Name: Desita Sari Saragih

Class: Dik19A
Nim: 2193121030

1. Paradis (2004) and Johnstone (2009) mention several advantages to starting to learn English
at an earlier age. They state that children have a great spirit in learning language especially
the sound system, and elaborate implicit knowledge in which the knowledge is held
unconsciously. They indisputably have higher quality at gaining the sounds and rhythms of
the target language but they have low quality in the affective filter. They have good intuition
and are less insecure. Likewise, they hold much more time in learning other languages and a
bigger ability to acquire consciousness of the intercultural identity.

Eventually, when children learn earlier, they may have more 151 advantages to improve their
abilities. Therefore, ‘the younger the better' assumption proves that younger learners learn
better and an extended exposure leads to substantial experience at the end of the learning
process (Enever and Moon, 2009). Related to that, concept of TYEL is a term that can be
used to describe an object in the abstract way to categorize. Teaching English to young
learners at elementary school is different from that to adults. The English teachers to young
learners in elementary school, therefore, need to comprehend and to apply the theories of
language teaching-learning to young learners and language classroom management. Besides,
the English teachers are not only required to be able to teach well but also to be able to
design materials so that they can apply approaches, methods, and techniques of
teaching-learning English appropriately.
To reach the goal of the teaching and learning of English at elementary school, the English
teachers at elementary school should know and apply the theories of teaching English to
young learners. Besides, they should also know what to consider in designing teaching-
learning materials in order that the materials given to the students are appropriate for the
students’ development in relation to languages.
And the activity related to the concepts are icebreaking, recalling memory, brainstorming,
discussion, game, listen and read, listen and match, draw and write, write a paragraph, filling
the blank, vocabulary writing, concluding material, police of English, reading time, English
camp, and assembly

2. Principles of EYL
Children have a reputation for having natural language learning ability. They can learn fast
and easy. Young learner have emotional that most primary level learners share and teacher
need to ensure their fully involving in learning process. So what the principles of the young-
learner students related to that? What are those things?

–Energetic and physically active = teacher can’t sit for a long period time but have to get up
and move
-Spontaneous and not afraid to speak out or participate = Good imitator of language and we
can also mixing the learning activity with an English song
-Imaginative and enjoy make-believe = use imagination, make the roles play and drama
game, like to pretend that they are someone else,
-Can control the young-learner students so they can’t asily distracted and have short
attentions spans = Using some learning media to get and keep their attention
-Curious and receptive to a new ideas = make them (the sudent) participate in a class with
their thought about the material that being discussed.