Present Tense

Dyah Darma Andayani

The Tenses

 Apapun bisa terjadi sekarang, di masa depan ataupun di

masa lampau. Tenses (Kala Pewaktuan) memperlihatkan
kapan sebuah kerja dalam bentuk kata terjadi. Beberapa
kata kerja berubah bentuknya hanya untuk
memperlihatkan waktu dari kerja itu sendiri.

 Waktu dapat dibagi ke dalam tiga periode The Present

(apa yang dilakukan sekarang/what you are doing), The
Past (apa yang telah dikerjakan/what you did) and The
Future (apa yang akan anda kerjakan/what you are going
to do).
 Tenses yang digunakan juga dapat dibagi kembali ke
dalam bentuk Simple, Continuous dan Perfect tenses.

 Dalam bahasa Inggris, kita menggunakan dua tenses untuk

membicarakan the present dan enam tenses untuk
membicarakan the past. Ada beberapa cara untuk
membicarakan masa depan (the future), beberapa
menggunakan bentuk present tenses:
Present -Simple Present
-Present Continuous

Past -Simple Past

-Past Continuous
-Present Perfect Simple
-Present Perfect Continuous
-Past Perfect Simple
-Past Perfect Continuous
Future - Using the simple present
- Using the Present Continuous
- Using the Present Perfect Simple
- Using the Present Perfect
Continuous
- Using Going to
- Using Shall/will
Simple tenses
 The simple tenses digunakan untuk
memperlihatkan karakteristik permanen
seseorang dan kejadian atau apapun yang
terjadi secara reguler, kebiasaan, atau sesuatu
yang selesai dalam sekali aksi.

 The simple present tense digunakan untuk

mendiskusikan situasi permanen dan frekuensi
suatu kejadian.
 Other Verbs
To have Short form
(to work)
I have I've I work

he has he's He works

she has she's She works

it has it's It works

you have you've you work

we have we've we work

they have they've they work

 Statements Statements Short answer Short answer
Questions
+ - + -

I work. I don't work. Do I work? Yes, I do. No, I don't.

He works. He doesn't work. Does he work? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.

She doesn't Does she No, she
She works. Yes, she does.
work. work? doesn't.
It works. It doesn't work. Does it work? Yes, it does. No, it doesn't.

You work. You don't work. Do you work? Yes you do. No, you don't.

We work. We don't work. Do we work? Yes we do. No, we don't.

They work. They don't work. Do they work? Yes they do. No, they don't.
Simple Present Timeline
Contoh

 Q) "Where do you live?" A) "I live in Germany."

 Q) "Where does he live?" A) "He lives in
Germany."
 Q) "What do you do?" A) "I'm a teacher."
 Q) "What does he do?" A) "He's a teacher."
Frekuensi Kejadian
 The simple present tense juga digunakan untuk
memperlihatkan seberapa sering suatu kejadian terjadi
dengan adverbs of frequency - always, usually, often,
sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, never, etc....
Dan saat mendiskusikan daily, weekly, monthly etc.
routines.
Contoh:
 "I always get up at 6.00."
 "I never drink coffee before 12.00."
 "I work on my website every day."
 "Every Monday and Thursday I go to the gym."
 Kita juga menggunakan the simple present
untuk meminta dan memberi instruksi atau
untuk mendiskusikan sebuah serial aksi.

Contoh :
 Q) How do I make pancakes?" A) Well, first you
take 4 eggs and crack them into a bowl, then
you weigh out 4 oz. of flour and sieve it into
the eggs. etc.
Present Continuous Tense

 Ketika kita membicarakan mengenai kejadian-kejadian

yang benar-benar terjadi sekarang (now), digunakan
The present continuous tense.
 Statements Statements Short answer Short answer
Questions
+ - + -
I'm not
I'm working. Am I working? Yes, I am. No, I'm not.
working.
He isn't
He's working. Is he working? Yes, he is. No, he isn't.
working.
She isn't
She's working. Is she working? Yes, she is. No, she isn't.
working.
It's working. It isn't working. Is it working? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.

You aren'tt Are you

You're working. Yes you are. No, you aren't.
working. working?
We aren't Are we
We're working. Yes we are. No, we aren't.
working. working?
They're They aren't Are they
Yes they are. No, they aren't.
working. working. working?
Present Continuous Timeline

Contoh :
Q) "What are you doing?"
A) "I'm building a website."
 Kita juga menggunakan the present continuous tense
juga untuk membicarakan hal-hal yang terjadi
beberapa saat sekarang tetapi sifatnya temporer atau
sementara.
Contoh :
 Q) "What are you doing these days?" A) "Unfortunately
I'm working a lot."
 Juga digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan tren atau situasi
yang “happening” tetapi sifatnya sementara..
Contoh:
 "Nowadays more and more people are shopping on the
Internet."
 ...dan aksi yang berupa kebiasaan (biasanya dalam konteks
negatif).
Contoh:
 "He's always cleaning his car."
 The present continuous tense juga digunakan untuk mendiskusikan
kejadian-kejadian masa depan (future events).
 The present continuous juga digunakan dengan “doing verbs (verbs
of action)” bukan dengan “verbs of state”. Bentuk-bentuk verbs
berikut tidak digunakan dalam bentuk the continuous form:-
Conditions: belong, cost, need, own, seem
Feelings: like, love, hate, want, wish
Beliefs: believe, feel, know, mean, remember, think,
understand