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Employment opportunities and challenges in

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Hospitality industry
Hospitality programs and business schools increasingly develop new curricula for HRM courses by
combining the strategic-level concepts with action-oriented, transactional processes. This has clear
advantages for future professionals in one of the most labor-intensive industries. First, students
capitalize on the benefits of a strategy-driven approach to HRM ( Martin-Rios & Nogareda et al. 2017)

Career opportunities

Career perception is of utmost significance in an individual's life, especially for college students
aspiring to enter an industry-aligned to their programs. Ambiguous career paths may cause
dissatisfaction and loss of individual resources. Choosing a career is often complicated, and their
long-term results are not immediately apparent to individuals. Good career planning leads to life
fulfillment; however, different factors can affect these perceptions. One's career is a significant
concern in youth developmental life. It is associated with either negative or positive
psychological, physical and socio-economic variations which exist beyond a young age in the
adult stage. ( Benaraba & Bulaon et al. 2021).Tourism and hospitality industries create many
employment opportunities in different areas like accommodations, transportation, attractions
sites. Therefore, the availability of skilled and trained manpower is a crucial element in the
success of any tourism development plan or programme, hence employees is a sine qua non of
tourism industry. However, the constraints of employment in tourism industry are unstable
employment, low job status, long antisocial working hours and low pay. The immediate and
most obvious consequences of such a situation is the difficulty of recruiting suitable staff and
high staff turnover, these are costly to the success of the industry. Based on the involvement or
contribution tourism supply side, employment opportunities in tourism and hospitality sectors
can be created either directly or indirectly. Direct Employment opportunities are the total number
of job opportunities supported by directly in travel and tourism. For example employment by
hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, tourism information offices, museums, protected areas such
as national parks, palaces, religious sites, monuments, aircrafts, cruise lines, resorts or shopping
outlets, souvenirs, photography, sightseeing tours, farmhouses, bed and breakfast, rural inns, and
guest houseslocal transportation (state owned airlines and railways, private transport facilities),
Guides, cooks and scouts (Aynalem,& Birhanu et al. 2016).

Skills required

According to Elshaer & Marzouk (2019) tourism educational programs focus more on formal
educational qualifications, degrees and certificates and fail to understand that potential industry
recruiters are increasingly giving attention to vocational skills, such as management skills,
communication, analysis, ethics, service operations, food handlings and competencies aligned
with the requirements of the tourism industry. Vocational education is designed to provide
students with skills and competences specific to a class of occupations or trades and the ability to
work with and serve international customers.