UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-312)

Contents
1. Objective …………………………………… 1

2. Aim …………………………………… 1

3. Introduction …………………………………… 1

4. Theory …………………………………… 1

5. Description …………………………………… 1

6. UtilitiesRequired …………………………………… 2

7. ExperimentalProcedure …………………………………… 2

8. Observation &Calculation …………………………………… 3

9. Nomenclature …………………………………… 4

10. Precautions & MaintenanceInstructions …………………………………… 4

11. Troubleshooting …………………………………… 5

12. BlockDiagram …………………………………… 6

 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-312)

FORCED VORTEX APPARATUS

(VARIABLE SPEED)
1. OBJECTIVE:
To study rotating mass of fluid in forced vortex condition.

2. AIM:
To determine the surface profile of a vortex apparatus.

3. INTRODUCTION:
A mass of fluid in rotation is called a vortex. The vortex flow is of two types, Free and
Forced. When a fluid is made to rotate by some external agency, is known as Forced
Vortex and Free Vortex is one, which requires no external impressed contact forces to
cause rotation.

4. THEORY:
Forced vortex flow is defined as the flow, in which some external torque is required to
rotate the fluid mass. The fluid mass in this type of flow rotates at constant angular
velocity.

Examples of forced vortex are:

● A vertical cylinder containing liquid, which is rotated about its central axis with a
constant angular velocity.

● Flow of liquid inside the impeller of centrifugalpump.

● Flow of water through the runner of aturbine.

5. DESCRIPTION:
The set-up consists of an open transparent acrylic cylinder, which is free to rotate about
its vertical axis. The cylinder is suitably mounted on a plate. The plate is rotated with the
help of a variable speed motor so that cylinder rotates about its vertical axis. A pointer
gauge mounted on graduated carriage (in X-Y co-ordinates) is provided with the
apparatus. A proximity switch with RPM indicator is also provided for measuring the
RPM ofmotor.
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 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-312)

6. UTILITIESREQUIRED:
​Electricity Supply: Single Phase 220 V AC, 50 Hz, 5-15 Amp. combined socket with
earthconnection.

​Water Supply (Initialfill).

​Floor DrainRequired.

​Floor Area Required: 1 m x 1m.

7. EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURE:

​STA RTING PROCEDURE:

​Fill the cylinder approximately 1/ rd with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles arethere.

​Ensure that all ON/OFF switch given on the panel is at OFFposition.

​Switch ON the main power supply and switch ON themotor.

​Increase the speed of motor slowly and keep it constant for certain vortex formed.

​Record theRPM.

​Record the datum depth reading of the vortex formed with pointer gauge in vertical and
horizontaldirection.

​Move the pointer in one direction on the vortex surface and record the pointer gaugereading.

​Repeat the experiment for different points on thesurface.

​Repeat the experiment for variousspeeds.

​CLOSINGPROCEDURE:

​Adjust DC Drive knob at zero.

​Switch OFF themotor.

​Switch OFF power supply topanel.

​Drain water from cylinder by drainnut.

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 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-312)

8. OBSERVATION &CALCULATION:

8.1 DATA:
Acceleration due to gravity g =9.81m/sec2

8.2 OBSERVATIONTABLE:

Sr. N (RPM) Zr Rr Z R
No. (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm)
1
2
3
4

8.3 CALCULATIONS:
(rad/sec)
ω=2πN
60

(m)
r=(R r−R)
100

ω2r 2
ZC = (m)
2g

(m)
Z (Z −Z)
= r
A
100

Z -Z
% Error = A C ×100 (%)

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 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-312)

ZA

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 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-312)

9. NOMENCLATURE:

Nom Column Heading Units Type

g Acceleration due to gravity m/sec2 Given
N RPM of the cylinder RPM Measured
R Horizontal scale reading at particular point on the cm Measured
vortex surface
r Difference of horizontal scale reading between cm Calculated
particular point & at datum depth of the vortex
Rr Horizontal scale reading of the datum depth point (at cm Measured
center) of the vortex
Z Vertical scale reading at particular point on the cm Measured
vortex surface
ZA Actual height of particular point from deepest point m Calculated

ZC Calculated height of particular point from deepest m Calculated

point
Zr Vertical scale reading of the datum depth point (at cm Measured
center) of the vortex
ω Angular velocity at particular point on vortex rad/sec Calculated

10. PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCEINSTRUCTIONS:

​ Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 200 Volts and above 230Volts

​ Increase the speed of the motorgradually.

​ Always keep apparatus free fromdust.

​ The vortex should be visible in the cylinder means the deepest point of the “U” doesn’t
touches the bottom of thecylinder.

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 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-312)

11. TROUBLESHOOTING:
If panel is not showing input, check mainsupply.

If field failure (FF) indicates on the control panel and the motor is not moving, check the
fuses if burnt, changeit.

If overload (OL) indicates on the panel and motor stops moving, then stop the supply to
motor for 15 minutes and then start itagain.

​Prepared By ​Reviewed By ​Approved By

​ ​ ​HOD MECHANICAL

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 UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULICS MACHINE LAB(AEY-312)

DIAGRAM