안녕하십니까? 저는 정치외교학과 이유진입니다.

저의 주제는 중국 경제 성장의 시작: 중국 경제

개혁입니다. 이제 중국은 미국과 함께 G2 라고 불리며 세계 경제의 패권을 쥐고 있는 경제 대국이
되었습니다. 어떻게 중국이 미국에 버금가는 경제 대국이 되었는지 관심을 가지고 있었는데 그
이유를 짜오 교수님의 강의를 통해 알게 되었고 발표 주제로 정하게 되었습니다. 제가 개혁 개방에
초점을 둔 이유는 만약 중국이 개혁 개방을 하지 않았다면 지금과 같은 성장을 거두지 못했을 것이기
때문입니다. 우선 개혁개방이 시작된 1978 년 전의 중국 경제 상황을 살펴보고, 경제 개혁을 이끈
덩샤오핑의 이론을 알아본 뒤, 경제 개혁에는 무슨 정책이 있었는지 알아보겠습니다. 1978 년
이후부터 중국의 성장을 본 후 발표를 마치겠습니다. 그러면 지금부터 발표 시작하겠습니다.

This graph shows GDP of USA and China from 1960 to 1977. As you see in this graph, at 1977,
GDP of USA is about 2 trillion dollars and GDP of china is 18 billion dollars. The difference
between USA and China is over 100times. Like this at that time, China was very poor country. The
reason why china was so poor is the regulation policy of china.

Before 1978, Chinese economic system was planned economy. That is government controlled all
of economic system. In agriculture sector, Peasant could not possess their produce and they could
not sell their produce. Thus Chinese agricultural performance was extremely poor. Also business
sector is similar with agriculture. Business activities, such as trade with aim of making profit were
not encouraged. And government monopolized foreign trade. Therefore china could not help but
to be poor.

So Deng Xiaoping who was a president of china from 1978 to 1989 implement Chinese economic
reform. He thought that economic growth is the urgent problem as the most important thing. So
he insisted Black Cat White Cat Theory. This theory is the basis of china economic reformation.

He said “It doesn’t matter whether a cat is white or black, as long as it catches mouse.” It is very
black cat white cat theory.

In this quotation, black cat means socialism, white cat means capitalism, and mouse means
economic growth of china. So we can interpret this quotation to “It doesn’t matter whether a
regime is socialism or capitalism, as long as it catches economic growth.” Therefore he shifted
economic regime from socialism to capitalism in order to catch economic growth.

Therefore the market-based economic reform was implemented by Deng Xiaoping. This reform
was composed reformation and opening up. A representative reformation is household
responsibility system. It is farm privatization. So peasant could possess extra produces and sell it.
As a result, agricultural output increased by 8.2% a year despite a decrease in the area of land
used. And open up was also implemented. A representative open-up policy was establishment of
special economic zone. This regions received legal benefits that is financially libertarian policies in
order to attract foreign capital. This five regions are first special economic zone. By marketizing
monopolized foreign trade system, more foreign direct investment flew to china. This graph shows
the scale of Foreign Direct Investment to China from 1979 to 2008. As you see in this graph the
scale of FDI was almost zero at 1979. But after implement of the economic reform, the scale of
FDI increased.

This graph shows Chinese GDP growth between 1952 and 2005. As you can see, after the
market-based economic reform since 1978 such as farm privatization, establishment of special
economic zones, Chinese GDP increased remarkably. Therefore current Chinese GDP is 2 nd place as
about 11triliion dollars. Now GDP of USA is about one point six times GDP of China. That is china
bridge centuple difference.
 Do you know a common of AIIB and New Silk Road? That is the leader of these two program is
China. Like this influence of china to the world is on the increase. And Chinese economic reform is
still in progress Thus I think China economic power can continue for a long time.