SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

College of Arts and Sciences

www.ssct.edu.ph

LEARNING MODULE

Christian Joy Lopez

SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

FIRST SEMESTER A.Y. 2020 – 2021

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NAME OF STUDENT:
PROGRAM/YR/SECTION:
INSTRUCTOR:
MODULE 5

TOPIC - PAINTING

1.1 Elements of Painting

1.2 The Color Wheel and its Categories
1.3 Mediums in Painting
1.4 Classifications of Painting Styles

TIME FRAME: 6 hrs.

INTRODUCTION

Painting is a style of creating an expression by applying colors to a flat surface or any

mediums like canvas, clay, glass, paper, walls, leaf, or woods. Elkins, in 1998, said that
it is an unspoken and mostly unrecognized dialogue, where paint speaks silently in
masses and colors, and the artist responds in moods; and records the most delicate
gesture, for it tells whether the painter sat or stood or crouched in front of the canvas. It
is loaded with narrative content, symbolism, or emotion.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, students are expected to:
 identify elements of painting;
 demonstrate understanding on the color wheel and its categories; and
 identify and discuss the various mediums of painting and classifications of
painting styles.

LET’S GET STARTED!

As a preliminary activity for the topic, answer the following questions in just two
sentences:
1. What do you think are the benefits of paintings in our lives?

2. How do you determine whether a particular art is an original work of an artist?

3. Does art always have a purpose and a function? If it ceased its function, would it still
be considered as art?

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LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Assigned Reading/text

Elements of Painting

A beautiful painting is not made by photographic likeness, but rather by good

composition. For the artist, the harmony in his artwork will depend on the selection of
appropriate devices, peculiar to the medium and the use of certain principles to relate
them. The significant aspects of painting are the line, color, texture, perspective,
shapes, and symbols (Nohay, 2018). These elements are building blocks or the
ingredients of art.

 Line – it is the simplest element in a painting. It is one-dimensional and can vary in

width, direction, and length. It can be used to define shapes, and figures and can also
indicate motion end emotion. Each line has its meaning: vertical lines stress action,
strength, dynamism; horizontal lines mean serenity, calmness, stability; diagonal lines
express tension, movement; curved lines mean softness, flexibility, gentleness.

 Color – artists use color to convey feelings and moods within their painting. They can
create a cheerful mood by placing bright colors next to each other. They can create a
calm or gentle mood by placing soft colors alongside each other. It has three distinct
qualities: hue, saturation, and value. Hue is the name of the color; red, yellow, and blue
are primary color; and their mixture that produces secondary colors are green, oramge,
and violet. Colors can be divided into warm (red, orange, yellow) and cool (blues,
greens, violets) colors. When complementary colors (blue, orange, red, green, and
yellow, purple) are used alongside each other, they intensify each other and look extra
bright. The artist also uses black to tone down colors
(shades) and white to lighten them up (tints).

Figure 1. Color Value

 Texture – it is a component of two-sided and three-sided designs and distinguished by

its perceived visual and physical properties. Texture can be real or implied.

 Perspective – an art technique for creating an illusion of three-dimension with depth and
space. It is the same as “viewpoint” and “position”, it is what makes a painting seem to
have form, distance, and look “real”. It is projected according to its levels namely:

foreground – visual plane that appears closer to the viewers

middle ground – the part between the foreground and the background

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background – the plane in a composition perceived farthest from the viewers

 Shapes – an element of painting that helps express ideas. It helps to interact, and
independently evoke agitation, purposeful energy, direction, etc.

Categories:

a. Geometric - these shapes find origin in mathematical propositions. Its translation and
use are often man-made. These include shapes such as squares, triangles, cubes,
circles, spheres, and cones
b. Organic - these shapes are those readily occurring in nature, often irregular and
asymmetrical

 Symbols – artists often use symbolic objects in their paintings. It is used to express
ideas such as death, hope, life, etc.

The Color Wheel and its Categories

Colors play a fundamental role in our lives and how we respond to our environment.
Significantly, a color wheel (also known as a color circle) is a visual representation of
color arranged based on their chromatic relationship.

Figure 2. The Color Wheel

Colors can be categorized based on the following:

 Complementary Colors – these colors sit contrary to each other on the color wheel.
Since they are opposite, they tend to look lively when used together. Example: red and
green

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 Analogous Colors – these colors sit next to each other on the color wheel. They tend to
look pleasant together because they are closely related. Example: orange, yellow-
orange, yellow

Figure 3. Analogous Colors

 Neutral Colors – they are sometimes called “earth tones”. They do not usually show up
on the color wheel. Example: black, white, gray, and occasionally brown and beige

 Warm Colors – these colors are made with orange, red, yellow, or some combination of
these. Example: colors of the sunset give a feeling of brightness and heat

 Cool Colors – these colors are made with blue, green, purple, or some combination of
these. Example: winter skies and still ponds which makes you think of cool and peaceful
things

Figure 4. Warm and Cool Colors

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Symbolism and Meaning of Primary Colors

Colors can affect our actions and emotions and on how we respond to various people,
things, and ideas.

Red – it is known as the warmest color. It is associated with fiery heat and warmth and
has strong symbolism about life and vitality. It is essential to human life because:
a. it increases enthusiasm and interest
b. it gives more energy
c. it reinforces action and confidence
d. it protects us from fears and anxieties

Blue – it is known as the calmest color like that of the sky and ocean. It is the color of
inspiration, sincerity, and spirituality, and often the chosen color by conservative people.
It is important to human life because:
a. it is a sign of calmness and relaxation
b. it opens the flow of communication
c. it broadens our perspective in learning new information
d. it implies solitude and peace

Yellow – it is considered as the easiest color to recognize. It symbolizes creativity and

intellectual vitality. It also symbolizes wisdom, happiness, and brings awareness and
clarity. It is vital to human life because:
a. it helps us in making decisions
b. it relieves us from burnout, panic, nervousness, exhaustion
c. it sharpens our memory and concentration skills
d. it protects us from depression

Mediums in Painting

Different mediums are used in paintings today. It helps to describe the elements that bind the
colors in the paint (Martin, 2004).

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Classifications of Painting Styles

Part of the desire in painting particularly in the 21 st century is the variety of available art styles.
The style in painting is in two senses: it can refer to the distinctive visual elements, techniques,
and methods that characterized one’s artwork, and can refer to the movement or school that
associated to the artists. Such classification include the following styles:
a. Western styles

 Abstraction - it is an art in painting which does not attempt to represent an accurate

depiction of a visual reality but instead use colors, shapes, forms, and gestural marks to

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achieve its effect.

Figure 5. No. 5 by Jackson Pollock it was

sold for 140million dollars in 2017

 Expressionism - it is sometimes called emotional realism. In this style, the artists

sought to express meaning or emotional experience rather than physical truth.

Figure 6. The German painter, graphic artist

and sculptor Karl Schmidt-Rottluff is
considered a classic of modernism and one of
the most important representatives of
expressionism. His 1914 painting
“Freundinnen” (Girlfriends) is often referred to
as “Schwestern” (Sisters).

 Baroque – it is characterized by dynamism (a sense of motion), which is augmented by

extravagant effects (e.g. sharp curves, rich decoration). Among the significant Baroque
painters are Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Rubens, Velasquez, Poussin, and Vermeer.

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Figure 7. Boy Peeling Fruit by Caravaggio

Original Title: Fanciullo che monda un pomo
Date: 1592 - 1593; Rome, Italy
Style: Baroque, Tenebrism
Genre: portrait
Media: canvas, oil

 Impressionism – it is a type of art presenting the real-life subject with emphasis on the
impression left in the artist’s perception, particularly the effect of light on the object used
as a subject.

Figure 8. Wheeling on the Water Lily Pond

(1899) Claude Monet

 Modernism – it is characterized by a cautious rejection of the styles of the past and

emphasizing innovation and experimentation of materials and techniques instead to

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create better artworks.

Figure 9. French modernist painter

Édouard Manet was born #onthisday in
1832. Celebrate with ‘A Bar at the Folies-
Bergère’, 1882.

b. Modern styles

 Realism – it is a style of painting practiced before the invention of the camera, where
artists depicted landscapes and humans with as much attention to detail and precision
as possible.

Figure 10. Peder Mørk Mønsted, View of

Fredensborg with Children on a Path in the
Woods, 1893

 Symbolism – it is an art that represents the subject symbolically. For example, Juan
Luna’s painting, “Spolarium”, that depicts the suffering of the Filipino people from the
hands of the Spaniards.

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Figure 11. The famous painting “Spolarium”

by Juan Luna, at the national museum

 Fauvism – it refers to art that used brilliant primary colors or color illumination on
subjects like pictures to emphasize comfort, joy, and leisure. The word came from the
French word “fauve” meaning “wild beasts” (this group refers to a small group of painters
in Paris who exhibited works notable for the bold and expressive use of pure color).

Figure 12. The Pool of London

1906 by André Derain

 Cubism – it is a form of abstraction

wherein the object is first reduced to cubes and
then flattened into two-dimensional shapes. It
has been considered the most influential and
powerful art movement during the 20 th century in
Paris, established by Georges Braque and Pablo
Picasso.

Figure 13. A painting by Pablo Picasso

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 Surrealism – it is a type of art wherein the artist creates dreamlike paintings that is filled
with mysterious objects. It is the opposite of abstraction that attempts to portray the
conscious mind through unconventional means.

LET’S DO IT…

Draw/paint any objects in an 1/8 illustration board using different mediums and colors. Explain
its significance and meaning.

REVIEW OF CONCEPTS

Painting - a style of creating an expression by applying colors to a flat surface or any

mediums like canvas, clay, glass, paper, walls, leaf, or woods

Elements - building blocks or the ingredients of art.

Medium - material or technical means of artistic expression (such as paint, canvas,

sculptural stone, etc.) – Merriam Webster Dictionary

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SELF EVALUATION

Identify the following items listed below. Write your answer on the box provided before each
number.

1. It is a continuous marking made by a moving point.

2. It derives from the spectrum of light.

3. It is the opposite of abstraction that attempts to portray the conscious mind

through unconventional means.
4. It is a type of paint that comes in a sealed pressurized container.

5. It is the practice of applying colors or another medium into a flat surface.

6. It is an area with a defined boundary created by a variety of color, value, or
texture of the areas adjacent to it.
7. It refers to something which has a special meaning or a special message.

8. It is sometimes called emotional realism.

9. They are sometimes called “earth tones”.

10. It refers to the resulting artwork in which the paints are made of pigments
suspended in a water-soluble vehicle.

POST TEST

Briefly answer the following questions:

1. What are the differences between oil and acrylic paints?

2. How are secondary colors formed?

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3. What is the real goal of perspective in art? Explain.

4. Why is line considered the most important element in painting? Support your answer.

REFERENCES

Ramos, Arnulfo B. (2018). Art Appreciation for the New General Education Curriculum. First
Edition. 65 Arellano St., Davao City: SMKC Printshoppe

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