OBJECTIVE: To measure the velocity of flow at different points along the cross section in a pipe | IM: | Bind he point velosty atthe center of a tube for dierent fw rats find the co- efficient of pitot tube. area j blot vloly profile aos the ios section of pipe | INTRODUCTION: tsa device used for measuring tho veloety of ow at any pont ia pie, It's basd onthe principe fat the veloetyoffow ta porn becomes zero thare pherease pressure auetowhe conversion ofthe knelt energy nto presaureeneray. The Pot ube consists of a capil tube Bend a ight angle. The lower end fe dectedin the upstream drecton. The iq es up inte Pe duo to conversion of kinetic energy into pressure ener. The veloc is deterned by ensuring the nse of laud inthe ube i: THEORY: When a Pitot Tube is used for measuring the velocity of flow in a pipe or other closed conduit the Pitot Tube may be inserted in the pipe, Since a Pitol tube measures the stagnation pressure head [or the total head) at its dipped end. The pressure head may be determined directly by connecting @ Gifferential manometer belween the Pitot tube and pressure taping atthe pipe surface. Consider two points 1 and 2 at the same level in such a way that point 1 is atthe inlet ofthe pitot tube and point 2 fp at the outlet. At point 4 the pressure is and the velocity ofthe stream is vi, However, at point 2 the fuid is brought to rest and the energy has been converted to pressure energy. Therefore the: pressure at 2is p, the velocity vis zero and since 1 and 2 are in the same horizontal piane, S0 2: = B, ‘Applying Bernoull’s theorem we get following equation: DESCRIPTION stopwatch, UTILITIES REQUIRED. Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220V AC, S0Hz, 5-18 Am, ith eter Water Supply (Initial Fill ons ip. combined socket with earth i Floor Drain Required Floor Area Required: 1.5 x 0.75 m 7 EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE 7.4; STARTING PROCEDURE ‘Close all the drain valves Fill sump tank % with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles are there. (Open by-pass valve V Ensure that ON/OFF switch given on the panel is at OFF position. ‘Switch ON the main power supply and then switch ON the pump. ‘Open flow control valve Vj and allow water to low through test section by partially closing valve V: (Open the air release valve V: provided on the manometer, slowly to release the air from manometer. When there is no air in the manometer, close the air release val ‘Set the position of pitot tube at the centre of the test section by adjusting the pointer to zero by knob rovided, Fajust water Nov rate wth he lp of cont valve Vs and by pass vale V; jecord the manometer reading, in case of pressure above scale in any tube, epply air pressure by hand pump to get readable reading, Measure the flow of water, discharged, using stop watch and measuring tank. Repeat the experiment for different flow rates of water, operating control valve V, and by-pass valve FRecord the manometer reading fer different postion of pitot tube (change by knob) at particular discharge for determination of velocity profile. itch off power supply to panel rain the apparatus completely by drain valves Vs & Vs provided‘Osscrvation & Catcutation: [Acceleration dueto graviyg= 981misec” | Area of measunngtankA=O0TTm™ 8.2.1 Onscavanon Taste For Co-efficient of Velocity: 8.2.2 Onscrvanion Taste ig 922 Come For Velocity Profile: (nm)|| h (cm)] he (om) } Rs (em) | Re = 7 T = = Use average of co-efficient of velocity calculated as C: for velocity calculation. Plot Graph : P vs. V83 Cmcuanons For Coefcent of elety ae foot A&R 0, -A5B teesNomeNcLaTURE: Nom ‘Column Heading units | type ‘A_| Area of measuring tank Given @_| Cross section area of pipe CalCuTaeD Ge | Co-efiicent ofpittube Calculated @_| Diameter or pipe ch Gen g_| Acceleration due to gravity meee | Given Tie | Manometer reading atboth points om | Measured H_ | Lossofnead tm of water] Calculated P__| Position of pilot tube Tim | Measured R_] Rise of water levelin measuring tank Tm | calculated Ri_| Finallevel of water in measuring tank em | Measured Re Inilal evel of water in measuring tank cm _| Measured 1 [Time for rise in water levelin measuring tank sec_| Measured V_| Velocity at any point msec | Calcutated Vz_| Actual velocity of Tug msec _| Calculated Tn | Theoretical veloc of ad Tse _| Calculated | Dacharge TWIseC_| calcuated 40: PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS: Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 200 Volts and above 240 Volts Never fully close the control valve V1 and by pass valve V2 simultaneously. To prevent clogging of moving parts, run pump at least once in a fortnight, ‘Always keep apparatus free from dust. 41: TROUBLESHOOTING: |f pump gets jam, open the back cover of pump and rotate the shaft manual if bump Gets heated up, switch off the mein power for 30 minutes and avoid closing the flow conto} valve V1 and by-pass valve V2 at a time, during operation. Reference Lab Manual on Fluid mechanios