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EK1 O Electrocardiog raph

Versions 1 and 2
Service Manual Part No.086027
Revised 11-95

S BUfdiCk lnC. 15 Ptumb Street Mitton, wt s3s63 u.s.A. (608) 868-6000

 Service Manual

t\
{/ CONTENTS
,l

1 GENERAL INFORMATION PAC

1.1 Basic System Description .............. 3
1.2 Block Diagram.............. )
I
LJ Soecifications...............

2 SERVICE
2.1 Cautions
Safety and Service .......................5
2.2 Tools and TestEquipment.......,..... ............ 5
¿.J Printhead Disable....... ............ 5
2.4 Automatic Shutdown Disable ..............,..... 5
2.4 Setup for 24OV 50/60H2 .....,............. ...,.,.. .5
3 SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE CHECKS
3.1 Chassis Leakage..... .................6
3.2 PatientLeakage ..................,....6
3.3 Printhead Dot Test...... ..............6
J.+ - Printhead Protection Test............ ............. ..6
 EK 1 0 Et e c trocardiog rap, h

THEORY OF OPERATION

I SCHEMATICS AND COMPONENT DIAGRAM

8.1 Schematic..
Power Supply Circuit .............28
8,2 Schematic
lnput Circuit ..........28
Input Circuit Schematic (continued) .......................28
QA Schematic
Logic Circuit .........28
(continued)
Logic Circuit Schematic .........28
ó.b D).......
EK10 PCB Component Diagram (prior to Rev. .....,..............28
8.7 EK10 PCB Component Diagram (Rev, D and after)... .....................28

l:
' .",3::já
 I Seruice Manual

1 GENERAL INFORMATION
h
power when an AC power source is not con-
nected, This battery is recharged whenever the
EK'10 is plugged into an AC line and the power
I 1.1 BASIC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
switch is ON. A logic switch allows the battery
to charge continuously, even when the rest of
the circuitry is inactive. Overcharge protection
,1
t!

I The EK10 is a single channel electrocardio-

graph which uses a thermal array wr¡t¡ng sys-
tem to print standard electrocardiograms. An
is built-in.

ECG data signals are acquired, amplified, fil-

I
a
optional nicad battery allows the EK10 to oper-
ate independently of the AC power line for
about an hour (long enough to acquire approxi-
mately 50 ECGs) before recharging is neces-
tered, and digitized before being processed
further by the system. A microprocessor han-
dles control functions. Operator prompts and
menus appear on a 2-line by 2O-character liq-
I 'sary.
uid crystaldisplay. User inputs are provided by
Fl means of a membrane switch keypad. ECG
A single pr¡nted circuit board assembly, the
recordings are printed by the writer assembly,
EK10 PCB, contains the main circuitry for the
whích consísts of a 48mm thermal array print-
system. The 12.5V nicad battery provides
head and a DC motor.

WRITER ASSE/!,4ELY
--t
-li
THERMAL PRINTHEAD ol i

1^
PATIENT INPUT trn tu
-t/

PC Board
MOTOR

KEYPAD INPUT
\------ ------)
1 VOLT OUTPUT
(version 2 only)

1.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM

 EK 1 0 El e ctrocardi og rap h

1.3 SPECIFICATIONS
Dimensions:
Weight:
Power Requirements:
Mains voltage fuses:
Battery fuse:
Operating tem perature:
Storage temperature:
Relative humidity:
Frequency response:
Input impedance:
Electrode offset tolerance:
A/D conversion:
11" x 13"x $3/16"
9lbs. including optional battery
110-120 I 220-240VAC
50/60H2 standard, 30VA
2.SVdc nickel-cadmium battery (optional)
110-120V 2 x 0.3A slow blow, 3AG
220-240V,2 x 160mA time lag, type T
110-120V 24 slow blow 3AG
220-240V,24 time lag, type T
10"C to 40'C
-34'C to 70"C
15% to 90% non-condensing
meets or exceeds AAMI standard (unfiltered)
.04H2 to 30H2, -3dB (filtered)
greater than 50M ohm
*300mV
B bits

Signal output (version 2 only): 1V out per 1mV input, r10% gain
connector, 9-oin D-subminiature
Paper type: thermal
l'aF.^.r an^¡¡.1¡.
vrrdr t JPccrJü. 25mm/s or 50mm/s 12%
Printout format: single channel, auto or manual
Printout device: 48mm thermal dot array
Paper dimension: 50mm w¡de, 45mm grid, 150 ft. roll
IaaA
LVdLI ¡rrdrnItv.
'ma¿l'iaa lead imprinted for each trace above waveform
Patient safety: floating input with defibrilfation protect¡on according to AAMt
t Service Manual
t
p 2 SERVICE Note: the printhead can be re-enabled onl'¡
0 by turning the unit OFF and then ON again.

t 2.1 SAFETY AND SERVICE CAUTIONS

3. Return to the main menu by selecting RTNI.

t CAUTION
- Power line voltage is present on
the EKl0 PCB. Main voltage can be
encountered at the fuse, power switch, and
2.4 AUTOMATIC SHUT DOWN DISABLE
The EK10 automatically shuts down (returns to

i power transformer. Always ensure that the standby) after 15 minutes if no keys are
pressed. For convenience during repair ses-
unit ¡s unplugged whenever you are disas-
sions, this feature can be disabled as follows:
sembling it.
1. From the main menu, press front panel ke-vs
I The EK|0 uses CMOS integrated circuits
and caution must be taken dur¡ng mainte-
nance procedures to prevent damage
2.
V4 and V6 simultaneouslv to enter the Test
& Setup Menu.

I
;- which can be caused by static electr¡city. Press the V4 key and the EK.l0 v¡ill display
An anti-static work surface is recommend- a message indicating that the 15 minute
ed. shut down is disabled,

t Use only Burdick-approved thermal ECG

recording paper. Wax-coated or blush-coat-
ed paper will damage the printhead.
Note: the automatic shut down can be re-
enabled only by turning the unit ()FF and
then ON again.

t 2.2 TOOLS AND TEST EQUIPMENT

3. Return to the main menu by selecting RTN.

2.5 SETUP FOR

h
The EK.l0 requires only standard electronics
tools for maintenance to the board level. The
following is a list of suggested test equipment.
24OV 5O/6OHZ
The EK10 can be configured easíly for opera-
tion at 240V 50/60H2 according to the following

I
The test equipment should be calibrated peri- procedure:
odically and be in good repair.
1. Remove use cover. (Ref er to section 5.1 .7.)
f

i
Digilal Mull¡meter
2. Remove the two (2) fuses from luse clips.
Leakage Current Meter / Safety Analyzer
3. Locate a row of 4 configuration pins on the

i
Oscilloscope board near the fuse clips. Remove the two
(2)lumper blocks from the pins.
Electronic Patient
4. Locate the center two p¡ns and rcplace one
tIOTE: A7164 Allen wrench and smallscrew- (1) jumper block over these pins.

t driver are suggested for use during removal

and replacement procedures.
5. Insert two (2) 5x20MM Type T 0. 164, 250V
fuses into the fuse clips. (Burdicl< part nt,tm-
ber 833098.)

t 2.3 PRINTHEAD DISABLE

To avoid damage, the printhead should be dis-
6.
7.
Replace fuse cover.
Place a new warning label over ihe fuse

t abled whenever the writer is activated without

the top enclosure in place and paper loaded.
1. From the main menu, press front panel keys
B.
cover. (Burdick part number 848773.)
Place a new rating labelover the old one,
located at the side of the unit. (Rurdick part

I V4 and V6 simultaneouslv to enter the Test

& Setup Menu.
number 848769.)
Always ensure the the EKl0 is

f
CAUTION
2. Press the V6 key and the EK10 will display
-
configured for the appropriate power line
a message indicating that the printhead is voltage and the correct rating and warning
disabled. Iables are applied.

I

3 SAFETY AND PERFOR.
MANCE CHECKS
NOTE Leakage tests should be conducted
-
with a high quality meter or safety analyzer
capable of testing to AAMI specifications.
lnappropriate meters can produce erro-
neous leakage readings. Leakage tests
should be performed at a non-conductive
work station.
WARNING Use caut¡on when conducting
-
/hese fesfs. The meter must be suitably
insulated and capable of withstanding the
power line voltage.
3.1 CHASSIS LEAKAGE
1. Turn the EK10 rear panel power switch ON.
2. Connect a leakage meter between the rear
panel chassis ground iack and power line
ground. Ensure that leakage current is less
than 1@pA.
3. Open ground line and ensure leakage cur-
rent is less than 1OOpA.
4. Reverse line polarity and ensure that leak-
aqe current is less than 100prA with ground
^lñeañ
5. With reversed polarity, open ground line
and ensure leakage is less than 100¡lA.
3.2 PATIENT LEAKAGE
NOTE: Leakage should be less than 2O¡;A
through the patient cable and less than
lOpA at the patient input connector.
1 . Connect the oatient cable to the EK10. Turn
the rear panel power switch ON.
2. Connect all patient cable leads together.
3. Connect a leakage meter between patient
cable leads and power line ground. Ensure
leakage is less than 20pA.
4. Open ground line and ensure that leakage
current is less than 20pA.
5. Reverse line polarity and ensure that leak-
age current is less than 20pA w¡th ground
closed.
EK 1 0 Ele ctroc ardi og ra p h
6. With reversed polarity, open ground line
and ensure leakaoe current is less than
2AuA.
3.3 PRINTHEAD DOT TEST
This test can be used to determine if all the indi-
vidual printhead dots are functioning properly.
1. From the main menu, press front panel keys
V4 and V6 simultaneously to enter the Test
& Setuo Menu.
2. Press the Lead I key to initiate test.
3. The writer will print a diagonal line, which
should be inspected for continuity, Fading
at the top or bottom of the page indicates
that the printhead is mis-aligned. Individua,
dots or groups of dots which do not print
indicate a problem with the printhead con-
trol circuitry or the printhead itself. Always
ensure that the pi'inthead and paper path
are kept free of dirt or other foreign mater¡al.
For additional information, refer to section 6
Maintenance.
4. Return to the main menu by selecting RTN.
3.4 PRINTHEAD PROTECT¡ON TEST
This test monitors the printhead strobe. When
the test is passed, it indicates that the pr¡nthead
protection c ircuitry is fun ction in g p roperly.
1. From the main menu, press front panel keys
V4 and VG simultaneouslv to enter the Test
& Setuo Menu.
2. Select PHPT to initiate the test.
The strobe time is determined, and under
normal circumstances, the display indicates
that the test was passed.
Á
a. lf the test was not passed, the display will
indicate that the printhead resistance is
either too high or too low. lf this occurs, the
Printhead Voltage Adjustment must be per-
formed. Refer to page 20 for details.
5. Return to the main menu by selecting RTN.
'{
E
t Service Manual

l¿ 4 PROBLEM SOLVING

IT 4.1 TROUBLESHOOTING
Past experience has shown that a large per
centage of service calls are due to poor ECG

lr technique and broken cables. Before disassem-

bling the electrocardiograph, ensure that tech-
nique and faulty cables are eliminated as the

F source of the problem. Refer to the Operator's

Manual for additional information,

T
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 EK | 0 Ele ctrocard i og rap h

4.1.1 Display

I )I SPLAY IS COMPLETELY BLr''NK

I)UNDDK EK\O PLUCGED IN AND O PT I O NAL B,{TTERY N S TAUE D? TURN ON AND PI-UG IN
IIFAR PANEL rcWEB SWI|CH ON?

EATTEEY FULLY CHARGED? RECHARGE OR REPUCE

1 O. I 2V ACROSS TERMINAL?

WTH POWER OFF CHECK ALL

INTERNAL CONNECTIONS.
APPLY rcWER. STILLBUNK?

u
-y
FUSES F I . F2. AND F3 OK? REPUCE AS NECESSARY

APPROX 20.25V ACROSS C I7 FAULN TNANSFONMER TI ON

rcWER SOURCE

VOLTAGE AT 1C4.7 TOGGLE FROM

GO TO SECTION A
APPROX. O.SV TO I5V WEN I
ONETANDBY KÚ IS PSESSED?
f
I
I
É

OV Af 04 BASE V'IIIILE ONl FAULW K*SOARD

SIANDBYKEY/S pÉESSED?
{
l|

I
POSSIBLE FAILURE OF IC3, 06, OR 04

I I{
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 Service Manual

4.1.1 Display (cont¡nued)

SUPPLY VOLTAGES OK? APNOX FAULW rcVEB SUPftY CINCUÍRY

+5V Af 1C2.1, +5V ACBOSS C3l,
+8V AÍ lCí.l. AND-8V Af D6.4

DISABLE PRINTHFAD. ffiESS MANUAL, FAULTY LOGIC CIRCUINY ON

ÍHEN STAP. DID WITER MOTOR CN PCB
ACTMATE?

tc26.e us.6) snoBED HtGH tc28.s snoBEo H|GH To LOW? FAULTY IC26 AB LOGIC CIRCUITRY
APnOX. NERY t)rns? ON CPU rcB

FAULTY IC28 ON LOGIC CIRCUITRY

ON CN) PCB

V/ITH POV/ER OFF, REMOVE 1C29. FAULN LOGIC CIRCUITRY

APPLY POWER. STILL EUNK? CN CPU rcB

FAULN LCD MODULE

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 EK 1 0 El e ctrocardiog rap h

4.1.2 Writer
(
,;i:

WRITER DOES NOT PfrNT, BUÍ PAPEB

ADVANCES

AP%OX. t0.t6V AT J2.14? DISCONNECI WRITER CABLE Af FAULIY PRINTHEAO

J2. APffiOX t0-t6v AT J2.14?

FAULTY POWER SUWLY

DISABLE PRIN'|HEAD. PRESS MANUAL

ARE LAGIC SIGNALS AT J2.6, J2.1, MUTLIftE FAILURES ON CPU rcB
AND J2.8 SWJTCHING? AND,OR WNITER

DISCONNECT VlRITER CABLE AT J2.

ABE LOGIC SIGNALS AT J2,6, J2. I,
AND J2.8 SWTCHNG?

FAULN V/RITEN CONTROL

CIRCUITRY ON CPU rc8

0
 EKl0 Electrocardiograph ji*;

4.2 WAVEFORMS AND TESTPOINTS

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^t¡[ ¡ ¡ 0 o 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 c^L
I I I 0 o | 0 0 ¡ o 0 ¡ v¡
0000!¡oatt¡o
GNO 0ol oot0ol¡¡t
o ¡ o 0 0 ¡ 0 o I ¡ 0 0 vl

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l0¡ 00¡ o0l 0¡¡
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tcr 9.r ¡¡l 001 001 001
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 EK 1 0 El e ctrocardiog raph

4.3 CONNECTOR PINOUTS

EKIO PC BOARD

Connector Pln# Name DescripJlon

J1 (ver. 2 only) 1 1V OUT '1V
output
7 GND Chassis ground

J¿ 1
I STROBEl Printhead strobe
¿ STROBE2 Printhead strobe
GND Chassis ground
4 TXD Transmit data line
GND Chassis ground
LATCH Data latch signal
7
T VDD +5V
B ¡ULÑ Serial clock
o STROBE3 Printhead strobe signal
10 THERMISTOR Temp. sense to processor
11 THERMGND Thermistor ground
IJ PHGND Printhead ground
.A
t+ VH Pri nthead supply voltage
PHGND Pr¡nthead ground
to VH Printhead supply voltage
17 PHGND Printhead ground
1B VH Printhead supply voltage
19 PHGND Printhead ground
¿v VH Printhead supply voltage

t4
RL ECG input signal
¿ \/e ECG input signal
ECG input signal
4 V1 ECG input signal
v4 ECG input signal
6 RA ECG input signal
LA ECG input signal
B LL ECG input signal
I t/)A Cable sense A
11 Cable sense B
1A ECG input signal
ta VO
V5 ECG input signal

t4
I Service Manual

a\ 4.3 CONNECTOR PINOUTS (CONTINUED)

f
¡
f

t Connector Pln#

1
Name- Descrlotion

Ground
z VDD +5V supply to LCD
VD Adiust
A
AO LCD control signal
6 A1 LCD control signal
6 E LCD control sígnal
a aA LDT.LDO LCD data lines

.tc Keyboard row lines

J6 l-J KEYBD4-O
6 POWER Front panel power switch
GND Chassis ground
ó-ll KEYBDd.a Keyboard column lines
t¿ SHIELD Earth ground

Y¡;

1q

5 REMOVAL AND REPLACE.
MENT PROCEDURES
5.1 BEMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
CAUTION
- Always
unplugged
ensure that unit is
prior to performing any disas-
sembly.
NOTE: When removing connectors or wires
from PC boards, observe and mark their
position. Careful observation will prevent
wire or connector reversal durino re-assem-
bly.
NOTE:The EK10 uses CMOS integrated circuits
and cautton must be taken during mainte-
nance procedures to prevent damage
which can be caused by stat¡c electricity.
An anti-static work surface is recommend-
ed.
5.1.1 Top Enclosure
1, Remove paper compartment cover and
2.
uducr,
Turn the EKlO on its back. Remove two (2)
Phillips head screws, one at the handle and
one at the paper compartment base. Use a
small screwdriver to unlatch the large catch
located beneath the paper compartment.
3. Use a small screwdriver to unlatch the five
(5) remaining catches in sequence. Two are
4.
located by the carrying handle and three
along the left side of the unit.
Once the catches are released, carefully
turn the EK10 upright again. Open the
enclosure by separating the two halves at
the carrying handle.
5. Lay the two halves side by side, taking care
not to oull too hard on the connectors
attached to the LCD module and mem-
brane switches.
6. Re-assemble by carefully aligning the two
halves and snapping them together.
Replace screws.
NOTE: Always ensure that internal wires are
properly routed before snapping enclosure
to
EK 1 0 Ele ctroc ardi og rap h
halves together. Failure to do so may dam-
age the wires.
5.1.2 LCD Module
1. Remove the top enclosure as previously
described.
2. Remove cable connecting the LCD module
to the EK10 PCB.
3. Gently unsnap LCD module from its retainer
posts on the top enclosure and remove.
4. Replace in reverse order.
5.1.3 Writer Assembly
CAUTION:The printhead is susceptible to dam-
age from static electr¡city. An ant¡-stat¡c
work surface is recommended.
1. Remove the top enclosure as previously hr
2.
described.
Release latches on either side of the writer
assembly and carefully slide upwards in
el
3.
slots to access connector.
Remove connector on EKlO PCB atlaching
motor. Remove ground wire attached to
\Fh
writer chassis. Carefuily slide writer assem-
bly upwards out of slots. ftr
4. Disconnect ribbon cable at printhead and
5.
remove writer assembly.
Replace in reverse order.
efi
NOTE: After replacing the writer assembly,
adjustments will be necessary. Fefer to
printhead voltage and motor speed adjust-
F.
ments on page 20.
5.1.4 Battery (optional)
. Use the carrying handle to set the EK10 on
H
1
its side (vertically). Locate the square bat-
q
tery compartment at the lower left corner of
the EK10's back panel.
2. Use a small screwdriver to release the latch
on the battery compartment cover.
3. The battery rests inside the compartment
cover. While holding the cover, gently tip
{
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F**É*;.r
 Service Manual

4.3 CONNECTOR PTNOUTS (CONTTNUED)

Connector Pln# Name D.escription

1 v55 Ground
¿ VDD +5V supply to LCD
3 VD Adjust
4 AO LCD control signal
5 A1 LCD control signal
o E LCD control signal
a,- 1t
l$ LD7-LDO LCD data l¡nes

J6 1-5 KEYBD4.O Keyboard row lines

6 POWER Front panel power switch
7 GND Chassis ground
B-1 1 KEYBDd-a Keyboard column lines
12 SHIELD Earth ground

1q

4*{*á$Áb- '*
 the unit so the weight of the battery causes
lhe cover to drop out of place.
Use a long-nose pliers to disconnect the
battery terminal connector from the PC
board. CAUTION: Pullon the connector, not
the wires themselves.
5. Replace in reverse order.
NOTE: Ensure that battery terminalwires
are properly routed in the compartment
cover. The wires are damaged easily if they
become trapped between the cover and
main assembly,
5.1.5 EK10 PCB
1. Remove the battery as previously
described.
2. Remove the top enclosure as previously
described.
3. Remove the writer assembly as prevíously
described.
4. Unplug connector on EK10 PCB attaching
LCD module.
5. Carefully disconnect cable at EK10 PCB
attaching membrane switch keypad.
o. Lift the EK10 PCB up and out of bottom
enclosure.
7. Replace in reverse order.
NOTE:After replacing the EK10 PCB,
adjustments will be necessary. Refer to
printhead voltage and motor speed
adjustments on page 20
5.1.6 Battery Fuse
The battery fuse is located on the EK10 PCB.
Refer to the previous instructions for EK10 PCB
removal. lf replacement is necessary, use only a
fuse of the same type and rating.
5.1.7 Power Llne Fuses
The oower line fuses are accessible from the
bottom of the EK10. lf reolacement is neces-
sary, use only a fuse of the same type and rat-
ing.
1. Ensure that the unit is unplugged.
2. Turn the EK10 on its back and locate the
fuse access cover at the corner of unit.
3. lnsert a 2.5mm Allen wrench into slot next
to access cover. Gently fwist the wrench to
release latch and remove cover.
4. Replace fuse if necessary and replace
access cover.
17
 EKl 0 Electroca rdiograph l'.

5,2 EXPLODED VIEW

007514 |j-Lead Patient Cable

007958 Thermal ECG PaPer (150ft.) 8625'f 2 Paper ComPartment Cover
C47262 Pwer Cord
833007 Line Fuse
833098 Line Fuse (odd voltage)
8330'f 4 gattery Fuse 862282 Thrust Eearlng
862276 Paper Spool

862330 Top Enclosure w/membrane switch 862269 Platen Roller

I,

n
862332 Paper Drive AssemblY
862302 LCO Module AssemblY
;

iF
F
8626&a EK10 Versbn 2 PCB
F
862300 EK|O Versio¡t I PCB
862523 Bottom Enclosure
F
;

t
862499 Rubber Foot
862514 Fuse Cover

I
86?278
12.5V Nicad Battery
(optional)
862513 Battery Carrier / Cover
t
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I
lr Seruice Manual
lr ffl
i:):/
6 MAINTENANCE
ir 6.1 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
The purpose of preventive maintenance is to
eliminate future problerns as much as possible
Ir and to keep the equipment in good operating
condition. This ensures safe and satisfactory
n ECG recordings.
THE FOLLOWING PREVENTIVE MAINTE-
NANCE CHECKS SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT
AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR:
. Visual insoection
. Cleaning
. Check power cord
. Check patient cable
. Check leakage currents
Simple maintenance routines, normally per-
formed darly or weekly by the user, are
described in the Operating lnstructions. In the
event of a malfunction, refer the repair to an
authorized Burdick Service Representative.
6.1.1 Msual Inspection
Check to see if the EK.10 has been subiected to
extreme mechanlcal stress, such as a heavy
fall, or damage from liquid spills. Check cabinet
for cracks and missing parts. Check thermal
printhead and clean if necessary. lnspect con-
nectors and cords for signs of deterioration.
Check for any signs of abnormal operation.
lf problems are apparent, remove the power
cable and check the following:
. Are mechanical items firmly attached?
. Are all internal electrical connections
firmly attached?
. ls there any sign of burning or other
damage?
6.1.2 Cleaning
The need for cleaning greatly depends on the
environment and frequency of use' The follow-
ing items are required:
. Soft, lint-free cloth
. Polishing cloth
. Distilled water
. Mild detergent solution
. Soft brush
Disconnect the AC power cord before attempt-
ing any cleaning. Clean the housing with a
damo cloth. Do not use abrasive cleaners or
polishes. Wipe dry with a soft, clean cloth. Also,
wipe the paper compartment.
CAUTION:Avoid putt¡ng any liquids such as
alcohol or solvents directly onto the unit.
Contamination from liquids may result in
severe electrical damage.
6.1.3 Power Cable
Check the power cord and appliance inlet for
any visible signs of deterioration, loose connec-
tions, or burn damage.
6.1.4 Patient Cable
Check the patient cable and input connector for
any visible signs of damage or loose connec-
tions. Disconnect the patient cable from the unit
and inspect it for short circuits, broken wires, or
poor contacts by measuring the resistance for
individual electrode leads.
6.2 PRINTHEAD
The thermal array printhead should be kept
clean and free of dirt or other foreign materials
which can adversely affect its performance.
Individual dots or groups of dots which do not
print (particularly at the baseline) are an indica-
tion that the printhead is dirty. Restdue can be
removed effectively by using a small amount of
rubbing alcohol and a lint-free swab. Do not use
abrasives or cleaners which may damage the
printhead.
6.3 BATTERY
The EK10's optional 12.5V Nicad battery is
located in a battery compartment on the bottom
enclosure. Under normal conditions, this battery
19

will provide approximately one hour of continu-
ous service (about 50 ECG recordings in AUTO
mode). Approximately 15 hours are required to
fully recharge the battery.
NOTE: The EK10 can be operated under AC
power without affecting the charge time.
However, if the battery becomes completely
discharged, the unit will not operate even
under AC power.
About once every 6 months, the EK10 should
be allowed to run on battery power until the low
battery indicator (LB) is displayed on the main
menu. Then recharge the unit. This ensures that
the battery will operate at full capac¡ty. Under
normal circumstances, the battery's life
expectancy is 3 - 5 years.
6.4 PRINTHEAD VOLTAGE
ADJUSTMENT
lf a message indicating high or low printhead
resistance is displayed when the EK10 is first
powered up, the printhead voltage needs
adjustment. Since individual printheads vary in
resistance, this adjustment also is necessary
',vhenever the EKlO PCB or printhead has been
replaced. The adjustment should be made as
follows:
1. From the main menu, press front panel keys
V4 and V6 simultaneouslv to enter the Test
& Setup Menu.
2. Select PHR and compare the displayed
value (resistance in ohms) to the value indi-
cated on the printhead. The value on the
printhead is visible when the paper com-
vqr.rre¡rr uuvsr ond paper arg removgd.
^^r+ñ^^+
20
EK 1 0 El e ctrocardiog raph
lf necessary, adiust R109 until the dis-
played value matches the value indicated
on the printhead. A hole in the battery com- ..
partment is provided for access to R109.
+- To terminate the adjustment procedure,
press STOP. Return to the main menu by
selecting RTN.
6.5 PAPER SPEED ADJUSTMENT
This adlustrnent should be performed after
repair or replacement of the EK10 PCB or writer
assembly. lt allows the paper speed to be
adiusted for both 25mmis and 50mm/s.
1. From the main menu, press front panel keys
V4 and VO simultaneouslv to enter the Test
& Setup Menu.
2. Select SPD to display the Speed Adjust
Menu. From this menu. select either
25mm/s or S0mmis.
The writer will print a contlnuous strip of cal-
ibration lines until the STOP key is pressed.
4. At 25mm/s the marks should be Smm apart,
with 25mm between the large tic marks. At
SOmmis they should be 1Omm apart, with
50mm between the large tic marks. The tol-
erance is x.ZA at 1Oomm.
5. lf necessary, adjust R121 for 25mm/s and
R122for SOmm/s until the tic marks are
properly spaced. Holes in the battery com-
partment are provided for access to R121
and R122.
Return to the main menu by selecting RTN.
 r
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II
I Service Manual

ie 6.6 ADJUSTMENT LOCATIONS

l!Fi,
| .i- The following adjustments can be accessed

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írom the battery compartrnent:
A 50mm/s speed adiustment (R122)
-
lü B

C
-
-
25mm/s speed adjustment (R121)
Printhead voltage adjustment (F109)

ll'
Also. refer to sections 8.6 and 8.7 EK10 PCB
Component Diagram for the location of these
comDonents.
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7 THEORY OF OPERATION
7.1 EKl O PCB
Allof the circuitry for the EK10 Electrocardio-
graph is contained on a single printed circuit
board, the EK.l0 PCB. For the purpose of dis-
cussion, the circuitry on this board can be iden-
tified as follows: power supply, amplifier, micro-
processor, keyboard interface, motor control,
orinthead control, and LCD ¡nterface.
7.1.1 Power Supply
The EK.l0 can be operated at line voltages of
120VAC or 24OVAC. Jumpers select the appro-
priate setting. The line voltage is applied to
transformer T1 through fuses F1 andF2 and the
rear panel power switch, S1. An inductor filters
electromagnetic ¡nterference that is radiated
from the power line. The transformer secondary
provides 17VAC to rectifier D1 , The rectifier and
C1 produce an unregulated 23V at the input of
lC1, a voltage regulator. R2 provides a current
path for D3 and D4, which together form a
13.6V reference. CG provides ripple filtering for
the reference during low line voltage conditions.
R6 provides a current path for R2 during very
low line voltage condit¡ons.
The output voltage from lC1 is determined by a
14.2V (t5%) reference at pin A. This voltage
can be reduced when Q2 turns on to control the
battery charge current for BAT1. The battery is
charged through D40, fuse F3, and current
sense resistor R5. Q2 turns on to mainta¡n maxi-
mum charge current to BATl (approximately
100mA)when the voltage across R5 is about
0.6VDC. As BAT.I becomes fully charged, the
voltage across R5 is reduced, and correspond-
ingly the charge current is reduced. D41 pro-
vides a path for battery current when the EK10
is operating on battery power. R3 and C7 pro-
vide output stability for lC1. D40 blocks current
flow from the battery into lC1.
When power is first applied to the EK'l0, C10
and RB provide a power up reset. Q4 and lC3
control the logic switch, Q6. When the front
panel power ON/OFF switch is pressed, 04
turns off . This causes the output of lC3 at pin 13
to go low, turning on logic switch Q6. C12 and
zz
EK 1 0 El e ctrocardiog rap h
R10 debounce the circuit.
Once the logic switch is on, power is available
to ail the circuits at the drain of Q6. The logic
switch can be turned off by pressing the front
panel power ON/OFF switch again, or by the
PWRDWN signal from the microprocessor. In
either case, Q4 is turned off again. This causes
the output of lc3 at pin 13 to return to a high
condition, turn¡ng off the logic switch Q6.
The +5V power supply is generated 6y lCZ,
!
which has an internal oscillator that produces a
+SVDC output through DB, L1 , and C22. R14
and R'f 5 provide the under voltage sensor
input. When the output falls below 4.4V Q3
turns on to produce the strobe inhibit signal,
STRINH. This signal prevents strobe pulses T
from enabling the printhead, lf a strobe error is
I
detected, the STRERR signal turns on Q5 to
force the strobe inhibit.
The isolated power supplies are generated from
lC4, a pulse width modulator. lts output voltage
varies with the input and load to produce unreg-
ulated voltages for three isolated regulators:
lCs, lC6, and 1C45. The logic supply voltage is
I
applied to lC4 at pin 7 and to the isolation
transformer T2 at pin 5. R24 and C'l9 determine
the frequency of the internal oscillators. Pin 6 of
lC4 drives the power FET Q7, which in turn
drives the transformer. R20 and R2.1 provide
base current limiting and ground reference for
I
Q7. R22 is the current sense resistor. R25 and
C1B form a low pass filter for the over current
shut down input at pin 3 of lC4.
I
The output regulation is controlled by feedback
from pins 1 and 4 of T2. D6 and C16 rectify and
{ilter the signal, and provide a DC value to the
load resistor, R19. A divider network is formed
by R17 and R.lB for the feedback voltage
applied to p¡n 2 of lC4. R23 and C17 filter out
high frequency transients on the feedback sig-
nat. C13 and C14 filter the switching suppty.
C15 and R16 form a resonant discharge path
for the primary ol T2via D7.
Pins 7 and 10 of T2 furnish a pulsating vottage
to D11 and C30, which rectify and filter the
input for 1C45. lC45 is a vottage regutator which
provides +5V for the isolated logic circuitry. The
+8.5V isolated suppty is generated by tC5. D9
and C23 rectify and filter the secondary to pro-
vide an unregulated +12V at pin B of lOs. R26
 aod R27 determine the output voltage. C24 and
C25 provide filtering for the +8.5V isolated sup-
ply. The -8.5V isolated supply is the same as
the +8.5V supply except that the ground and
output pins are reversed to yield a negative
voltage.
:|,
7.1.2 Amplifier
n Since the input circu¡try for each patient lead is
the same, only one input is described ¡n detail.
The RA input is current limited by resistor R30
rt and applied to butfer amplifier lC7-D. Diodes
r
D14 and D15 protect against high voltage
defibrillator pulses. Diodes D1 2 and D13 are
connected to each of the lead protection diodes
and províde a current path to the isolated
ground. Capacitor C33 filters out high frequen-
n cies on the input signal. After being buffered,
the limb lead signals pass through a lead
weighting resistor network, RN1, and are
applied to the lead select multiplexers lClO and
n |C11. The chest lead signals are muitiplexed by
tc12.
lC9-B detects when a S-lead patient cable is
attached to the input connector. The cable pro-
ü:; vides continuity between CSA ancj CSB to
:l
cause a high at pin 5, lC9-8. Correspondingly,
a high is produced at the inputs to lC13-8,
lC13-C, and lC13-D. This selects the V.l chest
t
lead independently of lead selector signals B0-
When a lGlead cable is used, signals 80-83
determine which lead group is selected. The
n multiplexer outputs from lC10 and lC1'1 are
applied to the differential amplifier composed of
r lC15-A, lC15-8, and lC'15-D. This amplifier pro-
vides a gain of twenty. C92 and R123 produce
a low frequency response of 0.05H2.
R5B and C45 mute any high frequencies before
the signal is applied to |C16, whlch amplifies
the input by a factor of 50. Transistors Q11 and
Q10 provide a mut¡ng function. C92 discharges
through these transistors when the muting sig-
nal, 84, goes low. The signal is delayed through
lC35-A, lC35-8, and associated components to
cause an additional discharge of C92. This
helps prevent a memory etfect in the capacitor.
Q14, Q15, and associated components drive
the mutino transistors.(Note: Q14, Q15, and
associated components are not present on
boards prior to Rev. D.)
lC34 is the gain select multiplexer. The x2, x1,
andxl12 gain selections are developed across
a resistor divider network consisting of R94,
R96, and R97. Signals 85 and BG determine
which input signal at lC34 will be passed to the
offset amplifier, |C16. Signal 87 causes a cali-
bration pulse by turning on Q9. This results in a
1mV input at the lead select multiplexel IC1 1 .
lC'17 is an B-bit serial analog to digital convert-
er. The CS signal enables the converter to clock
data out to the isolation network. This network
provides the means to interface non-isolated
microprocessor circuitry to the isolated amplifi-
er. Signals are sent across the isolation barrier
with the aid of a modulator clock.
The isolated modulator clock signal, ISOCLK,
runs at 6MHz and is under control from the
microprocessor. ISOCLK provides the modulat-
ing signal to lC24-8, which drives transformer
TB. The output from TB is sensed by lC22-C,
which provides the demodulating clock for
lC22-A,lC22-8, and lC22-D. The signal is also
sent through lC21-A to serve as the modulating
clock for the outout from 1C17. lC21-A drives
the output through T3. This output is sensed by
lC25-D, which provides the demodulating clock
for lC25-A.
When the microprocessor needs data from the
A/D converter (lC'17), the AD/CNTRL signal is
brought low. This control signal is driven across
the isolation barrier to enable lC17 via its CS
line. lt is also applied to IC3GA at pin 6 to dis-
able the ADSCLK signal and to lC39-F to
enable the CTS signal. The CTS signal is driven
through T7 and produces the clock input to
1C17. The data output from lC17 at pin 6 is driv-
en through T4 to provide the ADRXD signal,
When data is to be sent to the control shift reg-
ister (1C19), the AD/CNTRL signal is brought
high. This signal disables lC17 and enables the
clock to lC'19 through lC20-C and |C2O-D. The
clock results from the ADSCLK signal being
enabled at lC36-A when the AD/CNTRL signal
is hígh. When AD/CNTRL is returned to a low
condition, the transition latches data from lc19
into lC1B.
i
l
7.1.3 Microprocessor
lC33 is a NEC7B310 microprocessor which has 4
analog to digital converters, 3 timers, DMA circuitry,
serial l/O, and peripheral interface ports built in. The
microprocessor controls the timing of data acquis-
ition, handles input from the front panel keyboard, and
sends the appropriate output to the LCD and thermal
printhead. A thermister provides temperature
information to the microprocessor, which can shut
down the system if the printhead becomes too warm.
The system clock originates from Y1, a 12MHz
crystal. The signal is buffered by lC39 and lC41
before being applied to the microprocessor. lC29 is
the system ROM, which contains the operating pro-
granr for the microprocessor. lC30 provides tempor-
ary RAM storage for data and processor commands.
lC31 latches address lines A0-A7 when the ALE
signal from the microprocessor is applied at pin 11.
lC2B produces an enable signal for the liquid crystal
display when the appropriate address is presented on
lines A13-A15.
7.1.4 Keyboard Interface
Pull-up resistors in RN3 provide +5V to the keyboard.
Static discharge protection for the microprocessor
port lines, P0-P7, is provided by R85-R93. When a
keyboard switch is pressed, both a column and row
are taken low and applied to the microprocessor. The
four column signals are also sensed by lC38 and
1C39. R105 and CB1 orovide a 1Oms debounce net-
work before the signal is inverted at lC39-A and ap-
plied to the microprocessor's lNT2 line.
7.1.5 Motor Control (Revision F and below)
The paper drive motor can run at either 25mm/sec or
SOmm/sec. lC40 is an analog switch that selects the
speed by grounding pin 1 or 3, depending on the input
at pins 5 and 13. When the SOmm/sec speed is select-
ed, the 50MMi25MM signal is high. lC39-E inverts this
signal to apply a low at pin 13 of 1C40. This closes the
B switch in lC40 to provide a ground for the S0mm/sec
adjustment potentiometer, R122. When the 50MM/
25MM signal is low, the A switch in lC40 is closed to
ground the 25mm/sec adjustment potentiometer,
R121.
lC37 provides the constant speed control. The micro-
processor (1C33) turns the motor on and off via the
PAUSE/RUN signalfrom its P37 line. To turn the mo-
tor on, the signal is brought low and inverted by Q13
24
EKl 0 Electrocardiograph
before being applied to pin 3 of 1C37. A high from P37
causes the motor to stop. Q12 is the motor current
driver, which is driven by the output at pin 6 of 1C37.
R101 provides short cicuit protection.
7.1.5a Motor Control (Revision G)
The paper drive can run at either 2Smm/sec or 50mm/
sec. Field effecttransistors Q17 and Q16 selecteither
the 25mm/sec potentiometer R121 or the S0mm/sec
potentiometer R122,lf the S0mm/sec speed is select-
ed, the 50MM/25MM signalfrom the microprocessor
is high. lC39-E inverts this signal so that the base of
Q20 is driven low and the base of Q19 is driven high.
This in turn causes the gate of Q16 to go high and the
T
base of Q17 to go low. The 50mmlsec potentiometer,
R'122, is thereby selected. lf the 2Smm/sec speed is
F
I
selected, the 50MM/25MM signalgoes low and the
opposite action takes place resulting in Q17 turning
off and Q17 turning on which selects the 2Smm/sec
potentiometer, R121. T
lC37 provides the constant speed control. The micro-
processor (1C33) turns the motor on and off via the q
PAUSE/RUN signalfrom its P37 line. To turn the mo-
tor on, the signal is brought low and inverted by Q13
before being applied to the gate of Q18. When the
gate of Q18 is brought high, Q18 turns on which
grounds pins 3 and 4 of lC37 thereby turning it on. A
il
high from P37 causes the motor to stop.
I
I
7.1.6 Printhead Control
The printhead timing cycle requires the data to be
clocked into the printhead logic and latched in the I
printhead buffer. Data is then strobed onto the ther-
mal array grid. 1
The SCLK and TXD signals from the microprocessor
provide clock and data signals the amplifier/printhead
switch, 1C27. The P13 line on the microorocessor {
(1C33) controls switch selection. When this line is low,
the TXD and SCLK signals are routed through pins 9
and 10 of lC27 to the printhead. When the P13 line is
high, the RXD and TXD lines of the microprocessor
I
are directed to the amplifier circuitry from pins 2 and
3 ot lC27 . R104 provides a ground path to the print-
head when the amplifier circuitry is selected 6y 1C27.
T
The strobe signal is generated by the microprocessor
at P35 and applied to the printhead through R 1 17.
The strobe inhibit signal, STRINH, is connected at
t
R1 17 and inhibits the strobe if a failure is detected.
The strobe signal is also applied to the strobe width
l#+.¡.1;
¡1&r+9, r:'
detector circuitry, which is comprised of lC23 and
lri.rl.:.i.i r'l 1C32. The falling edge of the strobe triggers one-shot
l¡i;.¡1.1:' lC23 and is the D input for flip flop 1C32. lf the strobe
pulse is less than 2.0ms, pín 2 of lC32 is high when
pin 7 of lC23 returns high, and the output at pin 6 of
lC32 remains low. lf the strobe pulse is longer than
2.0ms, pin 2 of lC32 is low when lC23 times out. This
causes pin 6 of lC32 to go high, sending the STRERR
signal to P16 of the microprocessor and to the strobe
inhibit circuitry. A reset signal is applied at pin 1 of
lC32 during power up to ensure that the printhead is
not strobed during this time.

7.1.7 LCD Interface

1C26, 1C43, and lC44 provide the interface between
the microprocessor and the liquid crystal display. The
A1 address line to the LCD is high for read operations
and low for write operations. The A0 address line high
for data and low for the instruction mode. The LDO-
LD7 data lines interface with lC43 during a write.
During a write operation, the output at lC44-8, pin 4,
is high. This signal causes data to be clocked into
1C43. When the output from lC44-B returns low, pin B
of lC26-C goes low to latch the data into the LCD.
The liquid crystal display has an internal controller
and drivers which allow it to operate independently of
the microprocessor when new data is not being writ-
ten to or read from the display.

7.1.8 1V Output (Version 2 only)

This circuitry provides a 1V analog ECG output at pin
1 of the external connector, J1. Pin 7 is ground and
the other pins are not used. The digitized ECG signal
is applied to an B-bit digital{o-analog converter, 1C46,
via data bus lines D0-D7. Current output at lC46 pin 1
is converted to a voltage range of 0 to -5V by lC49-D.
The 2.5V reference supplíed by D4B and associated
components is applied to lC49-C, which shifts the sig-
nal level to -2.5V. Configured as a single-pole 40Hz
filter, lC49-A and associated components smooth the
signal for output. The gain of this output tracks with
the unit gain. The software filter does not affect the 1V
output signal. lC4B and associated components gen-
erate -5V, which is filtered by lC49-B to provide -5V
op amp supplies.

25
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8.1 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC
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8.2 INPUT C¡RCUIT SCHEMAT¡C I

8.2A INPUT C¡RCUIT SCHEMATIC (Rev. D and after) I

8.3 INPUT CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC (continued)

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8.6 , K10 PCB COMPONENT DIAGRAM (prior to Rev. D)

8.7 EK10 PCB COMPONENT DIAGRAM (Rev.D, E and F)

8.8 EK10 PCB COMPONENT DIAGRAM (Rev. G and after)

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