UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-313) BERNOULLI’s THEOREM APPARATUS BJECTIVE Verify Bernoulli's equation experimentally. To calculate the total energy at differentpoints To plot the graph between total energy vsdistance. theorem state that when there is a continuous connection between particles of jing mass of liquid, the total energy at any section of flow will remain. the same vided there is no reduction or addition of energy at any point. HEORY: is the energy equation and is based on the law of conservation of energy. This {quation states that at two sections of flow field the total energy remains the same. Provided that there is no loss or gain of energy between the two sections. This equation is jalid only for steady flow. This equation is expressed as: Description: ‘The present experimental set-up for Bemoull’s Theorem is self-contained re-circulating Lunit. The set-up accompanies the sump tank, overhead tank, centrifugal Pump for water circulation, Control valve and by-pass valve is provided to regulate the flow of water in constant head tank. A test section made of perspex, of varying cross section is providUNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-313) ESREQUIRED: Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220 VAC, 50 Hz, 5-15 Amp. combined socket with earthconnection Water Supply (IntialFil), Floor DrainRequired Floor Area Required: 1.5 mx 0.76m. PERIMENTALPROCEDURE: ‘StartiNGPROGEDURE: Ensure that all On/Off switches given on the panel are at OF Fposition. Close all the valves Vj toVs. Fill sump tank withwater. Open by-pass valve Vz given on the water supplyine. ‘Switch On the main power supply & switch ON thepump. Partially close by-pass valve Ve to allow water to fill in overheadtank. Wait until overflow occurs from ovetheadtank Regulate flow of water through test section with the help of control valve provided at the end of testsection. Ensure that the overflow still occurs; if not partially close the by-pass valve Ve to doso. Measure pressure head by piezometertubes, Measure flow rate of water using measuring tank and stopwatch. Repeat steps (8) to (11) for diferent flow rate ofwater. CtosincProceoure: ‘When experiment is over, switch offpump. ‘Switch off power supply to panel. Drain water from all tanks with the help of given drain valves Vs, Vs&Vs.UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-313) JBSERVATION & CALCULATION: Data: Measuring tank A= 0.077 mi ‘Receleration due to gravity g= 9.81 misec? . of Test | Dia. of test point | Cross Sectional area | Distance of test point ints d (mm) at test point a(m?) | from reference point (di-dr) (a1 -ar) S(m) (81-57) 1 28.0 616 E4 0.04 2 | ees Sena 4344 3 185 2e0E4 4 14.0 TEES 0.1105 5 185 ZeoE4 0.13585 é 235 AREA 0.1582 7 280 6i0E4 0.9155 2 OpseRVATIONTABLE: Ri | R: t | om | ote | hs | oe [obs | he | he {em) | (em) | (sec) | (om) | (cm) | (em) | (em) | (om) | (cm) | (cm) 8.3 Catcutations: Rs 100 (m) QAR (mseo) | |UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-313) (mise) Y = (misec) V= (msec) 3 ag ) Q Vv Y= (miseo) (m/sec) 1 (msec) (misec)UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING ICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-313) FLUID MECHANK 2 2g Plot the graph E (E; to E) vs. S (Si to Sr) (m) NOMENCLATURE: lom Column Heading Units | Type A | Area of measuring tank m Given a Cross sectional area at test point (ai-a7) mm Given d Diameter of the test point (di-d7) mm Given E | Total energy at particular point (E; to E7) m Calculated @_| Acceleration due to gravily msec? | given h | Piezometric tube reading at particular point (hi-hz) m Measured _P__ | Pressure energy per unit weight of fluid or pressure m | Calculated P| head at particular point ("Loh (eo) | | Discharge through test section v/seo | Calculated R__| Rise of water level in measuring tank m | Calculate Ri_| Final level of water in measuring tank om_—| MeatUNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-313) Initial Tevel of water in measuring tank Measured Distance from reference point at particular point (Si- | Given S1) Time taken for R Measured Kinetic energy per unit weight or kinetic head at Calculated | ev parteutar point orl (2g 2g) RECAUTION & MAINTENANCEINSTRUCTIONS: Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 200 volts and above 230 volts To prevent clogging of moving parts, run pump at least once in afortnight Always use clean water. Always keep apparatus free from dust. Drain the apparatus completely afterexperimentation FROUBLESHOOTING: If pump gets jammed, open the back cover of pump and rotate the shaftmanually. if pump gets heated up, switch off the pump for 30minutes. By Reviewed By ‘Approved By HOD AUTOMOBILE