ࠏࠣ ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࡄ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠵߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠖࠏ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠏࠣ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨ
ࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓ ࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠤࠓ࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡶ࠴ࠥ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠭߿ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠕࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠏࠔ࠰࠭ࠩࠎࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠦࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠊ
࠭ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࡶ࠴ࠥ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࠏࠣ ࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠭߿ࠤࠕࠔࠨࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠨࠄࠩ
ࠦ ࠘ࠤ ࠛߺ࠰ࠛࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰࠲߾ࠤࠖࠄ࠰
ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࠓࠨ ࠛߺ࠰ࠛࠪࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࡵࡗࠕࠤࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱߿࠳ࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠦࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤ
ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ
ࠧ ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠵ࠔ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡄ ࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛߺ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛߺ࠰ࠛࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠖߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠀࠥࠧߺ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠛࠤ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠭߿ࠤࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ
ࡶ࠴ࠤࠩࠐ࠳ࠩࠎࡤߺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࡄ
࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࡵ
߾
࠴ ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠊ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠀ߾࠰࠲߾࠰࠘ࠧ࠭ ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺ࠲ࠏࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠛࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ
1
ࠛࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠛࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺ࠳࠲ࠪ ࠏࠤ࠲ࠤࠎࠤࠓߺࠧࠥ ࠘ࠥࡶࠎ
ࠥ࠴ ࠤࠖࠄ࠰࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠥࠛ
ࠧ ࠏ࠰࠘ߺࠪ࠘
ࡹࠧࠥ ࠝࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠖ
ࠧ ࠄ࠰
ࠋࠄ࠰࠘
߾
࠳ ࠰ ߿ࠞ࠰߿ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰ࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
2
ࠛߺ࠱߾࠰ࠏ
࠱ߺ࠰࠲߿ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࡤߺࠤࠉࠀࠥ࠘
ࠧ ࠖࠥࠧ ࠓࠕࡤߺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓࠤ࠴ ࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥߺ
ࠧ ࠘
ࠪ ࡹࠧࠥ ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺߺ
࠳ ࠕ
࠰ ࠭ ࠎࠥࠓࠩ
࠰ ࠎࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࡄ ࠖࡰࠓ࠰ࠓࠥࠧࠓ ࠛߺ࠱߾࠰ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠔ࠭ࠧࡤߺࠄ࠰߿ࠥࠊ࠰࠱ࠕࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࡂ
࠘࠭࠘ࠔ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ߿ࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠎࠤߺ࠱߾࠰࠘࠭ࠧࠓ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠊࠤࡶ࠳ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠊࠕࠤ࠵߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ߿ࠎ߿࠰ࡄ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠒߺ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠍࠩࠖࠋ࠭ࠧࠊࠓ࠰ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠎࠤߺ࠱߾࠰࠘࠭ࠧࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠊࠕࠤࠓࡣ࠴ࠊࠓࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠖߺ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠦࠕࠔࠨࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓࠛࠩࠏࡅࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛߺࠎ࠰ࡹࠛ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠋߺ࠰ࠏࠣࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ
ࠕࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠘ࠥࡶ࠴ࠥࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠘࠭ࠧࠖࠤࠕࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࡦߺࠦࠓࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠊࠤࠛࠀࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
3
2? ppfwrf;a&;om;aumuf,ljcif; enf;vrf;rsm;
ࠝࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠕ࠘ࠤࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰
ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࠔࠩ
ࠨ ࠘ࠤ ࠎࠄ࠰߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ࠤࡶ࠳ߺ߿
࠰ ࠤࠊࠓ࠰ ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࡵࠊ
ࠧ
࠰ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠭
ࠊ࠵࠴ࠓ࠰ࠖ࠭ࠧࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࡵ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠍࠥߺࠖࠨࠏࠧࠥࡈࠫࠖ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩࠓ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰࠲߾࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ
ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠏࠣ ࠀߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠔ࠰
ࠩࠓ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠔࠨ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߿ࠧࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠩࠐࠤ࠰
ࠩࠕ࠘ࠤࠋࠤࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
4
3? yk'fr 1 (cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;tay: t"dy`g,fzGifhqkdcsuf)
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰߿ࠧ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡄ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌࡁ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱࠲߾࠰ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ ࠪ࠳࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࡂ
ࠩࠖࠎߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠛࠍࠥࠏ࡞ࠣࠔ࠰ࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠎࠤࠓ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌࡁ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰߿ࠤࠊࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠄࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ
ࡵࠎ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠖ
ࠧ ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘
߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠏࡀ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠎࠊ
࠰ ߺࠔ࠰ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠰ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ (“ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ”) ࡄ ࠎࠥ࠭ࠧ ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠊ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕ (“ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕ”) ࠛࠤ ࠔ߾࠰࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠔ࠳߾࠰ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾ࠏ
࠰ ࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࡂ ࠐࠪࡺ࠳ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠛ
ࠧ ࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰
࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠕࠊࠥࠧࡹߺࠥࠧ
ࠞࠏࠩࠌ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰࠲ࠐࠄ࠰ࠀࠄ࠰ࠪ࠲߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠩࠏࡀ࠶ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌࡁ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠔࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎࠊ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏࠩ
࠰ ࠀࠤ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠘ࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࡶ
࠭ ࠥ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿
ࠩ
ࠧ࠭ ࠘ࠤ
ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠕࠊࠥࠧࡹߺࠥࠧ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠲ࠐࠄ࠰ࠀࠄ࠰ࠓࠓ࠴ࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠪࠩࠏࡀ
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠓ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓ ࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠊࠨ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࡄ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰
࠵ࠊࡘࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠓࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠤࠓ࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠩࠏࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌߺࠥࠧ
࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠓ ࠪ࠳࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠄࠦ ࠋࠥࠋࠥ
ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠤࠓ࠭࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠐࠪ࠳ࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
5
࠷࠵࠶࠶ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠴߿ࡂ ࠛࠊࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌࠛ࠘߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠊߺࠔ࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤ
ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠊߺ࠰ࡨߺ࠳߿࠳ࠤ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠳ߺ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠪࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠘ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠏࠣࡂ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࡁ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰߿ࠤࠪ࠲߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ
ࠋ߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠐࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠵ࠣࠕࠦࠖࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠊࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠊ߾࠰ࡤߺࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ߺࠎ࠰ࡹ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠋࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠒ࠵ࠖߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪࠩࠐࠤ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࡶ࠳࠱ࠔ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠳߾࠰
ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߺࠎ࠰ࡹ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠞࠦࠩࠕ ࠊࠥࠧࠏ࠳ࠤࡵࠎ࠰ࠋࠥࠎ࠰ࠄࠥ࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ߺࠩࠖࠞࠦࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠤࠀߺ࠰࠲ࠤ
ࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠏࠣ ߺࠎ࠰ࡹ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠻ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠏࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ࠲ࠓࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴࠭ࠓࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠷
ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࡁ
࠰ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕ࠘ࠥࡹࠧ ߺࠨࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤߺࠤࠖࠊࠧࠊ
ࠥ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠛࠊࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠪࡥ ࠏࠦ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠝࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠱ߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠪࠩࠏࡀ࠼
ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ ࠞࠏࠓࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠧ ࠲ࠏࠕࠓࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠖ࠴࠱߾࠰ ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡁ
࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࡃࡵ࠴߾࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠖࠄ࠰ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠧ࠭ࠓ࠴࠱ࠓߺ ࡃࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
࠳߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠊ߿࠰ࠧ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠽ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡤߺࠄ࠰
࠲߾࠰ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡁ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ “ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ
ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺߺ࠱߿࠳ࠤ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠱ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰” ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠩࠏࡀ࠾
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠎࠤࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓ ࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠏࠣ ࠏࠧࠌ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠧࠌ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠞ࠰߿ࠄ࠰ߺࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠱ߺ࠰࠱߾࠰
ࠏࠔ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࡂ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ࠘߿࠰
ࠊ߿࠰ࠧ ࠩࠕࠀ࠳ࠩ
ࠪ ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࡶ࠲ࠥ࠴ ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧ ߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠀࠎ࠰߿߿࠰࠘ࠧ࠭ ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏࡅ
࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰߿ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤࠄࠦࠩࠋ࠳࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓࠨࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠛࠊࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠖࠨࠓࠐࠨࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠕࠞࠏࠩࠌࡁ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠛߺ࠱ࠥࠫ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠛࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱߿࠳ࠤ
ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ߿ࠧࠩ࠵ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠊߺ࠳ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠤࡁ ࠩ࠲ࠏ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀࠎ࠰
ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠞ࠰߿ࠄ࠰ߺࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠥࠓࠩ
࠰ ࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠞࠦ ߿ࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠩ
࠰ ࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾ࠊ
࠰ ߺ࠳ ࡃࠊࠥ࠘
ࡹࠧ ࠄ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠏࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠀ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࡶ
࠰ ࠩ
ࠥ࠴ ࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠥߺ࠱߿࠳ࠤ
ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠏࡥࠏࠦ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠏࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠋ࠭ࠧࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰
ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪ࠲߾࠰ࠛࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠋ࠭ࠧࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠞࠏࠩࠌࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠞࠤࠉ࠰ࠏ࠳߾࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏࠖࠏ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊ߿࠰࠵࠴ࠓ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡹ߿࠳ࠤ
ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠏࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࠔ߾࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤ
ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠓࠎ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛࠩࠖࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
6
࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨࠕࠓࠄ࠰ ࠆࠤࠎࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠔ߾࠰ࡄ
ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ࠕࡶ࠴ࠓ
ࠥ ࠘
ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠐࠨࠖ࠘
ࠧ࠭ ࠄ࠰ࠛ
࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ ࠊߺ࠰ࠐࡺ࠭࠳ ࡥࠐࠥࠫࠩࠕ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠩࠊ࠳ࠛࠩࡅࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠊߺ࠰ࡨߺ࠳߿࠳ࠤ ࠩࡶ࠴ࡺࡶࡦߺ࠭ࠀ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ ࠔ߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠖ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠓ
ࠧ ࡵ
߾
࠴ ࠰ ߿࠳ࠓ࠰ ࠕࠄ࠰࠲ࠓ߾ࠊ
࠰ ߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠖࠧࠏ߾
࠰ ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠕࠧ࠲ࠏࠫࠓࠛࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠩࠏࡅࠔ࠭ ࠛࠓ࠰ࠛࠎࠤߺ࠱߾࠰ࠏࠩࠕ
ߺࠥ߿ࡋࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩࠖࠩࠏ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠋࠥࠏ࠰࠘ࠦࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ࠫࠥࡺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰
࠘ߺ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠵߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠞࠦࠩࠕ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣࡥࠏࠦ ࠎࠔ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ
ࡃࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࡄ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣࡄࡀ࠶࠶ ࠋࠥࠧࠎࠄ࠰ࠛࠊࠨ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰࠘ࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠤࠉࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺࠎ࠰ࡹ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰߿ࠤࠖ࠴ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠀࡵ࡛࠲ࠏࠫࠩࡶ࠳࠱ࠔ࠰ࠕࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠓࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠪࠩࠏࡀ ࠶࠷
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤࠋࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠕ࠘ࠤࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠕࠤ ȋ
Ȍ ࠆࠤࠎࡁ ࠊࠥߺ࠱࠲ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠎ࠰ߺࡷ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠏࠊ࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࡃࡄ ࠛߺ࠱ࠥࠫ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠎࠔ࠰ࠏࠔ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࡁ
ࠓ࠭߿ࠤࠕࠩࠏࡀ࠶࠸ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠷࠵࠶࠷ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠊࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠐ࠳ࡺ࠭ ࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠧࠥ ࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠀࠧ߾
ࠥ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤ߿ࠦࠓߺ
࠭ ࠎ
ࠥ ࠰ ȋȌ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕ
ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ߿ࠤࡶ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠏࡅࡁ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠕ࠘ࠤࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࡶ࠴ࠥࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠝ߿ࠦࠓ࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࡄ ߺࠊࠥ࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠎ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠔ߾࠰ࠛࠤࠛ߿࠲ࠏࠫࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴߿ࡂ ࠔࠧࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰
ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠩࠏࡀ
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤ ࠔࡵࡗࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠛ߾࠰ࠛࠤ
ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠕ࠭ࠏࠩ
࠭ࠧ ߾࠳ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠄࠤࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠱ࠩࠏࡥࠏࠦ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠓ
ࠦ ࠱࠴ ࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿ࠤ࠳
ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛߺࠨࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠀ߾࠰
ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ ࠕࠤࠋࠨࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠄࠥࡵࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࡦߺࠦࠆࠤࠎࠊ߿࠰ࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠩࠕ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰߿ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴߾࠰ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰࠳߾࠰
ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠓ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠩࡶ࠳࠱ࠔ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠓ
࠱ࠤࡁ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠀ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠩ
࠰ ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࡶ
࠭ ࠋ
ࠥ࠴ ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺ࠳࠱ࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠏࠄࠤࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠝ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠤ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱࠲߾࠰ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫ
ࠊࠧࠥ ࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠀࠧ߾
ࠥ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤ߿ࠦࠓߺ
࠭ ࠎ
ࠥ ࠰ ȋȌ ࡁ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠊࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡶ࠴߾࠰ ࠖ߾࠰
ࠏࠦ࠘߿࠳ࠤ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺߺ࠱ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠏ࠰ࡶࠤ࠴ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠏࠣ ࠖߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߿ࡥࠏࠦ ࠊࠥߺ࠱ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠩࠖࠖࠤ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩ࠵ࠐࠎ࠰࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠓ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵ࠴߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ ࠊࠧࠥࠊߺ࠰
ࠖࠤࠓ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠧࠥ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰߿ࠥ߿߿࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺߺ࠱߿࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠳ࠪࠩ࠵ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠏࠄࠤࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠞࠦ߿ࠦࠞࠦࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠩࡶ࠴ࡺࡶࡦߺ࠭ࠀ
࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࡰࠊ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ࡁ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ࠧࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠧ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ߺࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕ࠘ࠓࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠏࡅࠖ߿ࠦࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠝ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠕࠎ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠩ߾࠳ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠩࠕ ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠎࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠕߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ࠶࠹
7
6? yk'fr 4 (wef;wlnDr#r+ t&Sdefjrêifhwifjcif;)
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࠏࠎ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴
࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠔࠤࠔࠦࠛࠋࠨ߿ࠦࠓ࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠓ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠩࠏࡀ࠶࠺
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࠓ࠴ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠞࠏࠓࠤࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓࠓ࠴ ߺ߾࠰ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠩࠕࠎࠔ࠰ࠏࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠕࠄ࠰ࠛ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠞࠏࠩࠌ࠲ࠏࠫࠩࠕ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ࠎ࠰ࡹ࠳ࠪࠩࠕࠆࠤࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠎࠄ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠸࠵% ࠳ࠪࠊࠓ࠰߿ࠎ߿࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠫࠥߺ࠱ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰
ࠊࠥࠧࡹࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠔࠤࠔࠦࠛࠋࠨ߿ࠦࠓ࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠩࠕࠎࠔ࠰ࠏࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠔࠤࠔࠦࠛࠋࠨ߿ࠦࠓ࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺߺ࠱߿࠳ࠤ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠞࠏࠩࠌࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠞ࠰߿ࠄ࠰ߺࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰
ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠏࠣߺ ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠊ
࠭ ࠵࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓࡵ߾
࠴ ߿
࠰ ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࡂ ࠛࡵࠊࠖ
࠰ ߺࡇࠉࠤ
ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠩࠕࠕࠤࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠳ߺ࠰ࠋࠪ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠤࠍߺࠓ࠱ࠤ
8
ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠓࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࡀ ࠝࠞࠏࠓࠤߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠌࠧߺࡇ࠘ࠄ࠰߿ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁࠖࠄ࠰ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰
࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߿ࠤࡶ࠳ߺ߿
࠰ ࠤࠊࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠐ߾࠰ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ߺ
ࠧ ࠘
ࠧࠥ ࠤ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࠖࡥࠧࠥ ࠏࠦ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠓࠖࠥࠩ
ࠧ ࠏࡀ
ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠋ࠭ࠧࠊࠓ࠰ࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠖࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߺࠥࠧߺࠤࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩࠖࠛࠋࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨ࠵߾࠰ࠓ ࡦߺࠦࡤߺࠏ࠰
ࠩࠕࠆࠤࠎࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠆࠤࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠞࠦ߿ࠦࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰
ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠤ ߿ࠤࠕ߾࠰࠘࠳߾࠰࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠔࠎ࠰ ߺࠔࠤ ߺࠩࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠳ࠊ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠥࠊ࠰ࠏ߾࠰ࠋࠤࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠕ߾࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰
࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠩߺ࠱ࡶ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠩߺ࠱ࡶ࠳ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ࡹࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ “ࡶ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠎ࠰ࡹࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰” ࠙ࠨࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠍࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࡶ࠴ࡶࠧࠥ
ࠑࠧࠌࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ ࠖߺ࠰࠭ߺ࠱߾࠰࠘࠭ࠧࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠕ Hgay-toe-boe (ࠕࠤ࠘ࠦࠖࠤ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡶ࠳ࠤࠓ
ߺࠥ߿ࡋࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ߺࠎ࠰ࡹߺ࠳ߺ࠰࠘ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦ/ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠤ࠘ࠦࠩࠏࡅࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡶ࠳ࠤࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࡁ ࠊࠪࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࡶ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠎ࠰ࡹࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠓࠋࠥࠧࠥߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠦ࠘ࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ߿࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠕࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠒࠪ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦ
ߺࠔࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡶ࠴ࠓ࠰ࡶ࠳ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࡶ࠳ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠭ࠕࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠒࠔ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰
ࠝࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠎ࠰߿
ࡹ ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠩ
ࠨ ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓࠊ ࠰ ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ [ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠊࠪ࠳
࠴ ࠋ
ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠶ ࡁ ࠝߺ࠱ࠤࠓࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠋࠪ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠤࠍߺࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠄࡰࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ]
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠒࠛࡵࡗࠕࠤࠔ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠊࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠍࠩࠖࠋ࠭ࠧࠊࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠖࠛߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ߿ߺࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࡶࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰߿ࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡶࠧࠥࠄࡰࠎ࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠩࠕ ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ߺࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠫ߿ࠧࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠵ࡂ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠀࠕࠤ/ࠀࠕࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠩࠕࠕࠤࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠎࠤࠖࠄ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰
ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏ࠭ࠧࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࡄ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠕ (ࠛࠏࠥࠧࠌ࠰߾ࠔ࠰ ࠷࠶) ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠍࠩࠖࠋ࠭ࠧ߿࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠩࠖࠛߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠧࠩ࠘࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠖࠤ
ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕࠄ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠕࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠊࠦࠑ࠳ࠦ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ ࠓࠦࠌࠦࠔࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠕࠀࠪ࠳ࡂ ࠊࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
8? yk'fr 6 (vlukeful;r+)
࠷࠵࠵࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠴߿ࡂ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ࠊࠤࠀࠦߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠞࠏࠩࠌߺࠥࠧ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠊࠤࠀࠦߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠑ࠙ࠥࠧࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠨࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠼ ࠝ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࡁ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠩࠎࠀࠪࠏ߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࠍࠓࡢ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰
ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠓࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠲߾࠰࠭ࠩࠎࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠨࠕ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰
ࠩࠎࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠽ “࠷࠵࠵࠽-࠷࠵࠶࠶ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩࠓࠕࠥߺࠎ࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠲ࠤࠩࠕࠆࠤࠎࡄ
‘ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ’ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤ”ࡁ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ (࠸) (ࠛࠀࠥࠧࠀ࠭ࠧࠛࠀ߾࠰ࡁ) ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤ࠱࠭ࠪࠕࡥࠏࠦࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡁ ࠷࠵࠶࠷ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ (࠷) (ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤ ߺࠏ࠰ࡤ࠰ ߺࠄ࠰ࡶ
ࠛ
࠭ ࠀ߾࠰) ࠩࠎࠕࠤ࠘ࠥࡹࠧ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ
ࠥ࠴ ࡥࠪ ࠏࠦ ࠝࠛࠀ߾࠰ (࠷) ࡁࠏ߾࠰ ࡵ࠴߿ࡵ
࠰ ߿
࠴ ࠊ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠰
ࠥ ࠎࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠾ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ (࠷) ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠎࠕ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅ
ࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࡵࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠎ࠲߾࠰ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨࠓ ࠛࠤࠎࠄ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ
࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ߺࠨࠄࠦࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠓࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠷࠵ ࠝࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠀ߾࠰ (࠶) ࠩࠎࠕࠤ࠘ࠥࠊ
ࡹࠧ ߺ࠰ࠖࠤ࠲߾࠰ (࠘ࠥ)ࡹࠧ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ (࠸) ࠩࠎࠕࠤ࠘ࠥࡹࠧ ߺ࠱ࠀ߾࠰ࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠩ
࠰ ࠱ ࡶ࠴࠘
ࠥ ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠓ ࠊࠥߺ
ࠧ ࠐ
࠰ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡁ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰࠭ࠕ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠔ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
9
ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠓߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ (࠸) ࠩࠎࠕࠤࡁ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࡦߺ࠭ࠩࠏࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠷࠶
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࠓ࠴ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾ࠀ
࠰ ߺ࠰ࡵࠔ
࠳ ࠩ
࠰ ࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠊࠕࠤ ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰߿࠭ࠛ
ࠧ ࠤ
ߺࠧ߿ࠤࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠧߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠨࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠴࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠏࠎࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓࠄ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠀࡵ࡛ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠓࠊࠧࠥࡹߺࠥࠧ ࡤߺࠄ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࡵ࠴ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡵ࠴ࡤߺࠤ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘࠲ࠏࠩࠎࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
10
ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠰ ࠘࠭ࠧ ࠘ࠏ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠕ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠓࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠀࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠕࠤࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠤࠉࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠎࠔ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠕࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠨ࠵߾࠰ࠓࡦߺࠦࡤߺࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࡹࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ߿࠭ࠧࡁ ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠷࠾ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ࠘ࡹࠧࠥ ࠊ߾࠰࠘߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰߿
࠭ ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࠓ࠴ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠓ ࠊࠥߺ
ࠧ ࠐ
࠰ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ
߿ߺࠤ࠵ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳ࠏ࠳ࠪࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠓࠕࠥߺࠎ࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤࠩ߾࠳ ࠸࠺࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࡵ࠴߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ ߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺ࠱ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠸࠵ࠝߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ
ࡦߺࠦࠓࠤࡂ ࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤࠖ࠴ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠊ࠭ࠧࡹ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠲ࠏࠫࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠤ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠝ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠖࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠐࠎ࠰ࠊࠦࠩࠏࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠁ߿࠰࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠧࠥ࠲ࠏࠎࠤࡄ
ࠛࠊࠥࠓ࠰ࠛࠎߺ࠰ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠝ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ
ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠲߾࠰࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠓ࠘ࠥ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠓ࠲ࠐࠄ࠰ࠀࠄ࠰ࠩࠏ
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠏࡀ࠸࠶
ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࡄ ࠖࠧࠏࠩ
࠰ ࠀࠤ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ࠖࠓ
࠴ ࠰ ࠓࠦࠓ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠏࡀ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠲߾࠰
࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ߺࠨࠄࠦࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛߺࠎ࠰ࡹࠛ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ
࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠛ
ࡹ ࠘ࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠛ࠵ࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࡁ ࠘࠙ࠁࠤࠊ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠤ࠳ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩࠎࠋࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠥࠧ ࠩ ࠪ ࠎࠩ࠘࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠸࠷
࠰ ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ߺ࠰ࠩ
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࠓ࠴ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠋ࠭ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰߿
࠭ ࠤࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࡁ
࠰ ߿ࠧ߿ࠩ
ࠧ ࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠲߾࠰࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ (࠶࠵) ࠞࠦࠛࠤ
࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠋࠨࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠓࠕࠥߺࠎ࠰ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤ ࠻,࠺࠵࠵ ࠎ࠰ࡹ࠘࠭ࠧ߿࠳ࠪࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࡃࠩ߾࠳ࠏࠓࠤࠉ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠛࠊࠤࡵ࠴߾ࠓ
࠰ ࠀࠥࠧ ࠖ࠳ࠎ߿
࠰ ࠤ࠳ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࠓ࠴ ࡃࡄ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠓߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔࠩ
࠰ ࠕ ࠖࠧࠏࠩ
࠰ ࠀࠤ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠩࡤߺ࠲߾ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠓࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣࡂ
ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠖ࠴ࠩࠏࡀ ࡃࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠕ࠭ࠐࠎ࠰ࠕ࠭ࠣ ࠊ߿࠰ࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠰ࠛࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛߺࠨ࠲ࠏࠫࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ߺࠓ࠰߿ࠤࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠛࠀ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠓࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ ߿ߺࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠀ߾࠰࠘߾࠰ࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠏࡀ࠸࠸ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠏࠣࡂ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠒࠧࠧࠕࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠛࠤࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ
ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ߺ࠲ࠨ ࠏࠫࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠧࠊࠩ ࠰ ࠏࠩࠎࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠸࠹ ߺ࠭ࠓࠩߺࠤ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤࠏ߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
࠰ ࠵࠲ࠐࠎ࠰࠲ࡹ ࠐࠬ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠲ࠏࠫ ࠖࠧࠏࠩ ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠓ
ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤࠩࠕࠀ࠳ࠪ࠲߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰߿ࠤࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫ߿ࠧࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠵࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠭ࠕࠩࠏࡀ ࠩࡶ࠴ࡺࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰
ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߿࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࠏࠓࠤࠉࠛࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠊࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࡁ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤ ࠓࠨࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠀ࠳ࠪࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠝࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠛࠤ ࠛߺࠨࠛࠄࠦࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
11
ࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕࠪࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ߺࠨࠄࠦࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠤߺࠥࠧࡂ ࠓࠕ࠲߾࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠕࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠩࠔࠒࠧࠔ࠱ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠀ߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀࠎ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠓࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ߿ࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠨࠋࠧߺ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠓ࠴࠘ࠤ ߿ࠊ߾࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕࠪ ࠛ࠲ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨ࠵߾࠰ࠓࡦߺࠦࡤߺࠏ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࠏ߾࠰ࠖ࠴࠱߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖߺࡇࠉࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠊ߾࠰ࠓࠕࠥࠏ࠰߿ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠴࠘ࠤ ࠛߺࠨࠛࠄࠦࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠸࠼
ࠝࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎ ࠊ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࡅ ࠓࠨࠊࠄ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠊ࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ ࠖࠤࠒ࠰߿ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖ࠳ࠔ࠰ߺࠨࡥࠏࠦ
ࠛߺࠔ࠰ࡂ ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠘
࠰ ࠘
ࠨ ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠛ
࠘ࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠛ࠵ࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠤࠉࠤࡶ࠴࠘
ࠥ ࠲ࠨ ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎࠖ࠴࠱߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨࠓࠓ
࠱ࠤ ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏࠩ
࠰ ࠏࡀ
ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ߿ࠧ߿ࠄ࠰ࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠘ࠤ ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓ߿
߿
ࠧ࠭ ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛߺࠨࠛࠄࠦࠩࠏ
࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ߺ࠱ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺ߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧࠩࠎ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡶ࠴ࠤࠩࠐ࠳ࠕ
ࠓࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩࡶ࠳࠱ࠔ࠰ࠕࠓࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓߺࠥ߿ࠓ
ࡋ ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠍࠣࠊ࠰ߺ࠱ࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠊ߿࠰ࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠖࠤࠒ࠰߿ࠤࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠒߺ࠰ࠖࠥࠧ࠰ߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠋ߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕ ࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛߺࠔ࠰ࡂ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠏࠣߺ ࠕࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤࠩࠏࠣ߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠸࠽ ࠛࠎࠦߺࠏ࠰
ࠩࠖࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠓ࠴ “࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠕࠪ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ ࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠐࠥࠧࡹ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠊࠪ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠆࠤࠎࠩࠊ࠳ ࠛࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࠊࠔ࠰
ࠛ࠘߾࠰࠵߾࠰ ࡵࠧ߾
ࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠩ
࠭ ࠊ࠳ࠎࡹࠪ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠛ
࠵ ࠏࠨࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶߺ
࠳ ࠓ
࠰ ࠓ
ࡶ࠴ࠒ
ࠥ ࠨ ࠖࠤࠒ࠰ࠩࠏࠖࠤࠒ࠰ࠔࠓ
ࠨ ߺ
ࠧࠥ ࠊࠧߺ
ࠥ ࠐ
࠰ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠐࡹࠥࠧ ࠖ࠭ࠩ
ࠧ ࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠪ
ࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠎࠪࡹ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠋ࠭ࠧࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠒࠨ ࡥࠏࠦࠩࠊࠤ ࠎࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠊࠪ ࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠊࠪ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ
߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠒࠨ” ࠙ࠧ ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠸࠾ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࡄ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
“ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨࡥࠏࠦ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺࠨࠄࠦࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭
ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰” ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰߿࠳ࠤࠛࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࡶ࠴ࠥࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠹࠵
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨࠓࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡁ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠛࠤࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌࠛࠕ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤ
ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠩࠏࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨߺࠤ ࠖࠤࠒ࠰ࠩࠏࠖࠤࠒ࠰ࠔࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ ࠩ࠱ࠓࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀࠦࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰߿࠳ࠤ
ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓߺ
࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠘
࠰ ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊࡥ࠰ ࠏࠦ ࡃࠊࠥࡄ
ࡹࠧ ࠕࠤࠋࠨࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠖ
ࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠞ߿ࡋࠤ߿ࠄ࠰߿ࠥࠓࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠤ
ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࡁࠏ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠘࠳ࠔ࠰࠵ࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ
ࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡦߺࠦࠩࠖࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ߺࠥ߿ࡋࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠛࠓࠛࠤ ࠩࠏࠣࠀ߿࠳ࠤ ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰࠘ࠨࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠓࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠏࠣࠀ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠏࠣ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠩࠏࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠎࠦࠎࠤ࠱߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠎࠔ࠰߿ࠏ࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠕࠦ࠘࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠋ࠭ࠧࠖࠧࠏ࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡃ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠔ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰࠵ࠊࡗࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰
ߺࠨ࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠓࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛ࠵ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠵߿࠳ࠤ ࠘ࠥࡶ࠴ࠥࠖࠤࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ ࠖࠏ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠲߾࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠨࠄࠦࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠲߾࠰ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠛࠤ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄࠁࠤࠊࠥࠛࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡹࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠲߾࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄࠒ࠵ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠋࠨࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ (ࠞࠏࠓࠤ- ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠓ࠳࠵ࠓ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰)
• ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠒߺ࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠓ
ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠒࠪ ߿߿࠰ࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠙ࠎ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠄࠦࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧࠕ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰
ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠐࠎ࠰ࡹ࠱ࠥࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰߿ࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡶࠧࠥࠄࡰࠎ࠰ ࠊࠓ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧ
ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏࠩࠕ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧ
ࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࠕࠌࠦࠔࠥࠧࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛߺࠨ࠲ࠏࠫ ߿ࠤࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠒࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠤࠓࠊࠊ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰࠘ࠖࠥࠧ
࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺࠎ࠰ࡹ࠘ࠊ࠰ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠒࠪ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ߺࠨࠄࠦࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠔ߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ
ࠀࠎ࠰ࡹߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠕࠀ࠳ࠪࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
12
• ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ߺ࠰ࠐߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠏࠪ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࠛࠤ
ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ࠀࠎ࠰ࡹߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖ࠳ࠏ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠓ ࠀࠎ࠰ߺ
ࡹ ࠱߾࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࡂ ߺࠊࠥ࠲ࠏࠫࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘ࠀࠥ߾ ࠰ ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀ߾
ࠧ ࠕ ࠧࠥ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ߺࠊࠥߺ࠵ࠊ࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠲ࠐࠄ࠰ࠀࠄ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰ࠓ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿ࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠩ࠵ࠐࠎ࠰࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠲߾࠰࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ
ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩ
ࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ
࠱ࠤ ࡵ࠴߿࠘
࠰ ࠓ
ࠥ ࠩ
࠰ ࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ࠓ
࠱ࠤ ࠩࠎࠋࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠩ
࠰ ࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠎࠤࠣࠊ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰
ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠪ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠀࡵ࡛ߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠩࠖ߿ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࡄ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓ ࠐࠎ࠰ࠊࠦࠩࠏࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠁ߿࠰࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠤࠍߺࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕࠄ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠒߺ࠰߿࠭ࠧ ࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠕ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠓࠥࠓࠥࠩࠎࠕࠏ࠰ࡁ ࠒ࠵ࡶ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠐࠎ࠰ࠊࠦࠩࠕ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࠍࠓࡢ ࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠔࠨ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀࠥࠧߺ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࡹࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
9? yk'fr 10 (ynma&;)
ࠝࡵ࠴߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠕࡶ࠴ࠄ࠰ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࡄ ࠶࠹ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠖ࠭ࠩ
ࠧ ࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ߿ࠎ߿࠰ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠤࡁ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓ ࠓࡶ࠴࠲ࠥ ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠱ࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ ࠓࠖ࠭ࠩ
ࠧ ࠖࠤߺ࠰
࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠹࠶ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠏࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ࠛࠊࠤࠛࠀࠦࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠋߺ࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠩࠎࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠝ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠊࠤࠛࠀࠦࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠊߺࠔ࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠩࠕࠞࠏࠩࠌࡁ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ
ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠩࠕ ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠕࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ࠹࠷ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛࠊࠤ
ࠛࠀࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠋ߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠩ߿ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ߿ࠧ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠧࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠐࠔ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤ࠭ࠕ࠲߾࠰
ࠐࠥࠧ࠵ࠣࠌࡦߺࠦ߿ࠧࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛ࠵ࠧࠥ߾࠰ࡄ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠐࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠋࠧࠥࠛ࠲߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠣࡂ ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ࠘ࡹࠧࠥ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀࠧ࠭ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰߿
࠭ ࠤ ࠊ߾࠰࠘߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎࠓ
࠰ ࠴ ࠔࠧ࠱ࠥࠎࠊ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠩ
࠰ ࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠓ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣࠩ࠘࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳࠳ࠪࠊࠓ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰
࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠊ
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ “ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ࠲ࠓ߾ࠊ
࠰ ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰” ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ߺࠧࠥ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰
ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠔࠧ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ࠛࠤ ࠛࠎࠄ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠹࠸
࠷࠵࠶࠸ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡁ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰࠵߾࠰ࠩ߾࠳ ߿ࠧ߿ࠧࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ȋ
Ȍࡄ ࠶ ࠌࠓ ࠺
ࠕࠤࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰࠘ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࡥࠏࠦ ࡃ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࠏ࠱ࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴࠱ࡄ ࠊ࠵ߺ࠰࠘ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠹࠹ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ
ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ ࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠩ߿ࡥࠏࠦ ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎࠀࠪ
ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠖࠄ࠰ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤࠖࠤࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ ࠖ࠭ࠩ
ࠧ ࠖࠤߺ࠰߿ࠤ࠳ ࠓࡶ࠴࠲ࠥ ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠕࠄ࠰ࠛࠩ࠘࠳ ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠊࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤ ࠀࠕࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤ ࠀࠕࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖ߿ࠤࠩ߾࠳ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣ࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤ
ࠀࠕࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠓࡤߺࠤࠉ ࠛࠊࠥ ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰߿ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠹࠻ ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠀ߾࠰
ࠓࠓࠦࠩ
࠴ ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕ߿ࠤࠩࠓࠏ࠳ࠓ
ࠪ ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠐࠀࠥࠕ
ࠧ ࠎ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠖࠥࠛ
ࠧ ࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠛࠀ߾࠰ߺ
ࠧࠥ ࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࡵ
ࠥ ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠩ
࠰ ࠏࡀ
ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠏࠧࡈࠖࠥߺ ߺ࠱ࠬࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠭ࠓ࠴ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠩࠏߺࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰࠘߾࠰ࠔࠨࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠭࠲߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠓ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛߺࠨ ߺࠥࠕࠥࠔࠤࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࠔࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ
ࠀࠎ࠰ࡹߺ࠱߾࠰߿࠳ࠤࠏ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛࠓࠪࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠐࠊ࠰߿ࠤࠛࠧࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤ
࠰ ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࠩࠏࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠱ࡀ࠹࠼ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠊߺࠔ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠓࠤ
࠘߾࠰ࠀࠧࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰߿ࠕࠥࠊࠓ
ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ȋȌ ࡄ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤࠛࠕ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࠍࠓࡢࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠹࠶ ࠌࠓ ࠽ ࠕࠤࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰
߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ ࠓࠊࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠪࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠹࠽
14
ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩࠎࡤߺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠝ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠔࠤࠔࠦࠩࠎࠕࠤ࠱ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠤ࠘߾࠰ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ
ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛߺࠨ࠲ࠏࠫ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣࡥࠏࠦ ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߿ࠤ࠘߾࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ
ࠋࠧࠥࡺ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ߿ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠒࠪ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰
ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠀࠥࠧ࠵ࠣ߿࠳ࠤ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠝ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩࠕ ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠔ࠳߾࠰
࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏࡅ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࡦߺࠦࠓࠤࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠖࠥ߾ࠩ
࠰ ࠏࡅࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࡂ ࠀߺ࠰ࠀࠓ
࠭ ࠓ
ࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠐࠊ࠰߿ࠤࠛࠧࠏࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࡶࠥࠧ ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠥࠊࠀ
࠰ ߺ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࡁ
࠰
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠝࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࡂ ࠛࠎࠄ࠰߾ࠔ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠺࠺ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘߾࠰ࡶࠧࠥࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠳ߺ࠰ࠋࠪ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠫ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠓࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠨࠛߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠔࠧ࠱ࠥ࠰ࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰
࠘߾࠰ࡶࠧࠥࡑࡰࠎ࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠴ “ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠀࠎ࠰߿߿࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤࠓࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠳ߺ࠰ࠋࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ
ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࠊࠥࠧࡹࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࡂ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࠓ࠴ ߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕࠄ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰” ࠙ࠧ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴
ࠛ࠘ࠥࠛ ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠝࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠔࠧࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠓࠛࠀ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠓࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ
ࠩ࠘ࠩࠏࡀ࠺࠻ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠊߺࠔ࠰ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠊ߾࠰࠲ࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰
ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ “ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏࠫࠊ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠘߾࠰ ࠘ࠥࠧࠩࠓ࠳ࠋࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓࠏࠄࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠎ࠰ ࠛ࠘ࠦࠛࠖ࠴࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰࠲߾࠰”ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠤࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࡤߺࠄ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠳ߺ࠰ࠋࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓ
ࠔࠨࠀ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏ࠱࠭ࡺࡵ࠴ࡹ࠭ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠺࠼
15
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠥࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠎࠄ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ
(ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡄ ߿ࠧ߿ࠧࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰
࠵߾࠰ࠩ߾࠳) ࠷࠵ ࠕࠤࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠖࠊࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴߿ࡂ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠩࠎࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠥࠎ࠰ࠩࡅࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏ߿࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠋࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ ࠛ࠘ࠤࠛࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕ ࡵ࠴ࠥࠓ࠰࠱࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠭ࠕࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠖࡰࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠊߺࠔ࠰ ࠛࠓࠪ ࠓࠊߺ࠰ࠓࠩࠎࠕ ࠛࠕࠄ࠰ࠛࠩ࠘࠳ࠓ࠴ࠦ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭
ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠊ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࡁ ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ (ࠏࠧࡈࠖࠥߺ ߺ࠱ࠬࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ࠤࠛࠧࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘࠭ࠧࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ
ࠛࠐࠥࠧࠛࠩࡤߺࠩ߾࠳ ࠓࠔࠨࠒࠪ)
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠊߺ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࠓ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠏࠎ࠰ࠀߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠛࠩࠀࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠛ࠭ࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊ࠵࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠀࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠀࠕࠤ ࠀࠕࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠘߾࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖ߿ࠤࠩ߾࠳ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠐࠨࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠕ
࠭߿ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀࠕࠤ ࠀࠕࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰
࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ߿ࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠓ ࠄ࠭ࠐ࠱߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠖࠖࠤ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࡂ
ߺࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠊ
࠰ ࠔ
࠳ ࠩ
࠰ ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠀࠕࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖ࠭ࠩ
ࠧ ࠖࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳ࠏࠏ
࠭ ࠧࠥ ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠓ
ࠦ࠴
ࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠀࠕࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࡃࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠒ࠵ ࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕ
ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠛࠤࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠖࠨࠓࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛ࠵ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠀࠕࠤࠓ࠘߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡂ
ࠀࠕࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠩࠏࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ߿ߺࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤ࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ߿ࠎ߿࠰ࡦߺࠦࠛࠤ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠱ߺࠤ ࠑࠓࠤࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠖߺࡇࠉࠤ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࡄ ࠵ࠣࠌ࠲ࠐࠎ࠰ࡹ࠱ࠥ࠲߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤࠓ
ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠳ߺ࠰ࠋࠪ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖߺࡇࠉࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ߿ߺࠤ ࠐࠔ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤ
ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࡶࠧࠥࡑࡰࠎ࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛߺࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠘߿࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ࠩࠕࠀ࠳ࠪࠕࠎ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࡶࠧࠥࡑࡰࠎ࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠀ࠳ࠪࠓࠄ࠰ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡃࠓ࠴ ࠘߾࠰ࡶࠧࠥࡑࡰࠎ࠰ ࠊࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ
ࠩࠕࠕࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࡶࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠳ߺ࠰ࠋࠪ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠒߺ࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠓ ࠐࠔ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠩࠏ
ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓ࠴࠱ࠩ࠵ࠐࠖ࠴ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡥ࠭ࠫ߾࠭ࠧࠋࠄ࠰ ࠘࠳߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠞࠏࠓࠤ - ߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ
ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘߾࠰ࠎ࠰߿ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࡂ ࠛࠩࠕࡦߺࠦࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠤ ࠘߾࠰ࡶࠧࠥࡑࡰࠎ࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࡵࠎ࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠋࠨࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ (ࠞࠏࠓࠤ -
ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࠀࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߾࠰ࠛߺ࠱߾࠰) ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠋ࠭ࠧࠊࠓ࠰ࠍࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠧ࠘࠳߾࠰࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤ
ࠀߺ࠰ࠀࠓ
࠭ ࠓ
࠱ࠤ ࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࡄ
ࡹࠧ ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩࠕ ࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࠛ
ࡹ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠎ࠰ࡹ࠳ࠤࠊࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠕࠄ࠰ࠛࠩ࠘࠳ࠓ࠴ࠦ ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩࠕ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰
ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࡥࠏࠦ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠲ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ߺࠨࠄࠦࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠩࠎࡹ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠄ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠊࠎ࠰ ࠩߺࠤࠖࠥࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠖ࠴߿࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
16
ࠛࠤࡶ࠴ ࠩࠌ࠘࠵ࠎ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡄ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠒࡷࠤ ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠪ࠳࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡃࡄ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠧ߿ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࡄ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࠋߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠏࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠧࠊࠄ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠀࠪࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊ߿࠰ࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠺࠾
ࠝߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ ࠓࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤ࠲߾࠰߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨࠞࠦࠩࠕࡄ ࠖࠨࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ
ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠓࠓ࠴ࠦࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩࠎࠛࠋࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩ
ࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠛࠎ࠰ߺࡷࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࡄ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠓ
࠭ ࠓࠖ࠭ࠩ
ࠧ ࠖࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰
17
ߺࠧ࠘࠳߾࠰ࠕࠔࠨࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠵ ࠝߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠩࠀࠩࠏࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ߺ࠱ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠛࠎࠄ࠰߾ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࡂ ࠕࠔࠨࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣࡁ
ࠖࠨࠎࠤࡶ࠴߾࠰ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠵ࠔ࠰ࠔࠨ࠘࠭ࠧ߿࠳ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧࡶ࠴ࠥ
ࠩࠀࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠵ࠔ࠰ࠔࠨࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠏ࠰ࠕࠤ߾࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠔࠨࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠨࠎࠤࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰
ߺࠥࠔ
ࠧ ࠊ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ߿
࠰ ߿
ࠦ ࠞ࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠳߿
ࠪ ࠊ
ࠥ ߺ
࠰ ࠘
ࠧ ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠥࠛ
ࠧ ࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎࠊ
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࠖ
࠰ ࠄ࠰ ࠝߺࠪ࠘
ࠏ
ࡹࠧࠥ ߾࠰ࠖࠏ
ࠧ ࠩ
࠰ ࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠀࠕࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
࠳ࠪ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰߿ࠤࠕ߾࠰ࠛࠤ ࠖࠨࠎࠤࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠋࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠨࠎࠤࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠳ࠪ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ߺࠧ࠘ࠓ ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾࠰ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ ࠛࠕ߾࠰࠵ࠔ࠰ࠔࠨࠩࠎࡤߺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠶
࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠊ
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫࠪࠏ
ࠣࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺ࠲ࠏࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩ
ࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠖࠓ࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ߺ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠏࠤ࠲ࠤࠎࠤࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠷ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠖࠨࠞࠦࠩࠕࡄ ࠘࠭ࠧࠏ࠭ࠧࠏ࠭ࠧ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩ࠵ࠖ࠭ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰
ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖߺ࠰࠭ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰
ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠸ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࡂ ࠊࠕࠤ࠵߾࠰ ࠩࠀࠏࠄࠤ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰
ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࡶࠧࠥࠕࠤࠛࠕࠏ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠤࠐ࠳ࠤࠛߺࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠲ࠏࠫࠕࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠏࠣࡂ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺ࠲ࠏࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧࠓࡵࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࡦߺࠦࠓࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ߺ࠳ࠤ࠙ࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩࠕࡶ࠴ࠄࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖ࠳ࠔߺ
࠰ ߿
ࠨ ࠤ࠳ ࠓࠕࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠩ
࠰ ࠏࡀ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰
ࠩࠌ࠘ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ߿ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠓࠓ࠴ࠦ࠲߾࠰ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ)
ࠓࠊࠊ࠰ࡵ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠲࠰ ߾࠰ࠊࠥ࠘
ࡹࠧ ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠓࠖࠥ
ࠧ ࠱߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠥࠔ
ࠧ ࠵
࠰ ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ
࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࡥࠧ ࠭ࠫࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠘ࠤ ߺࠥࠔ
ࠧ ࠵
࠰ ࠎ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ [ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠺ - ࠝࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࡂ ࠛࠩ࠘
߿ࠥࠊ࠰ ࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠖ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰]
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠩࠎࠕࠏ࠰߿ࠎ
࠳
ࡹ࠰ ࠤ࠳ ࠊࠥࠓ࠰ ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤ ȋȌ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩ
ࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠊࠪ࠲ ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠀࠥࠧ ࡶ࠳ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ
߿ࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ߿ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ߿ࠦ߿ࠞ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩࡵ࠴ࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠔ࠴ߺ࠰ࠩࠏࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠹ ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰࠘ࠥࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠕ࠲߾࠰ ࠊߺࠧࠥࠔ࠰ࠩࠕ࠘ࠎ࠰ࡹࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠏࠊ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠘ࠎ࠰ࡶ
ࡹ ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠖࠤ ߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠊࠪ࠲ ߾࠰ ࠘ࠎ࠰ࡶ
ࡹ ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩ࠘ࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠧ࠭ ࠩࠕ ࠓࡶ࠴࠲ࠥ ߾࠰ ࠛࠤ࠙ࠤࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠤࠛ߿ࠤ
ࠓࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ߿࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠀࠥࠧࠏࠣ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠤࠣ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࡵࠎ࠰ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠺
࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠏࠣࡂ ߿ࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠩ࠘ࡵࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࡄ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩࠎࠕࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵࠥ߾࠰ࠔ࠴ࠞ࠰ࠖ࠴࠱߾࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠻
ࠒࠊ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ ࠓࠖ࠭ࠩ
ࠧ ࠖࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ (࠘ࠥ)ࡹࠧ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ߺ࠳࠱ࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠘
࠰ ࠓࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠤ ߺࠨࠄࠕ
ࠦ ࠎ࠰
ࠛࠀ߾࠰࠘߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠀߺࠧ࠘ࠕࠎ࠰ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓࠔࠨࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ
࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅࠊ࠳߾࠘
࠰ ࠤ ࠛࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡃࠊࠥ࠘
ࡹࠧ ࠄ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩ
ࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠖ߿࠰࠙ࠤ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠐࠄ࠰ࠩࠏ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠩࠀ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠓ ࠓ࠭ࠔࠨࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ
18
ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤ ࠊ߾࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࡃࠊࠧࠥࡹࡄ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠊ߿࠭ࠧࠊࠕࠤࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠏࠪ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠊߺࠨࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠳ࠤ࠘࠳ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠋࠧࠥࡹࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖ߿ࠤࠩ߾࠳ࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠋࠏ࠰࠲ࠐࠄ࠰ࠀࠄ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࡤߺࠤࠉ ࠩࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰
ࠕࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ࠀࠕࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠵ࠊ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓ߿ࠏ࠰࠙ࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠫࠛࠓࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠞࠏࠓࠤ - ࠖࠨࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩ߿࠱ࡦߺࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠍࠤࠊ࠰࠳ࠪࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠩࠀ߿߿࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠋߺ࠰ࠏࠣࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ ࠩࠎࡤߺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠼ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠛࠤࠊ߾࠰࠲ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀࠎ࠰ࡹߺ࠱߾࠰߿࠳ࠤࠏ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠀߺ࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰
߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ࠼࠽ ߿ࠤ࠘߾࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ
ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕߺࠥ߿ࡋࠕࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩࠏࡀ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡁ “ࠀࠔ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠁࠧ࠭” ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠴
߿߿࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࠔ
ࠨ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠕ ࠩࠓ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠀࠔ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠾࠵ ࠕࠤࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ࠎ
࠰ ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ
ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠙ࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠐࠀࠥࠧࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠔ߾࠰࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠕࠔࠨࠕࠓࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ࠙ࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠐࠀࠥࠧࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠼࠾ ࠛߺࠎ࠰ࡹࠛ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰࠘ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ߿ߺࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩࠕ࠘ࠤࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠭ࠐࠎ࠰ࠕ࠭ࠣ ߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠊߺ࠱ ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤ
ࠩࠏࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠵߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠤߺࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠔࠨࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠖࠥࠧ࠱߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰
ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠖ
ࠧ ࠄ࠰ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠥࠧ ࠲࠰ ߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠏࡀ ࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠵߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࠔࠋ
ࠨ ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠕ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰
ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠊ࠰ߺ
࠰ ࡣ࠳ࠓ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠏࠥ
ࡹࠧ ࠱ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠳࠱ࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖ
ߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴࠲ࠥ ߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠓ࠳ࠐ࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠤࠛࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱࠲߾࠰߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠓࠏࠓࠤࠉ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠏࠤࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
19
ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠋࠥ ࠛࠤ࠙ࠤࠕ ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠊࠪࠩࠎࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠤࡶ࠴ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧࡵࠎ࠰ ࠛࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠽࠽ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤ
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠩࡶ࠴ࡺࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧࡵࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨ࠘ࠤ࠱߾࠰߿ࠤࠎࠤࠕࠓࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠀࠥࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠀࠥࠧࠓࠤࠖࠦࠔࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠏ߾࠰ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠽࠾
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠋࠨࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤ࠱ࠕࠎ࠰ (ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠛ࠘ࠧ࠭߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠧࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠋߺ࠰
ࠏࠧࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ)ࡀ࠾࠸ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠓ࠴࠘ࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩ߾࠳ࡄ ࠶࠺ ࠕࠤࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰ࠛࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠲ࠏࠫࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠊࠤ࠰
ࠒࡷࠤ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠉࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡹ߿࠳ࠤ ࠘ࠥࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠋࠤࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏ࠳߾࠰ࠖ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠲ࠐࠎ࠰ࡹࠩ࠵ࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿ߺ࠰ࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ ߺࠕࠥࠔࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿ࠩ
ࠧ࠭ ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠛࠩࠀࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠛ࠭ࠓ
ࠧ ࠱ࠤ
ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠓࠄ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧ ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠀࠤߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥࠕࠤࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ߺ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ߺࠎ࠰ࡹ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ “ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ” ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠓ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࡃࡄ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠋ࠭ࠓ࠴ ࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠕࠔࠨࠕ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊࠧࠥࡹߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪ ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡹ߿࠳ࠤ ࠲ࠐࠎ࠰ࡹࠩ࠵ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ߿ߺࠤ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠐࠔ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰
ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠏ࠭ࠧࡵ࠴ࠥࠏ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ߿ߺࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠤࠓࠊࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠎࠤࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࠕࠌࠦࠔࠥࠧ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠩࠕࠩࠏࡅࠐࠧࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠋࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰࠲ࠐࠎ࠰ࡹࠩ࠵ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠨࠋࠛ
ࠧ ࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫ ࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖࠨࠓࠩ
ࠕࠖࠧࠏ߾
࠰ ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖ࠳ࠊࠖ
࠰ ࠏ࠰߿ࠤ࠳ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶߺ
࠳
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠏࠕ࠭࠘
ࠧ ࠤࠓߺ
ࠔ߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠊࠪࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠓࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛ࠵ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥࡶ࠴ࠥࠎࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠐࠄ࠰ࠀࠄ࠰ࠩࠏ
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠋࠨ࠲ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠏࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ
߿ࠦ߿ࠞ࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠎࠤࠊࠤࡶ࠴ࠄ࠰ࠩࠀࠕࠧ࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠀࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ ߺࠨࠄࠦࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠋࠧߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏࠩࠕ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠛࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕ ࠛࠎ࠰ߺࡷࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠨࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࡂ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤ࠘ࠎ࠰߿࠳ࠓ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠒ࠵ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰
ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠧࠥࠛࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀࠔ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠀߺ࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠤࠀߺ࠰࠲ࠤ
ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ߺࠥࠕࠥࠔࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠊߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠓࠦࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠊ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧ ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠪ ߺࠨࠄࠦࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠀߺ࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠀࠕࠤ ࠀࠕࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ
ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠣࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࡶࠧࠥࠕࠤࠍࠩࠖࠋ࠭ࠧ߿࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕࠧࠏ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ
ࠛߺ࠰ࠛࠪࠛࠊࠤࠛࠀࠦࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠖࠄ࠰ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰߿ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ࠋࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࡵࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠀ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࡥࠧ ࠭ࠫࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠵߾࠰ ߺࠥࠔ
ࠧ ࠵
࠰ ࠎ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠓ
ࡵࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠀ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠏࡅࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠊࠪ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠄ࠰
ࠊࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠓࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࡁ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩ
ࡶ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠏࠥࠓ
ࠧ ࠧࠥ ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠳ࠎࠖ
࠰ ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠏ߾࠰ࠩࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳ࡂ ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠏࡅࠖ߿ࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠞࠏࠓࠤ -
20
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠩࠕࠩࠏࡅ ࠐࠧࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
(࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࡂ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࡵ࠴߿࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠧ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ ߿߾࠰ࠊࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠋࠨࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ࠘߾࠰ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰ ࠛ࠱߾࠰࠱߾࠰ࡤߺࠤ
ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠛࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠛࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠐࠖ࠴ࠔ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠊࡗࠥࠧࠖ࠭ࠕࠤ ࠩࠎࠕࠤ (߿߾࠰ࠊࠤ) ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡁ ࠻ ࠖ ࠊ߿࠰ࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࡶ࠳ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠩࠎ࠘ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠛࠓࠪ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠀࠕࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠓࠨࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰࠭࠲߾࠰ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰
࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧ ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠋࠧࠥࠋࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠀࠏࠄࠤߺ࠱߾࠰࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠄࠦࠄࡰࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠖࠛߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠣ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࡶ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠨ ࡶ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠀࠒߺ࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰࠵߾࠰߿ࠤ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࡁ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠏࠛࠏ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰
ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠊ࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰
21
ࠖ࠴࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠞ࠰߿ࠄ࠰ߺࠓ࠰ ߺ߾࠰ࠓࠪ࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛࠤ ࠛࠀࠥࠏ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠄ߿࠰ࠛࠩࡤߺࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠎ࠰ࡹ࠲߾࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠤߺ࠰࠘࠭ࠧࠩࠕࠄ߿࠰ࠄࠓ࠰ࠩ߿࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠀࠥࠏ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠍࠣࠊࠧࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠋࠥ
ࠩ߿࠲߾࠰ ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡹࡥࠏࠦ ࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤࠖ࠴ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠀࠥࠧߺ࠱ࠥࠫ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࠍࠓࡢ࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠔࠨ࠲߾࠰
22
࠲ࠏࠎࠤࡄ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠓߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࡃࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠐࠥࡵࠥ࠴ࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠱ࠔ࠰ࡂ ࠩࠊ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠒࠥࠎ࠰߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠏ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ ࠲ࠓࠫࠏ࠰ࡵࠋ
࠭࠴ ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠓ
ࠪ ࠄ࠰ࠛ
߿ࠤ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠘࠭ࠧ ߿࠳࠘
ࠪ ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠓߺ࠘
ࠧࠥ ࠤ ࠛࠤࠕ࠭߿
ࠧ ߺ
ࠧࠥ ࠩ
࠰ ࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠝࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠵ࠔ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠪࠊ߾࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿ࡥࠏࠦ
ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠖ࠳ࠔ࠰ߺࠨ߿࠳ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠊࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠖࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ࠲ࠓࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴࠭࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠘࠭ࠧ߿࠳ࠪࠓࠛࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠓࠦ߿ࠤࠋࠥࠧࠩࠏ࠘ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕࠛߺ࠱ࠫࠥࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠛࠍࠥߺ
ࠋࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠓࡵࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓࠤࠖࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠎࠄ࠰ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ࠘࠭ࠧ߿࠳ࠪ࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ
ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠛࠤࠩࠏ࠘ࠖࠥࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠵࠷ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠵ࠔ࠰࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡄ ࠛࠍࠥߺ ࠏ߾࠰ࠓࠩࠕ߿ࠦࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠋࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠕࠓࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠖ࠴࠱߾࠰ ࠘ࠓࡢࠊࠩ࠙ࠤ߾࠰ ࠞࠦ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰߿ࠥࠎ࠰ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠖࡰࠊ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓࠊ࠰ (࠽) ࠞࠦ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠒࠥࠎ࠰ࠒࠧࠕ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠕࡄࡀ࠶࠵࠸ ࠒࠥࠎ࠰ ࠒࠥࠎ࠰࠲ࠐࠬ ࠓߺ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠊࠓ߾࠰߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠖࠤ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘࠭ࠧ߿࠳ࠪ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ࠲ࠏࠎࠤߺࠥࠧ ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠓ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࡃ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠛࡵࡗࠕࠤࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕ ࠭߿ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠓࠕࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࡵࡗࠕࠤࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
23
ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠖࠤ ࠊࠊ࠰࠘ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩࠕࡰࡺࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠓࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘࠳ࠤ࠲߾࠰ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠘࠭ࠧ߿࠳ࠪ࠲߾࠰ࡁ
ࡵ࠴߿࠰࠲ࠓࠫࠏ࠰ࠖࠧࠥߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠖࠤࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠛࠊࠨ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠲ࠤ ࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ࠲ࠓࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴࠭࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠏࠤࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕࠏ࠰ࡶ࠳ࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠔࠤࠔࠦࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠔࠨߺࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰
ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩ࠘࠳ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠐ࠱ࠤࠩࠔࠤ߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠊࠨࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠐࠥࠊ࠰ࠩࡅ࠲߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࡥࠏࠦ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡥࠏࠦࠀ࠭ࠧ࠘࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࡁ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߿࠳ࠎ࠰ࡹ࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠓ࠴ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࡤߺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
[ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠻ - ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠲ࠤࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ࠲ࠓࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴࠭࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰]
24
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ࠲ࠓࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴࠭࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏ࠳߾࠰ࠖ߾࠰ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ
ࠄࠥࡵࠥ߾࠰ ࠩࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠀ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰߿ࠤࡥࠏࠦ
ࠕࠔࠨࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠋࠥ ࡃࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ࠵߾࠰ ࠔࠤࠔࠦࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠲߾࠰
࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ߿ࠦࠓߺ
࠭ ࠎ
ࠥ ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ߾
࠰ ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧ ߺࠥࠧ ࠏ࠳߾ࠖ
࠰ ߾࠰ࠖ࠳ࠊࠖ
࠰ ࠏ࠰߿ࠤ࠳ ࠘ࠒࠤ࠵ࠏࠊ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠀ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩࠖࠖࠤ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ࠛߺࠪ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠩࠕࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩࠖࠖࠤ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰
ࠛߺࠪ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠩࠖࠖࠤ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ ࠛߺࠪ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ (¶ ࠹࠺) ࡁ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩࠖࠖࠤ࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰ ࠛߺࠪ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩ߿ࠩ߿߿ࠏ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࡶ߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠋࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠓࠓ
࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠊ
࠴
࠰ ࠱ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠤ߾࠰ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ
ࠀࠎ࠰ߺ
ࡹ ࠱߾࠰ࠩࠕ ߺࠓ࠰ࠏࠥࠎ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠵ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠎࠓ ࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠊߺ࠳ ࠒࠥࠎ࠰߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠏ࠱ࠥࠫࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࡨߺ࠳ࠩࠀࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠲ࠐࠎ࠰ࡹ࠱ࠥࠩࠕࠊࠥࠧࡹࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ࠲ࠓࠫࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴࠭ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧ
ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࡃࠊࠧࠥࡹࠛࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠕ ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠛࠓࠥࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠒࠥࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠋ࠭ࠧࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠀࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ
ࠋࠥࠎ࠰ ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ
ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠒ࠵ࡶ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠛࡵࡗࠕࠤࠔ࠰ ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠱ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠏࠣ
ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠊ࠳ߺ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࡥࠏࠦ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࠛࠤ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ (¶ ࠹࠺) ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠒࠥࠎ࠰߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠏ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠕࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠥࠧߺ࠰࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠒ࠵ࡶ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߾࠳
ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ - ࠖࠔ࠰ࠔࠤࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩ߿࠱ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠱ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠓ࠳࠵ࠓ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕࠄ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠕ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰
࠲ࠏࠫࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ “࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣࠀࠎ࠰ࡺߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩࠕࠛ࠘߾࠰” ࠓ࠴ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ ࠛࠪࠎ࠰࠱ࠦࠛࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺࠧࠖ࠘ࠓࡈࠩࠛ࠱߾࠰߿ࠓ
ࠦ ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ߺࠧ࠘ࠩࠏࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠛࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤࠕࡶ࠴ࠥ
ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠓ࠴ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠘ࠒࠤ࠵࠘ࠔ࠭ࠁࠤࠊࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠔࠨ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠩࠕ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߾࠳ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ ࠐ࠳ࡺ࠭ ࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠥࠧ ࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠋ࠵
ࠧ ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ ࠛࠎ࠰ߺࡷࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘࠭ࠧ ߿࠳ࠕ
ࠪ ࠎ࠰ࡵ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࡃ
ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛߺ࠱ࠥࠫ࠭߿ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠩࠕ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠩࠕࡶ࠴ࠄ࠰ ࠛߺ࠱ࠥࠫ࠲ࠏࠫࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠏ࠱ࠥࠫࠩࠕ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠒࠤ࠵࠘ࠔ࠭ࠁࠤࠊࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ࠎ࠰ࡹ࠳ࠪࠕࠤ
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠣ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠨࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠏ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠋࠨࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ
ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠩࠕ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠭߿ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠶࠽ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡶ࠳ࠤࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࡶ࠳ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠪࠩࠏ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠸࠵ ࠕࠤࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰ ࠛࠎࠄ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠖࠤ
ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
25
12? taxGaxGt}uHjyKcsuf trSwf 19
(trsKd;orD;rsm;tay: t-urf;zufr+)
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠖࠨࡺࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠊࠧࠖ࠭ࠧࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡹ߿࠳ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ
࠲ࠏࠎࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀࠎ࠰ࡹߺ࠱߾࠰߿࠳ࠤࠏ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࡁࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠖࠨࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࡶ࠴ࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠩࠎࠕࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠓࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠓ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ࠶࠵࠽ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ
ߺࠥࠧ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠏࠧࡈࠖࠥߺࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠎࠔ࠰ࠏࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠖ࠭ࠧ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ
ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇ ࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡁࠏࠣ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ [ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠤ ࠛࠩࠋ࠳ࠩࠋ࠳ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠸࠵
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠖࠖࠤࡤߺࠄ࠰ࡶࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰]
ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ߿ࠎ߿࠰
26
ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠋࠎ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠌࠉ࠰ࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰”࠶࠶࠹
࠙ࠧࠀࠧࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠞࠏࠓࠤ - ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࡶࠧ࠭ࠓ࠴ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰࠱ࠕࠩ࠘ ࠔࠤࠔࠦ ࠛࠓࠥࠎ࠰ࡹࠄࡰࠎ࠰ࡤߺࠤ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰
ࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖ߾࠰ࠓࠔࠤࠛ࠱߾࠰࠱߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࡵ࠴߿࠰
ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊࠏ
࠰ ࠣߺ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴࠲ࠥ ߾࠰ࠊࠥ࠘
ࡹࠧ ࠄ࠰ ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿
ࠩ
ࠧ࠭ ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠩࠒࠤ߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴࠙
ࠥ ࠧ ࠘ࠥ࠘ࠤࠋ߾࠰ࡶࠤ࠴ ࠩ߿
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠶࠺ ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ ࠛࠓ߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠏ࠳߾࠰ࠖ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠓ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠞࠏࠩࠌ
ࠛࠕ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠋࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠩࡶ࠳ࡺ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠳߾࠰
࠲ࠏࠫࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠋࠥࠎ࠰ࠛߺ࠳ࠏ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡁ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࡂ
ࠏ࠱࠭ࡺࡵ࠴ࡹ࠭ࠩࠎࠞࠦࠓࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠩ
࠭ ࠕࠀࡵ࡛ (ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰࠘߿
ࠥ ࠊ
ࠥ )࠰ ߺ߾࠰ࠓࠪࡥ ࠏࠦ ࠛࠊࠥࠖߺ
ࠧࠥ ߿
࠰ ࠤࠓ ࠏ࠱࠭ࡺࡵ࠴࠲ࡹ࠭ ߾࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠊ
࠭ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ
࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࠩ
࠰ ࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠛࠤ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠊߺ࠱ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠩࠏࡅࠖ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࡶ࠴ࡺࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰࠲߾࠰࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡵ߾ ࠰ ࠛࠓࠖߺ࠰ࠕ
ࠥ ࠰ ࠔ࠴ࠞࡂ ࠭ ࠎ࠰ ࠊ࠳ࠎࠀ
ࡹ࠰ ࠊ
ࠧ ࡤ࠰ ߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠖࠥ߾ࠏ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠰ ࠀࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࡂ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠓࠛࠤ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠓ࠴ࠓ࠴ࠥࠎ࠰ࠏ߿࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠍࠥࠏ࡞ࠣࠔ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠤࠓࠎ࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ
࠙ࠧ ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠷࠶ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ߿ߺࠤ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࠛ
ࡹ ࠊࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠊ
ࠥ ࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠛࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠩࠕࠛࠓࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨࠊࠊ࠰ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠷࠷ ࠕࠪࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࡶ࠴ࡺࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠀ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛߺࠔ࠰ࡂ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࡁ ࠛࠤࠉࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠨ
27
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎࠏࠣߺ ࠝߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠛࠓࡁ ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ࡹࠀࠧࠊ࠰ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࡤߺࠤ
ࠉ ࠋࠥࠧߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩߺ࠱ࠩࠛࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠕࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠐࠥࠛࠤࠩࠏࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠭ࠕ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࠛࠤࠉࠤࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠤࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠒ࠵࠘ࠥࡹࠧ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ ࠪ ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠷࠸ ࠛ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠪࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥ߾
ࠥ࠴ ࠘ ࠧ ࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓࠊ߾
ࠧࠥ ࡤ࠰ ߺࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠛࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ࠵߾࠰ࠔࠨࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠓࠄ࠰ ࠵ࠕࠓ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰ࡁ࠘ࠤ ߺࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠏ࠘ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩ࠘ࠤࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ
ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ࠓ
࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔࠩ
࠰ ࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ
࠱ࠤ ߺ߾࠰ࠓࠪ࠲ ߾࠰
28
ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࡃࡄ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰࠵ࠊࡗࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠐࠄ࠰ࠀࠄ࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࡁࠏ߾࠰ ࡃࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠛࠊࠤࠛࠀࠦࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡦߺ࠭ࠫࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕࠩ࠘࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࠩࠕࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠏࡂ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ
ࠛࠓ࠰࠱ࠦࠛࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩ࠵ࠖ࠭ࠩ࠘ࠤ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠋࠥࡶ࠴ࠖ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠘࠳ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠓࠩࠏࠩࠏࡀ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰
ࠛࠏ࠭ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ ࠝ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠤ࠲ࠓ߿࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠏ࠰ࠐࠎ࠰ࠊࠖࠪࠖࠪ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠖ࠴࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠊ
࠭ ߾
࠳ ࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ߿࠭࠲ࠧ ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ࠘
ࠄ࠰
߿ࠦࠩࠌࠣ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࡄ ࠛࠍࠥࠏࠣ࡞ ࠔ࠰ࠐ߾
࠳ ࠀ
࠰
ࠧࠥ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠕ ࠳࠲ࠪ ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀࠓ
࠭ ࠛ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓࠊ
࠴ ࠋ
࠰ ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࡃ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠖࠨࠛ
ࡹ ࠳߾࠰
ࠛࠩࠕ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠊ߿࠰ࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡃࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠎࠤࠖࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠸࠶ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤ
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠏ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠛࠤ ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠓࡦߺࠦࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ࠙ࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡵ߾
࠴ ࠛ
࠰ ࠊࠨ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠞࠦࡵ࠴߾ࠊ
࠰ ࠞࠦࡤߺࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠧ
ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࡃ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧࠎߺ࠰ࡶࠥ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠩࠕ ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓ ࠔࡵࡗࠕࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ࠙ࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥࡶ࠴ࠥࡤߺࠩࠏࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏࠖ࠭ࡺࠩࠀࠤ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰߿
࠭ ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࡃࡵ࠴߾࠘
࠰ ߺ࠰ࠀ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠩ
࠰ ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠊ
࠭ ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰߿
ࡹ ࠤ࠳
ࠓࠓ࠴࠱ࠩ࠵ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠴ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖ࠱ߺ࠰
ࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠸࠷ ࡃࠊࠧࠥࡹࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ ࡵࠥࠩࠀࠤ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠏ࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾ࠖ
࠰ ࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ
࠱ࠤࡄ ߺ࠳߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏ࠭࠘
ࠧ ࡷࠤࠎ࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠀ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠏࠨࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ߺࠨࠄࠦࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛࠩࠕࠏࠣࠏ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰
࠲ࠏࠫࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠪࠋࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠛࡥࠏࠦࠛࠏࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠳ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠛࡵ࠴࠭ࡹࠊ࠳߾࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠵ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫ
ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓ ࠩࠏࡅࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰
ࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠝ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧࠛࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠊࠕࠤࡶࠧ࠭ࡁ ࠛࠓࡤߺࠤࠎࠤࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ “ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠴ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕ” ࠞࠏࠩࠌߺࠥࠧ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰߿ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࡃࠞࠏࠩࠌߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠩࠖࠛࠎߺ࠰ࠋࠤ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
“ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠴ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕ” ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠛࠤ
ࠛࠍࠥࠏ࡞ࠣࠔ࠰ࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠋ࠳ࠩࠋ࠳ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠶࠾ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ
29
ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ
࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠀࠎ࠰ߺ
ࡹ ࠱߾࠰ࠊࠤࠀࠦࠩࠕ ࠞࠩࠕࠤࠏ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰߿ࠦ ȋȌ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠕ ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠍࠥࠏ࡞ࠣࠔ࠰ࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ࠱ߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ
ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠘
࠰ ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠘߾࠰ࠩ
ࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎࠓ
࠰ ࠛࠩࠎࠛࠋࠤ
ࠛࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠊࠤࠏࠓࠤࠉࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏࡅ ࠓࠨࠊࠄ࠰ࡂ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰࠭ࠕࠓ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࡶ࠴ࠤࠩࠐ࠳ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࡄ ࠖ࠭ࠧ࠲࠭ࠫࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠤࠓ࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠏࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰
• ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠝߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰
ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘࠙ࠁࠤࠊࡶ࠴ࠥࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠥ߾ࠏ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠰ ࠀࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘߾࠰ࡶࠥࠧ ࠄࡰࠎ࠰ ࠊࠓ࠰ࡁ ࠛ߿ࠏ࠱ࠥࠫ࠘߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤ ࠑ࠙ࠧ࠘ࠧࠊࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠓࠥࠧ
ࠊࠧࠥ࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࡀ
• ࠊࠕࠤࠩࠕࠛࠓࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠓ
ࠥ ࠱ࠤ ࠕࠪࠛࠓࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠩ
ࠏ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠑ࠙ࠧ࠘ࠧࠊࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧࠏ࠳ࠤࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤࠓࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ࠊ߾࠰ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ߿࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࡂ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕ
ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠛ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࡶࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ ࠖ࠭ࡺࠩࠀࠤ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠏ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠧࠏࠩ
࠰ ࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠣ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠩࡵ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠔ࠴ߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡹࠏ࠱࠭ࡺࡵ࠴ࡹ࠭߿࠳ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠖ࠴࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠊࠥࠓࠨࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕࠄ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧ
ࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡃࠊࠧࠥࡹࡄ ࠖࠏ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛߺࠎ࠰ࡹࠛ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠖ࠳ࠏ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠛࠤ ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤࠩࠕ ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠕࠧࠊ࠭ࠧࠖࠧࠏ࠰ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠩࠏࡅࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠕࠄ࠰ࡶ࠳ࠔ࠰ࡶ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠐࠎ࠰ࠊࠦࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠱ࠩࠎࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࡹࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
30
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠒ࠵ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࡁ ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠤࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰
ࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࡰࠓ࠰ࠓࠥࠧࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠝߺࠪ࠘
ࡹࠥࠧ ࡵ࠴ࠏ
ࠥ ߿
࠰ ߺ࠰ࠄࠞ
࠰ࠏࠓ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ
࠱ࠥࠎࠊ
࠰ ࠳߾࠰
ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
31
࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ߺ߾࠰ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰࠳߾࠰ࠩࠏࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ࡀ
ࡤ࠘ࠧࠊ࠰ࠖ ࠷࠽ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡹ ࠷࠵࠶࠶ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠓࡢࠊ ࠞࠦ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰߿ࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠏࠋࠓࠀ࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠓ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠱ߺ࠰
࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠹ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ ߺ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠄࠥࡵࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࡥࠏࠦࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠖߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ (࠽) ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏ߿࠰ࠊ࠰ࠊࠧߺ
ࠥ ࠰ࠧࠥߺ࠰ࠓ ࠕࠏ࠰߿ࠪࠩࠕ ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ ȋȌߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࠒࠤࠖ
࠶࠺ ࠕߺ࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠕࠋࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ (࠻) ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠕࠋࠥࠧ࠳߾࠰
ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠪࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠶࠹࠷
ࠛ࠲ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ (࠼) ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࠩࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳ࠓࠩࠒࠤ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࡂ ࠛࠤࠓ࠭ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩ߿߿ࠏ࠰ࠄࠥࡵࠥ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰
ࠊࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠘࠭ࠧࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩ࠘࠳࠳ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠓࠨ࠵ࠣࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ߺࠎ࠰ࡹߺ࠳ߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰
ࠩࠕࠋࠥࠧࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠕࠋࠥࠧࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠕࡶ࠴ࠄ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࠊ࠭ࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠓࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛࠩࠕࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠊ߿࠰ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱߾࠰߿ࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦ
ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠐߺ࠰ ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰࠲߾ࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰
32
ࠏ߿࠰ࠊ࠰ࠊߺ
ࠧࠥ
࠰ ߺ
ࠥࠧ ࠓ
࠰ ࠓ
࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡵ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࡶ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠥߺ
ࠧ ࠏ
࠰ ࠓ
ࠪ࠳ ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠎ࠰ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤࠖ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࡶ࠳ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠳ࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠏࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰࠲߾ࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࡄ ߿߿࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡤߺࠄ࠰࠲ ߾࠰ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࡄ ࠛࠖ࠭ࠧ ߿࠭ࠖ
ࠧ ࠊ
࠳ ࠖ
࠰ ࠏ࠰߿ࠤ࠳ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࡶࠩ
ࠥ࠴ ࠎࡥࠏࠦ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࡺࠨ
ࠀࡵ࡛ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠩ࠘࠳ࠐࠔ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠛࠤࠉࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠋࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠦࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠝ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰
ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎ࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠖࠨࠋࠧࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠀࠥࠧࡶ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛߺ࠱ࠥࠫ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠭߿ࠤࠕࠩ߿ࡥࠏࠦ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠕࡰࡺࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠧࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࠪࠒ࠵ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡹࠩࠎࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠤ ࠊ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ࠙ࠨࡂ ࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠏ߿࠰ࠛࠊ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰߿ࠪࠩࠕ࠙ࠨࡂࠖࠄ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠩࡅࠀࠥࠧࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠏࡀ
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠱࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ
33
ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠕࠛࠓࠥࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠛࡵ࠭࠴ࡹ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰
ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ȋȌࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠎ࠲߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠵ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠄࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߿ࠄ࠰ࡶࠧ࠭ࠖ࠭ࡺࠩࠀࠤ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠭ࠓ࠴ ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠕࠔࠨ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ
࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰߿࠭ࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠧߺࠥࠧ
࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ ࠛࠊࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ȋȌ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪ
ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓࠥࠎ࠰ࡹࠩࠏࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠕࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰࠭ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ “ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠕࠤࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ” ࡵ࠴߾࠰ “ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ࠏࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕ ߺࠊࠥߺ࠵ࠊ࠰
ࠩࡤߺ࠲߾ࠤ߿ࠤࠊࠓ࠰” ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ߿࠭࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ߿࠭ࡵࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺࠊࠥߺ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠄࠦ߿࠳ࠤ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤ ߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠩࠕ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠵߾࠰࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡤߺࠤࠎࠤ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰ࠓࠄ࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛࠤ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡹࠓ࠴ ࡤ࠘ࠁࠤࠖࡰࠓ࠰ࠓࠥࠧࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠒࠪ
࠘ࠦ࠲ࠤࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠛࠓߺࠥ߿ࡋࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࡶࠧ࠭ࠀࠦ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠘ࠔ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰
ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠛࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰
࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧ
࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠪ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓ߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰߿࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠔߺ࠰ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠒࠪ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠳ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠕࠪࠛࠓࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠓࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠷࠵࠵࠽ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡁ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦࠓ࠴ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠄࠦ
ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠩࠕࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠏ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࡹ࠱ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨࠓ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰࠘ࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩ߿߿ࠏ࠰ࠄࠥࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨ ࠄࠦ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠓࠀࠧࠥ ࠐࠔ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠤࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠓ࠱ࠤࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߺࠤࠖࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠀࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠞࠦࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠦ ࠛ߿ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ࠊࠀ߾࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠤࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࡷࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ࠩ߿߿ࠏ࠰ࠄࠥࡵࠥ߾࠰ࠓࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠵߿࠳ࠤࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨ߿࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳ࠄࠥࡵࠥ߾࠰ࠓ ࠛࠀ߾࠰
ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࠎࠄ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠸࠵ ࠕࠤࠧࠥ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠓࠄ࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠊࠤ߿ࠎ߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠛ߿࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ
࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛߺ࠱ࠥࠫ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࡥ࠭ࠫ߾࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰߿ࠤ࠲ࠏࠫ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࡶࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
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ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠴ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎࠩ
࠰ ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠛ
ࠤࠖ࠭ࠧ ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰ࠓࡄ
࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠏࠊ࠳߾ࡶ
࠰ ࠩ
ࠥ࠴ ࠎࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠕࡶ࠴ࠄ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࡄ ࠛ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ߿ࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ
ࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠩ߿ࠤ࠰ߺࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭
ߺࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠝࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࡦߺࠦࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠛࡵ࠴࠭ࡹࠏ࠱࠭ࡺࡵ࠴࠭ࡹࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ࠓ࠴
ߺ߾࠰ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰࠳߾࠰ࠕࠩࠎ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠔࠞ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࠤࠩࠏߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠓ ࠏࠉࠤࠓࠩ࠲ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠀࡵ࡛ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ߿࠭ࠧ
࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠳ࠪ࠲ࠤࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠖ࠱ߺ࠰ ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
35
ࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠞ߿ࡋࠤ ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠛࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࡁ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠏ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ [ࠀࠥࠧߺ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩ߿ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠊࠕࠤ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠛࠩࠖࠛࠋࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠶࠸ ߺࠥࠧ ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠏࠣ]ࡀ
36
ࠛࠩࠏࡅࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠖ࠭ࠧ࠵ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰࠳߾࠰ࠩࠏࠋࠤࡥࠏࠦ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ
ࠔࡵࡗࠕࠤ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠏࡁ࠘ࠤ ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠖ࠭ࠧࡄ ࠩࡤߺ࠲߾ࠤ࠱ߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ ࠏ࠭ࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠛࠕ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊࠨࠄࠦࠓ࠴࠱ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥࡥࠏࠦ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠋࠥࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠓࠛࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ
࠲ࠏࠆࠤࠎ࠰࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠲߾߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠐ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠕࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠒࠔ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠴ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ
ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠓ ࠥ࠴ ࠎࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠲ ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠻࠶
࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤࠊࠕࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠔࡵࡗࠕࠤ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠏࡁ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࡶࠩ
࠷࠵࠶࠶ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠴ ߿ࡂ ࠛࠩࠋ࠳ࠩࠋ࠳ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ (࠶࠾) ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓ࠴ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠴ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰
ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ࠾࠷ ࠓ ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨ ࠶࠷࠸ ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠎ߿࠰ࠎࠤࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓ
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠓࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠩࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࡤߺ (࠘ࠥࠧࡹ) ߺࠧ߿ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠓࠕࠪࠩࠏࡀ࠶࠻࠷
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠖ
࠭ ࠧ࠭ ࠀࠧ߾
ࠥ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ ȋ Ȍ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࡶ
࠭ ࠥ࠴ ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠳ࠎ߿
࠰ ࠤ࠳ ࠖࠄ࠰ࠏࠊ࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ
ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠔࡵࡗࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠋࠪࠓ࠴ ࠊ߿࠰ࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰࠭ࠕࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠱ࠞ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠩ࠲ࠐࡶ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠴ ࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠻࠺ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠏ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ ȋ Ȍ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌࠔࡵࡗࠕࠤ߿ࠎ߿࠰ ࠊࠧࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠏࡀ ࠛࠒࠔ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠀ
ࠩ
ࠧࠥ ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࡃࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࡁ ࠖ࠭ࠩ
ࠧ ࠖࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳
ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ߺ࠳࠱ࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩࠏࡀ (ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠛࠤࠩࠏ ࠏࠧࡈࠥࠫࠖ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰)ࡀ ࠩࠌ࠘ࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࡶࠧ࠭࠳ࠪ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛߺࠨࠛࠄࠦࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠀࡵ࡛࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠓ ࡶ࠴ࠥࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠴ࠥࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࡄ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡶ࠴ࠥ ࠛࡦߺࠦࠛߺࠪࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠀࡵ࡛ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎ ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠖࠄ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛࠩࠎࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠧࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ
ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࡄ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛߺ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
37
ࠛࡦߺ࠭࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
• ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ ࠕࠪࠛࠓࠋࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧ ࠕࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠘
ࠪ ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠳߾ࠛ
࠰ ࠩࠕ ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ࠓ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࡵ࠴ࠥࠏ࠰߿ߺ࠰ࠄࠞ࠰ࠏࠓ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠖ࠳ࠔ࠰ߺࠨ߿࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ
߿ࠎ߿࠰ࡦߺࠦࠛࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠫ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰ࠒߺ࠰ࠊࠕࠤࡶࠧ࠭ ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠏࠅࠥࠏߺࡇࡵ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࠀߺ࠰߿ࠏ࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ȋȌ ࠛࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰ ࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰
࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡃࡄ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠖߺ࠰ࠊ࠭ࠧࡹ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠕࡶ࠴ࠥࠖࠥࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿ࠦࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠐࠔ࠰ࡶࠤ࠴ ࠩࠏࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠧࠏࡵ
࠰ ߾
࠰ࠧࠥ ߿
࠰ ࠓ
࠳ ࠰ ࠕࠄ࠰ࡶࠩ
ࠥ࠴ ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠛ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࡶࠩ
ࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠓ
࠱ࠤࡶ࠴࠘
ࠥ ࠄ࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠛߺ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠓࠊࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ࠭ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠖࠥࠧࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠝߺࠪ࠘ࠧࠥࡹࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛߺࠨࠛࠄࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ
ࠩ࠘ࠌࠉ࠰ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓߺࠥ߿ࡋࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࡶࠧ࠭࠵߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛࠩࡤߺ
ࠩ߾࠳ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࡶࠧ࠭ߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺ࠱߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ (࠘ࠧࠥࡹ) ࠛࠓࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠏࠣࠛ࠵߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ߿ࠎ߿࠰ࡦߺࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠕࠄ࠰ࠛࠩ࠘࠳࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠦ࠲߾࠰ ߺ࠳࠱ࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠒߺ࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠓ
ࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠊߺࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ߿࠭࠱ࠥࠎ࠰߿࠭ࡵࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠊࠕࠤࠩࠕࠀࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤߺࠧ߿ࠤࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎࠓ
࠰ ࠩ
࠴ࠦ ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓࠥࠎ
ࡹ࠰ ࠱࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠥࠎࠛ
ࡹ࠰ ࠤࠉࠤࠊࠄ࠰ࠩ߿࠲߾࠰߿࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰
ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ߿࠭ࡵࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠩ࠘࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࠧࠥߺ࠰ࠎࠤࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠥࠎ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
• ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠋࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠞ࠰߿ࠄ࠰ߺࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ
ࠀࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠋ࠭ࠧࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠎࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠒߺ࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠓࠓࡶ࠴ࠥ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠤ/ࠓ ࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫ ࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠋࠪ ࠋࠄ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠛࠩ࠲ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠔࠨࠛࠀࠛ߿࠳ࠛ
ࠪ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࡤ࠘ࠁࠤࠖࡰࠓ࠰ ࠓࠥࠧ ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࡶ࠴ࠩ
ࠥ ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߺࠥࠔ
ࠧ ࠩ
࠰ ࠕ
ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤ ࠖࠨࡹࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠖࠥࠧࠛࠏ࠰࠘ࠖࠥࠧ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰
࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠞࠏࠓࠤ- ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠤ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࠓࠄ࠰࠵ࠣ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠩࠐࠤ࠰࠲ࠏ࠲߾࠰ࡀ
• ࠛࠋࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿ࠄ࠰߿ࠎ߿࠰ࠕࡥ࠴ࠥ ࠏࠦ ࠖ࠭ࡥࠧ ࠭ࠫࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࡶࠧ࠭ ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠀࠤߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊࠕࠤࠖࠥࠧ ࠓ࠱ߺ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࡥࠏࠥࠫ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠩࡵ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠔ࠴ߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠊ࠭ࠧࡹ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠋࠥࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠎ߿࠰ࠎࠤ࠲߾࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓࡤߺࠤࠎࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓ߿ࠓ࠴ࠦ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ
࠰ ࠱ࠥࠎࡵ
࠰ ߾
࠴ ࠰ ࡥࠏࠦࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎࠓ
࠰ ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔࠩ
࠰ ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠥࠛ
ࠧ ࠏ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠒࡷࠤࠩ߾࠳࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠞ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠋࠄ࠰ࠩࠐࠤ࠰
ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࡶ࠳ߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠥࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࠄ࠰ࠏࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ࠱ࠬ
ࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠊࠕࠤ࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠏ࠰࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌ࠲ࠏࠫࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠓࠨࠩࠒࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠨࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࡀ
38
aemufqufwGJ (1)
yk'fr 5? ykHpHcGuf xnfhoGif;qufqHjcif;ESifh "avhxkH;wrf; tavhtxrsm;
࠶ࡀ ࠎ߿࠰ࠎࠤࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠩࠖࠛࠋࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠍࠓࡢࠊࠤࠖࠤ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠩࠖࠛࠋ
࠘ߺ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ
ࠋࠥࠓ࠰࠲ࠓࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠩࠖࠛࠋ
ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ
ࠏࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ • ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠋࠪࠊ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠘ࠎ࠰ࡺࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠕ ….. ࠖࠧࠏ
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠌࠉ࠰ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ
ࠧ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࡺࠧ ࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠓ࠴
࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ߿࠳ࠎࠏ
ࡹ࠰ ߿࠰ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ - ࠏࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ (PWO)
ࠏࠛࠥࠧࠗ࠰ Ȉ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊ࠲ࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࡤߺࠏ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ - ࠏࠛࠥࠗ
ࠧ ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠓࡈ (PWU)
39
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ • ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠛࠖࠔ࠰ࠏ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠰ - ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴ࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠋࠪ ࠘ࠥࡺࠧ
࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤ࠳߾ࠕ
࠰ ࠖࠥࠏ
ࠧ ࠣߺ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎࠩ
࠰ ࠖࠖ࠭ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠧ࠭ ࡦߺࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠊࠧ࠭ ߺࠥࠧ
࠘ࠔ࠰ࠖࠤࠕࠓࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡄ ࠊ࠲ࠤࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ - ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࡥࠏࠦ
ߺࠩࠖࠩࠓ࠳ࡥࠏࠦࠓ࠴ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠥࡺࠧ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰࠵߾࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠳ࠤࡄ ࠖࠨࡦߺࠦ࠘ࠨࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠭ࠓ࠴ ࠳߾ࠖ
࠰ ࠊ
ࡰ ࠰
ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠕࠔࠨࠕࠓࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠒࠧࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠦࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠲ࠓߺ࠰ࡵࠊ
࠰ ࠘ࠎ࠰ࡺࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠕ
ࠖࠧࠏࠕ
࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ࠎࠤࠓࡤߺࠤ࠘ࠨ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺࠥࠔ
ࠧ ࠵
࠰ ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ
ࠣ ߺࠥࠔ
ࠧ ࠵
࠰ ࠎ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
࠘ࠥࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ - ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤࠀߺ࠰࠘ࠔ
࠳ ࠖ
࠰ ࠏ
ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ࠴ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕߺ
࠳ ࠩ
࠰ ࠕࠛ࠘߾࠰(SWAN)
ߺࠩࠖࠩࠓ࠳߿ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠩࠖࠛࠋ
ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ
ࠓࠥ߾࠰
ߺࠕ߾࠰ • ߺࠩࠖࠩࠓ࠳ࠐ࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠸ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖࠩࠓ࠳߿ ࠓࠥ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠩࠓ࠳ࠐ࠳ࠤ
ࠕࠤࠩࠎࠕࠤ/ࠩࠎࠛࠥࠓ࠘
࠰ ࡺࠧ ࠥ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡂ ࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤ࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ࠋࠥ࠘
ࠧ ࡺࠧ ࠥ ࠖࠧࠏ
ࠧ ࠲࠰ ߾࠰ࠛࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠛ
ࠧ ࠓ
ࠥ ࠊ
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠕࠥࠩ
࠴ ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠲ ࠓࠊ࠰ࠓࠛ
ࠩࠏࡅ
࠘ࠊ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔࠩ
࠰ ࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠘ࠨࠊࡺࠧ ࠥ ߺ ࠔ࠭ࡤࠧ ߺࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ߺࠩࠖࠩࠓ࠳߿ࠓࠥ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊ࠲ࠤࠛࠥࠓ࠘
࠰ ࡺࠧ ࠥ ࠘࠳ࠤࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ࠏࠊ࠰ࠏࠣߺ ࠋࠥࠛ
ࠧ ࠓ
ࠥ ࠰
ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛࠥࠓࠩ
࠰ ࠀࠓࡊࠖࠤ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ
ࠧ ࠩ
࠰ ࠏࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ - ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࡺࠪ (KWO)
40
ߺࠩࠖࠛࠓࡰࠤࠏࠨ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠩࠖࠛࠋ
ࠩࠓ࠳࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ
࠷. ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠞࠦ߿ࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ
41
ࠋࠤ࠵ࠔ࠰
42
aemufqufwGJ (2)
yk'fr 6? jzpf&yfrSef avhvmjcif;ESifh vlukefuljcif;
ࠐࠨ࠱ࠦࠛࠓ࠰Ɣƙƙ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࠍࠓࡢࠋࠥࠓ࠰࠲ࠓࠤࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕ࠲߾࠰ࡀ
“ࠛߺࠔ࠰ࡂ ߺ࠱ࠓߺ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠐࠥࠧࡺ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࠓࠔ࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠕ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡺߺ ࠩ࠳ࠩࠊ࠳ࠎࠪࡺ ࠛࠊࠨࠩࠎ
ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠔ࠰ࡀ”
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࡺ߿࠳ࡀࠪ ࠷࠵࠶࠸
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࠕࠤࡀ ࠔ߾࠰ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠊࠕࠧࠊࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠭
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨߺࠧ ࠥ ࠏࠥࡺࠧ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠄ࠰ࠩ
ࠎࠕࠤࡀ ࠊࠦߺ߿࠰ࠐࠨ࠱ࠦࠔࠓ࠰ ࠊࠕࠧࠊࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠭
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࡀ ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࡦߺࠦࠎࠤߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࡀ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠥࠕ
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠘
࠰ ࡀࠨ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߿ࠞ
࠰ ࠦ
ࠛࠍࠥߺ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡀ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠊࠪࠓ
ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠖࠓ
ࠨ ࠛ
࠘ࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠛ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴
ࠊࠕࠧࠊ
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ߾ ࠭ ࡺࠧ ࠥ ࠩࠕࡰࡺࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ
࠰ ࠘ ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠤ࠴ ࠩࠐ࠳ࡤߺ࠲߾࠰
࠰ ࠱ࠤ • ࠓࠥ߾࠰ߺࠔ
ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊࠓ ࠳ ࠖ
࠰ ࠎ
࠳ ࡥ࠰ ࠏࠦࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠐ߾࠰ࡵ߾
࠴ ࠛ
࠰ ࠊࠨ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
࠰ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠭ ߺ࠱߾࠰
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࡦߺࠦࠎࠤࠓ࠴ ࠊࠕࠧࠊࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠭ ࠔ߾࠰ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࡺࠧ ࠩࠕࡰࡺࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰
ࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠕࠧࠊ
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠊ
࠭ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠖࠖ ࠱࠴ ߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠧࠊ
ࠧ ࠰ ࠔ࠳ࠓ࠰
ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰߾
ࠣࠕࠤ࠘ࠤࠕࠥࠩ
࠴ ࠘ࠤ ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߾࠳ࠎࠄ࠰࠘ࠨ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ࠊ࠲ࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠊ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠖ ࠵߾࠰ࠩ߾࠳ ࠊࠕࠧࠊ
ࠧ ࠔ
࠰ ࠓ
࠳ ࠰ ࠘࠭ࠧ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠕ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠖࠧࠏࠕ
࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ߺࠊࠥࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߿ࠞ
࠰ ࠦ
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠨ ࠓࠥࠊࠩ
࠰ ࠀ࠳࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘
ࠪ ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧߺ ࠳߾ࠓ
࠰ ࠲ࠏࠫࠓࠄ࠰ߺ߿
ࠧࠥ ࠧ ࠥ ࠕࠥࠓࠩ
࠰ ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠭ ࠕ࠘ࠨ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ࠘
ࠧ ࡺࠧࠥ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥ࠲ࠧ ߾࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠪࠩ
ࠏࡀ
• ࠊࠀߺ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠨߺࠧ ࠥ ࠐࠨ࠱ࠦࠔࠓ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ ࠊࠦߺ߿࠰࠘ࡺࠧ ࠥ
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ࠰ ߺࠨ࠭ࠕࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠥࠓࠊ
࠰ ߿࠰ࠛࠓ
ࠥ ࠊ
࠰ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩࡵ࠴ࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠤߺࠤࠊࠕࠧࠊ
ࠧ ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࡤߺࠏ࠰ ࠛࠥࠓࠩ
࠰ ࠋࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠩ߿ࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ࠘ࠨࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠋࠤ࠘ࠨࡄ ߿ࠥߺ
ࠧ
࠰ ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠩ߾࠳ࠓࠕࠏࠪ
ࠛࠖࠧࠏࠖ
࠰ ࠏ
ࠧ ࠩ
࠰ ࠏࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ࠘࠭ࠧ ࠖࠎ࠰ࡺࠛࡤߺࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠔ࠰ࠖࠐ
ࠦ ࠎ
ࠧ ࠰ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ
࠲ࠏࠫ࠳߾ࠕ
࠰ ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠕࠪ࠘ࠐ
ࡹࠧࠥ ࠎ
ࠧ ࠰ ࠩࡅࠀߺ࠰࠘ࠔ
࠳
࠰ ࠘
ࠪ ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠸ ࠖࡤߺࠤ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠋࠥࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ ࠭ࠕ ࡥࠏࠦࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰
ࠓࠨࠀࠔ࠰ࠕࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠕ
࠰ ࠴ࠥ ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠓ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩ
ࠕ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕ ࠩ࠙ࠤ࠘ࠥࠏ
ࡹࠧ ࠩ
ࡹࠧࠥ ࠀࠤ߾࠰
࠭ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠓ
ࠧ ࠊ
࠴ ࠀ߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠀࠔ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡵ߿
࠴ ࠲࠰ ߾࠰ࠒࠧࠕ
ࠧ ࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠴
࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠖ
ࠧ ࠤࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ࠩࡅࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ࡀ
43
ࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠁࠤࠓ࠴ ࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕ࠲߾࠰࠶࠻࠼
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࡹ߿ࠪ࠳ ࠷࠵࠶࠷
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࠕࠤ ࠖࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠁ
࠰ ࠤߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠭
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨߺࠧ ࠥ ࠏࠥࡺࠧ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠄ࠰ࠩ
ࠎࠕࠤ ߺ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠓ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠕࠤ࠳ ࠔࠨࠎࠎ࠰ࠊࠕࠧࠊࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠭
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ߾ࠔ࠰ࠕࠔ
࠳ ࠘
࠰ ߺ
ࠨ ࠱߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ (ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠥ) ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠧ ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠓࠥࠧ ࠄ࠴߾࠰ ࠓ࠴ ࠊ࠲ࠤ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ߾ࠣࠞࠦࡀ
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠥࠕ
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠘
࠰ ࠨ “ࠛࠔ࠰ࠖ”࠰ ࠙ࠧ ࠩࡅࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠁ
࠰ ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ
44
ࠊࠕࠧࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠵ࠎ࠰ ࠊࠦࠔࠓ࠰࠶࠻࠽ ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠖࠨߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠨ࠭ࠕ࠲߾࠰ࡀ
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠲߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࡹ߿ࠪ࠳ ߿ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠹࠷࠵࠵࠾ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏࠤ࠳ ࠪࠩ
࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࠕࠤ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠓ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠓࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏ߾
ࠧࠥ ࠰ ࡀ
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ ࠎࠕࠤ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠊࠔ
࠰ ࠨ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨߺࠧ ࠥ ࠏࠥࡺࠧ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠄ࠰ࠩ ࠦ ࠓ࠰ ࠊࠕࠧࠊࡵ
࠰ ߾
ࠧࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠭
ࠖࠨߺࠎ
ࠧ ߺ
࠰ ࠨ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠖ࠳ EE ࠏࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠷࠾ ࡵ࠴߿࠰
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠥ
࠰ ࠨ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠹࠹ ࡵ࠴߿ࠛ
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠘ ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠩࠖ࠳ FF ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠹࠷ ࡵ࠴߿ࠛ
࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ Bࡀ
45
46
aemufqufwGJ (3)
yk'fr 10? ynma&;
WLB ߺ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࠔࠨࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ߿ࠤࠊߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠓࡵࠎ࠰࠶࠻࠾
ࠊࠎ࠘ࡊࠤࠕࠦ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰
߿߿࠰ߺ߾
ࠥࠧ ࠰
ࠕࠧ߾
ࠥ ࠰
ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦߺࠔࠤ
47
48
aemufqufwGJ trSwf 4
yk'fr 12? usef;rma&;
WLB ߺ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠔࠨࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖࠩࠓ࠳ࠐ࠳ࠤ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࡀ࠶࠼࠵
ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤ
ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦ/ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦ/ ࠌࠦࠩࠓࠤࠀࠥࠧ ࠖࠥ࠳ࠫ߾࠰ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠐࠕࠨࠀࠥࠧ
࠺࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠹࠸.࠹࠽ ࠼࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠻࠵.࠽࠻ ࠷࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠶࠼࠸.࠾ ࠶ ࠸࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠷࠻࠵.࠽࠼ ࠸࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠷࠻࠵.࠽࠼ ࠹࠺࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠸࠾࠵.࠷࠾
ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠕࠥ࠴ ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠶࠶ ࠕ࠳ࠤ
߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠙ࠧࠓࠖ
ࡢ ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠥ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺߺ
࠳ ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠧ
࠺࠺,࠵࠵࠵ ࠹࠼.࠼ ࠶࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠽࠼.࠵ ࠶࠺࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠶࠸࠵.࠹ ࠸࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠷࠻࠵.࠽࠼ ࠸࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠷࠻࠵.࠽࠼ ࠻࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠺࠷࠷.࠵࠵ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠖࠕࠦ࠴ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠼
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
ࠕ࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡵࡗࠦ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺߺ
࠳ ࠰ ࠺ ࠧ
ࠊࠎࡊ࠘ࠤࠕࠦࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
ࠊࠎࡊ࠘ࠤࠕࠦ ࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ
࠷࠺,࠵࠵࠵ ࠷࠶.࠻࠽ ࠻࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠺࠷.࠷ ࠶࠺࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠶࠸࠵.࠹ ࠸࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠷࠻࠵.࠽࠼ ࠷࠺࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠷࠶࠻.࠽࠸ ࠺࠵࠵,࠵࠵࠵ ࠹࠸࠹.࠻
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠶࠵ ࠕ࠳ࠤ
aemufqufwGJ (5)
yk'fr 12?usef;rma&; vufawGŒuGif;qif;tpd&ifcHpmrsm;
࠶ࡀ ࠖࠨࠓࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛ࠵ࠎ࠰ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ
ߺࠕ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠊ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࡵࠧ߾
ࠥ ߾
࠰ ࠊ
࠭ ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠛࠥࠧ ࠛࠥࠓࠓ
࠰ ࠪ ࠩࠕࡰࡺࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰߿ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩ࠘࠳ࠛࠤࠎࠄ࠰࠲߾࠰
ࠓࡤߺࠤࠉ ࠑࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠎࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠎࠤࠊࠤࠕ࠴ࠄ࠰ࠩ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠙ࠤࠕ࠱ࠫࠥࡺࠊࠪ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠭߿ࠤࠩࠎࡤߺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࡤߺࠤࠉ
ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩ࠘࠳ࠛࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࠩࠕࠤࠣߺࠥࠧ ࠏ࠭ࠧࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࡥࠥ ࠏࠦ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧߺࠥࠧ ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠕࠕ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠕࠓࡵࠎ࠰ ࠏࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ߿ࠎ߿࠰
49
ࠊࠎ࠘ࡊࠤࠕࠦࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
50
࠸ࡀ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠛ࠘ࠥ
߿߿࠰ࠊࠓ࠰ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࠔ࠘
ࠨ ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠓࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠬ ࠖࠥ߾
ࠧ
࠰ ࠣ/ࠖࠪ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺࠥࠎ࠰ ࠊࠧࠎ࠰ ࠓࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ ࠓࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠏࠥࠎ࠰ /ࠓࠧ߾
ࠥ ࠰ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠊࠤ࠱ࠦࠖࠊ
ࠥ ࡥ࠰ ࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎ/ࠦ ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠌࠦࠩࠓࠤࠀࠥࠧ ࠖࠥࠫ࠳ ߾࠰ࠩߺࠤ࠰ ࠐࠕࠨࠀࠧ ࠥ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠖࠤ࠙ࠨ ࠛࠣ ࠵ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎ/ࠦ ߺࠔࠤ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡀ
ࠩ࠲ࠐࠀࠥ࠘
ࠧ ࠞ
ࠨ ࠦ ࠩࠕ ࠸࠵࠵ ࠞࠦ
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࡵ࠴߿ࠓ
࠰ ࠴ ࠸࠵ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠛࠋࠥ
ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕࠥ
࠴ ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠶࠵ ࠕࠤࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ࠎ
࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲࠭ࠎࠤࠖࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠵ ࠕࠤࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ࠎ
࠰ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ߺࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠕࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥࠕࠥ࠴ࠎࠤࠖࠄ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠒ࠵ࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰߿ࠏ࠰ࠕࠓࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠵ ࠕࠤࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ࠎ
࠰ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠤࠣࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠕࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺߺࠤߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠕࠓࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠵ ࠕࠤࠧ߾
ࠥ ࡵ
࠰ ࠎ
࠰ ࠓࠩࠓ࠴࠱ࠤ࠰ࠖ߾࠰ࠏࠪ ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠕࠓࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰
࠶࠵ ࠕࠤࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ࠎ
࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠕࠔࠨࠕࠓࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠵ ࠕࠤࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ࠎ
࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠕࠔࠨࠕࠓࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠵ ࠕࠤࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡵ
࠰ ࠎ
࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠏ࠳ࠤߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪࠩࠕࠤࠣࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛࡵࡗࠕࠤࠔ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ࠏࠣߺ
ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰ࠕࠓࠄ࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠘࠳ࠤࠕࠓࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
51
aemufqufwGJ (6)
yk'fr 14ծ aus;vufa'orS trsKd;orD;rsm;
ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ
ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰ࠓ ࠛࠤࠎࠄ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰߾࠭ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ࠵ࠣࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎࠤ
ࠊ߿࠰࠲ࠧ ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧ߾
ࠥࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠛ
࠭ ࠵࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠱ࠥࠎࡺࠪ ࠘࠳ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀࠧ࠭ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧ ࠵ ߺ࠳ࠔࠩ
࠰ ࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰
࠘࠳ࠤࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠕࠄ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠓ࠙ࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ࠙ࠤࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ WLB ߺ ࠕ࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠒࠥࠎ࠰ࠓࠄ࠰ ࠒࠥࠎ࠰࠲ࠐࠬࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠊ࠲ࠤ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࡤߺ࠳ࠩࠀࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠓ ࠊࠥࠧ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠖࠤ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠵߾࠰ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠊߺࠨ ࠩ߿࠱ࠩࠏࠣࠩࠏࠣࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠕࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
߿߿࠰ࠩࠕࠖࠏ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠤࠓ
• ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࡺ߿߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡹࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠱࠲߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡺࠓ࠴ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛߺ࠱ࠥࠫࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠛࠤࠋࠤࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࡺ
߿߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺࠨ࠘ࠎ࠰ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠵ࠔ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ “ࠎߺ࠰ࠎߺ࠰ࠎࠪࠎࠪ ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠏࠊ࠰࠘ߺ࠰ࠩࠎ࠲߾࠰”ߺࠥࠧ
ࠓ࠘ࠥߺ࠱ࠥࠫߺ࠳࠱ࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠩࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
• ࠋࠥࠧࠩࠌ࠘ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠛࠕࠤࠕࠥ࠴ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠕࠤࠁࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠣࠏࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠤࠒ࠰ࠔࠨࡂ
ࠛߺࠤࠛߺ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠀߺ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠏ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠛࠀ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠕࠤࠁࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠣࠓ࠴
ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠓࠥ࠲߾࠰ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠏࠪ ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ࠵ࠣࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ߺࠤ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ࠘ࠤ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠓࠥࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
52
ࠖࠄ࠰ࠏࠊ࠰ࠩࠖࠕࠥ࠴ࡥࠏࠦ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠓࠧࠧࠎ࠰ࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠖ࠴ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠵ࠔ࠰ࠩࠏࠊߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠎ࠰ࡺࠒࠧࠥ
ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛߺࡣ࠳ࠓ࠰ࠊ࠵߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠥࠓ࠰࠘࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ
ࠩߺ࠱ࠖߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠛ࠵࠴ࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ࠵߾࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠔࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠋࠤ ࠕ࠭ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡄ ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘࠭ࠧ࠲ࠏࠫ࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠤࠏࠣ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠤ࠵ࠔ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠓࡈ (TWU) ߺ
ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠀ࠭ࠧࠩࠓ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠻࠵ ࠛࠎߺ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠕ࠭ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠕࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠞࠏࠓࠤ ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠶࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠌࡅ࠲ࠓࠕࠦࡄ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠀ࠭ࠧࠏࠣ࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠩ࠲ࠓ
ࠩࠏࡅࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰߿ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ ࠩ࠲ࠓ߿ࠤࠕ߾࠰ࠆࠤࠎࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠔࠩࠎࡺࠛࠋࠥ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠖࡰࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰࠭ࠩࠎࠕࠀࠪ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠩ࠲ࠓ߿ࠤࠕ߾࠰ ࠆࠤࠎߺ ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠞࠦ߾࠰ࠩࠕࡰ࠘ࠄ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩࠐࡅ࠲ࠏࠩࠎࠀࠪ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
53
aemufqufwGJ (7)
taxGaxGt}uHjyKcsuf 19?
t&yfom;usL;vGefaom vdifydkif;qdkif&mt-urf;r+jzpf&yfrsm;
WLB ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠵߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ࠀࠎ࠰ࡹߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭࠲߾࠰ࡀ
(࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ - ࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠠࡥࠏࠦࠖ) - ࠛߺ࠱ࠞ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠹࠹
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠨ ࠞࠦࠩࠕࡀ ࠺࠸
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘
ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ (࠶࠽
࠶࠽
ࡵ࠴߿ࠩ
࠰ ࠛࠤߺ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤ)
ࠓ࠘ࠎ࠰߿ࠓ
࠳ ࠰ /߿ࠥࠊߺ
࠰ ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠓࠩߺࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠺
ࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺࡀ࠰ ࠺
ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠛࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠸࠺
࠸࠵
࠷࠺ ࠷࠾
࠷࠵
࠶࠺
࠶࠵
࠶࠵
࠺
࠺
࠵
࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠷࠵࠶࠻
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦࠛࠖࠧࠥߺ࠰ࠛࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠶࠶࠶ ߿߿࠰ߺࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
࠸ ࠶࠵ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
࠸ ࠊࠎ࠘ࡊࠤࠕࠦࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
ࠕࠧࠥ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
࠸ ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ࠕࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
࠻ ࠾ ࠠࠕࠤࠗࠊࠦࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
࠼ ࠓࡵࡗࠩࠖࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
54
aemufqufwGJ (8)
taxGaxGt-uHjyKcsuf 19?
t&yfom;usL;vGefaom vdifydkif;qdkif&m t-urf;zufr+jzpf&yfrsm;
WLB ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠵߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࠀࠎ࠰ࡹ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭࠲߾࠰
(࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ - ࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠠࡥࠏࠦࠖ) ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠛ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ/ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ
࠲߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠛࠕ
ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠩࠎࡹ߿࠳ࠪ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠩࠎࠕࠤ ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠛ߿ࠤ ࠱ࠥࠊ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠓ
ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰࠲߾࠰
߿ࠞ࠰ ࠞࠦࠩࠕ ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰
ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠏ࠭ࠧ߿࠭࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩࠏࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰࠲߾࠰
࠷ ࠶ ࠷ ࠩࠓ ࠶࠹ ࠸࠷ ࠕࠓ࠰ࡥࠑࠪࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠓ࠴ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠩࠀࠤߺ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ ߿ߺࠤࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠩࠖࠞࠦ ࠛࠐࠓ࠰࠭ࠕ RWU
ࠊ߿࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠐࠬ ࠩࠕࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠨࠩࠖࠞࠦߺ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠹ ࠞࠦࠛࠎߺ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕࠧࠧࠥ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰
ࠩࠖࠞࠦ ࠛࠀ࠭ࠧ ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰
ࡵࠧ࠵
ࠥࠧ ߾࠰ࠒࠤࠖ ࠾ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡹ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠐࠬ
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠩࠖࠞࠦ ߿ࠖ࠭ࠧ
ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓࠏࠧࠌ࠰ࠓ ࠸࠼࠻ ࠛࠕ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰
ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠼ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸ ࠷ ࠶ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠷ ࠞࠦ ࠩࠀ࠳ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠓࠕࠥ࠴ ࠄࠦࠛ߿࠰ࠓ ࠷ ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠛࠀ߾࠰ NLD BWU
ࠠࠕࠤ࠵ࠊࠦࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠎࠦ࠱߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠎࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ ࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠷ ࠞࠦࡄ ࠛࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓ ࠭ࠪࠕ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩ࠲ࠐࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠄࠦࠛ߿࠰ࠓ ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠛࠕ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ
ࠓࠩߺࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠋࠥࠧࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠛࠏ࠱ߺ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
55
56
ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ࠧࠒ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰
ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ࠰ࠛࠎࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰ࠀࠦߺࠤ
࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰࠱ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠹ ࠶ ࠹ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࠶࠶ ߺࠖࠥࠎ࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰࠳ࠪ ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠥ࠘ࠨ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠖ ࠹ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡹ ࠄࠩࠎ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ߺࠖࠥࠎ࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠕࠪࠊࠏ࠰ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠴ WCRP
ࠩࠕ࠲ࠐࠬࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠊࠎࡊ࠘ࠤࠕࠦ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ ߿࠭ࠧ߿ࠓ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ࠭ߺࠥࠧ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠓࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠪࠩࠏࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹ ࠕ࠴ࠤࠓࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠪࠩࠏࡀ
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ߺࠩࠖࡄ ࠛࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ
ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠊ߿࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰
ࠖ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠛࠥࠊ࠰ ࠋࠦ ࠐࠥࠎࠏ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡺࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠊࠨ
ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛߺ࠱ࡲࠀࠧࠊ࠰ࡥࠐࠪ࠭
ࠋࠤࠕࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠣ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠊ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠋࠧࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠺ ࠶ ࠶ ࡤ࠘ࠧࠧࠊ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࠶࠶ ࠩࠛ࠘ࠤࠔࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓࠀࠕࠤࠓࡄ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰࠶࠶ ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ߺࠩࠖࡄ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ߺ ࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰ KNWO
ࠌࠦࠩࠓࠤࠀࠥࠧ ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦ/ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰ ߺࠩࠖࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠀࠕࠤࠓ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠄࠩࠎ߾࠰ ߿ࠏࠣࠔ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠔ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࡄ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ࠐ
ࠛࠊࠎ࠰ ࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠎ߿ࠞ࠰ ࠀࠕࠤࠓࡄ ࠕࠥ࠴ࠕࠤ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰߿ࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠏࠧࠧࠎ࠰ࠩࠎࠪ
߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨࡄ ࠛࠍࠓࡢ ࠲ࠏࠫߺ࠱߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ߿ࠎ࠰
࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠄࠩࠎࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠀࠕࠤࠓߺ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊࠕࠤ࠭࠘࠳ࠤࠕ࠴ࠤ ࠳߾࠰ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠏࡀ
ߺࠩࠖࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧ ߿ࠤࡤߺࠄ࠰ ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ
ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰
ࠀࠕࠤࠓࡄ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠋࠥࠧ
ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠴ࠖ࠳ࠪࡂ ࠊ࠲ࠤߺࠩࠖ
ࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠎ࠰ࡹ࠘࠳ࠤ࠵ࠔ࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺࠩࠖࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠋࠥࠧࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠎ࠰ࠋࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩࡅ
࠘࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ߺࠩࠖࠓࡄ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠛࡊࠣ
ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠘ࠨࡄ ࠖߺ࠰ࠩ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠋࠥࠧࠋࠄ࠰ߺࠤ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧ
ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠻ ࠶ ࠶ ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ ࠶࠽ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠕࡰ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠤࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࡵ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠨࠓࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ࠏࠋࠓࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠌ BWU
ࠊࠥࠧࠒࠤࠖ ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ ࠕࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠎ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠊࠨࠩࠎ ࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ ࠘࠭࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕ࠭ࠧ
࠶࠹ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕ࠭ࠧߺ
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࡄ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠭ ߿ߺࠤ
࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠱ࠕࠎ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ ࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤߺ
࠘ࠨࠩࠏ࠱ࠤߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠩ߾࠳
ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰߾ࠣ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰ࠩࠏ ࠖࠥࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺ
ࠩࠖߺ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࡤߺߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰࠭ࠕࠎ࠰
࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠒࠔ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠨࡄ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰
ߺࠥࠧ ࠔࠨࠩ߿ࠖࠥࠧࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠔࠧࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕࡰ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠤࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰
ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠩࠎࠕࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠼ ࠶ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠷࠶ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠼ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠏࠣࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠓࠖࠊ࠳߾࠰ SWAN SWAN
ࠩࠛ࠘ࠤࠔࠤ ߺࠊࠥࠩࠏߺࠤ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧ
ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠀ࠭࠭ࠕ࠲߾࠰ࡀ ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠒࠤࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ࠒࠤߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠓࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠓ࠙ࠧࠧࠊ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ
ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠀࡵ࡛ࠕࠥ࠴
ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ߺࠥࠧࠖࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠓ࠘ࠥࠩ࠘ࠩࠏࡀ
࠽ ࠶ ࠻ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠼ ࠩࠕࡰ࠲ࠐࠬࠠࠄ࠰ࠕࠥࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠕࡥࠏࠦ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠓࠌࠥࠧࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠏࠋࠓࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ SWAN
࠶࠹ ࠓࠋ࡙ࠥࠖࠤ ࠓࡵࡗࠩࠖ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠏࠣࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ߺࠊࠥ ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠊࠨ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦࡀ ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠸ ࠖࡤߺࠤ ࠩࠎࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠊࠨࠩࠎࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤ࠲߾࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕ࠭ࠧߺ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡺ
ࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨࠄࠦ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠛࠩࠎ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ࡂ ࠓࠕࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠓࠏࠣࠏࠪ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧࠩࠀࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ߺࠩࠖ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠰࠲ࠓ
ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠩ߿ࠪ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠤ߿ࠄ࠰ ࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ
࠷ ࠖࡤߺࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠏࠣࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠖࡰࠊ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ ࠛࠓࠊ࠰
ߺࠊࠥࠩࠏߺࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ࠓࡵࡗࠩࠖࠕࠥ࠴ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠕࠤ
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࠒࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤࠓ࠴ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࡦߺࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠱ࠥࠊ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠖࠤࠏࠪ ࠘ࠨࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ߺ࠱ࡥࠏࠦ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠓࠖ࠷࠶ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ ࠓࡵࡗࠩࠖࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ
ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠊࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠐࠧࠎ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠓࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࡤߺ
ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤࠩࡤߺࠩ߾࠳ ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ࠩ߾࠳ ࠻ ࠘ࠎ࠰࠳ࠪ࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ ࠹࠵ ࠩࠏࠏࠣࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩߺ࠱ࠩࠛࠩ߿ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ
ߺࠊࠥࠩࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠊࠣࠓ࠴ ߺࠊࠥࠓ ࠘ࠤࡄ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ߺࡇࠓ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠧߺ
ࠊࠄ࠰ࠪࠩࠏࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
57
58
࠘ࠨࠓ ࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠓࠩࠎ ࠖߺ࠰࠭ ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠋࠥࠧࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠨࠀࠔ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠊࠕࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰߿࠳ࠪࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ
ࠌࠦࠩ߾࠳ߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠧࠧࠥࠛࠏ࠰ ࠲߾࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ࠖߺ࠰࠭ࠪࠕ࠲߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
(ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠪ ࠻ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓ
ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛߺ࠰ࠛࠪࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰)
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
࠾ ࠶ ࠶ ࠌࠦࠁ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠶ ࠏࡵࠪࠩࠊࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠵ࠓ࠰ߺ࠳ࠪࠄࠦࠛ߿࠰ࠓ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠵ࠓ࠰ߺ࠳ࠪࠄࠦࠛ߿࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰࠘ࠨࡄ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ TWU
ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ ࠶࠵ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨ
࠶࠹ ࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࡄ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨࡄ ࠛࠍࠓࡢ࠲ࠏࠫߺ࠱߾࠰࠲߾࠰
ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲߾࠰
ࠊࠎ࠘ࡊࠤࠕࠦ ࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ ࠸ ࡵ࠴߿࠰
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
ߺ࠱࠭ࠩ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠹ ࠶ ࠼ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠶࠺ ࠺࠷ ࠶࠺ ࠛࠧࠎ࠰ࠊࠏ߾࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ߺࠕࠤࠩࠊ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠷ ࠞࠦࠛࠤ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ RWU
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠶࠸ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ ࠕࠧࠧࠥ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠀࠕࠤ/ࠊࠕࠏ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡹࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠤ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠓࠖࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ
ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠍࠣࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࡂ ߺ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰
ࠩࠎࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ RWU ߺ ࠋࠥࠧ࠲ࠏ߿࠰
ࠌࠉ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠎࠄ࠰ࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠔࠨ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ
ࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ߿ࠦ߿ࠞ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠺ ࠶ ࠸ ࠩࠓ ࠶࠺ ࠷࠷ ࠊࠦࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠣࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠛ࠘࠳ࠤ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ SWAN
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ ࠍࠣ࠲ࠏ ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠍࠣ࠲ࠏࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠓ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࡺ߿߿࠰ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠼࠺࠽ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ
ࡥࠏࠦࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠕࠓ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࡺ߿߿࠰
ࠊࠧࠧࠎ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ ࠕ࠴ߺ࠰ࠕ࠳࠭ࡺ࠘࠳ࠤࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ ࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠋࠪࠕࠥ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠺࠸
ࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠋࠥࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠞࠦ߿ࠖ࠭ࠧ ߺࠥࠧ
ߺ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ ࠩࡅࠔࠨࠩࠓ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
࠘ࠔ࠰ࠖࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠖߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠤࠓࠩࠊ࠳ࠪࠩࠏࡀ
ࠓࠄ࠰࠵ࠣ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ࠲ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠋࠥ
ࠩࡤߺࠤߺ࠰ࠕ࠳࠭ࡺࠊࠧࠧࠎ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
59
ࡄ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ߺ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠔࠧ
60
ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴
ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏ࠘࠳ࠤ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠕࠪࡺࠐࠓ࠰࠵ࠕࠎ࠰
ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠛࠣ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰
ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠐࠓ࠰࠭ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ TWU
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠏࠣ
ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ
ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧߺ ࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠰ ࠩࠓࠖࠊ࠳߾࠰
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠐࠎ࠰ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪ ࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠔࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠀߺ࠰
ࠖߺ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠀࠪ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠼ ࠹ ࠶ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠸࠶ ࠷࠷ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠶࠺ ߿ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤߺ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߿ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤߺ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ RWU
࠶࠾ ࠶࠼ ࠒࠧࠕ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࡺࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰߿ࠧࠧࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠏ࠰ࠧࠥ߾࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠐࠬࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ
ࠩ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠞࠦ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰߿ ࠩ߿࠭ࠕ࠲߾࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ RWU ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠵߾࠰
ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠣ ࠸ ࠖ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕࠓࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠘࠳ࠤ
࠙ࠧ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࡤߺࠏ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠋࠧࠥࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ߺࠔ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫ߿࠳ࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ߿ࠦ߿ࠞ࠰ࠩࠏࠪ
ࠩߺ࠱ࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠐࠬࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ߺࠤࠕࠤࠛࠥࠧࠩߺ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠐ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠐࠓࠓ࠱ࠤࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠏ
ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘࠭ࠧࠖ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠣࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠖࠄ࠰ ߿ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤߺ࠰ ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰
࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡹࡄ ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠋࠤࡥࠏࠦ
ࠖࠖࠄ࠰ࠓࠩࠏࠏࠣࡀ
࠶࠽ ࠷ ࠶ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠓࡊࠖࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ߺࠩࠖࡄ ࠏࠩࠋ࠳࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺࠩࠖࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠁࠎࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠕ࠳ࠤ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ࠛࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ WRWAB
࠶࠷ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ߺࠩࠖࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠏࠩࠋ࠳ ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ ࠩࠏࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠩࠏࡀ ࠏࠩࠋ࠳࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠘ࠨ ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰
࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠣࠊࠕ࠭ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠁࠎࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠓࠓ࠴ ࠓࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠪࠩࠏࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ
࠘ࠨࠓࠓࠥ߾࠰ ࠍࠣࠞࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠋࠥࠧ࠲߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࡤߺࠓ࠰࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠩࠣ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠧ࠲߾࠰ ߿࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠓ࠭ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ
ࡵ࠴ࠥࠏ࠰߿ߺ࠰ࠩࠖ ࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ߺࠔ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ ࠕࠎ࠰ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ
ࠛࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠣࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿࠳ࠎ࠰ࡺ࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ࠕࠤࠕࠪ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠾ ࠶ ࠶ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠷࠷ ࠱࠭ࠫࠖࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠎࠤࠓࡤߺࠤ࠘ࠨࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧࠛ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ WCRP
ࠩࠕࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠭ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰
ࠔࠧࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ ࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
࠶࠻ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡤߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱ ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ
߾࠰࠭ࠪࠐࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠪ࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠏࡀ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠊࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰
࠘ࠨࠓࠛ߿࠰ߺࠥࠧࡄ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠵ ࠶ ࠶ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠹࠺ ࠛ߾࠰߿ࠥࠎ࠰ ࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ WRWAB ࡵ࠴߾࠰ WRWAB
ࠕࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺ ࠘ࠨࡄ ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠣࠊࠕ࠭ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓ Leagal Aid Network ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ
ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡥ߾ࠦࠓ࠭ ࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠘
࠰ ࠄ࠰ࠛ
ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠘ࠦࠖࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ
࠵ࠊ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠘ࠦࠖࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠧࠧࠏ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠒ࠵ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠐࠧࠎ࠰ࠩࡅࡂ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰
ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠎࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠖࠥࠧ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠐࠧࠧࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠎࠀࠪ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡺࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠦࠖࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠴
ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࡂ ࠊ࠲ࠤࠩࠎࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰
ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠷ ࠶ ࠻ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠶࠼ ࠩࠒࠤࠌࠥࠧࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠞࠦࠩࠖ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠞࠦࠩࠖ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨࡄ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ߿ࠦࠓ࠭ࠛࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠘ࠨࠋ࠭ ࠛࠓ WCRP
ࠓࠧࠧࠌ࠭ࠧࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓ ࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ ࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺ
ࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠐࠥࠛࠤࠩࠏ ࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠩ߾࠳ ࠶࠸ ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰
࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓࠥࠎ࠰ࡹ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ ࠶࠸
࠘ࠥࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠪ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ
61
ࠩߺ࠱ࠩࠛࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
62
࠷࠸ ࠶ ࠹ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠶࠷ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠩ࠲ࠏࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠩࠀ࠳ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠊࠤ࠰ ࠩࠀ࠳ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠊࠤ࠰߿ࠏ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠕࠪࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠊࠧࠥ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ KNWO
ࠌࠦࠩࠓࠤࠀࠧࠥࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߿ࠏ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠶࠷ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪ࠘
ࠪ ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧߺ
ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦ/ ࠊ߿࠰ࠟ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࡺࠐ߾࠰ ࠘ࠥ࠘࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠏࠓ࠰࠲߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰
ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠣ ࠹ ࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠤࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠓࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ ࠙ࠧࠀ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧߺ
ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩ߾࠳ࠊ߿࠰ࠕࠤࠩࠏࡥࠏࠦ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠺
ࠊࠐߺ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴࠰߿
ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠴ ࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ ߿ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠒࠤࠖ ࠷࠺ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠹ ࠶ ࠶ ࡤ࠘ࠧࠊ࠰ࠖ ࠷࠶ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠋߺ࠰࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࠍࠓࡢ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠋࠪࠕࠥ࠴ RWU
࠶࠺ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠊࠧ ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠥ࠴ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺ RWU ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡹࠪ
ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࡵ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠨࡺࠁࠎࠦࡀ ߿߿࠰ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠐࡅࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠩ߿ࠓࡀ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ RWU ߺ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ߺࠔ࠰
ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠊ߾࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠖ࠭ࠧࠖ࠭ࠧࡥ࠭ࠫࡥ࠭ࠫ
ࠖ߿ࠤ ࠓࠕࠏࠣࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠖ߾࠰ࠓࠔࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ߿ࠦ߿ࠞ࠰ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠘ࠨࠓ ࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠋߺ࠰
ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠺ ࠶ ࠷࠹ ࡤ࠘ࠧࠊ࠰ࠖ ࠶࠾ ࠓࠔ࠰ࠐࠧ࠭ࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ߾ࠔ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࡄࠓࠥࠒ LWO
࠶࠺ ࠊࠤ࠱ࠦࠖࠥࠊ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰ ࠘ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡹࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓࠄ࠰
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ߿࠳ࠎ࠰ࡺ࠳ࠤ࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲߾࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨࠓࠓ࠴ ࠓࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠪࠩࠏࡀ
࠷࠻ ࠶ ࠶ ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ ࠷࠸ ࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࠖ࠭ࠧࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ ࠷ࠖࠕࠥ࠴ࡥࠏࠦ࠙ࠧ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ TWU ߺࠥࠧ TWU
ࠒࠤ ࠶࠺ ࠋࠤ࠵ࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠪ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ TWU ࠘ࠄ࠰
ࠊࠎ࠘ࡊࠤࠕࠦࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ࡀ ࡃ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠩࠎ ࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ
ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠤࠕ߿࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠖࡰࠪࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏ ࠪ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠘ࠓࡢࠎ࠰߿ࠤ
ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠨߺ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠩࡅࡂ ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠀ߾࠰ࠩࡅࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠋࠥࠧࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊ߿࠰ࠖࠛࡤߺࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠤࠪࠕ߿࠰
࠲ࠏࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠔࠧࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ
࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ ࠺ ࠖࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠼ ࠶ ࠼ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠺࠵ ߺࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠊࠓࠨࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠊ࠲ࠤࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠊ࠲ࠤࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠹ ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ ࠊࠓࠨࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠞࠦࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ KWHRO
࠶࠺ ߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠤࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠎ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࠋࠤࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ ࠀߺ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠕࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠨ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡀ ࠖߺ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩࠖࠞࠦ ࠛ࠘ࠊ࠰࠭ࠪࠕ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠽ ࠷ ࠶࠷ ࠷࠻ ࠓࠎ࠰ࠖࠦ ࠊࠓࠨࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠓࡵ࠴࠭ࡹ࠘ࠨ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠓࡵ࠴࠭ࡹ࠘ࠨ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡵࡗࠦࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ KWHRO
ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤࠖ ߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠛ߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠨࡄ ࠓࠥ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠖࠨ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠓ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦࠛࠓ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠕ߾࠰
࠶࠺ ࠄࠦࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎ ࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠄࠦࠓ࠲ࠐࠐ࠰࠘ࠨ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠘࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ
࠘ࠨࡺࠛ߿࠰ߺࠥࠧࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰
ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠓࠥࠪࡥࠏࠦ
ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠕࠪࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡹ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡹࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠾ ࠶ ࠷࠽ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠽ XXX ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛࠋߺ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰࠲ࠏ ࠛࠋߺ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠐߺ࠰ߺ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ KBC, KWAT
࠶࠺ ࠛࠋߺ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠓࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠓߺࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠛࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ߿࠳ࠪࠕࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘࠭
ࠏࠨࠊࠤࠛࠥࠧࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ Male high ࠘ࠨࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠶࠽ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ࠩ߾࠳ ࠹࠺ ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࡂ ࠄࠥ࠴ࡵࠥ߾࠰ ࠖࠨࠋࠧࠛࠩ࠲࠲ࠏࠫ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ school teacher ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺ ࠋࠥࠧߺࠓ࠰ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰
ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠍࠥࠏࠊࠥ ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠭ࠪࠩࠏࡀ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࠆࠤࠎࠛࠕࠤࠕࠥ࠴ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰ ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓ ࠏࠧࠧࠌ࠰ࠓ ࠸࠼࠻ ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠕࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠋߺ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰࠲ࠏ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ KBC ߺ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ
ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠞࠦࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ KWAT
ࡥࠏࠦ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓߺ࠱ ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ United Right Group Humanity
ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰࠭ࠪ ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ Institutue Sha-it Social
Development Foundation
Shingnip Kachin Legal Aid
Network ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠊࠨ
ࠊߺ࠳ ࠵ࠥࠧ߾࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ߺࠨࠄࠦ ࠩࠏࠩࠎࡤߺ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠓࠊ࠰ࠖࠛࠋࠥ
ࡤߺࠤࠎࠤࠏ࠳ࠪ ࠸ࠧ ࠲ࠏࠫࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠩࠎࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠶ ࠶ ࠷࠵࠵࠾ ࠓ࠴ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠩࠌࡅࠩࠖࠤ࠰ࠨ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ ࠷࠵࠵࠾ ࠧࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠋࠥ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ KNWO
࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ߿
࠴ ࠰ ࠐࠕࠨࠀࠥࠧࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦ/ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠀߺ࠰
ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠨࡦߺࠦࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ
63
64
࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡺࠪ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠨࡦߺࠦߺ ࠊࠐߺ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࡄ
ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠨࠕࠤ࠳ ࠘ࠤࠛࠤࠖ࠭ࠧ ࠓ࠴ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠏ࠭ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠏࠪ
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ࠊࠤ ࠘ࠥࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠕ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ࠕࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠎ࠰ࠩࠎࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ
ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠤࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤߺ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰
ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠔࠤࠔࠦࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ ߿ࠤ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰
࠘ࠤ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠋࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ
࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠊࠨ ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰
ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠏࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠊࠨࠊࠨ ࠓࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠖࠥࠧࠏࠣߺ ߺ࠳ࠤࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺ
ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ ࠀࠥࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠖࠄ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠥࠧࠫ࠘ࠤߺ ࠖߺ࠰ ࠭࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠏࡀ
࠸࠷ ࠷ ࠶ ࠌࠦࠁ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠸ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡤߺࠤࠩ࠘ࠊࠥࠧࠒࠥࠧ ࠏࠩࠋ࠳ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠓࠥ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠤ࠙ࠨ LWO
࠶࠺ ࠶࠺ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࡺ߿߿࠰ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰
ࠊࠤ࠱ࠦࠖࠥࠊ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ߾࠰ࠏࠎ ࠳ ࠰ (ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ ߺࠩࠖࡄ ࠏࠩࠋ࠳) ࠏࠥࠧࡺࠪ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࡺ ߿߿࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߺ ࠛࡦߺࠦࠀ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠛࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦߺࠤ ࠊࠤ࠱ࠦࠖࠥࠊ࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠋࠤࠪ
ࠛࠎࠄ࠰߾ࠔ࠰ࡤߺࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠣࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰
ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ ࠕ࠴߾࠰࠘ࠎ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠊࠤ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ߺ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ
࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡺࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ࠘ࠊ࠰ߺࠤ ࠌࠧࠊࠥࠔ ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ
ࠏࠩࠋ࠳࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠶࠸ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠔࠨ࠘࠳ࠤࠓࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺ
ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠌࠧࠊࠥࠔ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤߺ࠰ࠕ࠳࠭ࡺ ࠩࠎࠀࠪ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠲ࠏࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠀߺ࠰
ࠖߺ࠰ ࠩࠕ߾࠭ࠧࡵࠊ࠰ࠏࠥࠊ࠰ࠩࠎࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠕࠥ࠴
ࠩࠊࠤ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠏ࠰ࠓ࠭
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠩࠊࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ
࠘ࠨࡺ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠔࠨࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧࠏࠣ
ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠸ ࠶ ࠶ ࠌࠦࠁ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠘ࠁ߾࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠏ࠳ࠪ࠘࠳ࠤࠊࠧࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿ߺࠤ WRWAB
࠶࠺ ߺࠩࠖࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰࠱߾࠰ߺ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰࠱߾࠰ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨߺ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕࠪ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠓ࠙ࠧࠧࠊ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰
ࠩࠕ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤ࠲߾࠰
ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠪࠏࠣࡀ
࠸࠹ ࠶ ࠶ ࠌࠦࠁ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠱ࠓ࠰࠲ࠓ࠘ࠤ߿ࠄ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤߺࠥࠧ WRWAB
࠶࠺ ߺࠩࠖࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠪ
ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠞࠦࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠩࠖ࠴࠱ࠤߺ࠰
߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ߺࠥࠧ ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠋࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪ࠘ࠪ ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ
ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠀࡵ࡛ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠏࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠛ࠲ࠏࠤ ࠍࠣࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠩࠖࠕ࠴ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏ
ࠏࠧࡈࠥࠫࠖ࠰ࠩࠕࠍࠣࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠐ߿࠰ࠒ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐࠎ࠰ࡺࠩ࠵ࡂ ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠓࠀߺ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰
߿ࠤࠓ࠱ߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤߺ ࠲ࠐࠎ࠰ࡺࠩ࠵ ߺࠖࠪ߿ࠤ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠋࠤࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠩ࠱࠲߾࠰
ࠛࠕ࠴ߺ࠰ࠕࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠥࠧ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠀߺ࠰
ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ
ࠍࠣࠊ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠧࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠐ߿࠰ࠒ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠊ߾࠰ࠕ߾࠰
ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ ࠩࡵ࠴ࠤ߾࠰ࠔ࠴ߺ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠺ ࠶ ࠷࠵࠶࠶ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠸࠸ ࠱ࠓ࠰࠲ࠓ࠘ࠤ߿ࠄ࠰ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ࡄ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ࡄ ࠊࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࡄ ࠁࠎࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ WRWAB
࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ߺࠩࠖࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠊࠨ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࠕࠎ࠰
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠱߾࠰߾࠰࠲ࠓࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ ࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠩࠎ߾࠴ࠤࠕࠓ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭
ࠓࠥ࠘࠳ࠤ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࡺࠁࠎࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠳ࠤࠕ࠴߾࠰ ࠕ࠘ࠨࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠩࠎ߾࠴ࠤࠧࠧ࠭ࠕࠎ࠰
ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺ ࠓࠊߺ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠏࡀ ࠛࠓ
ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰
࠘ࠨࡺߺࠩࠖࠓ࠙ࠧࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ࠩ߾࠳ ߾ࠣࠩ࠘ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠔࠧࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰
࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺ
ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠥࠧ࠱߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡺࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰
ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࡄ ࠁࠎࠦߺ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩࠕߺࠥࠧ
ࠋࠥࠧࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࡺ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠎࠦߺࠏ࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫ߿ࠤ
ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
65
66
࠸࠻ ࠶ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠷࠶ ࠩ߿࠱ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠓࠥࠧ࠙ࠎ࠰ࠓ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰࠱߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࡂ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠌࠦࠁ߾࠰ࠒࠤࠖ ࠷࠾ ࠕߺ࠰ SWAN
ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠵ࠓ࠰ߺࠎ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡤߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠐࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠀ࠳ࠪࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭࠲߾࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠦ߿ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ
ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ ࠺ ࠖࠕࠥ࠴ ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࡺࠛࠤ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠘ࠨࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩࠎࠀࠪ
ࠓ࠙ࠧࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ߺࠩࠖࠩࠓ࠳ࠐ࠳ࠤ
ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࠏࡅࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠪࡥ ࠏࠦ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨࠕࠎ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠭ࠪࠩࠏࡀ
࠸࠼ ࠶ ࠶ ࠁࠎ࠰ ࠶࠻ ࠸࠷ ࠩࠄࠤ߾࠰ࠏ߾࠰࠘ࠤ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ߺࠩࠖ࠘࠭ࠧࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠩࠓ ࠓࠧࠧࠀࠥࠧࠓ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛ࠵ࠎ࠰ߺ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡺ WRWAB
ߺࠩࠖࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠤ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠵࠵ࠖ߾࠰ࠖ߾࠰ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠩߺ࠳࠱ࠩࠓ࠳ࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠎࠤࠕࠦ ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠛࡤߺࠏ࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠛࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠣ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰
ࠊࠕ࠭ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠄࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱
ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠊߺ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠕࠏ࠰ ࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰
ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠎ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ
࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠐࠓ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࡂ ࠛࠍࠓࡢ ࠲ࠏࠫߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰
ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠩࠏࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ
ࠕࠪߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠣߺ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ
ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠣࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺ
࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠐ࠱ߺ࠰࠱ࡂ ࠓࠕࠪࠩࠏࡀ
ࠋࠥࠧࡺࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤߺ
࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠛ߿ࠤࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰
ࠓ࠘ࠥࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠀ ࠷ ࠖ࠭ࠧ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠊࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠎࠦࠎࠤ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠘ࠥ࠘࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰
ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠩࠏࠪࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠽ ࠶ ࠶ ࠁࠎ࠰ ࠶࠻ ࠷࠻ ࠎࠎ࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠏࠩࠋ࠳ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࡄ ࠏࠩࠋ࠳࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠪࡥࠏࠦ KWHRO
ࠊࠓࠨࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠪ ࠘ࠨࠓࠕࠄ࠰߿ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
߿߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠓࠦࠏࠣ ࠋࠥࠧࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ࠲ࠏࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠴ߺ࠰ࠕ࠳࠭ࡺ
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰
ߺࠩࠖࠩࠓ࠳ࠐ࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠾ ࠶ ࠷࠶ ࠁࠎ࠰ ࠶࠻ ࠷࠹ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠐࠧࠥ߾࠰࠙ࠎ࠰ࠎࠤ ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠄ࠙ࠧࠧ ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ ࠄࠩࠎ ࠻ ࠎ࠰ࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠊ߿࠭ࠧࠊࠕࠤ ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨ SWAN
ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠖࠧࠓ࠰ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ߺࠖࠥ ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ߿ߺࠤࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࡵࠧࠧࠥ߾࠰ ࠛ ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࡀ
ߺ࠳ࠎ࠰࠙ࠥ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠹࠵ ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠋࠤ࠰ࠖࠤ࠱ࠦࠩࠏࡅࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠷
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ
࠹࠵ ࠶ ࠶࠺ ࠩࠐࠩࠐࡅ࠵ࠣࠕࠦ ࠼ ߺࠓ࠰ࠀࠥࠏ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠧࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠛࡥࠓࠪ࠵߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ RWU ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࠛࠤ RWU
࠶࠻ ࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠩࠊࠤࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠧࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ࠘ࠨ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠊ࠲ࠤ ࠛࠓ ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰
ࠓࠥࠊ࠰ࠩࠀ࠳ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠤࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ ࠩࠎࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠊࠨ
ࠩࠎࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ߺࠩࠖ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠋࠪࠕࠥ࠴ ࠊ࠲ࠤ ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠛࠊࠨ ࠕࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺ ߺࠩࠖࠛࠤ ࠘ࠨࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠛࠊࠨ ࠓࡊࠖࠤࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠰ࠛࠎࠤ
࠘࠳ࠤࡂ ࠓࠧࠧࠎ࠰ࡺ߿ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠄ ࠽࠸࠵
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡺࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠩࠖࡄ
ࠛࡊࠣࠓ࠴ ࠩ࠘࠳ࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠄ
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠏ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠕࠥ࠴ RWU ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠵߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ߺ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠩࠀࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ
ࠩࡅ࠘࠳ࠤࡂ ࠩࠀ߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠓ ࠭ࠔࠨࠩ߿
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰
ࠩࠊࠤࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࠀߺࠧࠧ࠘ࠓ
࠭ࠔࠨࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩࡅࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺࠩࠖࡄ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕࠀࠥࠧࠖࠤ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰
߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ
ࠀߺ࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡺࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠹࠶ ࠶ ࠷࠷ ࠓࠊ࠰ ࠶࠻ ࠹ ࠩࠣࠁࠤࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠐߺ࠰ ࠶࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠄࠩࠎ߾࠰ࠊࠧࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠓࠊ࠰ࠖ ࠷࠸ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺ WCRP
ࠩࠕࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠖࠨ߾ࠔ࠰ࠊࠞࠦߺ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߺࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ߿ࠤࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠎ࠭ࠎߺ࠰ ࠸ ࠎࠤࠕࠦࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖࡄ
ࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠄ ࠼ ࠎࠤࠕࠦࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠧࠥࠖࠨ߾ࠔ࠰ߺ ߺࠩࠖ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠤߺ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ࠛࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠩࠖࡄ ࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕࠪߺ
ࠛࡊࠣ߿ࠏ࠰ ࡵࠊ࠰ࠓ࠰ ߿ࠧࠧࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠪ࠘࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓࠏࠧࠌ࠰ࠓ ࠸࠼࠻ (ࠊ) ࠼/
ࠛࡊࠣࠓ࠴ ࠩ࠘࠳ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠶࠵࠶࠻ ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
67
68
࠹࠷ ࠶ ࠷࠹ ࠓࠊ࠰ ࠶࠻ ࠸࠹ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀࠀ࠳ࠪࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ RWU ࠓ࠴ ߺࠔ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠪࡥࠏࠦ
ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠀࠀ࠳ࠪࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ ࠘ࠊࠥࠩࠓ࠘࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠏࠥࠧࡺࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ RWU
߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠛࠋࠥ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠋࠎ࠰ࠋࠎ࠰ ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ߺ࠰ࠪ ࠛࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠓࡀ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠛࠤ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠘ࠊࠥࠩࠓࠩࠎ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࠕࠎ࠰ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠛࡊࠣࠛࠤ ࠍࠣ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠖ࠴ࠦ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠹࠸ ࠶ ࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠽ ࠩࠛ࠘ࠤࠔࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠶࠷ ࠓࠕ࠴߾࠰࠙ࠧ ࠛࠓࠄ࠰ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠕࠪ ࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ SWAN
ࠛࠩ߿ࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠊ߿࠰ࠖ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠊ࠲ࠤ ࠓ࠴ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠩࠎࡺࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩࡅ࠘࠳ࠤࠪ ࠊࠏࠊ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎࠕࡥࠏࠦ ࠔࠧࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰
ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ
ࠩࠎࡺ߿ࠞ࠰ ࠓࠩߺࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨ ࠶࠷ ࠶࠷ ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ߿ࠥࠊ࠰ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠩࠕ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩ߾࠳ࠩࡤߺࠓࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰
ࠩࠎࡺࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠓࠩߺࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡺࡄ ࠘ࠤࠏࠣ ࠏࠣࠩࠎ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ߺࠩࠖ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠩࠖࡄ ࠛ߿࠰ߺࠥࠧߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࠀࠥࠧ࠲߾࠰ ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠩࠊࠤࠩࠏࡀ
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠘ࠤࠓߺ࠰ߺ
ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠖࠄ࠰ ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠔࠧࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖࡄ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࡵ࡛ࠤ
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠐࠧࠊࠧࠧ ࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡺ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠩࠀߺࠧࠧ࠘ ࠓ࠭ࠔࠨࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠀ߾࠰ࠕࠪࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠷
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ
࠰ ࠕ
࠭ ࠘ࠨ ࠞࠦࠩࠕ ࠷
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘
ࠓ
ࠨ ࠱ࠤࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ (࠶࠽ ࡵ࠴߿ࠩ
࠰ ࠛࠤߺ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤ) ࠷
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠷
ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠖߺ࠰࠭ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠷
ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿࠳ࠪ࠱ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠷
ࠊࠏ࠰ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰
ࠛ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠓࠨࠕ߾࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ
࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠩࠎࡺ߿࠳ࠪ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ߿ࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰ ࠞࠏࠩࠌࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠕ ࠛࠩࠕࠔࠨࠓ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭࠘ࠨ
ࠛ࠱ߺ࠰ࠛࠖߺ࠰
߿ࠞ࠰ ࠞࠦࠩࠕ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰
࠶ ࠶ ࠷࠷ ࠽ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ ࠌࠧࠊࠏ࠰ࡤߺࠏ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬߺ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ RWU
߿ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ ࠕࠧࠧࠥ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ࡄ ࠛࠍࠓࡢߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠩࡅࡥࠏࠦ ߺࠎࠞࠦࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿߿࠰߿ࠄ࠰ߺࠓ࠰ ࠱ࠫࠥࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰ࠓ
ࠒࠤ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ࡀ ࠸࠺࠹ࡀ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࡄࠐ߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠩ߿࠱࠵ࠔ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧߺ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࡵ࠴߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰
ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠊࠄ࠰ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠨࠋࠧߺ ࠓࠩߺ࠱ࠎࠏ࠰ ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ࠭ࠛࠤ
ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠕࠥ࠴࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠕ ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠓࠋࠓ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ RWU ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ ࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ
ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠓࡤߺࠤࠓࡤߺࠤࠖࠤࠖࠄ࠰ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰߿࠳ࠤ ࠖࡰࠪࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏ ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠕࠤ࠭
ࠊߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴ࠦ࠘ࠨ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠤ ࠕࠤࠁ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠓࠏࠧࠌ࠰ࠓ ࠸࠼࠻ ࠸࠼࠼ ࠺࠶࠶ ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠐ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ߾ࠥࠧࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧߺ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠶࠵ ࡵ࠴߿࠰
ߺࠥࠧࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰߿ࠦࠓ࠭ࠎ࠰ࡺ࠳ࠪࠩࠕ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠕࠤࠩࠎࠕࠤࠓ࠴ ࠳߾࠰࠲ࠏࠫ࠱ߺ࠰
ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠘ࠨࠋ࠭ ࠐ߾࠰ߺ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡺ ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ ߿࠳ࠎ࠰ࡺ࠳ࠤࠓ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧߺ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠨߺ ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠛࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳
ࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤ ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰ߺ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧߺ ࠋࠥࠧ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰ ࠱ߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠷࠵࠶࠻ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠓࠊ࠰ࠖ
ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠶࠵ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠏࠥࠧࡺࡂ ࠩࠀߺࠧࠧࠓ ࠭ࠔࠨ
߿߿࠰ࠓࠋࠓ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠟߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲߾࠰
ࠩ߿ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠕࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠩ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠤࠏࠣࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ WLB
ࠀࠕࠧ࠭࠘ࠧࠥࡺࠖࡰࠪࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ RWU ࠊࠥࠧࡺࡄ ࠏࠨࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰ࠓࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰
ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧ࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
69
70
࠷ ࠶ ࠶࠼ ࠺ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠸࠼࠽ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠓ࠴ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺ RWU ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ RWU
ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠖࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠕ ࠸࠼࠽ ࠓ࠴ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏ ࠘ࠄ࠰ WLB ࡄ ࠛߺࠨࠛࠄࠦ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠋࠧࠥࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰
࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠓࠥࠧߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ ࠐߺ࠰࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠊࠐࠎ࠰ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࡤߺ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰
ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠏࠋࠓ
ࠋࠎ࠰ࠋࠎ࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ࠕࠤࠕࠪࡥࠏࠦ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧ ࠛࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠓࠖ ࠷࠸
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠀߺࠧࠧ࠘ࠓ ࠭ࠔࠨࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠊࠕࠤ࠳߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨ
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࡥࠏࠦ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ ࡄ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠌࠧࠧࠊࠥࠔࠛࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰
ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠋࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ RWU ࠊࠕࠤ࠳߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠌࠦࠁ߾࠰ࠒࠤࠖ ࠷࠾ ࠕߺ࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓ ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࡅࠔࠨࠪࡥࠏࠦ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࡄ ࠐ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠐࠥࠧ
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ ࠷ ࠞࠦ ࠋ࠭ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࠔࠨࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠕࠤ࠭
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰ࠐߺ࠰࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧࠓ࠴ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠶࠵ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰
߿߿࠰࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧࠓ࠴ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ߿ࠧࠧ߿ࠧࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰
࠶࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ߺ࠱࠭ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰
ࠓࠊ࠰ࠖ ࠶࠵ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰ ࠱ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
aemufqufwGJ (9)
taxGaxGt}uHjyKcsuf 19§33?
tpdk;&w&m;pD&ifa&;pepfwGif w&m;rSswr+twGuf t[efŒtwm;rsm;
ࠏࠨࠊࠤࠛࠥࠧࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ࠛ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠕߺ࠰߿࠳ࠪ ࠷ࠗ࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࡵࠥࠧࠗ߾࠰ࠒࠤࠖ ࠷࠽ ࠕߺ࠰
ࠊࠄ࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤࡄ ࠩࠎࠛࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ࠕࠤࠁࠗࠊ࠰ࠓ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠶࠼ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊ࠲ࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠕࠤ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠛࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰
࠘ࠨࠓࠀࠕࠤ ࠕ߾࠰ࡄ ࠕߺ࠰ࠕߺ࠰߿ߺ࠰߿ߺ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠓ
ࠥ ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ ߾࠰ ࠭ࠕ
ࠪ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠛ
ࠧ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠛࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ
ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࡄ ࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰࠱߾࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡹࠛࠊࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠎ࠰ࡺ࠲߾࠰ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠖࠤ
࠲߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ ࡤߺࠤࠎࠤࠏ࠳ࠪ ࠻ ࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠕ ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺ࠱߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ ࠒࠤ࠘ࠤ߿ߺࠤ
71
ࠓࠨࠀࠔ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ
72
ࠋࠤࠗࠔ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠊࠎࡊ࠘ࠤࠕࠦࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ
73
aemufqufwGJ (10)
taxGaxGt}uHjyKcsuf 30? yÉdyuQESifh qufEG,faom vdifykdif;qkdif&m t-urf;zufr+
(࠷࠵࠶࠵ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰) ࠛߺ࠱ࠞ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࡀ ࠾࠷
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨ ࠞࠦࠩࠕࡀ ࠶࠷࠸
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠣ࠵߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ (࠶࠽
ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤ)ࡀ ࠹࠶
ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࡀ ࠷࠹
ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠖߺ࠰࠭ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࡀ ࠶࠶
ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿࠳ࠪ࠱ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ࡀ ࠷
࠹࠺
࠹࠵
࠸࠺ ࠸࠾
࠸࠵ ࠸࠷
࠷࠺
࠷࠵
࠶࠺
࠶࠻
࠶࠵
࠶࠵
࠺
࠸ ࠷
࠵
࠶࠵ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ ࠶࠵ࠓ࠴࠶࠼ ࠶࠽ࠓ࠴࠸࠵ ࠸࠶ࠓ࠴࠹࠵ ࠹࠶ࠓ࠴࠺࠵ ࠺࠵ࠛࠋߺ࠰
74
ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠩࠕࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠖࠧࠥߺ࠰࠲ࠏࠁࠔࠤ
࠹࠺
࠹࠵
࠹࠵
࠸࠺
࠸࠵
࠷࠺
࠷࠵
࠶࠺
࠶࠵ ࠶࠷ ࠶࠶ ࠶࠶
࠺ ࠾ ࠾
࠵
࠷࠵࠶࠵ ࠷࠵࠶࠶ ࠷࠵࠶࠷ ࠷࠵࠶࠸ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠷࠵࠶࠺
࠺
࠹
࠺
࠷࠽
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠧࠥ߾࠰
ߺࠕ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
࠷࠹
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠛࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠏࠧࠥ߾࠰
ࠛ࠲ࠤ
࠷࠻
75
76
aemufqufwGJ (11)
taxGaxGt}uHjyKcsuf 30? yÉdyuQESifh qufEG,faom vdifykdif;qkdif&m t-urf;zufr+
(࠷࠵࠶࠵ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠷࠵࠶࠺ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰) ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠷ ࠶ ࠷࠼ ࠩࠓ ࠶࠵ ࠷࠵ W__ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠖࠨࠏࠖࠊ࠰ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠏࠥ࠳ࠫ߾࠰ ࠾࠻࠷ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠩࠊࠤࠋࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠦࠩ࠘࠳ࠩߺࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠎࠊࠧࠧࠎ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWO
ࠒࠤࠛ࠭ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߺࠕ߾࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠩ࠱ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤߺࠧࠎ࠰ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ ࠩ࠘ࠎࠊ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰߿ࠎ࠰ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࡂࠩ࠲ࠓࠩࠏࡅࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠖ࠴ߺ
ࠪ ࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠓ
ࠥ ࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰
ࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊ࠲ࠤ࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠏࠣߺ ࠘ࠨࠓࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ
ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸ ࠶ ࠶࠺ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠶࠵ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠩࠔࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠎࠤࠎ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠺࠼࠹ ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠘ࠎࠊ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࡂ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠥࠏ࠰ࠎ࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠘࠳߾࠰ߺࠤ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰
࠹ ࠶ ࠷࠹ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠶࠵ ࠸࠵ ࠎࠤࠔࠎ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠔࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠺࠷࠹ ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠊࠞࠦࠊࠄ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴߿ࠞ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰
࠼ ࠶ ࠻ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠵ ࠷࠺ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠎࠤࡵࠧ ࠵ࠥࠎ࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠷࠷࠼ ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠎ࠰߿࠳ࠓ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠵߾࠰ࠩࠁࠤ࠰ࠖࠊ࠰ ߺ࠳ࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ࠪࠓ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰ ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠏࠣ߿ࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧࠏࠊ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠖߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠧࠥ߾࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࡦߺࠥࠫ࠲ࠐ߾࠰࠱ࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠪࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠀ࠭ࠏ߾࠰
࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠱ࠄ࠰ࠩࡵ࠴ࠤ߾࠰ߺࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠛ߿ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠀࠪ࠳࠳࠱ࠊ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠽ ࠶ ࠷࠵ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠩ࠙࠳߿߾࠰ࠓ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠺࠼࠽ ࠓ࠴ ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
࠶࠵ ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰ࠖࠛ ࠧ࠭ ࠏ
ࠧ ߿
࠰ ࠧ ࠖࠔ࠰ߺ࠳߾࠰ࠋࠪ ࠩࡅ࠘࠳ࠤߺࠤ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠖ߾࠰ࠩࡥࠓࠫࠥࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰
࠾ ࠶ ࠶ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠵ ࠶࠺ W__ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠐࠤࠏ࠳ࠎࡥ࠰ ࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠩࠊࠤ࠰ ࠛࠕࠤࠕࠥ࠴ ߾ࠕࠧࠊ࠰࠘ࠦࠨࠩࠎ߿ࠞ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠍࠣ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWO
ߺࠕ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠩ࠙ࠤ߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰࠘ࠨࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠎࠊ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴
࠵ࠎ࠰ࠏࠎ࠰ࡵࠨ ࠛࠋߺ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠧࠏ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠩࠛࠤ࠰ࠏࠣߺ ࠏࠣ߿ࠏ࠰ࠋࠪߺࠥࠧ ࠍࠣࠩ࠲ࠓ࠴ࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ࠋࠥࠧࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠶ ࠶ ࠶࠹ ࠌࠦࠁ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠵ ࠶࠼ ࠵ࠓ࠰ߺࠧ࠭ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠙ࠓ࠰߾ࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰߾ࠨ߿ࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠹ ࠞࠦ ࠏ߿࠰࠘ࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡀ ࠷ ࠄࠊࠤ ࡦߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠐࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠸ ࠷ ࠶ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠶ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠩߺࠤߺࠕࠥࠊ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩ࠵ࡅࠩࠖࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠩ࠵ࡅࠩࠖࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠷࠵࠷ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠶࠼ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KHRG
ߺࠕ߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠷࠵࠷ ࠓ࠴ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ߺࠩࠖ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠪࠐࠨ࠘ࠨߺ “
ࠛࠕࠤࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘࠭ࠧࠞࠦ
࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠷ ࠞࠦ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭
ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࡃߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ࠲ࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠙ࠧࠀࠧ࠘ ࠥ ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦࠩࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠛࠕࠤࠕࠥ࠴ߺ
ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠪ
ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠞࠦࠩࠣ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠪࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠊ࠲ࠤ
ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠖ ࠧ ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠖࠤࠊࠨ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠪ
ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠧࠧࠥ ࠍࠣࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠹ ࠷ ࠷࠶ ࠓࠊ࠰ࠖ ࠶࠶ ࠸࠵ ࠹࠵ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠩࠖࠤ࠵࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠩࠖࠤ࠵࠰ (ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠓ
ࠥ ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠧ ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬࠖ࠴߿ࠥࠧ) ࠛࠩ࠲
ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠊࠎ࠰ࡺࠔࠎ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓ࠴ࠬࠑࠥࠖ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠎߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠷࠾࠶ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠎ࠰ࡺ
ࠔࠎ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰
ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠸࠸ࠓ࠴
߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡀ
77
78
࠶࠺ ࠶ ࠷࠷ ࠓࠊ࠰ࠖ ࠶࠶ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠏࠎ࠰࠱ࠔ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠵ࠓ࠰࠵ ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠏࠣࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ (ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠕࠏ࠰ߺ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠖࠨࡦߺࠦ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠏࠧࠊ࠰ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡺࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠶࠸࠶ ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥࠕࡀ) ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ
ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠻ ࠶ ࠷࠸ ࠓࠊ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠶࠾ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠩࠖࠤ࠵࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠩࠖࠤ࠵࠰ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ SSA (ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰) ߿ࠎ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠊࠎ࠰ࡺࠔࠎ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠷࠾ ࠶ ࠖࠕ ࠸࠸ ࠓ࠴ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰ࠏࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ࠔࠨࡥࠏࠦࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓࠩࠏࡅࠓ࠴
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩࠌ࠘࠭࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘ࠨࡺ߿߿࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓߺࠨࠄࠦࠕࠪࠪࠏࠣࡀ
࠶࠼ ࠶ ࠷࠻ ࠓࠊ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠷࠺ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠏࠎ࠰࠙࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠖࠊ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠶࠹࠼ ࠓ࠴ ࠊ࠲ࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠊࠎ࠰ࡺࠔࠎ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘࠭ࠧࠞࠦ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠩࠎࡤߺ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠊࠄ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠎ
࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠐ
ࠧ ࠳ࠪߺ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠽ ࠶ ࠶࠵ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠶࠶ ࠹࠹ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ ࠵ࠓ࠰߿ࠥࠎ࠰ ߺࠥࠎ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠊ࠲ࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠛࠧࠏ߿ ࠰ ࠧ ࠓࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࠪ࠳ ࠓࠕ ࠺࠼࠹ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠏࠣߺ ࠛࡵࡗࠕࠤࠔ࠰࠲ࠏࠫࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠶ ࠷ ࠶࠵ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠶࠹ ࠷࠷ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠌ࠳ࠓ࠰ࠒࠎ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧࠩࠓࠤߺ࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠷࠸࠼ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠷ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠷࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡤߺࠤ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰
࠷࠷ ࠸ ࠶࠵ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠶࠹ ࠷࠷ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠎࠤࠖࠧ࠭ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧࠩࠓࠤߺ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠶࠹࠶ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠸ ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠷࠼ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࡤߺࠤ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠸ ࠶ ࠶࠹ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠸࠵ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠓࠥࠧࠩࠓࠤߺ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠹࠸࠼ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥࠧࠓࠥࠊ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠹ ࠶ ࠶࠼ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠾ ࠓࠧ࠭߿ࠦࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ߺ࠳ࠊ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠍࠓࡢ࠲ࠏࠫߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ߺ࠳ࠊ࠰ߺࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠎࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠻ ࠹ ࠶࠼ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠹࠵ ࠀ߾࠰ࠒࠥࠧࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧࠄ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠶࠹࠶ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠸ ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠶࠽ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠷࠵ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠕࡥࠏࠦࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ߺࠩࠖ ࠹ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ࠛࠩࠓ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠩ࠘ࠀ࠭ࠧࠖ ࠴࠱ߺ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ
ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠼ ࠻ ࠶࠽ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠶࠺ - ࠹࠺ ࠌ࠳ࠓ࠰ࠒࠎ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧࠩࠓࠤߺ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠹࠸࠼ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠌ࠳ࠓ࠰ࠒࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࡵࠧࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠪ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠕ߿࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰߿ࠧ ࠘࠭ࠧ߿ࠧࠧࠓ࠴
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠏࡅࠊࠤࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦ࠘࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠷࠽ ࠶ ࠶࠽ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠺࠵ ࠩ࠱ࠀ࠳ࠓ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓ࠭߿ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠶࠸࠾ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࠎ࠰ࡺ ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ ࠱࠭ࠫࠐࠧࠧࠊ࠰ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘࠭ࠧࠞࠦ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
79
80
࠸࠷ ࠹ ࠷࠸ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠶࠺ ࠶࠼ ࠓࠎ࠰࠵ࠥࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠓ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠎ࠰࠵߾࠰ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠓ࠰ࠛࡤߺࠤ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࠛࡤߺࠤ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠹ ࠞࠦ ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠏࠩࠖࠤ
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠋࠧࠧࠥ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ
ࠓ࠱ߺ࠰࠲ࠓ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠪࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠻ ࠹ ࠼ ࠩࠓ ࠶࠶ ࠶࠷ ࠸࠵ ࠸࠺ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠖࠥ࠳ࠫ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦ ࠏ߾࠰ࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠋࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠵߾࠰ߺࠤ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠓ࠳ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
࠺࠵ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠊࠥࠕࠥ߿ࠤࡌࠎ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠥࠧࠔࠨࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠸ ࠞࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠶࠷
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠺࠶࠸ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠏ߾࠰
ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠾
ࠖ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ࠵ࠊ࠰ࠛ߿ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠳࠱ࠊ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ
ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠸࠼ ࠶ ࠾ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠶࠶ ࠷࠸ XX ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠺࠶࠸ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘࠭ࠧࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࡄ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
࠙ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠣࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ߿ࠧ ࠘࠳ࠤࡂ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠷ ࠄ ࠊࠤ ࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ
࠹࠷ ࠶ ࠷࠹ ߿ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠹࠵ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠛ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ߺ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠹࠵ ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
࠶࠶ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ (ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ - ࠱ࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠐࠤߺ߿ࠤࠒࠩࠖࠤ)
࠹࠸ ࠶ ࠷࠻ ߿ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠷ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠏࠧࠊ࠰ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠶࠷ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠨ ߺࠩࠖࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
࠶࠶ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠋࠥ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠪࠕ
ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ .
࠹࠼ ࠶ ࠶࠽ ࠶࠾ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠀࠓ࠰ࠔࠎ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠵ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠶࠾ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࠒࠤ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࡦߺࠦࠎࠤࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠖࠧࠥߺ࠰ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ
࠶࠶ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠹࠽ ࠹ ࠷࠽ ࠷࠽ ࠖࠥ࠳ࠫ߾࠰࠱ࠔ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺ ࠓ࠭߿ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠸࠷࠶ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ߺࡇࠓࠊࠥࠧࡺߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࠒ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠨࠒࠎ࠰߿߿࠰߿ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠩࡅࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ ࠘࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠶࠶ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ߺࡇࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠕࠧࠊ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰߿ࠏ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ
ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏ࠘࠳ࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰
߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠎ࠰ࠕࠉ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠊ࠲ࠤ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠘࠭ࠧࠞࠦࠏࠣ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠪࠕ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
81
࠶࠶ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠩࡅࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠏࠥࠧࡂ
82
ࠩ࠱ࠤࠩࠓࠤࠖ࠴ࠏࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠎࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠛࠊ߾࠰࠱ࠫࠥࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ
ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡺࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰
ࠄ߿ࠞ࠰ࠄࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠕࠛࠊ߾࠰࠱ࠫࠥࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ
ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠺࠶ ࠶ ࠷࠼ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵࠰߾ࠒࠤ ࠷࠹ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠎࠎ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ߺࠤࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠪ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
࠶࠶ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡦߺࠥࠫ߿ࠤࡂ ࠩࠛࠤ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛ࠘࠭
ࠓࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠪࠏࠣࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠛࠤࠛ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰࠘࠭ࠧࡂ
ࠩࠛࠤ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠛ࠘࠭ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠖࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱ࠩࠩࠎࠤ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡺ ࠛ࠘࠭ࡤߺࠤࠖࠥࠧࡺ ࠛࠩࠏࡅࠊߺ࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰
ࠩࠊࠤ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠸ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࠊࠤ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠪࠕ
ࠊࠔ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠩࠀ࠳ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠺࠷ ࠶ ࠷࠵࠶࠶ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤߺ࠰ࡦߺࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠹࠹࠵ ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠛࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KHRG
ࠏࠪࠨࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ ࠘ࠨࡺࠛࠤ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖࠤࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕࠎ࠰ ࠓࠖࠤࠏࠣߺ
࠘ࠨࡺࠛࠩࠓࠛࠤ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
“ࠓ߿ࠥࠧࠕࠥࠓࡵ
࠰ ࠴߾࠰ࡀ ࠎ߾࠰࠘ࠨ߾ࠔ࠰࠱߾࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰
ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ”࠙ࠧ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤߺ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ
ࠖࠥࠓ࠰ࠄࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠩࡤߺࠤߺ࠰ࠕ࠳࠭ࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ࠩࠕ࠳࠱ࠔ࠰߿ࠕࠤࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠏࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ࠘࠳ࠤ
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤߺ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰
ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠺࠸ ࠶ ࠶ ࠩࠓ ࠶࠷ ࠹࠽ ࠏࠎ࠰࠵ࠣࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠸࠹࠼ ࠓࠕ ࠶࠶࠽ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠒࠧࠧࠕࠤࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT/
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠹࠽ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ Kachin Land
ࠛࠐ࠳ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠸ ࠕߺ࠰ࠖ࠭ࠧࠖ࠭ࠧ News
߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠛࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠭ࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠋࠓ߾࠰ ࠓࠩߺ࠳࠱ࠏࠪࠋࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲߾࠰
ߺࠎ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠎࠊ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰࠲߾࠰
࠘ࠊࠥࠩࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠋࠥ ࠏࠣߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠥߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ߿࠘ࠄ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡺ
࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠻࠶ ࠶ ࠷࠼ ߿ߺ࠰ࠊ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠷࠻ Xx ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤࠏࠨࠊࠤࠛࠥࠧ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰߾࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
࠶࠷ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠎ߿ࠞ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠖࠤ
ࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ߺ ߿ࠦߺࠕߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤ࠵ࠔ࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࡺࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ
ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠻࠷ ࠶ ࠼ ࠩࠐࠩࠐࡅ࠵ࠣࠕࠦ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠩࠎࠤ߾࠰ࠔࠧࠓ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠎ߾࠰ࠓ࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠶࠸࠶ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࡄ ࠊ࠭ࠣߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠥࠧ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰ SWAN
࠶࠸ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠋࠧࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠍࠣ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ߺࠤ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪࡥࠏࠦ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠏࠥߺ
ࠧ ࠀ࠰ ࠭ ࠼ ࠩ࠘ࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠊ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠘ࠨࠓ ߺࠩࠖ ࠷ ࠞࠦ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠋࠥࠧ߿߿࠰ ߿߿࠰࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧ ߺ ࠘ࠨࡺࠛࠤ
࠘ࠤ ࠕࠥࠏ࠰ࠓࠥ࠘࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠣ ࠘ࠨࠛࠥࠏ࠰ࠩࠏ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠘࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠾ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰
ࠛࠋࠥ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠛࠥࠏ࠰ࠩࠏ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠘࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺ ࠊ࠲ࠤ
ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠀߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠔ࠰ࡂ ࠘ࠨࡺࠛࠤ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧࠏࠥࠧࡺࡂ
߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
83
84
࠻࠸ ࠶ ࠷࠶ ࠓࠊ࠰ ࠶࠸ ࠶࠽ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠏࠣࠖࠓ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠛࠤ ࠖࠕ ࠺࠶࠸ ࠓ࠴ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ SWAN
ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕ࠴ࠬࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠷࠽ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬࠋ࠭ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰ ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ߺ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠖߺ࠰ࠋࠏ࠰ࠏࠣࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
࠘ࠨࡺࠛࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠋࠥࠧࡺࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡃࠊࠥࠧࡺࡥ࠭ࠋࠪ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰࠵߾࠰ࡂ
࠘ࠨࡺߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠻࠹ ࠶ ࠶࠹ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠶࠸ ࠽ ࠵ࠓ࠰ࠖࠦࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠎࠓ࠰ࠖࠎ࠰ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧ ࠓࠕ ࠶࠼ ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐࠥࠧࠛࠐ࠳ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠊࠨࠕࠥ࠴ࠩࠎ߿ࠞ࠰ ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠥࠧ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ SWAN
࠘ࠦࠩࠏࠣࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠋ߾࠰ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߾ࠥࠧࠩࠎࡥࠏࠦ ࠊࠧࠎ࠰ࠖࠏ࠰ࠩࡤߺࠤߺ࠰ࠕ࠳࠭ࡺࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ߺࠩࠖࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩ߾࠳ ࠺
ߺࠩࠖ߾ࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩ࠘ࠤ߾࠰ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠻࠻ ࠶ ࠸࠵ ࠶࠺ ࠖࠧࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠶࠶࠻ ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠶ ࠞࠦ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠸ ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠖࠧࠧࠋ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓ
ࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࠒࠤ ࠵ࠧࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓ࠴ ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠘ߺ࠰ࡥࠐࠥࠫ ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴ ࠶࠺ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰
࠶࠸ ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ (ࠩࡅ) ࠁ࠳ࠪࠋߺ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ (KLN)
ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠷ ࠞࠦ
࠻࠼ ࠶ ࠷ ࡵࠧࠧࠥ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠸ ࠷࠾ ߿࠳ࠓ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠓࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠸ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠷࠾ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠷࠽࠻ ߺࠩࠖ ࠸ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠥ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰
(KLN)
࠼࠵ ࠶ ࠶࠵ ࠌࠦࠁ߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠸ ࠷࠷ ࠘࠭ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࡦߺࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠋ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠎ࠰࠵ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ ࠩ߿࠱ࠓ࠴ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖߺࠥࠧ ࠩ߾࠳ ࠺ Free Burma
ࠛࠎࠦ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰߾ࠨࠕࠥࠧ߾࠰ - ࠊ/࠸࠾ ࠷࠸࠸࠷ࡀ ߿ߺ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࡂ ࠩߺ࠱ࠩࠛ Ranger
ࠏࠪࠨࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ࡦߺࠦ # ࠶ ࡀ ࠓࠕ ࠺࠵࠻ࡀ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠩࠏࡅ ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠪࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓࠩࠛࠤ࠰ࠏࠣߺ ࠘ࠊ࠰ ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ
࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊ࠲ࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠤ ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠓࠊࠨࠏࠣߺ
ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠖࠤ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏ࠘࠳ࠤ ࠊࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠖ࠭ࠧ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠴
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠖࠨࡦߺࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠋ࠭ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠏࠥࠧࡺࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ ࠭ࠕࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠸ - ࠹ ࠕߺ࠰ࠛࡤߺࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠐࠓ࠰ࠓࠥࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡃߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠎࠦ߿ࠏ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠧ ߿ࠎ࠰
(ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓࠩࠊࠤ࠰) ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࡅ࠘࠳ࠤࠪࡥࠏࠦ࠘ࠨࡺߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠀ
ࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠪࠐࠨ࠘ࠨࠓ࠴ࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠥ࠘࠳ࠤ
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠼࠶ ࠶ ࠾ ࠁࠎ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠒߺ࠰߿࠰ߺࠤࠩࠏࡅࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠷࠾ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠸ ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠒߺ࠰߿࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓ
࠲ࠓ߿࠰ࡦߺࠦࠎࠤ - ࠀ࠳ࠓ࠰ࠏࠕࠤ ࠽ ߺࠤࠩࠏࡅࠓ࠴ ࠀ࠳ࠪ࠱࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠷ ࠞࠦ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰
ࠒ࠳ࠓ࠰ࠛ࠘࠳ࠤࠖࠓ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠕߺ࠰ࠕߺ࠰߿ߺ࠰߿ߺ࠰ ࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ (KLN)
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬߺ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ
࠘ࠨࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴࠘ࠨࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠊ࠲ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠕ࠳ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧ
ࠀ߾࠰ࠩࡅࡂ ࠝࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠆࠤࠎࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ
ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠖࠪ࠙ࠧ ࠩࠓ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠼࠷ ࠶ ࠷࠻ ࠁࠎ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࠹࠸ ࠵ࠪࠕ߿࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠘࠭࠲ࠐࠬࠁࠕࠏ࠰ ࠵ߺ࠰ࠕߺ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠥࠧࠫ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠕࠤࠒࠤࡥ࠭ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬࠋ࠭࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠋࠧࠧࠥ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰ ࠘࠭࠲ࠐࠬࠁࠕࠏ࠰
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓ࠳ࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠏ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠕࠤࠒࠤ ࠛࠤ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠣ ࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࡤߺࠄ࠰
ࠛࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠛࠩ߿ ࠲߿࠰ࠩࠎ߿ࠞ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠛࠕࠤࠕࠥ࠴ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ߿࠳ࠪ ࠩࠕࡀ ࠠࠕࠤ࠵ࠊࠦ
ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠸࠶࠺ ࠓ࠴ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠕࠎ࠰ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠓࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠌࠉ࠰ࠕࠤ ࠛ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ ࠏࠣߺ ࠩࠀߺࠧ࠘ࠓ ߿ࠕࠥࠊ࠰ ࠛࡊࠖࠥࠏ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰
ࠌࠧࠊࠏ࠰ࡤߺࠏ࠰ ࠕࠪࠓ߾࠰ࠋ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠛࠋࠎ࠰ࠕࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ߺ࠱࠭ࠩࠏࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠘ࠨߺ ߿ࠤࠓ࠱ߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ࠤࡀ
ࠕࠧࠎ࠰ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ࠘ࠨߺ ࠘ࠨࠓࡄ ࠓ࠱ߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺࠓ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ HURFOM
ࠕ߾࠰ࠒࠊ࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡺߺࠥࠧ ࠛࡤߺࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ߿࠳ࠤ ࠋࠥࠧࡵ࠴ߺ࠰ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࡀ
࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠘࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫ࠘࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠞࠦࠩࠣ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧߺ ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠖࡥࠓࠥࠫ߾࠰
ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠩ࠘࠳ࠔࠥࠧ߿ࠦࠓ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕߺ࠰࠘ࠊࡗࠏࠊ࠰ ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠼ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ ࠰ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ WLB ࠆࠤࠎࡀ
ࠛࡤߺࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠞࠦࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ࠕࠤ ࠏࠥࠧࠀࠥࠧࠖࠤࠪ ࠙ࠧ ࡤߺࠤ࠘ࠥࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠐࠩࠐࡅ࠵ࠣࠕࠦࠖ ࠺ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠊࠄ࠰ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࡵࠧࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠏࠣࡀ
85
ࠕࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠏࠥࠧࡺࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
86
࠼࠸ ࠶ ࠷࠻ ࠁࠎ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠖࠥ࠳ࠫ߾࠰ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠛࠎࠦ ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠁࠎ࠰ࠎ࠵ࠣࠕࠦࠖ ࠷࠻ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠎ ࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠆࠤࠎࠓ࠴ ࠛࠕࠤࠕࠥ࠴ ߺࡵࡗࠤࠕ
ࠐࠕࠨࠀࠥࠧࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠩࠒࠤ࠰ࠖࠪࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩ࠘ࠤ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠎࠤ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠨ ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࡦߺࠦ ࠵ࠊࠦࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰
࠶࠹ ߿߿࠰࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠹࠷࠻ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺࠩࠖࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠁࠤ࠰ࠋ࠳ࠎ࠰ߺ
ࠛࠎࠦࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠐࠕࠨࠀࠥࠧ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࠙߾࠰࠘ࠦ࠙߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠤࠩࠎࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠤ ࠩࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰
ߺࠔࠤ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰࠘߾࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠪ ࠩࡤߺࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ ࠩ߾࠳࠘࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰
࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠋࠥࠧ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠏࡂ ࠩߺ࠱ࠩࠛࠩ߿ࠪ
ࠐࠓ࠰ࠓࠥࠪࡥࠏࠦ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠛࠤࠉࠤࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠋ࠭ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠦࠌࠦࠔࠤ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ
ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕࠎ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠊࠥࠩࠏࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺߺ ࠋࠥࠧࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠀ࠭ࠧࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠪ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࡃ
ࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠛࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠄ࠰࠘ࠨ
ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠊࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧࠓ࠴
ࠓࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠊࠥࠩࠏࠋࠤ
࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ࠲ࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠼࠺ ࠶ ࠶࠵ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠶࠹ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠎࠦ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠕࠪࠩࠒࠤ࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠧࠥࡺ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠓࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠖࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡵ࠳ࠤࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠥࠧࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠛࠏ࠱ߺ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠤࠕ࠴ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰
ࠩࠌࠣࠐࠧࠎ࠰ࠔࠓ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠩࠛࠤ߾࠰ࡵࠥࠧ࠰߾࠰߿ࠥࠧ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠕ࠴ࠤࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠓࠥ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊ߿࠰ࠖࡤߺࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠛࠩࠕ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠊ/࠹࠷࠼࠾࠻࠻ ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠔ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠛࠕ࠴ࠤࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠎ࠭ࠩࠒ ࠕࠪࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ ߺ࠱ࠬ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠕ࠴߾࠰
ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠾࠶࠹ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦߺ ࠘ࠨࠊࠥࠧࡺߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠙ࠧ ߿࠳ࠊ࠰߿࠳ࠪ࠭ ࠛࠩࠕࠩࠏࡅ
ࠛ߾࠰࠱߾࠰ࠎࠦࠔࠤࠊࠏ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࡺࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠤࠕ ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࠩࠓࠊࡗࠤ
ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠍࠣ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࡂ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠓ࠴ ࠀ࠳ࠪࠩࡅ࠘࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠊࠕࠤ߿࠳ࠪ ࠀࠥࠧ࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ ࠕࠏ࠰࠭࠱ߺ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧࠖࠄ࠰ ࠖࠨ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ߺ࠳߾࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠊ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ ࠩ࠘ ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ BBC
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠛࠤ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠐࡅࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠀࠥࠧࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߾࠰ࠊࠤࠑ࠱ࠬ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠄࠩࠓ࠴ࠤ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠋࠥ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠋࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠓ࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠩࠓࠖ ࠷࠼ ࠶࠹ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ࡀ
ࠋࠤࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ ࠕߺ࠰ࠩࠎࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠤࠕ࠴ ࠠࠕࠤ࠵ࠊࠦ
ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ߺࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠊ߾࠰ࠛࡤߺࠏ࠰ ࠩࠓࠤ߾࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࡀ
࠘ࠨࠓࠑࠥࠧߺ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠖߺ࠰ࠏ߿࠰ࠑ࠭ࠧ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠐࠥࠋࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓࠩࠒ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠕ࠴߾࠰ߺ ࠛࠩࠕࠩࠏࡅ ࠩࠓ ࠷࠽ ࠷࠵࠶࠹ࡀ
ߺࠥࠧ ࠍࠣ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ߺࠤ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠤ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺ࠘ࠨ ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠓ ࠊ߿࠰ࠕࠏ࠰
ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠏࠣߺ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠔ࠰ߺ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࠖࠨ࠘ࠨࠓࠩࠎ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࡅ࠘࠳ࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠊ߿࠰ࠄࠖ࠭ࠧ
ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠼࠻ ࠶ ࠶࠾ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠶࠹ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠩࠕࠏ࠭ࠧࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠎ࠰ࠊ࠭ࠧ ࠩࠕࠏ࠭ࠧࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠏࠣ߿ࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠏࠥࠊ࠰ࡂ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ PWO
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠺࠵࠷ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠞࠦࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠲ࠏࠤࠏࠣߺ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠼࠼ ࠶ ࠷࠵ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠶࠹ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠩࠕࠏࠧࠧ࠭ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠧ࠭ ࠩࠕࠏ࠭ࠧࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠐߺ࠰߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠐߺ࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰ࠨࠩࠎ߿ࠞ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠩࠀ߿߿࠰ࠩࠀࠓ࠭ࠔࠨ PWO
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠺࠵࠷ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊ࠭ࠧ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤߺ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠪࡥࠏࠦ ߿߾࠰ࠖࠦࠕࠪࠆࠤࠎࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰ࠪࠏࠣߺ ࠛࠓࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧࠊ߿࠰߿ࠧࠖ࠭ࠧߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
߿߿࠰࠘ࠤߺ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠼࠽ ࠶ ࠶࠸ ࠩࠓ ࠶࠹ ࠹࠵ Xx ࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠎࠤࡵ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠖࠓ ࠺࠻࠼ ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠄࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠖࠤࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰࠘ࠨ ࠓ࠘ࠥ KWAT
ߺ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠖ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠽࠶ ࠶ ࠶࠵ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠹ ࠺࠺ ࠕࠦࠁ࠳ࠤࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰࠳ࠪ ࠓࠊࠨࠏࠦ ࠓࠕ ࠷࠻࠾ ࠓ࠴ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓ࠘ࠥ CHRO ࠘ࠊ߾࠰
ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠨࠕࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠧࠥ ࠖࠓ࠰ࠩࠏࡅࠓ࠴ ࠀ࠳ࠪࠩࡅ࠘࠳ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰࠲ࠏࠎ࠰࠱ߺ࠰ࡀ
ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠘ࠨࡺߺࠥࠧ ࡤߺࠄ࠰ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ࠋࠥࠧ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ Chinland
࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠣ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠏ ࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ Guardian
࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠦࠁ࠳ࠤ ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠱ߺ࠰࠱߾࠰ ࠏࠥࠧࡺࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰
ࠩࠏࠪࡥࠏࠦ ࠔࠧࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠛࠋࠥ ࠘ࠨࠓࠕࠕࠥ࠴ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠌࠉ࠰ࠕࠤ
ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ߺࠧ࠘ࠓ࠭ࠔࠨ ࠩࠎࠕࠀࠪ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
87
88
࠽࠷ ࠷ ࠶࠾ ࠁࠎ࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠷࠵ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠷࠶ ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠣࠩߺ࠱ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ KBC ࠓ࠴ ࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠛࠤࠩࠏ ࠀࠕࠤࠓ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥ
ࠓࠨࠀࠔ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠖࠕ (࠺࠵࠷ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠺࠵࠸) ࠓࠕࠓ࠰ࠖࠧࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠎࠎ࠰߿߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧࡺࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࡀ ࠄ࠴ࠞ࠰ࠏࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴ࠥࠏ࠰߿ߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠥࠧࠕ࠳ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠓࠕ ࠺࠵࠸ ߿ࠎ࠰࠱ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧࠛ࠲ࠐ߿࠰
ࠛࠏ࠱ߺ࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠪ࠲߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ KWAT KBC ࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠊ࠲ࠤ ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠖࠨࠓࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓࠕࠕࠎ࠰ ࠛࠤࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠩࠎ
ࡤߺ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠽࠹ ࠶ ࠶࠸ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠶࠺ ࠼࠸ ࠓࠥࠧࠩࠓࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠌ࠘ ࠓࠕ ࠹࠸࠽ ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰࠲߾࠰ࡀ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ ࠋࠥ߿ࠧ ߿࠰࠘ࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠪ߿ࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰
ࠑࠎ࠰ࠩࠓࠤ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛ࠘ߺ࠰ ࠼࠸ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ࠛࠕ࠳ࠔ࠰ ࠛࠓࠐ߾ ࠳ ࠰ ࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࡤ࠰ ߺࠤࠪ࠘
ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱߾࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠤࠛࠥࠧࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠘ࠊ࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ ߺࠥࠧ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴
ࠛࠤࠋࠧࠧࠊ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠏࠔ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠌ࠘
࠭ ࠖࠨࠓࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ߺ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠊࠕࠤࠕ࠭ࠧ
࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠖࡰࠪࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰
ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ߿߿࠰࠭ࠕ࠭ࠧ
ߺ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰
࠘ࠤ ࠕࠕࠥ࠴ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰
ࠞࠏࠩࠌ ࠹࠺࠼/ ࠻࠺/࠼࠶/࠶
ࠛࠕ ߿߿࠰߿ࠄ࠰ߺࠓ࠰ ࠱ࠫࠥ
ࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠔ߿࠰ࠩࠀ
࠵ࠣࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠵ࠔ࠰ ࠩࠐࠤߺ࠰
ߺࠤ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤ࠰
࠲߾࠰ (ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ࠓ࠙ࠧࠧࠊ࠰)
ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠼ ࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ KBC ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋࠧࠥ
ࠛࠓࠛࠤ ࠛࠕࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠭ࠧࠕ࠭ࠧ
࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠖࡰࠪࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏࠕࠎ࠰
߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠐࠥࠛࠤࠩࠏࠩࠎ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠽࠺ ࠶ ࠶࠼ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠶࠺ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠖࠥ࠳ࠫ߾࠰ࠖ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠖࠕ ࠌࠧࠊࠏ࠰ࡤߺࠏ࠰ ࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠠࡥࠏࠦ ࠷࠷ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖ
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ࠺࠶࠸ ࠓ࠴ ࠌࠧࠊࠏ࠰ࡤߺࠏ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࡄ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧߺ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰࠱ߺ࠰
࠲ࠓ߾࠰࠘ࠥࠎ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠎࠦ࠱߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠩࠛࠤ࠰࠘࠭ߺࠥࠧ ࠐ࠳߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠪࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰
ࡤߺࠤ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠓ࠭ࠕࠪ࠲߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠖࠥ࠳ࠫ߾࠰ࠖ߾࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰
ࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ࠩࠕࠕ࠭ࠧߺ ࠛࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠖߺ࠰࠭ࠕࠎ࠰
࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠽࠼ ࠶ ࠻ ࠁ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠷࠽ ࠐࠤࠖ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤ ࠙ࠥࠧࠏ࠭ࠧࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠖࠕ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠕ࠘ࠨ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠒࠧࠎ࠰ࡦߺࠦࠩߺ࠱ࠤ߾࠰࠘࠳ࠤ߿ࠞ࠰ ࠏࠋࠓࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ࠷࠹࠾ ߿߿࠰߿ࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠓࠦࠊࠤ ࠻࠵ ࠛߺ࠳ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬߺ ࠊࠤ࠵ࠎ࠰ࠔࠨࠕࠎ࠰ SHRF +
ࠖࠧࠧࠔߺ࠰ ࠘ࠊ࠰࠲ࠐࠊ࠰࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛ߾࠰ ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ࠏ࠳ࠤࠕࠤ ࠲߾߾࠰ࠀࠎ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ SWAN
ࠩࠎࠕࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠩࠊ࠳ࡺࠕࠥ࠴ࠕࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠘ߺ࠰ࠩ࠘࠭ ࠏ߿ࡋࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠕࠏ࠰ࠕ࠳ࠤࠩࠣ߾࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠛࠕ ࠖࠨࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠋߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧࡂ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ ߺ ࠐࠥࠛࠤࠩࠏ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠄࡰࠎ࠰࠲ࠏࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦߺࠥࠧ
ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࡂ ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ߺ࠰ࠪ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠘ࠨࡺࠛࠤ
࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰࠲߾࠰ ࠕࠥ࠴ࠓࠕࠥ࠴
ߺࠥࠧࠩࠊࠤ ࠓ࠘ࠥࠕࠩࠏࡀ
ࠛࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰ࠩࠌ࠘
ࠓ࠴ࠬߺ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰ ࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ
߿ࠤ߿ࠕࠤ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠏ࠰ࠩ߾࠳ ࠺.࠸
࠘ࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠽࠽ ࠶ ࠻ ࠁࠨࠖࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠖࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠣࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠺࠶࠷ ࠓ࠴ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡄ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠌࠧࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨߺ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ࠌࠧࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬ ࠌࠧࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ ࠖࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠤ ࠩ࠘ࠎࠊ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺࠥࠧ ࠛࠓࠓࠊ߾࠰ࠕࠎ࠰ ࠩ߾࠳࠘࠭ࠧ SHRF
߿ࠥࠎ࠰ࠓ߾࠰ ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࡂ ࠘ࠨࡵ࠴߾࠰ࠛࠊࠨ ࠖࠥ߾࠰ࠀߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ ࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߺࠓ࠰ࠖ࠴ࠓ࠰
ࠓࠥ߾࠰ ࠓࠨࠖࠪߺ࠱࠘࠳ࠤ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ߿߿࠰ࠑࠥࠧࠖ࠰ ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠏࠥࠧߺ࠰ࠀ࠭ࠓࠔࠨࠒࠨ
࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࠎࠤߺ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠘ࠨ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࠖࠤࠪࡥࠏࠥࠦ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠀࠥࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠛࠣ ࠩࠌࠣ࠘
ࠩ࠘ࠎࠊ࠰ࠏ߿࠰ࠩࠐࠣߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓࠓࠥ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠋ࠳ߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠔࠧ
߿ࠥࠊ࠰ࠩ࠱ࠤߺ࠰࠱ࠤ࠘ࠄ࠰ࠩ࠵ࠌࠎࠤ࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ࠩࠀࠕ࠭ࠧࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠛࠋࠥ ࠊ߿࠭ࠧࠊࠕࠤ
ߺࠧ࠘ࠓ ࠭ࠔࠨࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤ࠲߾࠰ ࠓ࠲ࠏࠫࠕࠪࠩࠏࡀ
࠽࠾ ࠶ ࠽ ࡤ࠘ࠧࠊ࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠥࠧࠖࠓ࠰ࡀ ࠎࠓ࠰߿ࠎ࠰ࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ࠓࠕ ࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࡄ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ߾࠰ࠖ࠴ࠄ࠰ࠖࠤࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠓࠥ࠘ࠤ߿ࠧ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠊ߿࠭ࠧࠊࠕࠤ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡀ ࠶࠹࠾ ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠹ ࠞࠦ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ࠎ࠰࠱ࠩࠎ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠓࠎߺ࠰ ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠤࡤߺࠤ࠲߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ SHRF
ࠩ߿ࠤࠩ߿ࠤ߿ࠤ ࠲ࠏ߾࠰ࠩࠎ࠱ࠥࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ ࠓࠖࠧࠏ࠰ࠕࠪࠪࠩࠏࡀ
ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠓࠥࠒࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠎࠦ࠱߾࠰
ࠓ࠱ࠤߺ ࠘ࠨࠓ ࠩࠛࠤ࠰࠘࠭ߺࠥࠧ ࡤߺࠤ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ
ࠀߺ࠰ࠓࠖࠧࠧࠏ࠰ࠩࠊࠤࠩࠏࡀ
89
90
࠾࠵ ࠶ ࠷࠹ ࡤ࠘ࠧࠊ࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠊࠤ࠱ࠦࠖࠥࠊ࠰ ߿ߺ ࠶࠽ ࠓ࠴ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦࠛࠤ ࠕ࠳ࠤ࠘ࠨࡦߺࠦߺ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠭ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛࠩࠕ࠴ࡺࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠕࠪࠩࠒࠤ࠰ࠊ߿࠰ࠞࠦ ࠘ࠨࠓࡥ࠭ࠋࠪࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠕ࠘ࠨ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ SHRF
߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠩࠌ࠘࠭
߿߿࠰ࠊࠏ࠰ ߿ࠎ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠘࠳ࠤ
ࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡤߺࠤࠕࠎ࠰
ߺࠨࠄࠦࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓߺࠥࠧ
ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ ࠘ࠨࠛࠤ ࠘ࠨࠓ
ࠩࠐࡅࠋࠧࠊ࠰ࠩࠏࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠘࠲ࠐ߾࠰
ࠩࠌ࠘࠭ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬߺ ࡃ
ࠛࠤ ࠏࠣࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ ߺࠎ࠰ࠩࠏࠣߺ࠰
ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰࠘ࠨ
ࠛࠤ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰࠲ࠐߺ࠰ࠕࠥ࠴ ࡃࡄ
ࠛࠩ࠲߿ࠥࠧߺ࠰߿ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ
ࠖࡰࠪࠩ࠲ࠏࠤ߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠥࠧࡺ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠌࠉ࠰ ࠊ߿࠭ࠧࠊࠕࠤ
ࠩࠏ࠲߾࠰ ࠕࠥ࠴ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥࠕ
ࠩࠏࡀ ࠩࠕࡰࡦࠊࠥ࠭ࠊࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬߺ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠒࠊ࠰ࠩ߾࠳
߾ࠣࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ (ࠛࠩࠓࠕࠥߺࠎ࠰
ࠩࠌࡅࠖࠤ ࠶࠹࠵)
ࠩࠏࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
࠾࠶ ࠶ ࠸ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠺ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠓࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠏࠎ࠰ ࠌࠧࠧࠊࠏ࠰ࡤߺࠏ࠰ࠓ߾࠰߿ࠥࠧ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠷ࠞࠦ࠘ࠄ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠘ࠨࠓࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬߺ ࠕ࠳ࠤࠖࠨࡦߺࠦ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ࠊࠏ࠰࠘ࠤ ࠩࠎ࠵߾࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠘ࠨࠓ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰ߺ ࠖࠤࠩࠕࠤߺ࠰ ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠋࠥࠧ߿࠭ࠧࠊ࠳ࠪߺࠥࠧ SHRF
ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠴ࠊ࠰ ࠾࠾࠻ࡀ ߺࠔ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤࠛࠣ ࠘ࠨࡺࠞࠦࠩࠣ߾࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠕࠥࠧߺ࠰ࡵ࠴ߺ࠰ࡥࠏࠦ ߿ࠎ࠰࠘ࠥࠧࡺ ࠩࡅࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ࠄࠤࠐߺ࠰ࠎࠤߺࠥࠧ ࠖࠦ࠴࠳ࠪࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠖ߾࠰ࠓࠔࠤ ࠷ ࠩࠔࠤߺ࠰
ߺࠥࠧࠩ߾࠳ ࠺ ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠵ߺ࠰ ࠷
ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠏ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤߺࠥࠧࠖࠄ࠰
ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰࠱ࠏࠣࠓࠄ࠰࠙ࠧ
ࠊࠏ࠰ࠕ߾࠰ࠓ࠴ࠬߺ ߺࠊࠥࠩࠏ
ࠩ࠘ࠤ࠰ࠖࠄ࠰ ࠊߺࠔ࠰࠲ࠐ߿࠰
ࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰ߺࠥࠧ ࠓ࠘ࠥࠕࠩࠏࡀ
࠾࠷ ࠶ ࠺ ࡵࠥࠧ࠵߾࠰ࠒࠤ ࠶࠺ ࠓ࠘ࠥ ࠩߺ࠱࠘ࠦࡥࠓࠥࠫࡺࠎࠔ࠰ ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࡃࡄ ߾࠰ࠏ࠳ࠎ࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ ࡥ࠭ࠋࠪࠓ࠴ࠤࠕࠥ࠴߿ࠞ࠰ ࠖߺ࠰ࠊࠩࠖࠤ ࠋࠥࠧ߿߿࠰ ࠛࠕ߾࠰ࠛ࠲ࠓ߿࠰
ࠕ࠴ࠓ࠰࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠎࠔ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ߾࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ ߿߿࠰࠘ࠤ ࠶࠵ ࠞࠦࡄ ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦ࠲߾࠰࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ ߺࠤࠖࠛࠊ࠳߾࠰ ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ SHRF
࠘ࠤߺࠥࠧࡦߺࠥࠫࠊࠧࠊ࠰ࠐࠓ࠰ࠀࠦࠋࠤࡥࠏࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦߺࠥࠧ ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠲ࠏ߿࠰ࠓ࠲ࠐ߿࠰࠲߾࠰
ࠛࠧࠧࠏ࠰߿ࠧࠖࠥࠧߺ࠰ ࠓࠧࠧࠌࠥࠓ࠰ߺ࠱߾࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ ࠩࡤߺࠤ߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓ
ࠕࠕࠎ࠰ ߺ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ
aemufqufwGJ (12)
taxGaxGt-uHjyKcsuf 30? _idrf;csrf;a&; vkyfief;pOfwGif trsdK;orD;. yg0ifr+
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕࡄ ࠊࠕࠤࠗ߾࠰ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠏࠣࠗ߾࠰ࠓ
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ
ࠩࠎࡺ߿࠳ࠪ ࠏࠣࠗ߾࠰ࠓࠛࠀ߾࠰ ࠛࠩ࠘߿ࠥࠊ࠰
ࠞࠦࠩࠕ ࠏࠣࠗ߾࠰ࠓ ࠛ࠱ࠫࠥࠛ߿ࠤ
࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰߿ࠧࠛࠀ߾࠰
• ࠖࡰࠊ࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛࠓࠊ࠰ࠩࠌࡅࠓࠥࠕ߾࠰ࠩ࠱ࠤ ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠩࠌࡅࠌ࠳ࠔ࠰ࠒࠨ
ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠩࠐࡅࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ ࠺࠷ ࠞࠦࠛࠎߺ࠰
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠷ ࠞࠦ ࠏࠣࠗ߾࠰࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ࠶࠼࠸ ࠸.࠸࠹ ࠕࠤࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰
ࠩࠕࠖࠧࠏ࠰߾ࠎ࠰ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ ࠷ ࠞࠦ
(UPWC)
ࠊࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠖ
࠭ ࠧ࠭ ࠛࠏ߿࠰ࠛࠊ࠰ࠕࠏ࠰߿ࠩ
ࠪ ࠕ࠘ࠩࠒࠤࠊࠨࠄ
ࠦ ࠱ߺ࠰ “ࡵࠥ߾
ࠧ ߾
࠰ ࠩ
࠭ ࠕࠖࠧࠏ߾
࠰ ࠎ࠰߿ࠞ࠰ࠊ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࠘߾࠰ࠩ
ࠖ࠱ࠤ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ߺࠧࠔ
ࠥ ߿
࠰ ࠤࠖ࠴ࠔ࠰
ࠞࠦࠩࠕ ࠏࠣࠗ߾࠰ࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩ߿ࠕࠎ࠰ ࡦߺࠥࠫࠏࠓ࠰ࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠕ࠳ߺ࠰࠘࠳ࠤࠓࠄ࠰ࡀ” (NCA ࠛࠎ࠰ ࠺ࡀ ࠏࠧࠌ࠰ࠓ ࠷࠸)ࡀ
92
NCA ࠛࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰ࠩࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳ࠏ࠳ࠪࠓ࠱ࠤࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࡄ ࠏࠣࠗ߾࠰ࠓ
ࠞࠦ࠘ࠥࠎ࠰߿ࠥࠎ࠰ࠛ߿ࠥࠧࠕ ࠖߺ࠰ࠋߺ࠰
ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠩࠕࠩࠀ࠳ࠩࡵ࠳ࠏ࠳ࠪ ࠓࠨࠩࠒࠤ߾࠰ࠓࠨࡤߺࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠀ࠳ࠪࠩࠕ
࠶ ࠹ ࠕࠤࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ (FPDDC) ࠷࠹
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰߿ࠤ࠲ࠏࠫࠓ
ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ ߿ࠧ߿ࠧࠩࠏࠣ߾࠰ ࠞࠦࠩࠕ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠞࠦࠩࠕ
ࠛ࠱ࠫࠥࠛ߿ࠤ
ࠊࠥ߾
ࠧ ࠰ ࠕ߾࠰࠘ࠤࠩࠕࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࠊ߾
࠳ ࠰ ࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰ ࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕ
ࠩࠐࡅࠩࠀࠤ߾࠰ࠓ ࠩߺࠤ࠰ࠓࠊࠦ (࠷ࠗ࠶࠻ ࠧࡵ࠴߿࠰ ࠶࠺ ࠷ ࠶࠸ ࠕࠤࠥࠧ߾࠰ࡵࠎ࠰
ࠩࠐࠩࠐࡅࠗࠣࠕࠦࠖ ࠶࠼ ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ࠪ࠘ࠄ࠰ࡀ)
93
aemufqufwGJ (13)
taxGaxGt}uHjyKcsuf 33? w&m;r#wr+ vufvSrf;rDSjcif;
ࠎ߿࠰ࠎࠤࠓࠕࠥ࠴ࠩ߿ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠍࠩࠖࠋࠧ࠭ࠊࠓ࠰ ࠊࠕࠤ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠩࠖࠛࠋࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠓࠥࠕࠥࠧࠐࠖࠤࠞࠏࠩࠌ
ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠩࠋࠤ߾࠰ߺ࠳ࠪ࠲߾࠰ࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛࠩࠓ࠳ࠀߺ࠰࠭࠲߾࠰
94
ࠩ࠲ࠓ/ࠛࠥࠓ࠰ࠏࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠓ
95
ࠖࠨࠓࠛ࠘ࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠛࠗࠎ࠰ࠛࠀ߾࠰ࠊ࠳߾࠰ ࠊࠕࠤࠓ࠴࠱ࠊࠓࠕࠔࠨ࠲߾࠰ࠛࠊ࠳ߺ࠰ ࠛ࠙ࠎ࠰ࡺࠛࠊࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ
96
ߺ࠱ࠬࠖ࠳ࠎ࠰࠭ࠪࠕ࠘ࠨࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠩࠏࡅ ࡥࠥࠓ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠤߺ࠰ࠓࠓ࠱ࠤ
97
aemufqufwGJ (15)
trsdK;orD;rsm; tzGJŒcsKyf (jrefrmEdkifiH) tzGJŒ0ifzGJŒpnf;rsm;ESifh
wkdifyifaqG;aEG;r+ tvkyf&HkaqG;aEG;yGJokdŒ yg0ifaom tzGJŒtpnf;rsm;
ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠱ࠫࠏ࠰ (࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾)࠭
ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠵߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ (࠶࠸) ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠓࡈ ȋȌ
ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕࠧ࠭ ȋȌ
ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠎࠦࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕࠧ࠭ ȋȌ
ߺࠔࠎ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕࠧ࠭ ȋȌ
ࠏࠩࠖࠤ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕࠧ࠭ ȋȌ
ࠏࠛࠧࠥ࠵࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠓࡈ ȋȌ
ࠕࠧࠥ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠛࠕࠧ࠭ȋȌ
ࠋࠤ࠵ࠔ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ࠘ࠓࡈ ȋȌ
࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠧࠥ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠕࠕࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰
ࠖࠨࡺࠛ࠳߾࠰ࠛࠩࠕ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ ȋȌ
99
CEDAW Action Myanmar (CAM)
ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠗ߾࠰ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ߿ࠄ࠰ (࠶࠹) ࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
• ࠛࠕࠥࠏ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ • ࠩࠏࡅࠗࠦࠌࠦ
• ࠛ࠙ࠤࠕࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ • ࠏࠎ࠰࠘ࠦࠛࠥࠓ࠰ (PTE)
• ࠛࠤࠕ࠭ࠧࠞࠦࠖࠨࠓࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠛ࠘߾࠰ • ࠐࠦࠎ߿࠰߾࠴ߺ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛ࠘߾࠰
• ࠛࠕࠥࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ • ࠛࠐࠥࠧࠊࠎ࠰ࠩߺ࠱ࠤߺ࠰࠲ࠓࠊ࠰ࠕࠊࠎࠤࠓ࠱ࠤࠛ࠘߾࠰
• Business Kind Myanmar • ࠲ࠏࠄ࠰ࡦߺࠦࠕ࠴߾࠰
• ࠱߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ • ࠘ߺ࠰ࠊࠎ࠰ࡺࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰ࠛ࠘߾࠰
• ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰߿࠭ࠧࠓࠥࠎ࠰ߺࠩࠖࠓ࠱ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ • ࠕߺ࠰ࠎࠤ ࠓ࠙ࠤ ࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࠩ߿ࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠕ࠴ࠤߺ࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
• ࠙ࠥࡵ࡛ࠬࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠘߾࠰ • ߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ࠛࠤߺࠥࠧࠔ࠰ߺࠥࠧ ߺࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߿࠰࠱߾࠰ࠓ߿࠰ࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࡀ
• ߺࠕ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠏ࠭ࠏࠥࠧߺࠨࠄࠦࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠆࠤࠎ
• ߺࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߿࠰࠱߾࠰ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠆࠤࠎ • ࠛࡥࠏ࠭ࠫࠕ࠴߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠏࠄࠤࠩࠕࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠐ࠳࠭ࡺࡥࠐࠥࠫࠊࠥࠧࠊߺ࠰ࠓ ࠩࠐࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠌࠕ࠴߾࠰
• Kindness women • ߺࠥࠧࠕࠓ࠰ࠛ࠘ࠥࠏࠄࠤ࠲ࠏࠎ࠰ࡺࠏ࠳ࠤࠩࠕࠛ࠘߾࠰
• ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠓ࠳ࠊ࠰ࠀࠖ߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦ ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰߿ࠦ • ࠓࠥ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤ࠘ࠓࡈ
• ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࡵ࠴߿࠰࠱߾࠰ࠛ࠘߾࠰ࠩࠊࠤ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠥࠧࠫ࠘ࠓࠦࠆࠤࠎ • ࡦࠊࠥ࠭ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠋࠤߺ࠰ࠏ࠭ࠩࠕࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
• ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤࠓ࠱ߺ࠰ࠓ࠲ࠓ߾࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࠛ࠘߾࠰ • ࠗࠥࠓࠧࠊࡗࠥࠩ߿ࠊࠎࠤࠗࠎ࠰ࠋࠓ࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ
(ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠆࠤࠎ) • Win-Win Organization
• ࠲ࠓࠎ࠰ࠓࠤࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠥࠕ߿࠰ࠔࠎ࠰ࠛ࠘߾࠰࠘ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ • ߺࠓࠤࡡࡺࡥ߾ࠥࠓ࠰࠱ࠓ࠰ࠩࠕࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠩࠐࠤ߾࠰ࠩࠌࠕ࠴߾࠰
ࠩߺࠤ߾࠰߿ࠦ (MCC EWW) • ࠕࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ߺࠕ߾࠰ࡵ࠴߿࠰࠱߾࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠘߾࠰
• ࡵࠥࠧ߾࠰߾࠭ࠖ࠭ࠧࠀࠥࠧ߾࠰ࠕࠤ ࠕ߿࠰ࠔࠤࠎ࠰ࠖࠨ߾ࠔ࠰ ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠓ࠱ࠤࠛ࠘߾࠰ • ࠕࠎ࠰ߺࠧࠎ࠰ࠕ߿࠰ࠔࠤࠎ࠰ࠖࠨ߾ࠔ࠰ࠛࠓ࠱ࠫࠥ࠘ࠓࠦࠛ࠘߾࠰
(National YWCA) • ࠩࠕࠤ߾࠰࠲ࠄ࠰࠘߿࠰
100
aemufqufwGJ (16)
aemufqufwGJ zwf&+Ekdif&ef
WLB ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺ࠵߾࠰ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠛ߿ࠄ࠰ࠓ࠱ࠤࡵ࠴߾࠰ ࠛ࠲ࠤ ࠛ߿ࠧࠥࠕࠓ࠙ࠧࠊ࠰ࠩ࠘ࠤ ࠛࠐ࠳ࠪࡺࠓ࠱ࠤࠓ࠴
࠲ࠏࠫ߿ࠧࠋࠤࠩ࠘ࠤࠩࠛࠤߺ࠰ࠩ࠲ࠓ࠴ ࠛ߿ࠦࠕ߾࠰࠭߿ࠤࠓ࠱ࠤ ߿ࠤࠕ߾࠰
• Drug Lords in Parliament, (October 2011) by Shan Herald Agency for News
• Breaking Barriers: Advocating Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights,
(February 2016) by Asia-Paciϔic Resource and Research Centre for Women
(ARROW)
• Economics of Peace and Conϔlict, (Sept 2013) by Myanmar Peace Monitor, Burma
News International
• Gender Equality and Cultural Norms in Myanmar (2015) by Pansy Tun Thein
• Grab for White Gold: Impacts of platinum mining in Eastern Shan State, (May
2012) by Lahu Women's Organization
• If they had hope, they would speak: The ongoing use of state-sponsored sexual
violence in Burma’s Ethnic Communities, (Nov. 2014) by the Women’s League of
Burma
• In Pursuit of Justice: Reϔlections on the Past ad Hopes for the Future of Burma,
(2014) by the Human Rights Foundation of Monland
• KWAT Baseline Village Household Demographic-FP-Vital Events Survey in Kachin
State, (July-August 2015) by Kachin Women's Association Thailand
• License to rape; The Burmese military regime’s use of sexual violence in the
ongoing war in Shan State (May 2002) by The Shan Human Rights Foundation
(SHRF) and The Shan Women's Action Network
• Lost Paradise: Damaging Impact of Mawchi Tin Mines in Burma'sKarenni State,
(December 2012) by Molo Women Mining Watch Network
• Our Lives Not For Sale: Tavoyan Women Speak Out Against the Dawei Special
Economic Zone Project, (December 2014) by Tavoyan Women's Union
• Poison Clouds: Lessons from Burma’s Largest Coal Mine Project at Tigyit, (Jan
2011) by PaO Youth Organization
• Poisoned Hills- Opium cultivation surgers under government control in Burm, (Jan
2010)by Palaung Women's Organization
• Pushed to the Brink: Conϔlict and human trafϔicking on Kachin-China Borde, (June
2013) by Kachin Women's Association Thailand
• Same Impunity, Same Patterns, (January 2014) by the Women’s League of Burma
• Silent Offensive: How Burma Army strategies are fueling the Kachin drug crisis,
(October 2014) by Kachin Women's Association Thailand
• Still Poisoned: opium cultivation soars in Palaung areas under Burma’s new
regime, (Oct 2011) by Palaung Women’s Organization
• Stolen Lives: Human trafϔicking from Palaung areas of Burma to China, (June
2011) by Palaung Women's Organization
• The Burden of War: Women Bear the Burden of Displacement, (November 2012)
by Palaung Women’s Organisation
• The Long Road to Recovery: Ethnic and Community-Based Health Organizations
Leading the Way to Better Health in Eastern Burma, (Feb. 2015) by Health
Information System Working Group (HISWG)
• UPR Advocacy Fact Sheets, 2nd Cycle Universal Periodic Review, Myanmar UPR
2015: Information on the Status of the Human Rights Situation in Myanmar,
(2015)
• We Used to Fear Bullets Now We Fear Bulldozers ‘ ’ Dirty coal mining by military
cronies & Thai companies Ban Chaung, Dawei District, Myanmar (October 2015)
by Tarkapaw Youth Group, Dawei Development Association (DDA), and the
Tenasserim River & Indigenous People Networks (Trip Net)
101
ENDNOTES:
1. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Concluding Observations of the Committee on
the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: Burma, ¶ 9, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MMR/CO/3 (Nov. 7, 2008)
[hereinafter 2008 Concluding Observations].
2. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Consideration of reports submitted by States
parties due in 2014: Myanmar, ¶ 97, U.N. Doc. CEDAW/C/MMR/4-5 (Feb. 23, 2015) [hereinafter 2014 State
Report].
3. This is true in Sagaing Division and Dawei in Tennisarim Division. See infra Annex 1.
4. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶¶ 9–16.
5. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶¶ 9, 101.
6. The “Race and Religion” laws include the Population Control Healthcare Law, Religious Conversion Law, Buddhist
Women’s Interfaith Marriage Law, and Monogamy Law. See Press Release, U.N. High Commissioner of Human
Rights, (Feb. 25, 2015) (discussing how Myanmar “needs urgently to get back on track”); see also Chloe White,
Protection for Whom? Violations of International Law in Myanmar’s New ‘Race and Religion Protection’ Laws,
GEORGETOWN INST. FOR WOMEN, PEACE & SEC. (2015).
7. For information regarding land law, see FOOD & AG. ORG OF THE U.S., VOLUNTARY GUIDELINE OF
THE GOVERNANCE OF TENURE: AS A GLANCE (2012), available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/
i3016e/i3016e.pdf; GOV’T OF THE REP. OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR, NATIONAL LAND USE POLICY
(6TH DRAFT) (2015), available at http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/NLUP_6th_draft2015-06-en.pdf;
TRANSNATIONAL INST., ASSESSMENT OF 6TH DRAFT OF THE NATIONAL LAND POLICY (NLUP)
(2015), available at https://www.tni.org/files/publication-downloads/nlup-6-key_points.pdf. The Government
also failed to consider women’s rights or adequately consult civil society when considering amendments to the
Investment Law. See Burma: Address Rights Impact of New Investment Law, HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH (March
25, 2015), https://www.hrw.org/news/2015/03/25/burma-address-rights-impact-new-investment-law; Htin Lynn
Aung, New Investment Laws in Limbo, MYANMAR TIMES (Sept. 1, 2015), http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/
business/16244-new-investment-laws-in-limbo.html; Burma’s New Investment Law Fuels Human Rights Concerns,
KAREN NEWS (April 1, 2015), http://karennews.org/2015/04/burmas-new-investment-law-fuels-human-rights-
concerns.html/; Sandar Lwin, DICA Extends Consultations for Investment Law, MYANMAR TIMES (April 2,
2015), http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/business/13874-dica-extends-consultations-for-investment-law.html.
8. ARROW, MYANMAR/BURMA BREAKING BARRIERS: ADVOCATING SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH AND RIGHTS 41 (2016) [hereinafter Breaking Barriers]; Activists Relay Worries of Draft Association
Law to Parliament, ASIAN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS (June 5, 2014), https://asianhrds.forum-asia.
org/?p=12868; Shwe Yee Saw & Myint Htoo Thant, Anger as Government Restricts NGO Registration with By-
law, MYANMAR TIMES (July 24, 2015), http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/15644-anger-as-
government-restricts-ngo-registration-with-by-law.html; The Situation of Human Rights Defenders: Myanmar,
INT’L SERVICE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS (Mar. 2015), http://www.ishr.ch/sites/default/files/article/
files/ishr_-_upr_briefing_paper_on_myanmar.pdf.
9. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 11.
10. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 17.
11. PAUL MINOLETTI, GENDER (IN)EQUALITY IN THE GOVERNANCE OF MYANMAR: PAST, PRESENT,
AND POTENTIAL STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE 27 (2016) [hereinafter Gender (in)Equality].
12. Asian NGO Network on National Human Rights Institutions (ANNI), Report on the Performance and
Establishment of National Human Rights Institutions in Asia, 13 - 21 (2013) [hereinafter ANNI Report (2013)];
see Myanmar Revamps Human Rights Panel Amid Criticism from Rights Groups, RADIO FREE ASIA (Sept. 25,
2014).
13. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 36.
14. Babies and Boldness for Myanmar’s New Wave of Women MPs, BREITBART (March 8, 2016), http://www.
breitbart.com/news/babies-and-boldness-for-myanmars-new-wave-of-women-mps/; Hla Hla Htay, Babies and
Boldness for Myanmar’s New Wave of Women MPs, YAHOO! NEWS (March 8, 2016), https://www.yahoo.com/
news/babies-boldness-myanmars-wave-women-mps-185715023.html?ref=gs.
15. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 11.
16. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 179.
17. KIMBERLY ROGOVIN, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR
MIGRATION IN MYANMAR: BUILDING AN EVIDENCE-BASE ON PATTERNS IN MIGRATION, HUMAN
TRAFFICKING AND FORCED LABOUR (Dec. 2015), available at http://www.ilo.org/yangon/whatwedo/
publications/WCMS_440076/lang--en/index.htm [hereinafter ILO REPORT].
18. U.S. DEPT. OF STATE, TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS REPORT 2015: BURMA 104 (July 2015) available at http://
www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/index.htm [hereinafter U.S. D.O.S. TRAFFICKING REPORT].
102
19. U.S. D.O.S. TRAFFICKING REPORT, supra note 19.
20. These standards are set forth in the US Trafficking Victims Protection Act. For Tier 2 Watch List criteria, see Tier
Placements, U.S. DEPT. OF STATE, http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2015/243366.htm.
21. United States: Assign Tier-3 Rankings to Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia in Annual Trafficking Report, FORTIFY
RIGHTS (MARCH 22, 2016), http://www.fortifyrights.org/publication-20160322.html.
22. KACHIN WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION THAILAND, PUSHED TO THE BRINK: CONFLICT AND HUMAN
TRAFFICKING ON THE KACHIN-CHINA BORDER (2013), available at http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs15/
KWAT-pushed_to_the_brink-en-red.pdf [hereinafter PUSHED TO THE BRINK].
23. UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME, MIGRANT SMUGGLING IN ASIA: CURRENT
TRENDS AND RELATED CHALLENGES 58 (April 2015), available at http://www.unodc.org/documents/
southeastasiaandpacific/Publications/ 2015/som/Current_Trends_and_Related_Challenges_web.pdf [hereinafter
UNODC REPORT]; List of Issues and Questions in Relation to the Combined Fourth and Fifth Periodic Reports of
Myanmar: Replies of Myanmar to the List of Issues, ¶¶ 40, 52 (May 3, 2016) [hereinafter List of Issues Response];
ILO Report, supra note 22, at 3.
24. UNODC REPORT, supra note 24, at 58.
25. PALAUNG WOMEN’S ORGANIZATION, STOLEN LIVES: HUMAN TRAFFICKING FROM PALAUNG
AREAS OF BURMA TO CHINA (June 2011), available at http://womenofburma.org/14-june-2011-palaung-
womens-organization-launched-a-report-stolen-lives-human-trafficking-from-palaung-area-of-burma-to-china/
[hereinafter STOLEN LIVES].
26. See STOLEN LIVES, supra note 26; PUSHED TO THE BRINK, supra note 23.
27. PUSHED TO THE BRINK, supra note 23, at 12.
28. UNODC Report Raises Concerns on Human Trafficking Growth, MIZZIMA NEWS (Apr. 28, 2015), http://www.
mizzima.com/news-international/unodc-report-raises-concerns-human-trafficking-growth.
29. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 27.
30. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶¶ 63, 65; List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶¶40–52.
31. U.S. D.O.S. TRAFFICKING REPORT, supra note 19, at 106.
32. STOLEN LIVES, supra note 26, at 26, 27.
33. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 68.
34. PUSHED TO THE BRINK, supra note 23, at 15.
35. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶¶ 59, 61.
36. U.S. D.O.S. TRAFFICKING REPORT, supra note 19, at 106.
37. U.S. D.O.S. TRAFFICKING REPORT, supra note 19, at 106.
38. U.S. D.O.S. TRAFFICKING REPORT, supra note 19, at 106.
39. Billy Tea, Foreign Policy in Focus: Making Burma Work, FOR. POL’Y IN FOCUS (July 30, 2013), available at
http://fpif.org/making-Burma-work/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=making-Burma-work.
40. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 27.
41. See UNICEF, SNAPSHOT OF SOCIAL SECTOR PUBLIC BUDGET ALLOCATIONS AND SPENDING IN
MYANMAR (2014), available at http://www.unicef.org/myanmar/Final_Budget_Allocations_and_Spending_
in_Myanmar.pdf [hereinafter UNICEF SNAPSHOT]; Panorama of Myanmar Higher Education, MYANMAR
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, www.myanmar-education.edu.mm/dhel/promoti-of-accessibility-quality-and-
diversity-in-higher-education/.
42. The National Education Law was the subject of much dispute. See Naw Say Phaw Waa, Education Bill
Becomes Law Despite Autonomy Concerns, UNIVERSITY WORLD NEWS (OCT. 9, 2014), http://www.
universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20141009082755289; Updates: National Education Law – Student
Protests, BURMA PARTNERSHIP, http://www.burmapartnership.org/updates-national-education-law-student-
protest/.
43. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 35.
44. See UNICEF SNAPSHOT, supra note 43.
45. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 93.
46. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 93.
47. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 89.
48. ILO REPORT, supra note 18, at 34.
49. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 94.
50. List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶ 86.
51. UNFPA, REPORT ON SITUATION ANALYSIS OF POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT, REPRODUCTIVE
HEALTH IN MYANMAR 119 (july 2010); TERESA O’SHANNASSY, CATHOLIC INSTITUTE FOR
103
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, BURMA’S EXCLUDED MAJORITY: WOMEN, DICTATORSHIP AND THE
DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT 17 (2000).
52. ASHLEY SOUTH & MARIE LALL, SCHOOLING AND CONFLICT: ETHNIC EDUCATION AND MOTHER
TONGUE BASED TEACHING IN MYANMAR, at ix–x (Feb. 2016).
53. PO PO THAUNG WIN, AN OVERVIEW OF HIGHER EDUCATION REFORM IN MYANMAR 8 (2015),
available at http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/Education/Popo-Thaung-Win-2015-An_Overview_of_Higher_
Education_Reform_in_Myanmar-en.pdf.
54. PALAUNG WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION, POISONED HILLS - OPIUM CULTIVATION SURGES UNDER
GOVERNMENT CONTROL IN BURMA (2010), available at http://burmacampaign.org.uk/images/uploads/
Poisoned_Hills_Report.PDF; KACHIN WOMEN’S ASSOCIATION THAILAND, SILENT OFFENSIVE: HOW
BURMA ARMY STRATEGIES ARE FUELING THE KACHIN DRUG CRISIS 12–17 (Oct. 2014), available at
http://www.kachinwomen.com/kachinwomen/images/7Oct14Report/silent_offensive_drug_report_english.pdf
[hereinafter SILENT OFFENSIVE].
55. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 35.
56. List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶ 85.
57. List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶ 52.
58. Samantha Carter & Naw Htoo Htoo, Burma’s Healthcare System in Critical Condition, KAREN NEWS (June 28,
2013), http://karennews.org/2013/06/burmas-healthcare-system-in-critical-condition.html [hereinafter Burma’s
Healthcare System].
59. Burma’s Healthcare System, supra note 60.
60. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 39.
61. Burma’s Healthcare System, supra note 60.
62. Shwe Yee Saw Myint, Health Budget Up but Challenges Remain, BURMA TIMES (May 5, 2015), http://www.
mmtimes.com/index.php/in-depth/10258-health-budget-up-but-challenges-remain.html. “‘This department spends
a lot of money on new buildings and renovating old ones,’” U Myat Nyarna Soe reported. “‘But we need to invest in
more than just buildings. For example, we need to improve provision of medicine, health services and research. I
cannot understand why the government focuses so much on buildings.’” Id.
63. THREE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL FUND, 2015 PROGRESS REPORT 4 (2015); Burma’s Healthcare
System, supra note 60. See also HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM WORKING GROUP, THE LONG ROAD
TO RECOVERY: ETHNIC AND COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS LEADING THE WAY
TO BETTER HEALTH IN EASTERN BURMA (Feb. 2015), available at http://backpackteam.org/wp-content/
uploads/2015/03/The-Long-Road-to-Recovery-2015_Eng-1.pdf [hereinafter HISWG REPORT].
64. See HISWG REPORT, supra note 65; PARVEEN K. PARMAR, ET AL., HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN
EASTERN MYANMAR PRIOR TO POLITICAL TRANSITION: A POPULATION-BASED ASSESSMENT
USING MULTISTAGED HOUSEHOLD CLUSTER SAMPLING (May 2014), available at http://
bmcinthealthhumrights.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-698X-14-15; Burma’s Healthcare System, supra
note 60; THREE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL FUND, supra note 65, at 4.
65. HISWG REPORT, supra note 65, at 7.
66. Services are provided in Karen, Karenni, Mon, Shan, Kachin, Chin, and Arakan States and portions of Pegu,
Tenasserim, and Sagaing Divisions of Burma. See Our Background, B.P.H.W.T. PRIMARY HEALTH CARE,
http://backpackteam.org/?page_id=31.
67. Hanna Igber, Burma’s Women Desperate for Healthcare After Decades of Government Neglect, GLOBAL POST
(June 22, 2012), http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/120621/Burma-women-health-
care-disaster?page=0,0Igber. The story of Maw Lwin Khine is illustrative. She and her husband make about 2,500
kyats per day selling flowers. When Maw Lwin Khine went into labor a month early she was taken to a local hospital
where the doctor decided, due to her high blood pressure, that she needed a Caesarian section. The doctor performed
the operation, but the baby was dead upon delivery. The hospital then charged Maw Lwin Khine and her husband
500,000 kyats for the operation, medicine and supplies. They used their life savings and borrowed from friends to pay
the bill. Two weeks later, Maw Lwin Khine developed complications. Unable to afford the local hospital again, Maw
Lwin Khine and her husband borrowed money from a neighbor to travel to Thailand—an eleven-hour trip—to visit a
free clinic specializing in helping Burmese (The Mae Tao Clinic). Id.
68. Hanna Igber, supra note 69.
69. HISWG REPORT, supra note 65, at 28.
70. Burma’s Healthcare System, supra note 60.
71. Burma’s Healthcare System, supra note 60.
72. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 38.
73. Mae Sot, Burmese Family Planning Left Behind, IRIN NEWS (Jan. 7, 2014), http://www.irinnews.org/
report/99431/burmese-family-planning-left-behind.
104
74. PALAUNG WOMEN’S ORGANIZATION, THE BURDEN OF WAR: WOMEN BEAR THE BURDEN OF
DISPLACEMENT, at 18, 24 (2012)
75. See PUSHED TO THE BRINK, supra note 23.
76. Crude death rate per 1,000 was 8 throughout Burma and 13 in IDP Camps in 2008–09. See Death Rate, Crude
(per 1,000 people), WORLD BANK DATABANK, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CDRT.IN; see
also Health and Human Rights in Eastern Myanmar Prior to Political Transition: A Population-based Assessment
Using Multi-staged Household Cluster Sampling, BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS
(May 5, 2014), http://bmcinthealthhumrights.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-698X-14-15.
77. See HISWG REPORT, supra note 65.
78. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶¶ 118–119; List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶ 73.
79. Adolescent Reproductive Health Zone survey, 2015 in 3 townships in Shan State and 3 townships in Karenni State
80. Mae Sot, Burmese Family Planning Left Behind, IRIN NEWS (Jan. 7, 2014), http://www.irinnews.org/
report/99431/burmese-family-planning-left-behind [hereinafter Burmese Family Planning].
81. Burmese Family Planning, supra note 82.
82. Burmese Family Planning, supra note 82.
83. Burmese Family Planning, supra note 82.
84. Breaking Barriers, supra note 8, at 22.
85. Burmese Family Planning, supra note 82.
86. UNFPA Myanmar: Country Profile, NUFPA, http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/myanmar/2009/11/11/1545/country_
profile/#MtnlH.
87. Breaking Barriers, supra note 8, at 17.
88. Breaking Barriers, supra note 8, at 17.
89. HEALTH INFORMATION SYSTEM WORKING GROUP, “THE LONG ROAD TO RECOVERY”: ETHNIC
AND COMMUNITY-BASED HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS LEADING THE WAY TO BETTER HEALTH IN
EASTERN BURMA (Feb. 2015), available at http://HISWGntl.org/sites/default/files/bookPdf/The%20Long%20
Road%20to%20Recovery%202015_Eng%20(1).pdf
90. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 117.
91. List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶ 104.
92. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 39.
93. Ei Ei Toe Lwin, Military Spending Still Dwarfs Education and Health, MYANMAR TIMES (March 30, 2014), http://
www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/10000-military-spending-still-dwarfs-education-and-health.html.
94. TNI, THE MEANING OF LAND IN MYANMAR (2016), available at https://www.tni.org/files/publication-
downloads/tni_primer-burma-digitaal.pdf.
95. See MYANMAR PEACE MONITOR & BURMA NEWS INTERNATIONAL, ECONOMICS OF PEACE AND
CONFLICT (Sept. 2013), available at http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs18/BNI-economics_of_peace_and_
conflict-en-ocr-tu-red.pdf; see also Kyauk Phyu Economic Zone, ARAKAN OIL WATCH, http://arakanoilwatch.
org/collecting-data/; Dawei Development Association (Group Page), FACEBOOK, https://www.facebook.com/
pages/Dawei-Development-Association/324514247578588; UNDP MYANMAR, LOCAL GOVERNANCE
MAPPING: THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS OF SAGAING (2015), available at http://www.
burmalibrary.org/docs21/UNDP-2015-The_State_of_Local_Governance-Trends_in_Sagaing-en.pdf; SALWEEN
WATCH, CURRENT STATUS OF DAM PROJECTS ON BURMA’S SALWEEN RIVER (2013), available at
http://www.internationalrivers.org/resources/current-status-of-dam-projects-on-burma%E2%80%99s-salween-
river-7867; U Kyaw That, Director of the Dept. of Mines, Current Mining Activities in Myanmar, http://www.
charltonsnaturalresources.com/images/stories/Documents/China_Myanmar/ current_mining_activities_myanamr.
pdf; Gabriel Dominguez & Rebecca Staudenmaier, Broken Land, Broken Promises – Myanmar’s Controversial
Copper Mines, DW (Oct. 2, 2015), http://www.dw.com/en/broken-land-broken-promises-myanmars-controversial-
copper-mines/a-18244246; Joshua Brown, Before the Gold Rush, SOUTHEAST ASIA GLOBE (April 18, 2013),
http://sea-globe.com/myanmar-gold-rush/; TARKAPAW YOUTH GROUP, ET AL., “WE USED TO FEAR
BULLETS, NOW WE FEAR BULLDOZERS”: DIRTY COAL MINING BY MILITARY CRONIES & THAI
COMPANIES BAN CHAUNG, DAWEI DISTRICT, MYANMAR (2015), available at http://www.burmalibrary.
org/docs21/TRIPN-2015-10-We_Used_to_Fear_Bullets-Now_We_Fear_Bulldozers-en-red.pdf; LAHU WOMEN’S
ORGANIZATION, GRAB FOR WHITE GOLD: PLATINUM MINING IN EASTERN SHAN STATE, available at
http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs13/Grab_for_White_Gold(en)-op100-mr-red.pdf; MOLO WOMEN MINING
WATCH NETWORK, LOST PARADISE: DAMAGING IMPACT OF MAWCHI TIN MINES IN BURMA’S
KARENNI STATE (2012), available at http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/LostParadise-MawchiMining-
English-.pdf; PA-OH YOUTH ORGANIZATION, POISON CLOUDS: LESSONS FROM BURMA’S LARGEST
COAL PROJECT AT TIGYIT (2011), available at http://burmacampaign.org.uk/media/PoisonClouds.pdf.
96. UN OFFICE OF DRUG CONTROL, SOUTHEAST ASIA OPIUM SURVEY 2015, at 3 (2015), available at http://www.
unodc.org/documents/southeastasiaandpacific/Publications/2015/Southeast_Asia_Opium_Survey_2015_web.pdf.
105
97. SILENT OFFENSIVE, supra note 56.
98. TIM KRAMER, THE CURRENT STATE OF COUNTERNARCOTICS POLICY AND DRUG REFORM
DEBATES IN MYANMAR (2015), available at http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/
Papers/2015/04/global-drug-policy/Kramer--Burma-final.pdf?la=en.
99. Charlie Campbell, Obstacles Ahead in Burma’s Opium War, TIME (March 19, 2013), http://world.time.
com/2013/03/19/obstacles-ahead-in-burmas-opium-war/; TNI, People’s War on Drugs in Kachin State Indication
of Failed Policies (March 21, 2016), https://www.tni.org/en/article/peoples-war-on-drugs-in-kachin-state-
indication-of-failed-policies.
100. TNI, People’s War on Drugs, supra note 101.
101. See SILENT OFFENSIVE, supra note 56; PALAUNG WOMEN'S ORGANIZATION, POISONED HILLS, supra
note 56; PALAUNG WOMEN’S ORGANIZATION, STILL POISONED: OPIUM CULTIVATION SOARS IN
PALAUNG AREAS UNDER BURMA’S NEW REGIME (2011).
102. Ruling Party MPs Return Guns, Alleged Drug Ties to 2015 Race, IRRAWADDY (Oct. 7, 2015), http://www.
irrawaddy.com/election/feature/ruling-party-mps-return-guns-alleged-drug-ties-to-2015-race.
103. Drug Lords in Parliament, SHAN DRUG WATCH 19 (October 2011), available at http://english.panglong.org/wp-
content/uploads/2011/11/independence_shan-drug-watch-2011.pdf.
104. UNHCR country operations profile – Myanmar, UNHCR (2015), http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e4877d6.html;
PUSHED TO THE BRINK, supra note 23..
105. THE BORDER CONSORTIUM, PROTECTION & SECURITY CONCERNS IN SOUTH EAST BURMA/
MYANMAR 6 (2014).
106. Pat Jasan, Members Begin Their Poppy Eradication Efforts, KACHINLAND NEWS (Jan. 26, 2016), http://
kachinlandnews.com/?p=26542; Myanmar Vigilante Opium Stand-off Continues, BBC (Feb. 21, 2016), http://
www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35624824; Clashes Erupt in North Myanmar over Opium Poppy Fields, BBC (Feb.
25, 2016), http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35657112.
107. See SILENT OFFENSIVE, supra note 56.
108. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 51.
109. 2008 Concluding Observations, supra note 1, at ¶ 23; 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 17 (“there is no separate
enacted law to prevent violence against women”).
110. BRENDA BELAK, Violence Against Women, in GATHERING STRENGTH: WOMEN FROM BURMA ON
THEIR RIGHTS 57 (2002), www.ibiblio.org/obl/docs/GS08.violence-against-women.pdf.
111. 2374 Murderers, 1726 Rapists Freed in Amnesties: Deputy Minister, ELEVEN MYANMAR, http://www.
elevenmyanmar.com/local/2374-murderers-1726-rapists-freed-amnesties-deputy-minister.
112. UPR Advocacy Fact Sheets, 2nd Cycle Universal Periodic Review, Myanmar UPR 2015: Information on the Status
of the Human Rights Situation in Myanmar 14, 31 (2015), available at http://www.upr-info.org/sites/default/files/
general-document/pdf/upr_advocacy_factsheets_-_myanmar2015.pdf.
113. Wendy Zeldin, Burma: New Foreign Direct Investment Law Adopted, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS (Sept. 12, 2012),
available at www.loc.gov/law/foreign-news/article/burma-new-foreign-direct-investment-law-adopted/; Chloé
White, Protection for Whom? Violations of International Law in Myanmar’s New ‘Race and Religion Protection’
Laws, GEORGETOWN INST. FOR WOMEN, PEACE & SEC. 10–16 (2015).
114. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 51.
115. Burma 2014 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, U.S. DEP’T OF STATE (Jun. 25, 2015), m.state.gov/
md236428.htm.
116. Aileen Thomson, Civilian Justice Trumps military impunity in Myanmar, OPEN SECURITY (Dec. 11, 2014),
https://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/aileen-thomson/civilian-justice-trumps-military-impunity-in-
myanmar.
117. Lawi Weng, Army Statement Warns Against Linking Teachers' Murders to Troops, IRRAWADDY (Jan. 29, 2015),
http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/army-statement-warns-linking-teachers-murders-troops.html; MYAWADDY
DAILY (Jan. 29, 2015), http://www.scribd.com/doc/254033556/29-1-2015-MWD.
118. Fortify Rights, Myanmar: Overturn Wrongful Conviction of Brang Shawng (February 18, 2015), http://www.
fortifyrights.org/publication-20150218.html; see also Hpakant Court Postpones Brang Shawng Hearing as Plaintiff
Fails to Appear, KACHINLAND NEWS (April 10, 2013), http://kachinlandnews.com/?p=23218.
119. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 173.
120. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 45; List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at 32, 33.
121. Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-related Sexual Violence, ¶ 25, U.N. Doc. S/2014/181
(March 13, 2014), available at http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-
CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_2014_181.pdf.
122. TRANSNATIONAL INST., NO WOMEN, NO PEACE: GENDER EQUALITY, CONFLICT AND PEACE IN
MYANMAR 10 (Jan. 2016).
106
123. Tin Tin Nyo, Sexual Violence Continues for Myanmar Women, ALJAZEERA (Nov. 28, 2014), www.aljazeera.com/
indepth/opinion/2014/11/sexual-violence-continues-myan-2014112411115794396.html.
124. Ei Cherry Aung, Myanmar Now: Rape Victims Struggle to Find Justice in Myanmar, BURMANET NEWS (Feb. 23,
2016), www.burmanet.org/news/2016/02/23/myanmar-now-rape-victims-struggle-to-find-justice-in-myanmar-ei-
cherry-aung.
125. HUMAN RIGHTS OF MONLAND - BURMA, IN PURSUIT OF JUSTICE: REFLECTIONS ON THE PAST AND
HOPES FOR THE FUTURE OF BURMA at 66 (2014).
126. SUPREME COURT, THE COURTS MANUAL 57, 131 (4th ed. 1999).
127. See, e.g., SHAN HUMAN RIGHTS FOUNDATION & THE SHAN WOMEN'S ACTION NETWORK, LICENSE
TO RAPE: THE BURMESE MILITARY REGIME’S USE OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN THE ONGOING WAR IN
SHAN STATE (May 2002), available at http://www.shanwomen.org/images/reports/licensetorape/Licence_to_rape.
pdf.
128. Oliver Slow, Local Government: Still a Man’s World, FRONTIER MYANMAR (Jan. 26, 2016), frontiermyanmar.
net/en/local-government-still-mans-world.
129. Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-related Sexual Violence, supra note 123, at ¶ 6.
130. GLOBAL JUSTICE CENTER, PROMISES NOT PROGRESS: BURMA’S NATIONAL PLAN FOR WOMEN
FALLS SHORT OF GENDER EQUALITY AND CEDAW 44 (Aug. 2015), available at tbinternet.ohchr.org/
Treaties/CEDAW/Shared%20Documents/MMR/INT_CEDAW_NGO_MMR_21890_E.pdf
131. Myanmar, UN WOMEN, asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/focus-areas/cedaw-human-rights/Myanmar (last visited
Apr. 7, 2016).
132. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 45
133. Amina Waheed, Rape Used as a Weapon in Myanmar to Ignite Fear, ALJAZEERA (Oct. 28, 2015), http://www.
aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/10/rape-weapon-myanmar-ignite-fear-151024173444297.html; http://www.
bbc.com/news/world-asia-18395788.
134. For an overview of CRSV, see WOMEN’S LEAGUE OF BURMA, IF THEY HAD HOPE, THEY WOULD SPEAK:
THE ONGOING USE OF STATE-SPONSORED SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN BURMA’S ETHNIC COMMUNITIES
(Nov. 2014); WOMEN’S LEAGUE OF BURMA, SAME IMPUNITY, SAME PATTERNS (Jan. 2014); see also
Update on Burma Army Activity in Kachin State and Northern Shan State, FREE BURMA RANGERS (Oct.
27 2014), http://www.freeburmarangers.org/2014/10/27/update-on-burma-army-activity-in-kachinstate-and-
northern-shan-state/.
135. NLD Leader Outlines Plans for Expanded Peace Process, MYANMAR TIMES (Jan. 5, 2016), http://www.
mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/yangon/18318-nld-leader-outlines-plans-for-expanded-peace-process.
html.
136. Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, S/2016/361, at ¶18 (April 20, 2016),
available at http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/N1611178.pdf.
137. List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶ 37.
138. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 52; Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008), arts.
343(b), 445.
139. Report of the Secretary-General on Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, S/2016/361, at ¶52 (April 20, 2016).
140. List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶ 34.
141. Lawi Weng, Army Statement Warns Against Linking Teachers’ Murders to Troops, IRRAWADDY (Jan. 29, 2015),
http://www.irrawaddy.com/burma/army-statement-warns-linking-teachers-murders-troops.html; see MYAWADY
DAILY, http://www.scribd.com/doc/254033556/29-1-2015-MWD; Myanmar: Overturn Wrongful Conviction of
Brang Shawng, FORTIFY RIGHTS (Feb. 18, 2015), http://www.fortifyrights.org/publication-20150218.html.
142. Myanmar Signs Ceasefire with Eight Armed Groups, REUTERS (Oct. 15, 2015), http://www.reuters.com/article/
us-myanmar-politics-idUSKCN0S82MR20151015. The Government did not allow EAOs to sign if they did not
meet the following criteria: EAO has enough characteristics/ features of a military organization; EAO’s activities do
not disgrace or tarnish the image of the military; Government has contacted them for negotiation; EAO can come
directly to Political Dialogue with Government's direct invitation. Six EAOs did not accept Government's reasoning
and stood with UNFC’s policy of "inclusiveness" in NCA process.
143. Alliance for Gender Inclusion in the Peace Process, Women, Peace and Security Policymaking in Myanmar,
Context Analysis and Recommendations, Edition 1/2015, Dec. 2015; U.N. Human Rights Council, Report of the
Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Yanghee Lee ¶ 33, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/31/71
(March 23, 2016); Forging a New Path: Women at the Peace Tables in Myanmar, UN WOMEN (Oct. 31, 2012),
http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2012/10/forging-anew-path-women-at-the-peace-tables-in-myanmar.
144. President Office, Order No.14/2013, Union Peace-Making Central Committee reformed, Republic of the Union of
Myanmar (July 5, 2013); Government Peace Plan, MYANMAR PEACE MONITOR, http://www.mmpeacemonitor.
org/peace-process/government-peace-plan (last visited March 31, 2016).
107
145. Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement, Chapter 5, Cl. 23.
146. Framework for Political Dialogue, Chapter 2, Cl. 10.
147. Navigating Paths to Justice in Myanmar’s Transition, INT’L CTR. FOR TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE 4 (Jun. 2014),
available at https://www.ictj.org/sites/default/files/ICTJ-Myanmar-Development-Report-2014.pdf.
148. Ei Cherry Aung, Myanmar Now: Rape Victims Struggle to Find Justice in Myanmar, BURMANET NEWS (Feb. 23,
2016), www.burmanet.org/news/2016/02/23/myanmar-now-rape-victims-struggle-to-find-justice-in-myanmar-ei-
cherry-aung/.]
149. See Pansy Tun Thein, Gender Equality and Cultural Norms in Myanmar, INT’L CONFERENCE ON BURMA/
MYANMAR STUDIES (Jul. 2015).
150. Paul Minoletti, Of Men, for Men, by Men?, MYANMAR TIMES (Jul. 29, 2014), www.mmtimes.com/index.
php/special-features/195-women-of-asean/11214-of-men-for-men-by-men.html; see also PAUL MINOLETTI,
GENDER (IN)EQUALITY, supra note 11.
151. U.N. Human Rights Council, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar,
Yanghee Lee ¶ 48, U.N. Doc. A/HRC/31/71 (March 8, 2016).
152. SUSAN H. WILLIAMS, CONSTITUTING EQUALITY: GENDER EQUALITY AND COMPARATIVE
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 280 (1st ed. 2009).
153. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶ 23; INT’L BAR ASSOCIATION’S HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTE, THE
RULE OF LAW IN MYANMAR: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS 46 (Dec. 2012) [hereinafter IBA REPORT].
154. Myanmar: Draft right to information law needs adequate public consultation, ARTICLE 19 (March 17, 2016),
https://www.article19.org/resources.php/resource/38300/en/myanmar:-draft-right-to-information-law-needs-
adequate-public-consultation (“Myanmar courts are slow, inexpert and expensive.”).
155. NICK CHEESMAN, OPPOSING THE RULE OF LAW: HOW MYANMAR’S COURTS MAKE LAW AND
ORDER 162 (1st ed. 2015).
156. Daniel Aguirre, An independent judiciary?, BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS IN BURMA/MYANMAR (Sept.
26, 2014), https://businesshumanrightsburma.wordpress.com/2014/09/26/an-independent-judiciary/.]
157. Thomas Fuller, Myanmar’s Opening Up Hasn't Loosened Graft in Courts, N.Y. TIMES (Oct. 24, 2014), www.
nytimes.com/2014/10/25/world/asia/myanmars-opening-up-hasnt-loosened-graft-in-courts.html?_r=0 (“Lawyers
say bribes are required at nearly every step of the judicial process . . .”).
158. Kyaw Hsu Mon, Burma President’s Order Allowing Small Gifts Met With Derision, IRRAWADDY (Mar. 19, 2014),
www.irrawaddy.com/business/burma-presidents-order-allowing-small-gifts-met-derision.html.
159. Kyaw Hsu Mon, Burma President’s Order, supra note 160; Myo Min Htet, Suu Kyi Instructs Civil Servants not to
Accept Gifts Worth over 25,000 Kyat (Apr. 5, 2016).
160. Human Rights in Myanmar, CIVIL RIGHTS DEFENDERS (Nov. 3, 2015), https://www.civilrightsdefenders.org/
country-reports/human-rights-in-myanmar/.
161. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶¶ 170, 171.
162. HRC 31 Side Event – Time for Justice and Accountability: Rape, Sexual Violence and Burma/Myanmar’s Ethnic
Conflicts, ASIAN FORUM FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEVELOPMENT (Mar. 10, 2016), https://www.forum-
asia.org/?p=20341.
163. List of Issues Response, supra note 24, at ¶¶ 34–36.
164. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶¶ 26, 172.
165. 2014 State Report, supra note 2, at ¶¶ 19, 155.
166. "Pushed to the Brink: Conflict and human trafficking on the Kachin China border" Kachin Women's Association,
Thailand (KWAT) June 2013
167. "Pushed to the Brink: Conflict and human trafficking on the Kachin China border" Kachin Women's Association,
Thailand (KWAT) June 2013
168. "Stolen Lives: Human trafficking from Palaung areas of Burma to China"- Palaung Women's Organisation (PWO),
2011
169. Data collected from WLB member organisations
170. Data collected by WLB Member Organisations
171. Teams led respectively by U Aung Thaung U Aung Min,
172. Full list can be viewed at: http://mmpeacemonitor.org/peace-process/government-peace-plan
173. Full list can be viewed at: http://mmpeacemonitor.org/peace-process/government-peace-plan
174. http://burmaenac.org/stakeholders.html
175. http://www.elevenmyanmar.com/politics/myanmar-government-approves-political-dialogue-framework
108
6.9 438.9 x 309
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