BULLETIN 481 MAY 2003

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Welding Research Council

VVRC

11 bulletin
THE EFFECT OF POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT
AND NOTCH TOUGHNESS ON WELDED JOINTS
AND ON NORMALIZED BASE-METAL PROPERTIES
OF A516 STEEL

Part 1 : The Effect of PWHT on Normalized

Base-metal Properties of ASTM A516 Steel

Ken Orie
Charles R . Roper

Part 2 : The Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on

Notch Toughness of Welded Joints in C-Mn Steels

Elmar Upitis

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 THE EFFECT OF POST WELD HEAT
TREATMENT AND NOTCH TOUGHNESS ON
WELDED JOINTS AND ON NORMALIZED
BASE-METAL PROPERTIES OF A516 STEEL

Part 1
The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-metal Properties of ASTM A516 Steel

Ken One
Charles R . Roper

Part 2
The Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Notch Toughness of Welded Joints
in C-Mn Steels

Elmar Upitis

WRC Bulletin 481 May 2003

Publication of this report is sponsored by

The Pressure Vessel Research Council of the Welding Research Council, Inc.

WELDING RESEARCH COUNCIL, INC.

PO Box 1942
New York, NY 10156
www.forengineers .org
 ISBN No . 1-58145-488-0

Library of Congress
Catalog Card Number : 85-647116

Copyright © 2003 by
Welding Research Council, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Printed in U .S.A.

ii
 CONTENTS

Part 1 : The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal Properties

of ASTM A516 Steel

Abstract 1
1 .0 Introduction 1
2 .0 Program of Work 3
3 .0 Results and Discussion 3
3 .1 The Effects of PWHT on Tensile Strength 10
3.2 The Effects of PWHT on Impact Strength 10
3 .3 Microstructural Evaluations 14
4 .0 Implications 19
4 .1 Predictive Guidelines for Tensile Strength 19
4.2 Predictive Guidelines for Impact Strength 20
4 .3 The Effect of Cooling Rate on PWHT Tests 21
4.4 Material Design Criteria 21
5.0 Conclusions 21
6.0 Acknowledgements 22

Part 2 : The Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Notch Toughness

of Welded Joints in C-Mn Steels

Abstract 23
1 .0 Introduction 23
2 .0 Scope 24
3 .0 Charpy V-Notch Tests 24
4 .0 Hardness Tests 25
5 .0 Discussion 25
5 .1 Base Metal Impact Tests 25
5 .2 Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) Impact Tests 26
5 .3 Weld Metal Impact Tests 27
5.4 Base Metal Hardness Tests 27
5 .5 HAZ Hardness Tests 27
5.6 Weld Metal Hardness Tests 27
6 .0 Conclusions 27
6 .1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Tests 27
6.2 Hardness Tests 28
7 .0 Recommendations 28
8 .0 Acknowledgements 29
9 .0 References 29

iii

Part 1
The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal
Properties of ASTM A516 Steel
Kenneth E . Orie and Charles R . Roper*
Abstract
This report details the investigations conducted by Beth-
lehem-Lukens Plate into the behavior of ASTM A516 Grade
70 steel plate subjected to post-weld heat treatment
(PWHT) . The results and conclusions described herein
have been offered to the Pressure Vessel Research Council
(PVRC) and specifically the Committee on Thermal and
Mechanical Effects on Materials (TME) to complement the
studies it has commissioned . Those studies, conducted
under PVRC Project No . 98-TME-01, were initiated to
characterize the effects of PWHT on hardness and notch
toughness of welded joints . Inherent in the scope of these
efforts was some work on the behavior of the base metal.
However, the reports generated from those studies in-
cluded little definitive discussion on the effects of PWHT
on base metal properties . They further suggested that the
amount of scatter in the limited amount of data made it
difficult to establish trends, especially pertaining to any
parametric analysis such as correlation with Larson-
Miller Parameter (LMP) . 1
The results of earlier internal work by Lukens Steel dem-
onstrated a well-defined correlation between base metal
strength, toughness and time-temperature relationships . 2
Recently, additional investigations have been continued by
Bethlehem-Lukens Plate in an attempt to improve normal-
ized base metal toughness and improve internal guidelines
for predicting properties of post-weld heat-treated material
conforming to A516 Grade 70 . These new data reinforce
previous conclusions that PWHT has a detrimental and
predictable effect on base metal properties that needs to be
considered when evaluating the application of PWHT.
1 .0 Introduction
Normalized ASTM A516/SA516 Grade 70 carbon
steel is the most extensively used material for pres-
*ISG Plate, Coatsville.
1 Upitis, Elmar, The Effect of PWHT on Hardness and Notch Toughness
of Welded Joints, PVRC Project No . 98-TME-01, Committee on Thermal
and Mechanical Effects on Materials, January 2000.
2 Bethlehem-Lukens Plate brochure . Retrieved 2002, from http://
www.bethsteel.com/customers/tech plate.shtml
WRC Bulletin 481
sure vessels in the process vessel market . While
post-weld heat-treatment (PWHT) is not required for
all vessels or all conditions of use, ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Rules are such that many vessels
constructed of carbon steel are for applications requir-
ing PWHT . Following fabrication by welding, PWHT
relieves internal stresses and provides lower hard-
nesses for weld deposits and heat-affected zones (HAZ).
Improvements in HAZ toughness are also cited as a
reason for PWHT . Customarily, the PWHT require-
ment for this grade is 1100°F minimum and typically
1125°F +/— 25°F for 1 hr./in . of wall thickness.
In recent years, fabricators have had to meet more
stringent microhardness levels in the weld HAZ . These
lower hardness requirements are especially prevalent
in the case of vessels in "sour service" or are otherwise
exposed to hydrogen in the aqueous phase . In those
cases, there is concern over environmentally assisted
cracking that can be exacerbated by a hard HAZ . Such
guideline documents as NACE Standard MR0175 3 and
NACE Recommended Practice RPO472 4 call for 22 Rc
and 248 Hv respectively in weld and HAZ 's . As a result,
the trend has been to higher PWHT temperatures and
longer hold times to achieve lower HAZ hardness . In
addition to hardness issues, end-users often require
that an "extra " PWHT cycle be held back for possible
use in the field . This adds yet more time to the accumu-
lated total for the conventionally required PWHT cycle.
Today, requirements for 1175°F for up to 8 hours are
not uncommon . Similar situations arise when P-1 ma-
terials are welded to, or must be PWHT'd with, P-3 or
3 NACE Standard MR0175 (latest revision), "Sulfide Stress Cracking
Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment " (Houston, TX : NACE
International).
4 NACE Recommended Practice RPO472 (latest revision), " Methods and
Controls to Prevent In-Service Environmental Cracking of Carbon Steel
Weldments in Corrosive Petroleum Refining Environments " (Houston, TX:
NACE International).
1

P-4 materials that call for higher minimum PWHT
temperatures.
The deterioration of mechanical properties caused
by PWHT in carbon steels has been well docu-
mented, as has the association of those changes with
time-temperature parameters . 5 As a matter of conve-
nience, and because data seemed to fit, the conven-
tional Larson-Miller Parameter has been used to
compare PWHT cycles . This formula is shown as:
LMP = (T°F + 460)(C + log t) x 10 -4
where C equals 20 and t equals the time held in
hours at temperature . Internal Bethlehem-Lukens
Plate studies detailed the loss of toughness relative
to increasing LMP as being an increase of +15°F in
the 15 ft-lb . transition temperature for each increase
of 1 .0 in LMP number . Loss of yield and tensile
strengths averaged 1 .1 and 1 .7 KSI respectively for
each increase of 1 .0 in LMP number . 6 Upitis summa-
rized a variety of data obtained from Chicago Bridge
& Iron files that included base metal . While not able
to quantify specific correlations as a result of increas-
ing PWHT, this data indicated definite trends to-
ward "lower impact test values (loss of toughness)
with increasing LMP, particularly at LMP 33 .65 and
higher" . 7 Difficulties in analyzing this data came
from the diverse processing variables that could not
really be addressed, particularly the chemistry . When
coupled with normal variability in impact results,
these variables would make specific conclusions im-
possible . Earlier studies by Konkol detailed the ef-
fects of PWHT on A537 Class 1 and showed the
deleterious effects of 1200°F for just 5 hours to be a
45°F shift in the V 20 transition temperature . $
Manufacturers, when assessing their capability of
meeting certain specification requirements, must
take into account the consequences of this deteriora-
tion . One way to do this would be to improve signifi-
cantly the overall level of as-normalized properties,
which would help to offset loss of toughness through
PWHT . Decreasing carbon content and/or carbon
equivalent requirements, typically .40 max using the
IIW formula:
C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/6
are helpful in improving toughness, but have chal-
lenged the ability, especially of thicker plates, to
meet minimum tensile requirements even without
PWHT in the normalized condition . Addition of more
extensive PWHT cycles makes it tougher to meet
these lower CE ' s without the use of microalloy ele-
ments that add further concerns . The relationship
e Gulvin, T .F. et al, "The Influence of Stress Relief on the Properties of C
and C-Mn Pressure-Vessel Plate Steels ", Presented at the West of Scotland
Iron & Steel Institute One Day Conference, May 1972.
6 Bethlehem-Lukens Plate brochure . Retrieved 2002, from http://
www.bethsteel.com/customers/tech_plate.shtml
Upitis, Elmar, The Effect of PWHT on Hardness and Notch Toughness
of Welded Joints, PVRC Project No . 98-THE-01, Committee on Thermal
and Mechanical Effects on Materials, January 2000.
9
Konkol, P .J., "Effects of Long-Time Postweld Heat Treatment on the
Properties of Constructional-Steel Weldments ", Welding Research Council,
WRC Bulletin 330, p . 15 .
2 WRC Bulletin 481
between carbon equivalent and tensile strength of
normalized A516 is shown below:
95
90
85
- 80
75
d 70
65
60
55
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55
Carbon Equivalent (IIW)
UCL •-r- LCL Based on BLP data from over 1400 plates from 1 .5 in. to 3.0
in . thick produced since 1990 . 80% of the total results tall
between the UCL and the LCL.
The data used to generate this relationship for a
variety of thickness ranges was developed from thou-
sands of plates produced at Bethlehem-Lukens Plate
over the past 15 years and represents plates between
1 .5 in . and 3 .0 in . thick.
The use of quenched and tempered (Q+T) mate-
rial provides the advantage of using leaner (lower
CE) chemistry to achieve minimum mechanical prop-
erties while at the same time increasing base metal
toughness . However, the use of Q+T materials has
not met widespread acceptance, most likely because
of a lack of understanding and experience with Q+T
carbon steel but maybe because of slightly higher
perceived cost . Whatever the reason, the preference
for normalized steel has exacerbated the PWHT is-
sues.
Another way to improve performance has been
through the use of more robust chemistries . Though
not all that sophisticated, normalized C-Mn-Si steels
have a variety of possible combinations of chemical
balance that can affect toughness . Obviously the
major influence in the development of improved
toughness for steels like A516 has been the advent of
clean steel technology . 9 Inclusion shape control
coupled with extra-low sulfur levels has improved
upper shelf performance, raised low temperature
energy values, and reduced anisotropy in plate steels
for several decades now . However, despite cleaner,
tougher steels, degradation of particularly tough-
ness due to PWHT remains a serious concern . In
evaluating these steels, one of the factors that has
enabled Bethlehem-Lukens Plate to zero-in on spe-
cific process and chemical controls has been the
virtual elimination of the variable of chemistry previ-
ously alluded to for the earlier Chicago Bridge & Iron
studies described in footnote 7 . The ability to repro-
duce specified aims with precision provides the oppor-
tunity to evaluate sometimes subtle changes and the
effect they have on as-normalized toughness . The
9 Wilson, A .D ., " Clean Steel Technology – Fundamental to the Develop-
ment of High Performance Steels " , American Society for Testing and
Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, 1999.

results of Bethlehem-Lukens Plate's studies into this
effort are beyond the scope of this paper ; however,
while significantly improved toughness over histori-
cal averages was achieved, the detrimental effects of
PWHT remained and furthermore were quantified .'°
Elimination of the chemistry variable by selecting an
optimized chemistry with high as-normalized tough-
ness provided the opportunity to examine the data
purely from the standpoint of degradation due to
PWHT . This report summarizes the findings of that
work.
2 .0 Program of Work
Material for this particular study came from a
specially designed heat of A516-70 melted at Bethle-
hem-Lukens Plate's Coatesville, PA facility to "clean
steel" standards including low sulfur and inclusion
shape control . Plates were rolled to 1 .50" and 3 .00" at
both the 140" mill in Coatesville and the 160" rolling
mill in Burns Harbor, IN . Normalizing was per-
formed at both locations as well to evaluate the
prospect of variability in that operation . Chemistry
of the heat used is shown below . A full characteriza-
tion of the as-normalized properties of those plates
was used as the basis for quantifying the effects of
PWHT in this study .''
ASTM A516-70 Specification and Experimental Heat Chemistry
ASTM Spec C Mn P S Si Cu
(max) (max) (max) (max)
> .5" to 2" 0 .28 0 .85-1 .20 0 .035 0 .035 0 .15-0 .40 0 .40
>2" to 4" 0 .30 0 .85-1 .20 0 .035 0 .035 0 .15-0 .40 0 .40
Exp . Heat 0 .193 1 .15 0 .01 0 .002 0 .32 0 .11
The goal of the original project was to develop
the highest possible toughness along with accept-
able strength for normalized A516-70 steel . The
goal of this particular effort was to study the
effects of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), con-
firm the property degradation, and quantify the
results which were expected to demonstrate tough-
ness improvements in the PWHT condition . As we
will see, this was indeed the case but only as a
direct result of the improved as-normalized condi-
tion.
Using the as-normalized material from the plates
produced for the study referenced in footnote 11,
PWHT regimes were designed to encompass the
usual temperatures seen in service but more impor-
tantly to cover the range of possible time-tempera-
'° Orie, K.E ., and Raschke, A ., Lukens Internal Report 1996.
" Roper, C.R., Orie, K.E ., and Fletcher, F .B ., "A516 Grade 70 with
Improved Toughness", BLP Internal Report, April 2001 .
The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal Properties of ASTM A51 6 Steel
ture parameters that may be encountered . By us-
ing combinations of time at different temperatures,
we were also able to compare similar total parame-
ters that were arrived at from different paths . In
doing so, we would answer the question of which is
more important, `where you are or how you got
there' . Two transverse tensile tests and enough
sets of longitudinal Charpy V-notch tests to charac-
terize transition behavior were made for nine dif-
ferent PWHT conditions . All tests were secured
from the quarterline location of the plate and were
subjected to the PWHT cycles listed in the Tables.
For the Charpy tests, energy and percent ductile
fracture were recorded.
In performing the simulated PWHT cycles, the
study branched out into a side investigation of heat-
ing and cooling rates . The initial PWHT'd tests were
heated and cooled without exacting control of heat-
ing or cooling rates . A preliminary analysis of impact
results revealed inconsistencies that were largely
unexplained. A second complete set of tests was
stress relieved in strict accordance with the maxi-
mum permitted Code heating and cooling rates for
the appropriate thicknesses . The results of all tests
are summarized along with some interesting conclu-
sions.
Ni Cr Mo V Cb Ti Al N
(max) (max) (max) (max) (max) (max)
0 .40 0 .30 0 .012 0 .03 0.02 0 .03
0 .40 0 .30 0 .012 0 .03 0 .02 0 .03
0 .07 0 .21 0 .02 0 .001 0 .001 0 .003 0 .041 0 .0059
Selected specimens representing various PWHT
conditions were chosen for metallographic evalua-
tion to determine the effect of PWHT on microstruc-
ture . Samples were examined in both the optical and
scanning electron microscopes.
3 .0 Results and Discussion
The summarized tensile and Charpy V-notch
(CVN) test data from the slower cooled and Code
maximum cooled tests are shown in Tables I and II
respectively . All Charpy data is presented in Tables
III through VI . The slow cool data in Table I is
incomplete since slow cooling after PWHT was
stopped when the significance of the cooling rate was
recognized . Primary focus was placed on the Code
cooled 1 .5" and 3 .0" plates . Each thickness studied
was arranged in order of increasing LMP (and thus
increasing severity of PWHT) in these Tables . Ten-
sile and CVN results from all plates in Tables I
through VI indicate tensile strength decreased and
3


Table I-Mechanical Properties of Heat R4031

A516-70 Normalized + PWHT with Slower than Code Max Cooling Rates and Lower Cutoff Temperature*
--- -

Charpy V-Notch Toughness Properties

SR Time Heat rate Cool rate Cutoff Transition Temperatures Upper Shelf
Thick ._ LMP Tern at Temp . above 800E above 800E Temp. Y .S . T .S . Elong . R .A . 15 ft-lb 35 ft-lb .@
METT _50% Shear En .-50F ' Energy(USE) Min .T . LST)
(in.) (F) (hrs .) (F/hr) ( F/hr) (F) (ksi) (ksi) (% in 2 " ) (%) (F) ~F) (F) (F) (ft-lbs) (ft-lbs) (F)

1 .5 As-Norm . Code Max 267 333 800 51 .4 77 .8 31 73 -125 -110 -40 -25 97/70 206 0
31 .70 1125 1 390 217 670 49 .5 76 .4 31 71 -70 -55 -10 0 47/21 194 +40
32 .70 1175 1 312 94 230 50 .4 75 31 71 -70 -45 +10 +15 16/13 214 +50
33 .13 1125 8 780
33 .61 1125 16 203 98 710 51 .3 74 .6 31 70 -60 -50 0 +10 28/9 214 +50 _
33 .70 1225 1 386 157 740 50 .8 74 .5 31 72 -60 -45 0 0 31/9 207 +40
34 .18 1175 8
34 .67 1175 16 288 94 725 49 71 .7 32 73 -45 -35 +20 +25 13/9 239 +60
35 .22 1225 8
35 .73 1225 16 48.5 70 .2 32 73 -45 -20 +35 +35 8/6 240 +60

3 .0 As-Norm . Code Max 133 166 800 47 .7 76 .2 29 72 -100 -70 -25 -10 70/61 203 +10
31 .70 1125 1 217 65 510 47 .2 75 .6 31 72 -90 -60 +5 +10 64/47 204 +50
32 .70 1175 1 375 129 760 47 .9 75 .1 31 72 -65 -45 0 +10 38/31 193 +60
33 .13 1125 8
33 .61 1125 16
33 .70 1225 1 354 170 775 47 .2 73 .9 31 72 -65 -40 +20 +30 24/21 224 +60
34 .18 1175 8 _
34 .67 1175 16
35 .22 1225 8 - -_ _
35 .73 1225 16

* ASME Code cutoff temperature 800F, heating rate 400F/T, cooling rate 500/T


Table II-Mechanical Properties of Heat R4031

A516-70 Normalized + PWHT with Code Maximum Cooling Rates and Cutoff Temperature*

Charpy V-Notch Toughness Properties

SR Time Heat rate Cool rate Cutoff Transition Temperatures I Upper Shelf
Thick . LMP Temp ._ at Temp . above 800F above 800F Temp . Y .S . T .S . Elonq . R .A . 15 ft-lb 35 ft-lb METT 50% Shear En .@-50F* Ener USE Min .T .(LST)
(in .) (°F) (hrs .) ~-(F
e /h r) -(Fe /hr) (°F) (ksi) (ksi) (% in 2 " ) g T 77 (F) (ft-lbs) s) (F)

1 .5 As-Norm . Code Max 267 333 800 51 .4 77 .8 31 73 -125 -110 -40 -25 97/70 206 0
31 .70 1125 1 256 310 800 51 .7 76 .3 31 73 -105 -85 -30 -15 83/73 219 +20
32 .70 1175 1 243 321 790 49 .8 75 .0 32 72 -75 -65 -15 -10 60/41 217 +30
33 .13 1125 8 246 340 800 50 .3 75 .2 29 72 -75 -65 -25 -15 65/38 191 +20
33 .61 1125 16 250 325 800 49 .7 74 .7 30 72 -70 -50 0 +5 34/30 228 +40
_ 33 .70 1225 1 260 348 800 49 .5 74 .5 30 71 -70 _-55 -5 -5 42/10 231 +30
34 .18 1175 8 247 329 800 49 .3 73 .8 31 72 -70 -50 -5 +10 40/36 236 +20
34 .67 1175 16 198 332 800 48 .6 71 .2 31 73 -50 -30 +5 +15 16/14 229 +40
35 .22 1225 8 247 312 800 50 .4 72 .6 34 73 -40 -30 -5 +10 21/11 233 +20
35 .73 1225 16 250 333 800 47 .1 70 .8 31 73 -50 -30 +15 +15 13/12 237 +50

3 .0 As-Norm. Code Max 133 166 800 47 .7 76 .2 29 72 -100 -70 -25 -10 70/61 203 +10
31 .70 1125 1 122 160 795 47 .7 76 .2 29 71 -85 -70 -20 -10 58/49 176 +30
32 .70 1175 1 125 164 795 49 .8 75 .0 30 70 -65 -60 +10 50/43
33 .13 1125 8 123 160 800 48 .2 74 .0 29 73 -70 -50 -5 +10 46/22 201 +40
33 .61 1125 16 123 161 800 48 .7 73 .4 29 71 -60 -50 +10 +10 45/40 200 +40
33 .70 1225 1 125 160 795 52 .1 73 .7 32 71 -55 -45 +15 +15 20/13 201 +40
34 .18 1175 8 127 159 795 51 .3 72 .1 33 71 -65 -40 +20 +20 22/8 222 +50
34 .67 1175 16 128 171 800 47 .8 71 .6 27 73 -50 -35 +15 +25 13/11 240 +40
35 .22 1225 8 126 158 800 51 .2 71 .0 33 72 -30 -15 +40 +35 7/4 223 +60
35 .73 1225 16 127 163 800 47 .2 70 .5 30 72 -30 -10 +30 +35 1 /1 240 +60

ASME Code cutoff temperature 800F, heating rate 400F/T, cooling rate 500/T 1

cn


rn

Table III—Longitudinal CVN Data from A516-70 Heat R4031 Slower Cooled 1 .5" Thick Plate

CVN Test LMP 31 .70 LMP 32 .70 LMP 33 .13 LMP 33.61 LMP 33 .70 LMP 34.18 LMP 34 .67 LMP 35 .22 LMP 35 .73
Temp . (F) As-Norm . 1125F-1hr 1175F-1hr 1125F-8hr 1125F-16hr 1225F-1hr 1175F-8hr 1175F-16hr 1225F-8hr 1225F-16hr
ft-lbs %Duct, ft-lbs %Duct . ft-lbs %Duct . ft-lbs %Duct. ft-lbs %Duct . ft-lbs %Duct . ft-lbs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct. ft-lbs %Duct . ft-lbs %Duct.
60 226 100 215 100 240 100 240 100
215 100 235 100 240 100
200 100 211 100 240 100
40 180 100 215 100 144 70 218 100 112 44 108 44
208 100 152 72 211 100 98 38 100 38
123 66 240 100 125 55
20 122 60 136 61 101 44 112 50 97 41 91 31
125 60 94 45 216 100 195 100 101 44 92 33
240 100 114 44
0 216 100 120 60 68 33 92 38 108 48 74 27 77 29
192 100 105 44 96 40 86 38 108 48 77 27 86 31
211 100 101 42 51 19 79 29
-20 84 35 86 35 20 12 79 27 59 23 37 11 17 9
139 64 84 35 82 31 82 35 83 33 45 11 48 12
116 49 100 141 90 38 64 17 36 10
-30 44 14 36 11 8 6
65 20 60 15 10 6
47 9 43 9
65 20 63 15
-40 131 47 33 11 13 8 65 23 32 8 22 6 11 5
102 37 97 37 73 28 49 12 40 12 21 6 12 6
126 47 79 30 73 28 52 12 33 8 14 6 33 9
-50 70 27 62 18 13 8 14 6 45 12 17 6 6 3
109 44 21 8 16 6 62 18 53 12 12 6 8 6
113 46 60 18 18 6 9 8 32 8 9 4 10 6
41 11 16 6
53 15 9 6
-60 80 25 12 5 49 11 19 6 11 5
61 15 31 8 27 6 12 5 11 3
105 34 13 5 11 5 23 8
-70 9 3
17 6
-80 77 19 20 5 12 3 6 0 6 0
74 19 9 2 9 3 7 0 6 0
59 12 11 2 5 0
-100 56 9 5 0
9 2 8 0
52 6
-120 46 6
14 2
19 2
 Table IV—Longitudinal CVN Data from A516-70 Heat R4031 Code Maximum Cooled 1 .5" Thick Plate

CVN Test LMP 31 .70 LMP 32 .70 LMP 33 .13 LMP 33 .61 LMP 33 .70 LMP 34 .18 LMP 34 .67 LMP 35 .22 LMP 35 .73
Temp . (F) As-Norm . 1125F-1hr 1175F-1hr 1125F-8hr 1125F-16hr 1225F-1hr 1175F-8hr 1175F-16hr 1225F-8hr 1225F-16hr
ft-Ibs ft-Ibs %Duct. ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct. ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct. ft-Ibs %Duct.
ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct . %Duct .
225 100 229 100
75
227 100
220 100
231 100 238 100 232 100 240 100 240 100
40
223 100 232 100 231 100 235 100 124 59
233 100

222 100 105 49 180 100 120 52 231 100 234 100 240 100
20
238 100 213 100 196 100 126 55 240 100 240 100 238 100
240 100 240 100 116 49
90 44 204 100 230 100 69 33 116 44 55 28 76 31 95 34
0 216 100 116 47
100 98 41 110 55 99 44 82 32 100 42 95 40 83 35 122 40 86 34
192
90 38 108 42 221 100 70 29 91 41 77 34 78 34
211 100 205 100 199 100
63 28
-10
79 31
43 185 100 60 27 70 26 78 33 66 28 89 24 42 23
-20 84 35 103 39 101
64 120 44 85 30 76 31 71 29 95 29 84 35 33 19 59 25 40 23
139
49 192 100 98 41 72 29 77 29 93 29 71 33 62 26 66 30 63 30
116
68 25 62 19 69 27 65 21 29 17
-30
92 37 82 29 61 27 60 21 46 20
19 17

131 47 81 27 66 29 45 20 37 15 13 13 54 23 19 16 15 2 21 15
-40
68 26 77 30 41 15 49 19 49 20 10 11 11 11 18 14
102 37 82 27
126 47 105 31 80 32 82 27 48 15 70 27 60 26 25 14 39 16 49 20

70 27 87 27 41 18 66 21 41 15 44 10 46 20 19 11 40 14 14 15
-50
73 19 64 21 38 14 30 15 70 20 36 20 14 8 12 11 13 11
109 44
113 46 88 27 74 24 91 28 30 15 10 5 39 20 15 10 11 11 12 11
65 15
26 8
39 11
80 25 55 12 39 14 51 12 19 11 65 15 29 17 8 0 15 8
-60
61 15 65 15 20 14 46 12 40 15 16 8 4 11 2 0 7 6

105 34 83 25 59 23 44 12 11 6 13 6 14 16 7 6

-70 32 14 30 6
11 8 32 8
22 11
-80 77 19 74 19 10 6 10 3 10 5 6 3 5 6
74 19 58 12 14 6 8 3 8 3 8 3 12 8
59 12 19 6 8 6 14 3 9 3 3 0 14 9
-100 56 9 6 2
9 2 3 0
52 6 50 10
-120 46 6
14 2
19 2


oo

Table V—Longitudinal CVN Data from A516-70 Heat R4031 Slower Cooled 3 .0" Thick Plate

CVN Test LMP 31 .70 LMP 32 .70 LMP 33 .13 LMP 33 .61 LMP 33 .70 LMP 34 .18 LMP 34 .67 LMP 35 .22 LMP 35 .73
Temp . (F) As-Norm . 1125F-1hr 1175F-1hr 1125F-8hr 1125F-16hr 1225F-1hr 1175F-8hr 1175F-16hr 1225F-8hr 1225F-16hr
f t-Ibs ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct. ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct. ft-Ibs %Duct, ft-Ibs %Duct. ft-Ibs %Duct ., %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct.
221 100 191 100 230 100
60
240 100 211 100 237 100
203 100 207 100
40 197 100 216 100 196 100 109 50
142 70 144 70 130 60 222 100
195 100 191 100 111 50
20 . 191 100 119 60 173 100 75 20
205 100 131 65 113 45 115 45
193 100
0 183 100 104 40 98 45 68 25
120 55 92 35 78 35 91 35
170 100
-20 90 30 77 30 69 30 56 15
94 32 85 25 40 15 84 20
84 30 65 20 46 7
-40 96 31 70 20 23 7 32 5
62 20 39 10 46 15 25 5
89 25 51 10 62 10
-50 79 22 75 22 31 9 23 8
61 15 70 22 37 9 28 8
47 16 45 12 21 6
-60 50 9 39 10 8 5 19 5
52 9 24 5 28 5 22 5
27 6 13 5 15 3
-70 5 3
39 10
-80 6 0 44 10 6 1 9 2
20 9 13 4 7 2 7 3
13 3
-90 24 4
15 2
-100 27 3 7 1
7 0 11 1


Table VI—Longitudinal CVN Data from A516-70 Heat R4031 Code Maximum Cooled 3 .0" Thick Plate

CVN Test LMP 31 .70 LMP 32 .70 LMP 33 .13 LMP 33 .61 LMP 33 .70 LMP 34 .18 LMP 34 .67 LMP 35 .22 LMP 35 .73
Temp . (F) As-Norm . 1125F-1hr 1175F-1hr 1125F-8hr 1125F-16hr 1225F-1hr 1175F-8hr 1175F-16hr 1225F-8hr 1225F-16hr
fl-Is fHbs %Duct. ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-Ibs %Duct . ft-IA %Duct. ft-lbs %Duct . ft-lbs %Duct.
ft-Ibs %Duct. ft-Ibs %Duct . %Duct .
221 224 100 240 100 216 100 240 100
60 100
219 100 240 100 229 100 240 100
240 100
240 100
203 100
185 100 194 100 214 100 125 47 240 100 130 55 105 35
40 197 100
142 219 100 206 100 189 100 191 100 96 44 240 100
70
195 100 100 35
121 60 139 72 99 48 130 63 87 38 95 46 95 31
20 191 100 112 55
205 127 57 122 65 111 57 113 56 111 47 75 36 87 31
100
193 87 31
100
173 100 105 44 80 30 96 47 76 38 92 32 90 29 54 31 45 22
0 183 100
120 55 179 100 112 49 98 40 96 47 82 38 76 29 91 29 64 33 66 27
170 100 118 55 107 44 200 100 96 47 66 33 68 27 89 29 71 34 54 23
-10 79 33 57 19 45 12
70 20 49 19 16 6
41 17 68 19
-20 90 30 100 43 73 30 74 25 72 15 64 23 42 14 52 14 15 14 9 6

94 32 78 32 47 17 75 25 82 30 59 23 49 14 75 19 35 18 29 14
84 30 84 35 100 35 86 30 64 20 82 33 67 24 61 21 15 14 16 10
-30 46 10 55 15 45 12 50 15 52 19 13 11 4 2
72 20 56 15 54 15 44 15 60 20 14 11 16 8
54 15 44 15 28 15 16 8
-40 96 31 65 24 72 24 49 10 64 20 51 24 55 10 30 11 12 6 7 2
62 20 99 41 55 18 64 12 20 8 47 18 34 8 17 6 11 6 6 2
89 25 66 27 63 20 17 8 14 6 16 8 30 8 23 9 10 6 4 2

-50 79 22 59 15 56 17 22 5 45 10 32 10 14 5 13 6 4 0
61 15 66 20 43 12 45 8 40 8 13 5 8 3 11 6 6 3
49 10 72 15 51 12 15 5 43 10 14 6 10 6
-60 50 9 41 8 35 8 35 8 31 6 18 3 19 5 9 3
52 9 68 20 61 18 13 3 7 3 6 3 11 3 7 3
27 6 51 15 41 8 14 3 12 3 15 3 18 5 9 3
-70 30 6 10 3
45 8 10 3
-80 6 0 9 3 12 2 22 5 12 0 7 0 7 0
20 9 11 3 3 0 8 2 6 0 11 0 7 0
39 8 2 0 5 0 5 0
-90 4 0
20 4
-100 27 3
7 0

CVN transition temperatures increased with increasing
LMP . CVN Energy at -50°F showed considerable reduc-
tion with increasing LMP. This deterioration is demon-
strated as a function of LMP in the following figures.
3 .1 The Effects of PWHT on Tensile Strength
Figure 1 portrays the effect of increasing LMP on
tensile strength for both slower and Code maximum
cooled 1 .5" thick plates from the test heat . Tensile
strength drops continuously from near 78 KSI in the
as-normalized condition to just about 70 KSI over
the range of PWHT's studied . There was no signifi-
cant difference in tensile strength between the two
PWHT cooling rates . Figure 2 shows the same situa-
tion for the 3 .0" thick plate that started with slightly
lower (76 KSI) as-normalized tensile strength . Fig-
ure 3 translates those data into the average percent-
age decrease in tensile strength with increasing LMP
for both thicknesses . It should be mentioned here
that this investigation has not ignored the effects on
yield strength . Given the specification minimum,
yield strengths for A516 are generally not challenged
and it is always the tensile strength that has been
the limiting factor, especially with the lower CE's .
80
78
76
Cl)
Y
70
Spec. Min.
68 I
1 I 1 I 1 I 1 I
31 .5 32 .5
Larson Miller Parameter (LMP)
Fig . 1—Effect of PWHT on A516-70 Tensile Strength—Heat R4031—1 .5 Inch Gage
10 WRC Bulletin 481
Yield strength in this study was affected very little
with increasing LMP as seen in Tables I and II.
3 .2 The Effects of PWHT on Impact Strength
The effect of LMP on CVN toughness is shown in
Figures 4 and 5 for tests with PWHT adhering to the
Code heating and cooling rates above 800°F . Figure 4
compares complete transition curves for 1 .5" thick plate
in the following conditions : as-normalized, lowest LMP
of 31 .70 (1125°F — 1 hr.), mid LMP of 33 .13 (1225°F — 1
hr .) and highest LMP of 35 .73 (1225°F — 16 hrs .) . These
curves shifted toward higher temperatures with in-
creasing PWHT time-temperature . Based on the change
in mid-energy transition temperature (METT) seen in
Table II, the shift from the as-normalized value to the
highest LMP condition is +65°F . The change in 35 ft-lb
transition temperature as a function of increasing LMP
is demonstrated in Figure 5 for both 1 .5" and 3 .0"
plates . This temperature is increased by +80°F and
+60°F respectively, again demonstrating the profound
effect of PWHT on toughness . An estimation of the
cumulative effects of time-temperature on the 35 ft-lb
transition temperature is an increase of approximately
14°F for each 1 .0 increase in LMP.
80
t
Coolina fromPWHT
q Slower
o Code max. 78
76
74
72
70
1225F
16 hrs
68
33 .5 34 .5 35 .5


80 80

Coolina from PWHT

q Slower

78 78
O Code max .

Normalized
1125F
Condition 1 hr

O
76

74

U)
C
a)
i— 72 72

70 70
Spec . Min .

68 68
31 .5 32 .5 33 .5 34 .5 35 .5
Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP)
Fig . 2—Effect of PWHT on A516-70 Tensile Strength—Heat R4031—3 .0 Inch Gage

The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal Properties of ASTMA516 Steel 11



10 1225F
10
16 hrs
Heat R4031
q 1 .5 Inch Gage

9 9
o 3 .0 Inch Gage
1175F
16 bra
8 8

7 7

6 6
1225F
8hrs

5 5

1175F
4 1 hr 4

3 3
1225F
1 hr
2 2
o
1 1

I 1 l I 1 I I 1
31 32 33 34 35 36
Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP)
Fig . 3—% Decrease in Normalized Tensile Strength with Increasing PWHT

12 WRC Bulletin 481



240 240
LMP 31 .70

220 Steel Condition 220

As-Normalized
SR 1125F-1hr

200 ———— SR 1225F-1hr LMP 33 .70 LMP 35 .73 200

- - SR 1225E-16hrs
/ /
180 / 180
/

160 /
160

140 140
/

120 120

100 100

80 80

60 60
/
/
40 40

20 / 20

0 1 r l l l l l l l l I, 0
-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60
Test Temperature (F)
Fig . 4—Effect of PWHT on A516-70 CVN Toughness—Heat R4031-1 .5 Inch Gage

The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal Properties ofASTMA516 Steel 13


0 0
Plate Gaae
q 1 .5 Inches
-20
0 3.0 Inches
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120 I l
31 .5
Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP)
Fig . 5—Effect of PWHT on CVN 35 ft-lb Transition Temperature—Heat R4031
The anomalies in toughness created by the inciden-
tal differences in cooling rates on the originally PWHT
tests are first shown in Figure 6 . Depicted as the effect
on the 35 ft-lb transition temperature, the differences
in cooling rates don't seem to matter much when the
PWHT cycles are more aggressive (greater than the
equivalent of 1125°F for 16 hrs . equal to LMP 33 .61).
However, when PWHT cycles are more in line with
conventional times and temperatures, the effects of
varying cooling rates was a rather dramatic 30°F higher
when much slower rates than Code would allow were
used . The effect on CVN energy at -50°F is shown in
Figure 7 and is similar . In this case, the energy of the
1 .5" thick plate cooled to the exact 500°F/T require-
ment of the Code (UCS-56), and taken out of the
furnace at 800°F, is nearly double that of a similar test
cooled at the equivalent of 325°F/T but taken out of the
furnace at 670°F. Results were even more dramatic
when tests were allowed to cool at less than 100°F/hr.
and left to furnace cool well below the 800°F cut-off
temperature . Again, the differences were minor at
LMP's of 33 .5 or greater . This observation would sug-
gest that subtle differences in cooling rates of PWHT
tests could have a dramatic effect on resulting proper-
ties . The implication to field PWHT cycles is obvious.
As stated, the evaluation of this phenomenon was not
14
12z5F
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
I -120
32 .5 33 .5 34 .5 35 .5
part of the original design of the program . Based on
these observations, one could conclude that additional
work is warranted.
3.3 Microstructural Evaluations
Microstructural examinations conducted on sev-
eral plates from this program attempted to find the
cause of strength and toughness degradation with
increasing LMP and the slower cooling rates from
PWHT . Figure 8 shows the microstructure in the
as-normalized condition . Ferrite grain size for the
1 .5" and 3 .0" plates were 9 .5 and 9 .0 respectively . A
slightly finer grain size in the thinner plate was
typical due to faster cooling rates during normaliz-
ing (thickness effect) . Ferrite grain boundaries in
both thicknesses contained a few, very thin and
sometimes elongated carbide particles, as well as
some very small pearlite colonies at the grain bound-
ary junctions . PWHT of this base microstructure
tended to thicken grain boundary carbides and begin
spherodization of pearlite as seen in Figure 9 (a . and
b .) . The identically treated, but slower cooled mate-
rial in Figure 9 (c . and d .) may have slightly thicker
carbide particles in grain boundaries but this is not
clear. The microstructure of the most severe PWHT
test material is shown in Figure 10 . Additional
WRC Bulletin 481


1225F
16 hrs
-20
-20 1225F
1175F 8 hrs , -
16hrs ~

0 ~O O

1175F 1125E -40

-40 1 hr 16 hrs

1125F
1 hr 0

q _ 0 1175F
8 hrs
-60
-60 1225F
1 hr

1125F
8 hrs

-80
-80

Cooling from PWHT

q Slower -100
-100

0 Code Max .

Normalized

-120
-120
31 .5 32 .5 33 .5 34 .5 35 .5
Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP)
Fig . 6—Effect of Cooling from PWHT on CVN 35 ft-lb Transition Temperature—1 .5 Inch Gage

The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal Properties ofASTMA516 Steel 15



Normalized
100 100
Coolina from PWHT
q Slower

O Code Max.

80

60
Cu
a)
a)
W
40 40
Z

20 20

1175F
16 hre

1 ~ 1 ~ I ~ I
0
31 .5 32 .5 33 .5 34 .5 35 .5
Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP)
Fig . 7—Effect of Cooling from PWHT on CVN Energy at -50F

16 WRC Bulletin 481



a) 1000X 1-112" thick plate with ferrite grain b) 1000X 3" thick plate with ferrite grain
size number 9.5 size number 9.0

c) 2000X A few thin carbides in grain

boundaries
Fig . 8—Microstructure of High Toughness Heat R4031 in the As-Normalized Condition (Optical and SEM Micrographs).

The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal Properties ofASTMA516 Steel 17



a) 1000X — Code cooled b) 2100X — same as a) — carbide thickening in

grain boundaries.

c) 1000X Slow cooled

d) 2100X — same as c) — carbide thickening in
grain boundaries.
Fig . 9—Microstructure of Heat R4031 1-1/2" Thick Plate PWHT at 1175°F 1 Hr . Code and Slow Cooled

18 WRC Bulletin 481


a) 1000X Partial spheroidization and
coalescence
Fig . 10—Microstructure of Heat R4031, 1-1/2" Thick Plate PWHT at 1225°F—16 Hr . Code Cooled
spherodization and coalescence of carbide in pearlite
colonies has occurred, particularly small colonies at
or near triple points in ferrite grain boundaries . This
carbide coalescence resulted in thicker carbides in
ferrite grain boundaries . Therefore, the deteriora-
tion of properties tended to parallel the growth (and
especially thickening) of grain boundary carbides
and spherodization of the pearlite.
4 .0 Implications
Around 1996, Haney and Rynn 12 evaluated data
from over a hundred plates varying in thickness and
composition but generally similar to A516 material
furnished to Fluor Daniel Canada applications . Their
approach was to provide a set of guidelines for assess-
ing a material's ability to achieve specific require-
ments when faced with aggressive PWHT cycles.
They based their evaluations on carbon content,
carbon equivalent and PWHT temperature . Not sur-
prising, their research concluded that there was
deterioration in base metal properties as a direct
result of exposure to extended PWHT cycles and that
in instances of aggressive requirements, quenched
and tempered material might be more appropriate.
But they went further to suggest a methodology for
estimating those effects and to solicit a call to steel
producers to verify their data further. The study
reported here was, in part, generated to provide
Bethlehem-Lukens Plate 's answer to that call.
Again, given that the material used in the study
presented here represents one state-of-the-art heat
of steel, the effects of time-temperature can be deter-
mined on one uniform material rather than a collec-
12 Haney, F and Rynn, M, "Prediction of Low Carbon Steel Hardness,
Impact and Tensile Properties Affected by Elevated Post Weld Heat Treat-
ment Temperatures and Additional Heat Cycles " , Internal Report, Fluor
Daniel Canada, Inc ., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 1996 .
The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal Properties ofASTMA516 Steel
b) 2100X 1-1/2" — Additional coalescence of
grain boundary carbides producing the
thickest grain boundary carbides observed.
tion of more variable steels . Therefore a more concise
set of "prediction" guidelines can be developed that
are tailored to this steel.
4.1 Predictive Guidelines for Tensile Strength
Based on the chart in the introduction, the correla-
tion with tensile strength and carbon equivalent for
a given thickness is a straightforward matter of CE
for normalized plain C-Mn steel plate . Choice of an
allowable maximum CE for a given thickness be-
comes a matter of the degree of risk one is comfort-
able with in achieving the minimum strength of the
specification given the amount of variability from
the average value . The UCL and LCL in the illustra-
tion are based on 80% of the results falling between
these values . In other words, 10% of the data lie
below the LCL . More (or less) risk becomes a func-
tion of how wide that field is based on a database.
From there the decline in properties as a function of
increased PWHT can be expressed in two ways.
Either as a percentage of loss of original strength as
shown in Figure 3, or as a function of the amount of
added chemistry (CE) that is required to "adjust " for
that decline . For the results of this study, loss of
original tensile strength was in the range of 8–10%
depending on thickness . To determine what adjust-
ment might have to be made in carbon equivalent to
compensate for loss of tensile strength, Table VII
was developed to provide internal guidance at Beth-
lehem-Lukens Plate for assigning the proper chemi-
cal balance for A516 orders . This table is simply a
matrix that converts the percent loss of strength due
to PWHT and the known relationship between CE
and tensile strength to the amount of additional
chemistry (CE) to compensate for the loss.
As an example, assuming that each 0 .01 increase
in CE is worth approximately 1 KSI in tensile
strength, with a PWHT cycle of 1125°F for 8 hours,
19
 Table VII-Guidelines for Adjusting CE Requirements demonstrates the effects at -50°F . Graphs at other
Due to the Effects of PWHT temperatures can similarly be drawn ; however, for
Hours of PWHT the purposes of this paper, this chart is the most
TEMP (F) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
graphic as it depicts the effects at one of the most
1125 0.010 0.013 0.016 0.019 0.022 0 .025 0.028 0.030 common test temperatures . Translated into percent
0.018 0 .021 0 .024 0 .027 0 .030 0 .033
loss, rather than as a shift as discussed in the last
1150 0 .036 0 .338
section, Figure 11 illustrates clearly that an aggres-
1175 0.026 0.029 0 .032 0.035 0.038 0.041 0 .044 0.046 sive cycle of 1175°F for 8 hrs . reduces as-normalized
1200 0 .034 0 .037 0 .040 0 .043 0 .041 0 .049 0 .05 Mks toughness by as much as 70% . Clearly this drop
needs to be accounted for when designing the appro-
1225 0 .042 0.045 0.048 0 .051 0 .049 0.057 0.060 0062
priate mix of steel chemistry and processing . As
1250 0050 0.053 0 .056 0 .059 0 .065 0 .065 0.068 stated, this drop is greatest for lower test tempera-
tures where lower energy values exist . Using the 100
ft .-lb . level, the shift from as-normalized toughness
to that found at LMP of 35 .73 is approximately 50°F.
For the 35 ft .-lb . level, the shift is approximately
one would have to add .03 points to whatever maxi- 80°F, or 30°F more severe . This study found that
mum CE value was required in order to maintain there was some commonality with this shift within
properties . Said another way, if the as-normalized four temperature ranges : -40°F and less, -39°F to
best-can-do requirement was for a .40 max CE, the -20°F, -19°F to +20°F, and above +20°F . In other
designer should expect the same results with a .43 words, to predict how much deterioration would oc-
max CE after PWHT. cur, one would not have to differentiate between
4 .2 Predictive Guidelines for Impact Strength impact test temperatures of -40°F and -50°F, but
Generating guidelines for estimating the deteriora- would between -40°F and +32°F where the loss or
tion of toughness with increasing stress relief (or shift would not be as much.
PWHT) as measured by impact strength is less Placed into tabular form, a more simplistic way of
straightforward than tensile strength . The effect of presenting this predicted loss of toughness is shown
actual cooling rate aside, the results of this investiga- in Table VIII that introduces the concept of Impact
tion have shown that the degradation from original Test Multipliers . These are multipliers that convert
as-normalized values becomes dependent somewhat the required impact values after PWHT to the values
on thickness, but more importantly the actual test needed before PWHT in order to meet them . In other
temperature . The curves in Figure 4 illustrate that words, using the data in Table VIII that is for test
for a given energy level, the shift in temperature is temperatures of -40°F or below, a stress relief cycle
greater near the lower shelf (and consequently lower of 1175°F for only 4 hrs . requires that the starting
temperatures) . This is consistent with other sepa- CVN values be 2 .5 times the minimum requirement
rate studies generated by Bethlehem-Lukens Plate to insure meeting the specification . These multipli-
over the years. ers are somewhat conservative as, in this case, they
Following the Haney - Rynn philosophy, a new set are intended to represent guidelines for a specific
of curves depicting the departure from (loss of) origi- manufacturer to minimize failures . However, the
nal as-normalized toughness at a given temperature general trend in toughness deterioration with in-
can be drawn and are shown in Figure 11 which creasing LMP illustrated in Figure 11 can be used as

100

80

60

40

20
1125F- 2 hrs 175F- 8 hrs
0 IY
32
Larson-Miller Parameter
Fig . 11-The Effects of PWHT on Impact Properties of Normalized A516 Steel LMP vs . Percent of
Original Energy @-50°F

20 WRC Bulletin 481



Table VIII—PWHT Impact Test Requirement Multipliers for Normalized Carbon Steel
(Test Temperatures -40°F and Below)

PWHT Time(hrs)

Temp (F) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1125 1 .25 1 .25 1 .25 1 .25 1 .33 1 .42 1 .42 1 .66

1150 1 .25 1 .25 1 .33 1 .33 1 .66 2 2 .5 2.5
1175 1 .25 1 .33 2 2.5 2 .5 2 .5 4 4
1200 1 .33 2 .5 3 .3 4 5 5 5 5
1225 2.5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5
1250 4 5 5 5 10 10 10 10
EXAMPLE : If PWHT is 1150 for 6 hours, and the requirement is 20 ft-Ibs, treat the impact

guarantee table as if the requirement was 40 ft-lbs.

a designer or purchaser sees fit to assess individual
confidence levels for predicted loss.
4.3 The Effect of Cooling Rate on PWHT Tests
The implications of the effect of cooling rate during
the actual PWHT is only suggestive at this point and
more work would appear to be in order . However,
based on the results of this study, there appears to be
sufficient evidence to suggest that cooling (and possi-
bly heating) rates and/or cut-off temperatures that
are well below Code maximums are detrimental to
toughness in the base metal . The results imply this
phenomenon is more pronounced with shorter and/or
lower temperature PWHT cycles . One way of explain-
ing this may be to understand that once a longer,
higher temperature PWHT has been given, the "dam-
age is done" and the cumulative effect of the slower
cool is not significant . However, with shorter, lower
temperature cycles, the slower rates represent more
time at temperature, thus allowing more carbide
coalescence and continued deterioration of tough-
extensive PWHT, higher initial toughness brought
about through the use of such things as lower sulfur
steels, double normalizing and lower carbon/carbon
equivalents is required . However, this may work
against maintaining minimum strength levels that,
because of the concurrent loss of strength with ex-
cess PWHT, require higher carbon equivalent steels.
In those cases, and in view of the desire to maintain a
suitable safety margin for meeting properties, the
use of Q+T steels may be needed to achieve the best
balance . The additional quality improvements in the
material necessary to compensate for the interac-
tions reviewed here thus become a matter of agree-
ment between the producer and the purchaser.
Guide to Successful Steel Selection
Safety Factors

ness. 1 PWHT Allowance Minimum

The implication to the fabricator or end-user be- CVN Material
Requirements
comes evident when considering the correlation of PWHT Allowance
CE
simulated PWHT cycles to actual field PWHT cycles
which may not be as closely controlled as the tests. Specification Minirnurns
4 .4 Material Design Criteria
Given what we now know about how PWHT affects
base metal performance, certain precautions need to
be taken in the design and selection of the proper
5.0 Conclusions
steel to meet the needs of the end-user . To achieve
the minimum requirements of the specification, the q As-normalized tensile strength is predictably
material manufacturer must go beyond what would related to carbon equivalent and thickness . The
appear to be the basic specification . This is illus- marginal change in strength with carbon equiva-
trated in the simple diagram below . Specifications lent is linear and generally proportional to 0 .01
involving more aggressive PWHT requirements de- CE equaling 1 KSI once the base strength has
mand more robust material chemistries and can been established.
bring other metallurgical variables into play to meet q The cumulative effects of time and temperature
minimums . To allow for loss of toughness through during PWHT have a deleterious effect on nor-

The Effect of PWHT on Normalized Base-Metal Properties ofASTMA516 Steel 21


malized base metal properties . Each 1 .0 in-
crease in Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP) above
31 .5 in general
— Lowers tensile strength by approximately
2%
— Raises the 35 ft-lb . transition temperature
by 15°F
— Lowers CVN energy @ -50°F by 30%
q Cooling rate and the temperature at the end of
controlled-cooling after PWHT affects tough-
ness of normalized plate tests, especially during
short-time low-temperature cycles.
q Degradation of normalized base metal proper-
ties during PWHT treatments is tied to micro-
structural changes associated with carbide co-
alescence resulting in thicker carbides in ferrite
grain boundaries.
q Models for predicting behavior and establishing
normalized base metal properties required to
hold up to aggressive PWHT have been devel-
22 WRC Bulletin 481
oped at Bethlehem-Lukens Plate . These models
can serve as a guideline for the process vessel
industry as presented in this paper.
q Material selection involves a process that takes
into account all of the external influences that
can be placed on normalized carbon steel, with
PWHT one of the major contributors to the
selection process.
6 .0 Acknowledgments
The authors wish to express their appreciation to
Mr . Leon Kerr for conducting the heat treatments of
the test specimens, performing impact tests and
preparing metallographic specimens, and Ms . Lois
Hinderling for her statistical prowess at Bethlehem-
Lukens Plate ; and Dr . Fred Fletcher of Bethlehem
Steel's Homer Research Laboratory for his contribu-
tions to the earlier works referenced.
Along with the authors, these individuals are now
part of International Steel Group (ISG).

Part 2
The Effect of Post Weld Heat Treatment on Notch
Toughness of Welded Joints in C-Mn Steels
Elmar Upitis*
Abstract
This report compiles data on A 516 Gr . 70 and A 537 Cl.
1 base metal and welded joints in the initial (as-welded)
and in the PWHT condition using data provided by Chi-
cago Bridge & Iron Company (CBI) from past welding
procedure qualifications tests and other tests to assess the
effect of PWHT on notch toughness (Charpy V-notch val-
ues) and hardness of base metal and heat affected zones
(HAZ) . The data was compiled in several Appendices for
base metal, heat affected zones and weld metal from welds
in various welding positions and by various welding pro-
cesses . These Appendices are not included in this report.
Tables 1 through 6 list the average Charpy V-notch data
and the maximum hardness values from this data. The
data in Tables 1—6 is tabulated with respect to the mate-
rial, thickness, welding position, PWHT temperatures and
hold times (in terms of Larson-Miller parameter) . The
results are presented in Figures 3–26, which plot the
changes in Charpy V-notch impact test values (delta CVN,
%, and delta CVN, ft-lbs) and hardness due to PWHT
versus Larson-Miller parameter (LMP).
Except for the base metal data in Figures 8 and 16, all
data was taken from past welding qualification tests . As
such, it includes data on plates from various steel produc-
ers in various thicknesses and heat treat conditions, as
from welds made with various welding processes and differ-
ent heat inputs . As a result there is considerable scatter in
the data ; however, it was possible to observe some general
trends in the results due to PWHT . The longitudinal base
metal Charpy V-notch impact test (CVNL) data shows a
definite loss of notch toughness with increasing PWHT
temperatures and hold times (greater LMP values) in both
materials . The base metal data also shows that there is a
more significant loss of toughness (in terms of delta CVNL,
%) at lower impact test temperatures than at higher im-
pact test temperatures at the same Larson-Miller parame-
ter (LMP) . There is a general trend to improved notch
toughness in heat affected zones of A 516 Gr . 70 with
PWHT . This trend is not so obvious in A 537 Cl . 1 heat
affected zones . There is also loss of notch toughness in the
*Consultant, Upitis & Associates, Downer ' s Grove, IL.
WRC Bulletin 481
HAZ of thinner plates in both materials due to heat of
welding.
Base metal hardnesses were determined from the Brinell
hardness data on plate surface and the HAZ hardnesses
from the Vickers hardness data on cross sections of the
welds . The data shows that PWHT reduces hardnesses
(strength) of A 516 Gr . 70 and A 537 Cl . 1 plates at higher
temperatures and longer hold times (increasing LMP).
PWHT significantly reduces HAZ hardnesses and the scat-
ter in both materials, but the HAZ hardnesses do not
appear to be significantly affected by increasing LMP in
either material . With one exception, the maximum HAZ
hardness was about 245 HV after about 2 hr at 1100°F
(LMP = 31 .67 x 10 3 ) and about 225 HV after 1 .5 hr at
1150°F (LMP = 32 .48 x 10 3 ) in the HAZ of A 516 Gr . 70
(see Fig . 21) . The maximum HAZ hardness in A 537 C1 .1
was somewhat higher and (with one exception) was about
270 HV max . after PWHT of 2 hr at 1150°F (LMP =
32 .68 x 10 3 ).
1 .0 Introduction
PWHT of structures can produce many beneficial
effects, such as softening (tempering) of hard zones
in welded joints (particularly heat affected zones),
changing of the microstructure of the HAZ to a more
desirable condition, reduction of residual stresses,
and removing adverse effects of cold work (forming
strains). This improves the ductility and notch tough-
ness of the structure, resistance to degradation from
exposure to aggressive fluids (e .g ., stress corrosion
cracking), dimensional stability, and resistance to
high cycle fatigue.
PWHT has also some negative effects, such as loss
of strength and/or notch toughness, and precipita-
tion hardening in certain materials, which may lead
to HAZ cracking (reheat cracking) when subjected to
PWHT.
The ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1 and
Division 2 PWHT requirements for carbon and low
alloy steel vessels are included in paragraph UCS-56
23

and in AF-402 . The Code impact test requirements
are included in UG-84 and UCS-66 of Division 1 and
in AM-211 and AM-218 of Division 2 . (The impact
test requirements are essentially the same in Divi-
sion 1 and in Division 2) . When impact testing of
base metal is exempted by the impact test exemption
curves in Fig . UCS-66 or in AM-218 .1, the heat
affected zones and the weld metal are also exempted
from impact testing (except for special cases in
UCS-67 and AM-218 .1) . The impact test exemption
temperature may be reduced by 30°F for P-No . 1
materials when PWHT is performed when otherwise
not required by the Code . Tests on simulated test
coupons are not required for P-No . 1, Gr .1 and Gr . 2
materials (e .g ., SA-516 and SA-537) when the heat
treatment during fabrication is PWHT [see UCS-
85(f) and AT-115 .2].
In March 1998, the ASME BPTC&S issued the
final report on PWHT, which identified a number of
technical issues related to PWHT and where addi-
tional research is needed . PVRC Committee Ther-
mal and Mechanical Effects (T&ME) approved a
small project to collect and assess relevant data
regarding the effect of PWHT on properties of welded
joints, particularly toughness and hardness, as this
may be relevant to the Code PWHT rules and the
issues identified in the BPTC&S report . CBI made
available to the author computer printouts which list
results from their welding procedure qualification
tests (hardness, toughness, chemical composition).
Committee T&ME endorsed compilation of this
Charpy V-notch and hardness data in base metal,
heat affected zones and welds in A 516 Gr . 70 and A
537 Cl . 1 plates in as-welded and in PWHT condition.
2 .0 Scope
This project includes a review of the CBI data
compiled in Tables 1–6 to identify matching hard-
ness and toughness data from the same materials
(base metals and HAZ) in the as-welded and in the
PWHT condition and to assess the effect of various
PWHT conditions on toughness and hardness of base
metal, heat affected zones (HAZ) and weld metal
(WM) . The report includes evaluation of the effect of
PWHT on notch toughness and hardness of A 516 Gr.
70 and A 537 Cl . 1 base metals and HAZ, to the
extent that was possible based on this data.
3 .0 Charpy V-notch Tests
The Charpy V-notch tests in this data were per-
formed in accordance with ASME Section VIII, Divi-
sion 1 or Division 2 requirements (UG-84 or AT-201).
The weld metal Charpy V-notch impact test speci-
mens are taken across the weld with the notch in the
weld metal . The test specimens are oriented so that
the notch is normal to the plate surface and one face
of the test specimen is within 1/16 " of the surface of
the material . For material over 1 1/2" thick, two sets
of impact test specimens are taken from the weld
24 WRC Bulletin 481
with one set located within 1/is" of the surface of the
weld and the other set midway between the surface
and the center of the thickness on the opposite side of
the 1/16 " location.
HAZ test specimens are taken across the weld
with the notch located in the heat affected zone . The
notch is normal to the plate surface and includes as
much of the heat affected zone material as possible.
The HAZ impact test specimens are taken from the
1/4 T location of the plate.
Figures 1–13 plot the changes in the Charpy en-
ergy values due to PWHT, based on the data listed in
Tables 1 and 2 . The change in the Charpy values is
presented in terms of % change in the Charpy energy
(Delta CVN, %) vs . Larson-Miller parameter (LMP)
or Delta ft-lbs vs . LMP, where the LMP is defined as
follows:
LMP (°F) = (T + 460)(20 + log t),
where T = °F and t = hours
(The values of LMP shown in Figures 1–13 and
16–19 are the calculated LMP for the various PWHT
temperature and hold time used x 10 -3 ).
The changes in the longitudinal Charpy V-notch
values in the A 516 Gr . 70 base metal due to PWHT
are shown in Figures 1–6 . The changes in the A 537
C1 .1 base metal impact test values are shown in Fig.
10–12 . Only longitudinal values were presented in
graphs for A 537 Cll . No graphs were prepared for
transverse Charpy V-notch data in these materials
due to limited amount of data and large scatter in
the data.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 (A 516 Gr . 70) and 11 and 12 (A
537 Cl . 1) plot changes in the Charpy values (ft-lbs
and Delta CVNL, %) at several temperatures at the
same Larson-Miller parameter. This was done to
evaluate the effect of the test temperature on the
change in Charpy energy values at a given Larson-
Miller parameter.
The change in the A 516 Gr . 70 HAZ Charpy
energy values is shown in Fig . 7 (longitudinal) and in
Fig. 8 (transverse) . A 537 Cl . 1 HAZ data (longitudi-
nal only) is presented in Fig . 13 . Although most of
this data is based on the Charpy values in the 3G
(vertical) position of welding, no distinction was made
in the HAZ data in these plots based on the position
of welding . There was not sufficient transverse
Charpy V-notch (CVNT) data from HAZ of A 537 Cl.
1 to present that in the graphs.
Table 1 lists the A 516 Gr . 70 base metal and HAZ
Charpy data for Figures 1–5 and 7–8 . Table 2 lists
the A 537, Cl. 1 base metal and HAZ data for Figures
9–11 and 13 . This Charpy data appears in separate
tables for each welding position [e .g ., Table 1(a) for
the 1G position, Table 1(b) for 2G position in A 516
Gr . 70, etc .] . Figures 6 (A 516 Gr . 70) and 12 (A 537
Cl . 1) are based on other data intended to assess the
effect of PWHT temperature and times on base metal
properties . All impact test values are average of 3
test specimens.

The first column in Tables 1 and 2 lists the plate
thickness and heat treatment (if any) . The thickness
followed by letter N indicates that the plate was
normalized . The second column lists the carbon
equivalent by the IIW formula, followed by letter P
or letter H . The letter P indicates product analysis,
and the letter H indicates heat analysis . However,
this data was available only for a limited number of
plates.
Table 3 lists the weld metal (WM) Charpy V-notch
test data. However, no separate tables are provided
for different base metals . It was assumed that there
would be a limited amount of base metal influence on
the weld metal notch toughness (by dilution) as long
as the heat inputs were not excessive . Thus, the weld
metal data was obtained from welds in SA-283C,
SA-516 Gr . 70, SA-537 C1 .1 and similar non-USA
materials . No detailed assessment was made of the
weld metal Charpy data data due to the many vari-
ables (weld metals, welding processes, heat input,
side welded, etc .) in the data and the limited scope of
this project.
Tables 1–3 also identify the test specimens in the
HAZ and the WM. Test specimens from the HAZ and
the weld metal are taken from side 1 or side 2 welded.
The test direction and side tested is indicated by L-1,
L-2, T-1 or T-2, where the letter indicates the test
specimen orientation with respect to the principal
rolling direction of the plate, and the number identi-
fies the side tested . For instance, L-1 indicates that
the Charpy test specimen were oriented in the direc-
tion parallel to the principal rolling direction of the
plate and were taken from the first side welded.
Table 3 also includes HAZ impact test data from
several non-USA micro-alloyed steels (with colum-
bium or vanadium) . This data was available with the
weld metal data and is included in Table 3 to provide
additional data on the effect of various amounts of
columbium (niobium) and vanadium on the stress
relieved HAZ impact properties in these steels . How-
ever, this data has not been presented in graphs due
to the limited amount of data that was available for
each of the materials listed in Table 3.
All tables include columns which list the PWHT
temperature, hold time and the resulting LMP (x
10 3 ).
4 .0 Hardness Tests
There are no specific requirements or guidelines in
ASME Section VIII for taking hardness readings on
welded joints . Fig . 14 shows how the hardness read-
ings were obtained for Brinell hardness tests . Fig . 15
shows the locations of the hardness readings for
Vickers hardness . The Vickers hardness readings
were taken either with a 10 kg or a 30 kg load . Most
of the Vickers hardness readings were taken with a
10 kg load, however, the actual Vickers load gener-
ally was not identified in the CBI data.
Fig . 16 plots the initial surface hardnesses (in
as-received condition) and surface hardnesses after
Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints
PWHT vs . LMP for A 516 Gr . 70 plates . The plate
surface hardnesses were obtained with the Brinell
tester . Fig . 18 shows the same type data for A 537
C1 .1 plates . The HAZ hardnesses for A 516 Gr . 70 in
the as-welded condition and in the PWHT condition
vs . LMP appear in Fig . 17 and in Fig . 19 for A 537
Cll . The HAZ hardness values in Figures 17 and 19
were obtained with Vickers hardness tester.
The hardness data for Figures 16–19 was taken
from Tables 4 and 5 . Table 4 includes a summary of
the hardness readings obtained from the A 516 Gr.
70 base metal and HAZ . Table 5 lists the hardness
readings from the A 537 Cl . 1 base metal and HAZ.
This data lists only the maximum hardness values,
not the average . Tables 4 and 5 list the Vickers and
the Brinell hardness readings in the HAZ ; however,
only the Vickers hardnesses are plotted in Fig . 17
and 19 since the Vickers hardness values generally
are more representative of the maximum hardness
in the HAZ.
Table 6 summarizes the Brinell and Vickers weld
metal hardness readings . However, no detailed as-
sessment was made of the weld metal hardness data
due to the many variables in the data and the limited
scope of this project.
5 .0 Discussion
There is a considerable amount of scatter in this
impact test data and hardness test data, however,
the following general trends and conclusions were
obtained from the data examined.
5 .1 Base Metal Impact Tests
A 516 Gr . 70. (Figures 1—6 and Table 1) . Most
of the Charpy data was taken in the direction paral-
lel to the principal direction of rolling . There is a
significant amount of scatter in the data (improve-
ment and loss of toughness due to stress relieving)
since the data came from different sources and differ-
ent heats of steel . Some of the impact test data in
Table 1 from as-rolled plates with LMP = 33 .65 x
103 (8 hr at 1150°F) shows improvement in base
metal toughness . Most of the data from heat treated
plates (normalized and quenched & tempered) shows
loss of toughness after stress relieving . Fig . la plots
the change in ft-lbs (delta CVNL, ft-lbs) and Fig . lb
the % change (delta CVNL, %) due to PWHT for each
data set vs . LMP . Fig . 2a and 2b plot the average
value of all the data at each LMP . There is only
limited data at LMP = 33 .81 x 103 (three sets of
Charpy values from one 2 in . thick plate, impact
tested at = 32°F), therefore the data at LMP 33 .81 x
10 3 is omitted, which resulted in a more uniform
trend in the results obtained from all other data.
There is a definite trend to lower Charpy impact test
values (loss of toughness) at higher Larsen-Miller
parameters, particularly at LMP = 33 .65 x 10 3 and
higher.
The data in Fig . 4, 5 and 6 shows impact test
transition curves at selected Larson-Miller parame-
25

ters . Figures 4, 5, and 6 show that there is more
significant loss of notch toughness, in terms of per-
cent difference in longitudinal Charpy C-notch val-
ues (delta CVNL, %) at the lower impact test tempera-
tures than at higher impact test temperatures at a
given Larson-Miller parameter.
There was only a limited amount of transverse
impact tests data from A 516 Gr . 70 plates was very
limited (four plates, three of which were in the as-
rolled condition) and a large scatter in this data . This
made it difficult to establish any definite trends with
respect to LMP ; therefore, no conclusions were made
from this data.
A 537 Cl . 1 . (Figures 9-12 and Table 2) . Figure
9 shows the percent change in longitudinal Charpy
energy values (delta CVN, %) at various Larson-
Miller parameters . Fig . l0a (delta CVNL, ft-lbs) and
Fig. 10b (delta CVNL, %) show the average values at
each LMP of all the available A 537 Cl . 1 data . With a
few exceptions, this data shows a general trend to
lower impact test values (loss of toughness) in stress
relieved plates at most Larson-Miller parameters . In
some cases this loss can be substantial, even at low
LMP values (e .g . at LMP 31 .3 x 10 3 ) . Figures 11
and 12 show impact test transition curves at selected
Larson-Miller parameters . The data in Fig . 11 and
12 shows that at a given LMP the % loss in longitudi-
nal impact test values (0 CVNL, %) becomes greater
at lower impact test temperatures.
5 .2 Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) Impact Tests
A 516 Gr. 70. (Figures 7 and 8 and Table 1).
The data includes Charpy V-notch tests from welds
made with various welding processes and in various
welding positions . There was only limited data on
the actual heat inputs used . The heat inputs re-
corded were generally less than about 120 kj/in.
There is a considerable scatter in the HAZ impact
test data, which shows both improvement and loss of
notch toughness (Charpy values) . However, there is
a general trend to improved notch toughness both in
the longitudinal HAZ impact test values (Fig . 7) and
in the transverse HAZ impact test values (Fig . 8) at
most Larson-Miller parameters . In case of the longi-
tudinal HAZ impact tests, there is generally less
improvement in the HAZ impact test values at higher
LMP values (e .g ., LMP = 33 .65 x 103 ) than at lower
LMP values.
A 537 Cl . 1 . (Fig . 13 and Table 2) . Figure 17
shows the percent change in the longitudinal HAZ
impact test values (A CVNL, %) due to PWHT . Most
of the data was from side 2 welded . The data shows
increase and reduction in Charpy impact test values
with PWHT in the HAZ of A 537 Cl . 1 plates, there-
fore no definite conclusions can be make drawn from
this data . Also, the impact test values in HAZ of side
2 welded in A 537 C1 .1 were subject to more variation
than in A 516 Gr . 70 plates.
International Steels . (Table 3) . Table 3 in-
cluded data from welding procedure qualifications
26 WRC Bulletin 481
tests on several international steels . Some of the
microalloyed steels had columbium (niobium) con-
tents up to 0 .036% and/or vanadium contents up to
0 .080% . The plates without Cb (Nb) or V in chemical
composition were considered similar to A 537 Cl . 1
and those microalloyed with Cb (Nb) were consid-
ered to be similar to A 737 Gr . B . The Larson-Miller
parameter in the microalloyed steel data did not
exceed 31 .94 x 103 (3 hr at 1100°F) and for the other
international steels 33 .08 x 10 -3 (3 .5 hr at 1150°F).
Most of the HAZ impact test data showed improve-
ment after PWHT. One notable exception was a 2 .78"
thick plate with Cb (Nb) = 0 .036%, which had signifi-
cantly lower impact test values -22°F and at -40°F
in the HAZ on both sides welded after PWHT for 2 .7
hr at 1100°F (LMP = 31 .87 x 103 ).
Loss of Toughness in HAZ Due to Welding.
In some cases welding causes loss of toughness in
the HAZ of as-welded joints when compared to the
base metal impact test values, particularly in thin-
ner welds . Tables 1 and 2 list the available impact
test values for the A 516 Gr . 70 and A 537 Cl . 1 base
metals and heat affected zones (HAZ) . The data in
the 0 .5" to 1 .5" thickness range was used to calculate
the average base metal and HAZ impact test values
and to evaluate the effect of welding on HAZ tough-
ness in the as-welded condition . However, only some
of the data sets had impact test values from the same
plates and the related heat affected zones, therefore
only limited amount of representative data was avail-
able for this evaluation . This resulted in the follow-
ing average loss of longitudinal Charpy impact val-
ues (as compared to the base metal impact test
values) in HAZ of 0 .5"-1 .5" plates in 1G, 2G and 3G
welds in the as-welded condition:
Material Longitudinal Charpy Tests
A 516, Gr. 70 6 .5 ft-lbs*
A 537, Cl . 1 19 ft-lbs
Note : *This excludes one set of data from 1 " thick controlled
rolled A516 Gr . 70 plate which had about 240 ft-lbs in base metal
and in HAZ at 70°F and at other temperatures (down to -60°F);
therefore, it was not considered representative of typical A 516 Gr.
70 material.
Higher loss of impact test values is likely to occur in
HAZ of thinner welds than in thicker welds due to
the lower cooling rates of thinner welds, therefore, a
comparison was also made between the base metal
and HAZ impact test values in the 0 .5 " to 1" thick-
ness range . This was done only for the 3G (vertical)
welds since there was not sufficient amount of data
from welds in the other welding positions to make
the comparison . This resulted in the following aver-
age loss in HAZ of 3G welds in the 0.5" to 1" thickness
range :
Material Longitudinal Charpy Tests
A 516, Gr. 70 9 .5 ft-lbs
A 537, Cl . 1 27 .5 ft-lbs

The HAZ toughness depends on the base metal prop-
erties (chemical composition and notch toughness),
heat input and cooling rate. The HAZ impact test
values can also vary with welding processes (SMAW,
FCA, SAW) and the welding technique used, there-
fore, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions based
on the available data . The above tables also show
less consistent results in the transverse direction
than in the longitudinal direction, perhaps because
there was less data in the transverse direction than
in the longitudinal direction.
Higher loss of toughness was generally observed
in the A 537 Cl . 1 heat affected zones of thin plates
than in A 516 Gr . 70 in this data ; however, the A
537 Cl . 1 plates typically have very good initial
toughness and in this data the as-welded heat
affected zones still had good Charpy values after
welding.
5 .3 Weld Metal Impact Tests
The weld metal impact test data is listed in Table
3 . All data are from SMA welds (E7016 and E7018).
Most of the data is from welds made in the 3G
welding position (vertical) . The data was taken from
welds in various materials, including A-283 Gr . C, A
516 Gr . 70, A 537 C1 .1 and several micro-alloyed
steels from Europe and Japan . No attempt was made
to separate the welds in these materials since there
generally is little dilution with the base metal with
relatively low heat inputs (generally less than about
120 kj/in .).
The impact test specimens were located trans-
verse to the direction of welding, with the notch
being perpendicular to the plate surface . The data
shows a considerable amount of scatter with the
E7016 and E7018 electrodes both in side 1 and side 2
welded, particularly with the E7016 electrodes . With
some exceptions, there appears to be a general
trend to improved notch toughness in the E7018
welds with PWHT at all Larson-Miller parameters
at both sides welded . The longer PWHT times (e .g.
LMP = 33 .08 and higher) seem to improve notch
toughness also in the E7016 welds . The second
side welded in the E7016 welds often shows loss of
toughness with lower PWHT times (LMP less than
about 32 .0 x 10 3 ) . The reasons for this are not
known.
5.4 Base Metal Hardness Tests
A 516 Gr . 70 and A 537 Cl .! . (Figures 16 and
18, and Tables 4 and 5) . The base metal hardness
readings were taken with the Brinell hardness tester
on the plate surface . Base metal hardness relates to
tensile strength of the material . Fig . 16a shows the
initial and stress relieved hardness values for all
data of A 516 Gr . 70 vs . LMP . Fig . 16b shows the
average values of all data at each LMP . The same
type of plots appear in Fig . 18 for A 537 C . 1 plates
and welds . Essentially all hardness readings taken
show loss of hardness (tensile strength) after
PWHT . Although the ASME Code does not require
Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints
test on stress relieved coupons for P-no . 1 Groups
and 2 materials, the loss of tensile properties does
need to be considered when purchasing materials
for PWHT construction (particularly with high
PWHT temperatures and/or long hold times) to
ensure that the material meets the specified mini-
mum tensile properties after PWHT.
5 .5 HAZ Hardness Tests
A 516 Gr . 70 and A 537 Cl . 1 . (Figures 17 and
19, and Tables 4 and 5) . Both Brinell and Vickers
hardness readings were recorded from the test data
in Tables 4 and 5 . The Brinell hardness readings
were taken on the surface of the weld (see Fig . 14)
and the Vickers readings (Fig . 15) on the cross-
section of the weld at locations, which are gener-
ally expected to produce the highest hardness read-
ings . No attempt was made in this evaluation to
separate the maximum hardness readings with
respect to the welding position (e .g . 1G, 2G, etc .).
The HAZ hardness values plotted in Fig . 17 (A 516
Gr . 70) and in Fig . 19 (A 537 Cl . 1) are the maximum
Vickers hardness values measured in each welded
joint before and after PWHT . Fig . 17a plots the
maximum Vickers hardness readings vs . LMP (x 10 -3)
in A 516 Gr . 70 heat affected zones in the as-welded
and in the PWHT condition . Fig . 17b plots the aver-
age values of all data at each LMP. The same type
plots are shown in Fig. 19 for A 537 C .1 heat affected
zones . Essentially in all cases (at all Larson-Miller
parameters) the PWHT reduces hardness . There is
also bigger reduction in hardness at higher Larson-
Miller parameters (i .e . higher PWHT temperature
and/or hold time) . Generally, there is a larger
percent reduction in the Vickers hardness read-
ings than in the Brinell readings, since the highest
Vickers readings are located in the high hardness
zones and produce a smaller and a sharper inden-
tation than the Brinell readings, which are taken
on the surface of the weld and tend to produce an
average hardness reading.
5 .6 Weld Metal Hardness Tests
No attempt was made to separate the hardness
readings in the welds with respect to the plate mate-
rial welded . Similar trends were observed in the
weld metal hardness readings as in the HAZ hard-
ness readings with respect to LMP . In some cases,
the hardness reduction was greater in the Brinell
hardness readings than in the Vickers hardness
readings. The Brinell hardness readings provide a
better indication of the average surface hardness (or
strength) than the Vickers readings (which tend to
measure local hardness).
6 .0 Conclusions
6.1 Charpy V-notch Impact Tests
The longitudinal Charpy V-notch impact test val-
ues in the A 516 Gr . 70 base metal decrease at higher
values of Larson-Miller parameter (higher PWHT
27

temperatures and/or longer hold times) . This loss is
significant at LMP = 33 .65 X 10 3 (8 hr at 1150°F)
and at higher LMP values (see Fig . 2) . In the A 537,
C1 .1 material the decrease in longitudinal Charpy
impact test values occurs even at lower LMP values,
such as LMP = 31 .3 x 103 (1 .2 hr at 1100°F) and can
be substantial (see Fig . 10) . There was only limited
amount of transverse impact test data from both
materials (which made it difficult to establish any
specific trends), but other data shows similar trends
in transverse Charpy impact values at higher PWHT
temperatures and longer hold times (i .e . at higher
LMP values) . The losses in Charpy values are more
significant at lower impact test temperatures than
at higher impact test temperatures at the same LMP
(see Fig . 4–6 and Fig . 11–12).
The heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal
(WM) impact values in this data show a general
trend to improved notch toughness, in terms of
Charpy V-notch values, in A 516 Gr . 70 heat affected
zones after PWHT at all Larsen-Miller parameters,
but less at the higher LMPs than at the lower LMP
(see Fig . 7b and 8b) . The same trend was not ob-
served in A 537 Cl . 1 heat affected zone data, which
shows increase and decrease in Charpy impact test
values at various Larson-Miller parameters.
The Charpy data in HAZ of several international
steels showed general improvement in Charpy val-
ues after PWHT in steels with Nb (Cb) 0 .030% or
V 0 .080% . However, none of the welds in the
miocroalloyed steels were stress relieved for more
than 3 hr at 1100°F (LMP = 31 .94 x 10 3 ) . Excessive
amounts of microalloying elements tend to reduce
notch toughness in the HAZ during PWHT due to
precipitation hardening . One 2 .78" plate, with Nb =
0 .036%, had a significant loss of toughness in the
HAZ at -22°F and at -40°F after PWHT for 2 .7 hr
at 1100°F.
This report also attempted to evaluate the loss of
Charpy V-notch toughness in the as-welded HAZ
due to the heat of welding . This loss of notch tough-
ness generally depends on the material and heat
input during welding . Based on somewhat limited
amount of data in the 0 .5"–1 .5" thickness range the
average value was about 6 .5 ft-lbs Charpy V-notch
longitudinal (CVNL) in the A 516 Gr . 70 material
and about 19 ft-lbs CVL in A 537 C1 .1 . Some vessel
fabricators are aware of the loss of the Charpy im-
pact values due to heat of welding and order the base
metal with higher than the Code specified impact
test requirements and/or adjust their welding proce-
dures so that they can meet the required impact test
values in the HAZ . The loss was somewhat higher
within the 0 .5"–l" thickness range.
6 .2 Hardness Tests
Hardness testing is not required by the ASME B
& PV Code . High hardness in welded joints can
lead to service induced deterioration and cracking,
such as hydrogen induced and/or stress corrosion
28 WRC Bulletin 481
cracking and other types of cracking under certain
service conditions . Hardness values also relate to
the tensile strength of the material . Essentially all
base metal hardness data in this report (in terms
of Brinell hardness) indicated loss of tensile
strength in A 516 Gr . 70 and in A 537, Cl . 1 base
metal after PWHT . Although the Code does not
require tests on stress relieved test coupons of
P-No . 1 Gr . 1 and Gr . 2 materials (to simulate the
PWHT during fabrication), this needs to be taken
into account when purchasing materials for PWHT
structures, particularly when the vessel is sub-
jected to high PWHT temperatures or long hold
times (such as multiple PWHT during fabrication
and/or repairs).
In the A 516 Gr . 70 HAZ, the hardness values
were reduced to about HV240 after 1 hr at 1100°F
(LMP = 31 .5 x 10 3 ) and to about 225 HV max . at
LMP 32 .5 x 10 3 (about 1 .5 hr at 1150°F or 3 hr
at 1125°F) and at higher LMP values, as shown in
Fig . 17a . In the A 537 C1 .1 HAZ, the Vickers
hardness values were reduced to about HV 270 at
LMP = 32 .68 x 10 3 (2 hr at 1150°F) and at higher
LMP values (higher PWHT temperatures and/or
longer hold times) . (The single hardness value of
385 HV in Fig . 17a was assumed not to be represen-
tative value in HAZ of 1" thick A 516 Gr . 70, having
a carbon equivalent of 0 .41%, after 1 hr at 1150°F,
as well as the single hardness value of 313 HV in
Fig . 19a in HAZ of 1 .12" thick A 537 Cl . 1, having a
CE = 0 .36, after 6 hr at 1150°F, or LMP = 33 .65 x
103 ).
8 . Recommendations
The ASME Section VIII, Division 1 and Division 2
impact test exemption curves apply to the base metal
and welded joints (HAZ and WM) . Division 1 and
Division 2 also exempt testing of simulated test
coupons from P-No . Gr . 1 and Gr . steels . The base
metal hardness and toughness data in this report
shows that there can be significant loss of tensile
strength and Charpy impact test values in the A 516
Gr . 70 plates at the higher Larsen-Miller parameters
(higher PWHT temperatures and/or longer hold
times) and in A 537 Cl . 1 essentially at all Larson-
Miller parameters . This indicates that a further con-
sideration should be to given to the PWHT time and
temperature (use of Larson-Miller parameter) and to
microalloying elements (Cb and V) in the Code rules.
The HAZ properties (hardness and notch tough-
ness) are influenced by the base metal properties and
chemical composition, heat input during welding,
and by heat treatment (PWHT) after welding . The
heat input used during welding often depends on the
welding process, the welding position, and the de-
sired properties in the welded joint . Also, different
heat input may be used for different welding passes
in a welded joint . There was not sufficient informa-
tion in the data to evaluate the effect of PWHT on
hardness and toughness with respect to the different

welding variables (welding position, heat input, etc .).
Therefore, it would be helpful to collect and evaluate
additional data from welded joints to supplement the
data and conclusions in this report.
The HAZ impact test data from a microalloyed
steel with 0 .036% Cb (Nb) had a significant loss of
notch toughness at low temperatures (at -22°F and
lower) . This indicates that additional considerations
should be given to microalloyed steels (particularly
with columbium) before assigning these steels to the
Section VIII, Division 1 and Division 2 impact test
exemption curves.
ASME Section VIII, Divisions 1 and 2 permit a
30°F reduction of the impact test exemption tempera-
ture for P-No . 1 materials when PWHT is performed
when otherwise not required by the Code . Some
European pressure vessel codes give a substantial
benefit to PWHT in their impact test exemption
curves . It is recommended that a further evaluation
be made of the 30°F reduction in Divisions 1 & 2,
particularly as it applies to welded joints in mi-
croalloyed steels .
Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints
8.0 Acknowledgements
The data for this report was furnished by Chi-
cago Bridge & Iron Company and the report was
sponsored by the Pressure Vessel Research Coun-
cil under Grant 98-THE-01 . The contribution by
Chicago Bridge & Iron Company and the support
by PVRC is greatly appreciated, as well as the
helpful comments by Messrs . Jon Lee (CBI) and
Jim Sims (ret . CBI).
References
1. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, 2001
Ed ., inc. 2002 Adenda.
2. ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 2, 2001
Ed., inc. 2002 Adenda.
3. Somers, Bruce R. and Dong Lu, Final Report on The Effect of PWHT
on HAZ Hardness in A 516 Steel, ATLSS Report No. 96-14, 30 August 1996.
4. Gulvin, T. F ., Scott, D ., Haddrill, D . M. and Glen, J., The Influence of
Stress Relief on the Properties of C and C-Mn Pressure Vessel Plate Steels,
presented at West of Scotland Iron & Steel Institute Conference on The
Effect of Modern Fabrication Techniques on the Properties of Steel, 12 May
1972 .
5. Konkol, P. J ., Effect of Long-Time Postweld Heat Treatment on the
Properties of Constructional-Steel Weldments, Welding Research Council
Bulletin 330, January 1988, pp .11–26.
29


40
30
20 •

10 $
•

31 31 .5 32 j.5 33 33.5 34 $ 34 .5
-10
t) -20 • _
p -30
• •
-40
-50
-60
-70
LMP
Fig . 1 a—A 516 Gr . 70-Base Metal (As-rolled, Normalized & QT) Delta CVNL, ft-lbs, Due to PWHT

60

40

20 • ••

0 I
J 3 i .2 32 .4 • 32.6 32.8 33 33.2 33.4 33.6. 33.8 34 3i .2
-20

8 -40
•
-60 •

-80

-100
LMP
Fig . 1 b—A 516 Gr . 70-Base Metal (As-rolled, Normalized & QT) Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT

30 WRC Bulletin 481



0
3 .2 32 .4 32 .6 32 .8 33 33 .2 33 .4 33 .6 33 .8 34 34 .2

-5 •

-10

-25

-30

-35
LMP
Fig . 2a—A 516 Gr . 70-Base Metal (As-rolled, Normalized & QT) Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP)

0
3 .2 32 .4 32 .6 32 .8 33 33 .2 33 .4 33 .6 33 .8 34 34 .2

-5

-20

-25
LMP
Fig . 2b—A 516 Gr . 70-Base Metal (As-rolled, Normalized & QT) Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP, except LMP = 33 .81
omitted)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 31



0 , I
3 .2 32 .4 32 .6 32 .8 33 33 .2 33 .4 33 .6 33 .8 34 34
-5

-10

J -15

a -20
8
-25

-30

-35

LMP
Fig. 3a—A 516 Gr . 70 Normalized-Base Metal Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP)

0
3 .2 32 .4 32 .6 32 .8 33 33 .2 33 .4 33 .6 33 .8 34 34 .2

-5

-10

8
-20

-25

-30
LMP
Fig . 3b—A 516 Gr . 70 Normalized-Base Metal Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP, except LMP = 33 .81 omitted)

32 WRC Bulletin 481



160

140

120

100
0
–~ Initial

LL PWHT

60

0
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Deg . F

Fig . 4a—A 516 Gr. 70 Q&T-Base Metal, t = 2 .75" CVNL, ft-lbs, Before and After PWHT LMP = 33 .65 (8 hr at 1150 F)

28--

0
-1 JO -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
10

20

-30

-50

60

70

Deg. F

Fig . 4b—A 516 Gr. 70 Q&T-Base Metal, t = 2 .75" Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT LMP = 33 .65 (8 hr at 1150 F)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 33



120

e
-~-- Initial

U- -~-PWHT

40

20

0
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Deg . F

Fig . 5a—A 516 Gr . 70–Base Metal, t = 1 .50" CVNL, ft-lbs, Before and After PWHT LMP = 34 .09 (15 hr at 1150 F)

-20 0 20 40 60
10

J 40
-~ Delta CVN
.g
'

-70

00
Deg . F

Fig . 5b—A 516 Gr . 70 Normalized–Base Metal, t = 1 .50" Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT LMP = 34 .09 (15 hr at 1150 F)

34 WRC Bulletin 481



-+- Initial
PWHT

30

20

10

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Deg . F

Fig . 6a—A 516 Gr . 70 N-Base Metal CVNL, ft-Ibs, Before and After PWHT Ave . Values From Four Plates (From Different Steel Producers) LMP =
34 .46 (12 hr at 1175 F)

-80 -60 -40 -20

80 -

Deg . F

Fig . 6b—A 516 Gr . 70 Normalized-Base Metal Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT Average Values From Four Plates (From Different Steel Producers)
LMP = 34 .46 (12 hr at 1175 F)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 35



200

150
.

100
.

• •

• •

• •
50
_ • •

• • • •

0 • •• ~ i

1 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 • • 34 34 .5
•
-50

-100
LMP
Fig . 7a—A 516 Gr . 70 (As-rolled & Normalized)-HAZ Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT (All values)

80
•
70 •

60

50
•
J

v 40

20
•

10

0 T

31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig . 7b—A 516 Gr . 70 (As rolled & Normalized)-HAZ Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP)

36 WRC Bulletin 481



140 .0

120 .0

100 .0 •

80 .0 •

• _
•
• •
• • • s
0 .0 I . I
• I 1
•

2 $ 32 .2 32 .4 32 .6 32 .8 33 33 .2 33 .4 • 33 .6 • 32 8
-20 .0 •
•
-40 .0
•

-60 .0
LMP
Fig . 8a—A 516 Gr . 70 (As-rolled & Normalized)-HAZ Delta CVNT, %, Due to PWHT (All values)

40 .0

30 .0

0 .0
2 32 .2 32 .4 32 .6 32 .8 33 33 .2 33 .4 33 .6 32 .8

-10 .0

-20 .0
LMP
Fig . 8b—A 516 Gr. 70 (As-rolled & Normalized)-HAZ Delta CVNT, %, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 37



80 .00

60 .00

40 .00

20 .00
•
.
U 0 .00
2 5 30 30 .5 31 ••31 .5 • 32 •32 .5 33 33 .5 , 34 34 5
m .
-20 .00 • •
• $
•
-40 .00 • _ •

•
•
-60 .00

-80 .00
LMP
Fig . 9—A 537 CI . 1-Base Metal Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT

38 WRC Bulletin 481



0 I _ , 1 I

2 .5 30 30 .5 31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 .5

-5

-30

-35
LMP
Fig . 10a—A 537 Cl . 1-Base Metal Delta CVNL, ft-lbs, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP)

0 I I I _ I f

2 .5 30 30 .5 31 31 .5 32 .32 .5 33 33 .5 34 32 .5

-10

-50

-60
LMP
Fig . 10b—A 537 CI . 1-Base Metal Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 39



16

140

120

100

- Initial
80
-~-PWHT

40

20

0
-60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80
Deg . F
Fig . 11 a—A 537 CI . 1-Base Metal, t = 2" CVNL, ft-lbs, Before and After PWHT LMP = 31 .67 (2 hr at 1100 F)

000
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 / 80
-5 00

10 00

15 00

-20 00

5 .00

-40-00-
Deg . F
Fig . 11 b—A 537 CI . 1-Base Metal, t = 2" Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT LMP = 31 .67 (2 hr at 1100 F)

40 WRC Bulletin 481



a -o- Initial

LL -•- PWHT
40

30

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Def. F

Fig . 12a—A 537 CI . 1-Base Metal CVNL, ft-lbs, Before and After PWHT Average Values from Four Plates (From Different Steel Producers) LMP
= 34.46 (12 hr at 1175 F)

0
0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 80
5

10

15

20

30

-35

40

45

Deg . F

Fig . 12b—A 537 CI . 1-Base Metal Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT Average Values From Four Plates (From Different Steel Producers) LMP = 34 .46
(12 hr at 1175 F)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 41



250

200

150
•

. • •
•
50 • . • • •
• • •
0
• • •
0 . $ • • $ I . f

0 30 .5 31 = 31 .5 32 ~32 .5 33 33 .5 = 34 3i .5
• •
-50

-100
LMP
Fig . 13a—A 537 Cl . 1-HAZ Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT

140

120

100

80

. •

.
0 • .
0 30 .5 31 • 31 .5 32 .32 .5 33 33 .5 34 3q .5
-20

-40

-60
LMP
Fig . 13b—A 537 CI . 1-HAZ Delta CVNL, %, Due to PWHT (Average value at each LMP)

42 WRC Bulletin 481



POSITION POSITION

Side 1 Slde 1 Side 2

1 .BM 1 .BM 11 . BM
2 . HAZ 2 . HAZ 12 . HAZ
3. WM 3 . HAZ 13. HAZ
4. HAZ 4. HAZ 14 . HAZ
5. BM 5. WM 15.WM
6. WM 16. WM
7. HAZ 17. HAZ
Side 2
8 . HAZ 18. HAZ
6. BM 9. HAZ 19. HAZ
7 . HAZ 10 . BM 20. BM
8 . WM
9 . HAZ
10 . BM

35 6 8 9 10

11 12 13 15 16 18 19 20
6 7 8 9 10 Side 2
Side 2

Fig . 14—Brinell Surface Hardness Test Locations on Welded Joints Fig . 15—Vickers Hardness Test Locations in Welded Joints

250

200

•
2 •

• Initial
PWHT

50

0
31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig . 16a—A 516 Gr. 70-Base Metal Initial and PWHT Hardness, HB (All values)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 43



200

180

• •
160
• • •
a
140

• Initial
PWHT

60

40

20

0
31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig . 16b—A 516 Gr . 70-Base Metal Initial and PWHT Hardness, HB (Average value at each LMP)

200

180

160

140 -~ Initial
PWHT
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig . 16c—A 516 Gr. 70-Base Metal Initial and PWHT Hardness, HB (Average value at each LMP, except the single value at LMP = 33 .81 omitted)

44 WRC Bulletin 481



450 -

400
•
350 •

• •
•
300
E
250 • • As-Welded
• t
PWHT
200
c

100

50

0 {
31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig . 17a—A 516 Gr . 70-HAZ As-welded and PWHT Hardness, HV (max.) (All values)

350

300

250

-+-As-Welded
PWHT

100

50

0
31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig. 17b—A 516 Or . 70-HAZ As-welded and PWHT Hardness, HV (Average value at each LMP)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 45



200

180

160

140

• Initial
PWHT

60

40

20

0
31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig . 18a—A 537 CI . 1-Base Metal Initial and PWHT Hardness, HB (All values)

200

180
•
• • •
160 •

140

120
• Initial
100
PWHT
80

60

40

20

0
31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig . 18b—A 537 CI . 1-Base Metal Initial and PWHT Hardness, HB (Average value at each LMP)

46 WRC Bulletin 481



500
•
450 •
• •
• • ;
400 •
•

350
•
E 300 •
• As-Welded
250 PWHT
•
• • Al
g 200
to
= 150

100

50

0
31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34 .5
LMP
Fig . 19a—A 537 Cl . 1-HAZ As-welded and PWHT Hardness, HV (max.) (All values)

500
•
450

400
•

350 •
> 300
N • As-Welded
aac; 250 S
-o
PWHT
= 200

150

100

50
0
31 31 .5 32 32 .5 33 33 .5 34 34.5
LMP
Fig . 19b—A 537 CI . 1-HAZ As-welded and PWHT Hardness, HV (Average value at each LMP)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 47



Table 1-Summary of Base Metal & HAZ Impact Values-A 516 Gr . 70

1 (a) Welding Position : 1G

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Weld.
Thk . CE Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)
FCA
1 .50 .39P 0°F L-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 40 43 21 80 +7 . 5 +281 (E70T-1)

1 .50 .39P 0°F L-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 40 49 21 50 +22 . 5 +138 FCA

(E70T-1)

1 .00N -20°F L-2 1150 3 32 .97 24 33 +37 .5 SAW1

1 .00N -40°F L-1 1150 3 32 .97 7 8 +14 .3 (EM12K)

1 .00 0°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 26 36 54 38 +38.5 -29 .6 SMA

(E7018)

1 .25N +20F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 28 33 +17 .9 FCA

1 .25N 0°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 13 22 +69 .2 (E70T-1)

1 .50 0°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 39 41 +5 .1 FCA

1 .50 0°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 47 71 +51 .6 (E70T-1)

1 .50 0°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 44 43 46 +7 .0 FCA

1 .50 -20°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 44 28 36 +28 .6 (E701-6)

3 .00N .39P 0°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 60 69 103 89 +15 .0 -13 .6 SA1
(EA2)

2 .00N +32F L-2 1150 10 33 .81 62 46 59 71 -25 .8 +20 .3 FCA

2 .00N +32F L-2 1150 10 33 .81 76 57 76 109 -25 .0 +43 .4 (E70T-5)

1 .00 .41H 0°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 18 21 +16 .7 SAW1

1 .00 .41H 0°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 23 22 -4 .3 (EA2)

1 .00 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 77 100 +29 .9 E7018

1 .50 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 59 42 -28 .8 SA1

1 .50 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 28 43 +53 .6 (EA2)

1 .50N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 101 114 +12 .9 FCA

1 .50N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 75 110 +46 .7 (E701-5)
1 .50N -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 77 53 -31 .2
1 .50N -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 85 94 +10 .6

1 .50 .45P 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 54 52 -3 .7 FCA

1 .50 .45P -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 40 38 -5 .0 (E701-6)

Table continues on the next page

48 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 1-(Continued)

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Weld.
Thk . CE Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)

1 .50 .41H -30°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 33 25 47 +88 .0 FCA

1 .50 .41H -30°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 32 23 50 +117 (E70T-G)
1 .50 .41H -60°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 15 13 45 +246
1 .50 .41H -60°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 14 17 43 +153

1 .75N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 31 41 +32 .2 FCA

E80T1-NI1

1 .75N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 39 61 +56 .4 FCA

(E70T-1)

1 .75N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 34 67 +97 .1 FCA

(E70T-1)

2 .00N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 28 19 24 36 -32 .1 +50 .0 FCA

(80T1-K1)

2 .00N .41P 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 62 71 +14 .5 FCA

(E70T-1)

2 .00N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 47 30 -36.2 FCA

(80T1-K2

2 .00N -15°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 42 29 45 55 -31 .0 +22 .2 FCA

2 .00N -15°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 55 35 36 48 -36 .4 +33 .3 (EA2)
2 .00N -25°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 34 21 43 59 -38 .2 +37 .2
2 .00N -25°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 34 29 24 33 -14 .7 +37 .5

2 .00N -15°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 42 32 52 58 -23 .8 +11 .5 SAT(?)

2 .00N -25°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 44 29 47 57 -34 .1 +21 .3 (EA2)

2 .00N -13°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 32 66 +106 E7018

2 .00N -13°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 40 66 +65 .0 FCA

2 .00N -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 44 55 +25 .0 E80T5-N12

5 .00N -50°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 24 46 33 -28 .3 SA1

(EN14)

1 .50 0°F T-1 1150 8 33 .65 58 41 78 73 -29 .3 -6 .4 SAT (?)

1 .50 -20°F T-1 1150 8 33 .65 39 60 58 60 +53 .8 +3 .4 (EA2)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 49



Table 1-(Continued)

1 (b) Welding Position : 2G

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk . CE Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)
SMAW
1 .75N -20°F L-2 1100 1 .8 31 .60 44 46 +4 .5 (E7018)

1 .00 +40 °F L-2 1150 1 32 .20 40 42 +5 .0 SMA

(E7018)

1 .50 +50°F L-1 1150 2 32 .68 78 94 +20 .5 SAW

1 .50 +10°F L-1 1150 2 32 .68 41 82 +100 (EL12)
1 .50 +10°F L-1 1150 2 32 .68 41 70 +70 .7
1 .50 0°F L-1 1150 2 32 .68 24 48 +100
1 .50 0°F L-1 1150 2 32 .68 29 53 +82 .8

1 .00 +40 °F L-2 1150 3 32 .97 40 100 +150 SMA

(E7018)

1 .00 .41H 0 °F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 45 42 -6 .7 FCA

1 .00N .37P 0 °F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 38 19 22 48 -50 .0 +118 SMA

1 .00N .37P 0 °F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 36 74 +106 (E7018)

1 .25 -30°F L-2 1150 15 32 .68 24 34 +41 .7 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .50 0°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 49 53 +8 . 2 SAW

1 .50 -20°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 50 46 -8 .0
1 .50 -40°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 21 28 +33 .3
1 .50 -60°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 16 14 -12 .5

1 .50N .41H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 82 51 -37 .8 SMA

1 .50N .41H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 83 66 -20 .5 (E7018)
1 .50N .41H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 72
1 .50N .41H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 59

1 .50N .41H -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 77 48 -37 .7 SMA

1 .50N .41H -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 71 46 -35 .2 (E7018)
1 .50N .41H -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 51
1 .50N .41 H -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 48

2 .00N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 13 20 +53 .8 FCA

2 .00N 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 13 23 +76 . 9 (E71T-1)

1 .50N +20°F 1-1 1150 2 32 .68 206 168 -18 .4 AG1

1 .50N 0°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 177 122 -31 .0 (EM12K)

1 .50N +20°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 32 33 +3 .1 AG1

1 .50N -20°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 21 24 +14 .3 (EL12)

Table continues on the next page

50 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 1-(Continued)

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk . CE Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)

1 .00 0°F T-2 1150 5 33.33 30 34 +13 .3 FCA

(E71T-1)

1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 6 33 .45 75 53 -29 .3 AGW1

1 .25 -20°F T-2 1150 6 33.45 49 41 -16 .3 (EM12K)

1 .50N 0°F T-2 1150 8 33 .64 77 96 +24 .7 AG1

1 .50N -20°F T-2 1150 8 33 .64 55 99 +80 .0 (EL12)

1 .50N 0°F T-2 1150 8 33.64 68 97 +42 .6 AG1

1 .50N -20°F T-2 1150 8 33 .64 70 84 +20 .0 (EM12K)

1 (c) Welding Position : 3G

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk. CE Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)

1 .00 .38P +70°F L2 1100 4 32 .14 241 239 239 0 SMAW

Mod . .38P 0°F L-2 1100 4 32 .14 241 240 240 0 E8018-C3
(CR) .38P -40°F L-2 1100 4 32 .14 240 241 241 0
.38P -60°F L-2 1100 4 32 .14 240 241 166 -31 .1

0 .63N .40P +68°F L-2 1150 1 32 .20 105 75 106 +41 .3 SMAW
0 .63N .40P -20°F L-2 1150 1 32 .20 76 51 83 +62 .7 E8018-C1
0 .63N .40P -40°F L-2 1150 1 32 .20 47 38 59 +55 .3

0 .75 0°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 57 47 59 43 -17 .5 -27 .1 SMAW

(E7018)

0 .75 -20°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 38 27 46 32 -28 .9 -30 .4 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .25N +30°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 30 60 +100 FCA

1 .25N +30°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 35 35 0 (E71T-1)
1 .25N 0°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 53 46 -13 .2
1 .25N 0°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 53 24 -54 .7

2 .00N +32°F L-2 1150 10 33 .81 59 38 53 47 -35 .6 -11 .3 FCA

(E70T-1)
1 .00N .37P 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 38 19 35 51 -50 .0 +45 .7 SMAW
1 .00N .37P 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 50 47 -6 .0 (E7018)

1 .50 .42H 0°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 35 43 +22 .9 FCA

1 .50 .42H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 39 33 -15 .4 (E71T-1)

Table continues on the next page

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 51



Table 1 -(Continued)

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk . CE Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)

1 .50N .41H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 66 59 -10 .6 SMA

1 .50N .41H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 75 69 -8 .0 (E7018)
1 .50N .41H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 76
1 .50N .41H 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 81

1 .50N .41H -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 37 47 +27 .0 SMA

1 .50N .41H -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 54 64 +18 .5 (E7018)
1 .50N .41H -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 51
1 .50N .41H -20°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 37

1 .25 -30°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 26 45 +73 .0 SMAW

(E7018)

2 .00N -13°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 29 44 +51 .7 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .00 .38P +70°F 1-2 1100 4 32 .14 175 182 170 153 +4 .0 -10 .0 SMAW
Mod . .38P 0°F T-2 1100 4 32 .14 157 147 135 118 -6 .4 -12 .6 E8018-C3
(CR) .38P -40°F T-2 1100 4 32 .14 136 115 105 117 -15 .4 +11 .4
.38P -60°F T-2 1100 4 32 .14 103 94 96 52 -8 .7 -45 .8

0.63 .40P +68°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 81 74 70 71 -8 .6 +1 .4 SMAW

0.63 .40P -20°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 37 40 45 74 +8 . 1 +64 .4 E8018-C1
0 .63 .40P -40°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 27 29 36 53 +7 . 4 +47 .2

1 .00 +40°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 33 33 0 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .50 0°F T-1 1150 2 33 .17 20 27 +35 .0 FCA

1 .50 -5°F T-1 1150 2 33 .17 20 27 +35 .0 (E71T-8)
1 .50 0°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 25 35 +40 .0
1 .50 0°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 27 41 +51 .9
1 .50 -5°F T-2 1150 2 33.17 20 30 +50 .0
1 .50 -10°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 25 31 +24 .0
1 .50 -20°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 20 36 +80 .0
1 .50 -30°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 15 32 +113
1 .50 -40°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 14 28 +100

1 .00 +40°F T-2 1150 3 32 .97 33 34 +3 .0 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .12 -31°F T-2 1150 6 33 .45 26 23 -11 .5 SMAW

(8018-Cl)

1 .30N +20°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 24 26 +8 .3 SMAW

1 .30N +20°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 21 26 +23 . 9 (E7018)
1 .30N +20°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 24 26 37 43 +8 .3 +16 .2

52 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 1 -(Continued)

1 (d) Welding Position : OD

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk. CE Test Dir. Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in ./HT Temp °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)

1 .75 -20°F L-2 1100 1 .8 31 .60 45 86 +91 .1 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .00 +40 °F L-2 1150 1 32 .20 20 29 +45 .0 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .00 +40 °F L-2 1150 3 32 .97 20 35 +75 .0 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .00N .37 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 38 19 78 92 -50 .0 +17 .9 SMAW

1 .00N .37 0 °F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 59 85 +44 .1 (E7018)

1 .50N .41 0 °F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 99 105 +6 .1 SMAW

1 .50N .41 0 °F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 91 88 -3 .3 (E7018)
1 .50N .41 -20 °F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 94 68 -27 .7
1 .50N .41 -20 °F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 84 79 -6 .0

1 .25 -30°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 25 56 +124 SMAW

(E7018)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 53



Table 1 -(Continued)

1 (e) A 516 Gr . 70 Plate (Additional Base Metal Data)

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN App . A

Thk . CE Test Dir . Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT A CVN, Page
in ./HT Temp . °F CVN CVN % No ./(HI)

1 .00CR .38P +70°F L 241 28

(Mod) .38P +0°F L 241
1 .00CR .38P -40°F L 240
(Mod) .38P -60°F L 240

1 .00CR .38P +70°F T 1100F 4 32 .14 175 182 +4 .0 28

(Mod) .38P +0°F T 1100F 4 32 .14 157 147 -6 .4
1 .00CR .38P -40°F T 1100F 4 32 .14 136 115 -15 .4
(Mod) .38P -60°F T 1100F 4 32 .14 103 94 -8 .7

1 .48 N +70°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 63 55 -12 .7 8

1 .48 N +20°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 29 34 +17 .2
1 .48 N +0°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 20 17 -15 .0
1 .48 N -20°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 10 12 +20 .0

1 .48 N +70°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 28 29 +3 .6 8

1 .48 N +20°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 16 14 -12 .5
1 .48 N +0°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 11 13 +18 .2
1 .48 N -20°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 9 8 -11 .1

1 .48 N +70°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 73 60 -17 .8 8

1 .48 N +20°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 36 32 -11 .1
1 .48 N +0°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 23 14 -39 .1
1 .48 N -20°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 18 9 -50 .0

1 .48 N +70°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 32 26 -18 .8 8

1 .48 N +20°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 16 18 +12 .5
1 .48 N +0°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 13 15 +15 .4
1 .48 N -20°F L 1150 1 .5 32 .48 11 9 -18 .2

1 .50 .39P 0°F L 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 40 43 +7 .5 13

1 .50 .39P 0°F L 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 40 49 +22 .5 13

1 .50 N .44P +70°F L 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 64 55 -14 .1 15

1 .50 N .44P +20°F L 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 31 27 -12 .9
1 .50 N .44P 0°F L 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 19 20 +5.3
1 .50 N .44P -20°F L 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 14 14 0

1 .00 0°F L 1150 8 33 .65 26 36 +38 .5 3

1 .50 N .40P +70°F L 1150 8 33 .65 101 104 +3 .0 17

1 .50 N .40P +50 °F L 1150 8 33 .65 97 75 -22 .7
1 .50 N .40P +30 °F L 1150 8 33 .65 78 70 -10 .3
1 .50 N .40P +10 °F L 1150 8 33 .65 61 55 -9 .8
1 .50 N .40P -10°F L 1150 8 33 .65 39 31 -20 .5
1 .50 N .40P -30 °F L 1150 8 33 .65 23 32 +39 .1
1 .50 N .40P -60 °F L 1150 8 33 .65 9 4 -55 .6
Table continues on the next two pages

54 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 1-(Continued)

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN

Thk . CE Test Dir . Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT A CVN,
in ./HT Temp . °F CVN CVN %

2 .00N +30°F L 1150 8 33 .65 73 79 +8 .2

2 .00N +30°F L 1150 8 33 .65 85 90 +5 .9

2 .75QT 0 .44P +70°F L 1150F 8 33 .65 134 145 +8 .2

2 .75QT 0 .44P +30°F L 1150F 8 33 .65 117 98 -16 .2
2 .75QT 0 .44P -10°F L 1150F 8 33 .65 84 49 -41 .7
2 .75QT 0 .44P -30°F L 1150F 8 33 .65 90 31 -65 .6
2 .75QT 0 .44P -50°F L 1150F 8 33 .65 59
2 .75QT 0 .44P -60°F L 1150F 8 33 .65 13
2 .75QT 0.44P -90°F L 1150F 8 33 .65 26 8 -69 .2

3 .00N 0 .39P 0°F L 1150F 8 33 .65 60 69 +15 .0

2 .00N +32°F L 1150 10 33 .81 59 38 -35 .6

2 .00N +32°F L 1150 10 33 .81 62 46 -25 .8

2 .00N +32°F L 1150 10 33 .81 76 57 -25 .0

1 .50 N .40P +70 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 101 91 -9 .9

1 .50 N .40P +50 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 97 82 -15 .5
1 .50 N .40P +30 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 78 45 -42 .3
1 .50 N .40P +10 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 61 25 -59 .0
1 .50 N .40P -30 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 23 5 -78 .3

1 .50 N .40P +10 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 61 37 -39 .3

1 .50 N .40P -30 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 23 17 -26 .1
1 .50 N .40P -60 °F L 1150 15 33 .65 9 2 -77 .8

1 .50 N .40P +70 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 69 65 -5 .8

1 .50 N .40P +30 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 35 46 +31 .4
1 .50 N .40P +10 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 27 30 +11 .1
1 .50 N .40P -30 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 14 11 -21 .4

1 .00 N .37P 0°F L 1150 15 34 .09 38 19 -50 .0

2 .00 N 0°F L 1150 15 34 .09 29 19 -34 .5

2 .00 N .41P 0°F L 1150 15 34 .09 62 71 +14 .5

2 .00N -15 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 42 29 -31 .0

2 .00N -15 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 55 35 -36 .4
2 .00N -25 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 34 21 -38 .2
2 .00N -25 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 34 29 -14 .7

2 .00N -15 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 42 32 -23 .8

2 .00N -25 °F L 1150 15 34 .09 44 29 -34 .1

Continuation of the table on previous page

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 55



Table 1 -(Continued)

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN

Thk . CE Test Dir . Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT A CVN,
in ./HT Temp . °F CVN CVN %

2 .75QT .44P +70°F L 1150F 15 34 .09 134 145 +8 .2

2 .75QT .44P +30°F L 1150F 15 34 .09 117 138 +17 .9
2 .75QT .44P -10°F L 1150F 15 34 .09 84 81 -3 .6
2 .75QT .44P -30°F L 1150F 15 34 .09 90 64 -28 .9
2 .75QT .44P -50°F L 1150F 15 34 .09 59 37 -37 .3
2 .75QT .44P -90°F L 1150F 15 34 .09 26 16(?) -38 .5 (?)
(ave .)

0 .63 N .40P +68°F T 1150 1 32 .20 81 74 -8 .6

0 .63 N .40P -20°F T 1150 1 32 .20 37 40 +8 .1
0 .63 N .40P -40°F T 1150 1 32 .20 27 29 +7 .4

1 .50 N .44P +70°F T 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 39 41 +5 .1

1 .50 N .44P +20°F T 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 23 23 0
1 .50 N .44P 0°F T 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 13 19 +46 .1
1 .50 N .44P -20°F T 1150F 1 .5 32 .48 9 10 +11 .1

1 .30 N +20°F T 1150 8 33 .65 23ave 26 +13 .0

1 .50 0°F T 1150 8 33 .65 58 41 -29 .3

1 .50 -20°F T 1150 8 33 .65 39 60 +53 .8

Continuation of the table on previous two pages

56 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 2-Summary of Base Metal & HAZ Impact Values-A 537 CI .1

2 (a) Welding Position: 1G

Mat'I Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Weld.
Thk . CE Test Dir .- Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in . Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (W .O .)

1 .56 +30°F 1100 1 .6 31 .52 37 37 0 FCA

1 .56 0°F 1100 1 .6 31 .52 27 28 +3.7 (70T-1)
1 .56 -20°F 1100 1 .6 31 .52 25 25 0

0 .50 -40°F L-1 1150 1 32 .20 35 16 45 28 -54 .3 -37.8 SMA

(E7018)

0.50 -40°F L-NS 1075 38 33 .12 67 106 +58 .2 SMA

(E8016
-Cl)
2 .00 -20°F L-1 1150 4 33 .17 72 36 108 63 -50 .0 -41 .7 SAT
(EM12K)

2 .25 0°F L-1 1150 6 33 .45 56 35 -37 .5 SA2

2 .25 0°F L-1 1150 6 33 .45 41 42 +2 .4

2 .00 0°F L-1 1150 6 33 .45 82 102 +24 .4 FCA

2 .00 0°F L-1 1150 6 33 .45 32 74 +131 (70T-5)

1 .25 -20°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 179 183 +2 . 2 FCA

(E70T-1)

1 .25 -20°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 24 14 -41 .7 AG1

1 .25 -20°F T-1 1150 2 32.68 24 17 -29 . 2 (NITTYD)

1 .50 -40°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 20 128 +540 SA1

1 .50 -40°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 16 128 +700 (EH14)

1 .50 -40°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 37 113 +205 SA1

1 .50 -60°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 26 95 +265

1 .62 +20°F T-2 1150 3 32 .97 38 33 25 38 -13 .2 +52 .0 SMA

(E7018)

0 .43 -12°F T-2 1150 6 33 .45 99 88 123 +39 .8 SMA

0 .43 -12°F T-2 1150 6 33 .45 99 83 113 +36 .1 (E7018)

L-NS = Longitudinal test specimen, near side

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 57



Table 2-(Continued)

2 (b) Welding Position : 2G

Mat'l Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk . CE Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in . Temp . Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)

2 .00 -20°F L-2 1100 2 31 .67 47 72 +53 .2 SMA

E7018

0 .50 -71°F L-NS 1075 38 33 .12 29 50 +72 .4 SMA

1 .50 -20°F L-1 1150 15 34.09 41 37 25 50 -9 .8 +100 SAW

1 .50 -40°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 30 25 27 45 -16 .7 +66 .7 (EN14)
1 .50 -60°F L-1 1150 15 34.09 29 19 20 35 -34 .5 +75 .0
1 .50 -70°F L-1 1150 15 34 .09 20 9
1 .50 -75°F L-1 1150 15 34.09 12 23

1 .63 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 57 71 +24 .6 FCA

1 .63 0°F L-2 1150 15 34 .09 67 71 +6 .0 (E71T-1)

2.50 +10°F 1-1 1100 2 .5 30.58 53 40 -24 .5 SMA

2 .50 +10°F 1-1 1100 2 .5 30 .58 32 40 +25 .0 (E7018)
2.50 +10°F 1-2 1100 2 .5 30.58 42 33 -21 .4
2 .50 +10°F 1-2 1100 2 .5 30 .58 38 44 +15 .8

1 .25 -60°F 1-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 200 159 113 115 -20 .5 +1 .8 AG1/2
1 .25 -60°F 1-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 200 159 42 39 -20 .5 -7 .1 (EN14)

1 .25 +30°F 1-2 1150 1 .3 32 .38 49 45 49 47 -8 .2 -4 .1 AG1

1 .25 -5°F T-2 1150 1 .3 32.38 36 29 43 47 -19 .4 +9 .3 (EM12K)

1 .50 -40°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32.48 22 23 +4 .5 AGW

(EL12)

1 .50 .48P +20°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 32 40 +25 .0 SMA

1 .50 .48P +20°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32.48 53 40 -24 .5 (E7018)

1 .25 +30°F T-2 1150 2 32 .68 36 55 +52 .8 FCA

1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 2 32.68 34 47 +38 .2 (E711-1)

1 .50 0°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 26 40 +53 .8 AG1/2

1 .50 -20°F T-1 1150 2 32 .68 21 24 35 +45 .8 (EM12K)

1 .50 -40°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 27 136 +404 AG1

1 .50 -60°F T-2 1150 8 33.65 31 134 +332 (EN14)

1 .50 -40°F T-2 1150 8 33.65 22 123 +459 AG1

1 .50 -60°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 18 86 +378 (EG)

58 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 2-(Continued)

2 (c) Welding Position : 3G

Mat'l Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk . CE Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in . Temp. Side °F _CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)

0 .98 -4°F L-2 1076 2 31 .18 241 241 209 182 0 -12 .9 SMA
2 E8018-C1
0 .98 -58°F L-2 1076 31 .18 56? 241(?) 129 106 -17 .8

1 .44 .38H +70°F L-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 145 136 SMA

E8018-C1
1 .44 .41P -40°F L-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 106 58
1 .44 .38H -60°F L-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 71 51
1 .44 .41P -60°F L-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 71 51 62 ave +21 .7
1 .44 .38P -76°F L-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 50 16 ? 12
1 .44 .41P +70°F L-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 145 136
1 .44 .38H -40°F L-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 106 29
1 .44 .41P -60°F L-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 71 34

1 .50 .48P +20°F L-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 63 51 80 78 -19 .0 -2 .5 SMA

1 .50 .48P +20°F L-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 57 44 83 83 -22 .8 0 (E7018)

1 .00 +70°F L-2 1110 4 32 .35 152 180 159 -11 .7 SMA
1 .00 0°F L-2 1110 4 32 .35 123 175 104 -40.6 E8018-C3

1 .00 -40°F L-2 1110 4 32 .35 104 69 69 0

1 .00 -60°F L-2 1110 4 32 .35 62 51 74 +45 .1

1 .25 .35H +30°F L-2 1150 1 .3 32 .38 99 95 107 92 -4 .0 -14 .0 SMA

.41P (E7018)
(H254/5F)
0 .76 .48P +70°F L-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 119 80 120 +50 .0 SMA
0 .76 .48P +20°F L-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 111 37 89 +141 (E7018)
0 .76 .48P 0°F L-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 93 41 76 +85 .4
0 .76 .48P -60°F L-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 58 15 45 +200

1 .25 +30°F L-2 1150 2 32 .68 81 82 +1 .2 FCA

1 .25 0°F L-2 1150 2 32 .68 52 59 +13 .5 (E71T-1)

1 .25 .45P +50°F L-2 1150 2 32 .68 88 86 -2 .3 SMA

1 .25 .45P +50°F L-2 1150 2 32 .68 98 94 -4 .1 (E7018)
1 .25 .45P +30°F L-2 1150 2 32 .68 59 91 +54 .2
1 .25 .45P +30°F L-2 1150 2 32 .68 68 91 +33 .8

1 .00 +20°F L-2 1125 8 33 .13 118 108 SMA

-10°F L-2 1125 8 33 .13 109 56 E8018-C1
1 .00
1 .00 -40°F L-2 1125 8 33 .13 96 35

1 .00 0°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 102 179 +75 .5 FCA

1 .00 -20°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 73 157 +115 (E71T-8)

1 .00 -60°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 90 43 -52 .2 GMA

L-2 1150 8 33 .65 27 43 +59 .3 ER70S-G
1 .00 -60°F

Table continues on the next two pages

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 59



Table 2-(Continued)

Mat'I Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk . CE Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in . Temp . Side °F _ CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)
1 .00 -60°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 70 189 +170 GMA
ER70S-G

1 .25 0°F L-6 1150 8 33 .65 160 191 +19 .4 FCA

(E71T-1)

1 .50 .52P +70°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 90 75 29 62 -16 .7 +114 EGW

1 .50 .52P +30°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 78 66 21 43 -15 .4 +105 EG70T1
1 .50 .52P +10°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 54 55 15 34 +1 .9 +127
1 .50 .52P 0°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 42 37 13 27 -11 .9 +108

1 .50 .52P 0°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 57 46 39 47 -19 .3 +20 .5 FCA

1 .50 .52P -20°F L-1 1150 8 33 .65 47 37 28 40 -21 .2 +42 .9 ( EnT- 8 )

1 .50 .43P -40°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 80 77 83 86 -3 .8 +3 .6 SMA

1 .50 .43P -60°F L-2 1150 8 33 .65 92 82 53 82 -10 .9 +54 .7 E8018-C1

2 .12 +32°F T-1 1100 2 31 .67 42 45 42 43 +7 .1 +2 .4 SMA

(E7018)

1 .38 -60°F 1-1 1125 1 .4 31 .93 30 36 +20 .0 SMA

1 .38 -60°F T-2 1125 1 .4 31 .93 30 46 +53 .3 E8018-C1

1 .44 .38H +70°F T-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 137 126 SMA

1 .44 .41P -40°F T-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 71 66 E8018- Cl
1 .44 .38H -60°F 1-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 47 51
1 .44 .41P -76°F T-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 37 36
1 .44 .38H +70°F T-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 137 116
1 .44 .41P -40°F 1-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 71 76
1 .44 .38H -60°F T-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 47 20
1 .44 .41P -76°F 1-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 37 31

1 .44 .38H -60°F 1-1 1125 1 .5 31 .98 59 ave SMA

1 .44 .38H -60°F T-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 77 E8018- Cl
1 .44 .41P -76°F 1-2 1125 1 .5 31 .98 32 ay . 28 ave -12 .5

1 .00 +70°F T-2 1110 4 32 .35 132 134 132 105 +1 .5 -20 .5 SMA
1 .00 0°F 1-2 1110 4 32 .35 90 74 91 78 -17 .8 -14 .3 E8018-C3
1 .00 -40°F T-2 1110 4 32 .35 63 49 70 54 -22 .2 -22 .9
1 .00 -60°F 1-2 1110 4 32 .35 59 33 46 59 -44 .1 +28 .3

0 .76 .48P +70°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 34 43 31 40 +26 .5 +29 .0 SMA

0 .76 .48P +20°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 33 41 27 32 +24.2 +18 .5 (E7018)
0 .76 .48P 0°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 28 20 32 +60 .0
0 .76 .48P -60°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 16 18 15 20 +12.5 +33 .3

0 .62 +20°F T-2 1125 8 33 .13 31 27 30 +11 .1 SMA

0 .75 +20°F 1-2 1125 8 33 .13 33 29 25 33 -12 .1 +32 .0 GTA

60 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 2-(Continued)

Mat'I Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk . CE Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in . Temp . Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (WM)

0 .48 -10°F T-1 1150 4 33 .17 101 94 132 142 -6 .9 +7 .6 SMA

2 .00 -20°F T-1 1150 6 33 .45 45 41 -8 .9 SMA

2 .00 -20°F 1-2 1150 6 33 .45 37 47 +27 . 0 (E7018)

0 .75 -60°F T-1 1150 8 33 .65 67 62 -7 .5 GTA

(ER70S
-2)

* Ave . = 50 kj/in.

2 (d) Welding Position: OD

Mat'l Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN HAZ, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Thk . CE Test Dir . Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT BM HAZ Process
in . Temp . °F CVN CVN CVN CVN (W .O .)

2 .50 +10°F T-1 1100 2 .5 31 .82 47 59 +25 .5 SMA

2 .50 +10°F T-1 1100 2 .5 31 .82 37 52 +40 .5 SMA
2 .50 +10°F T-2 1100 2.5 31 .82 59 55 -6 .8
2 .50 +10°F T-2 1100 2 .5 31 .82 45 46 +2 .2

2 .00 -20°F T-1 1150 6 33 .45 45 35 -22 .2 SMA

2 .00 -20°F T-2 1150 6 33 .45 46 48 +4 .3

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 61



Table 2- (Continued)

2 (e) A 537, C1 .1 Plate (Additional Base Metal Data)

Mat'l Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN (Ave .)

Thk . CE Test Dir. Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT A CVN,
in ./HT Temp . °F CVN CVN %

1 .18 -76°F L 1025 1 .2 29 .82 48 59 +22 .9

1 .18 -76°F L 1025 1 .2 29 .82 48 37 -22 .9
1 .18 -76°F L 1076 1 30 .72 48 91 +89 .6
1 .18 -76°F L 1076 1 30 .72 48 70 +45 .8

0 .98 -4°F L 1076 2 31 .18 241 241 0

0 .98 -58°F L 1076 2 31 .18 56(?) 241 ?

1 .16 .40P +68°F L 1100 1 .2 31 .32 161 138 -14 .3

1 .16 .40P +32°F L 1100 1 .2 31 .32 160 150 -6 .3
1 .16 .40P -11 °F L 1100 1 .2 31 .32 127 89 -29 .9
1 .16 .40P -40°F L 1100 1 .2 31 .32 117 64 -45 .3

1 .36 .35P +68°F L 1100 1 .3 31 .38 112 109 -2 .7

1 .36 .35P +32°F L 1100 1 .3 31 .38 112 101 -9 .8
1 .36 .35P -4°F L 1100 1 .3 31 .38 102 63 -38 .2
1 .36 .35P -58°F L 1100 1 .3 31 .38 27 21 -22 .2
1 .36 .35P -76°F L 1100 1 .3 31 .38 38 15 -60 .5

1 .18 -76°F L 1112 1 31 .44 48 73 +52 .1

1 .18 -76°F L 1112 1 31 .44 48 67 +39 .6

2 .00 .44P +70°F L 1100 2 31 .67 132 131 -0 .8

2 .00 .44P +32°F L 1100 2 31 .67 138 120 -13 .0
2 .00 .44P -15°F L 1100 2 31 .67 100 63 -37 .0
2 .00 .44P -40°F L 1100 2 31 .67 85 56 -34 .1

1 .44 .38H -76°F L 1125 1 .5 31 .98 50 16 -70 .0

.41P
1 .50 .48P +20°F L 1125 1 .5 31 .98 60 48 -20 .0
(ave .)
0 .50 -10°F L 1150 1 32 .20 35 16 -54 .3

1 .25 .35H +30°F L 1150 1 .3 32 .38 99 95 -4 .3

.41P
1 .50 0°F L 1150 4 33 .17 50 35 -30 .0

2 .00 -20°F L 1150 4 33 .17 72 36 -50 .0

1 .50 .52P +70°F L 1150 8 33 .65 90 75 -16 .7

1 .50 .52P +30°F L 1150 8 33 .65 78 66 -15 .4
1 .50 .52P +10°F L 1150 8 33 .65 54 55 +1 .9
1 .50 .52P 0°F L 1150 8 33 .65 42 37 -11 .9
1 .50 .52P 0°F L 1150 8 33 .65 57 46 -19 .3
1 .50 .52P -20°F L 1150 8 33 .65 47 37 -21 .3

1 .50 .43P -40°F L 1150 8 33 .65 80 77 -3 .8

1 .50 .43P -60°F L 1150 8 33 .65 92 82 -10 .9
Table continues on the next page

62 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 2-(Continued)

Material Test Cond . PWHT Conditions BM, CVN (Ave .)

Thk . CE Test Dir. Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT A CVN,
in ./HT Temp . °F CVN CVN %

1 .50 -20°F L 1150 15 34 .09 41 37 -9 .8

1 .50 -40°F L 1150 15 34 .09 30 25 -16 .7
1 .50 -60°F L 1150 15 34 .09 29 19 -34 .5

1 .16 .40P +68°F T 1100 1 .2 31 .32 70 79 +12 .9

1 .16 .40P +32°F T 1100 1 .2 31 .32 67 56 -16 .4
1 .16 .40P -11°F T 1100 1 .2 31 .32 38 46 +21 .1
1 .16 .40P -40°F T 1100 1 .2 31 .32 37 31 -16 .2

1 .36 .35P +68°F T 1100 1 .3 31 .38 57 -8 .7

1 .36 .35P +32°F T 1100 1 .3 31 .38 46 42 -6 .7
1 .36 .35P -4°F T 1100 1 .3 31 .38 30 28 0
1 .36 .35P -58°F T 1100 1 .3 31 .38 18 18 -7 .7
1 .36 .35P -76°F T 1100 1 .3 31 .38 13 12

2 .00 .44P +70°F T 1100 2 31 .67 56 49 -12 .5

2 .00 .44P +32°F T 1100 2 31 .67 55 37 -32 .7
2 .00 .44P -15°F T 1100 2 31 .67 36 26 -27 .8

2 .12 +32°F T 1100 2 31 .67 42 45 +7 .1

1 .25 -60°F T 1125 1 .5 31 .98 200 159 -20 .5

1 .44 .38H -76°F T 1125 1 .5 31 .98 37 37 0

1 .44 .41P -76°F T 1125 1 .5 31 .98 33 28 -15 .2
(ave .)
0 .76 .48P +70°F T 1150 1 32 .20 34 43 +26 .5
0 .76 .48P +20°F T 1150 1 32 .20 33 41 +24 .2
0 .76 .48P 0°F T 1150 1 32 .20 28
0 .76 .48P -60°F T 1150 1 32 .20 16 18 +12 .5
0 .76 .48P -75°F T 1150 1 32 .20 14 15 +7 .1

1 .00 +70°F T 1110 4 32 .35 132 134 +1 .5

1 .00 0°F T 1110 4 32 .35 90 74 -17 .8
1 .00 -40°F T 1110 4 32 .35 63 49 -22 .2
1 .00 -60°F T 1110 4 32 .35 59 33 -44 .1

1 .25 .35H +30°F T 1150 1 .3 32 .38 49 45 -8 .2

1 .25 .35H -5°F T 1150 1 .3 32 .38 36 29 -19 .4

1 .62 +20°F T 1150 3 32 .97 38 33 -13 .2

0 .75 +20°F T 1125 8 33 .13 33 29 -12 .1

0 .48 -10°F T 1150 4 33 .16 101 94 -6 .9

0 .50 -50°F T 1150 4 33 .16 96 16 -83 .3

1 .50 .43P -40°F T 1150 8 33 .65 107 69 -35 .5

1 .50 .43P -60°F T 1150 8 33 .65 103 75 -27 .2

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 63



Table 3-Summary of Weld Metal Impact Values

3 (a) Welding Position : 1G (SMAW)

A 283 Gr . C

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN, %
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Welding
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN & WM
(SMAW)

0 .50 -60°F T-1 1150 8 33 .65 66 104 +57 .6 E7016G

0.75 -60°F T-1 1150 8 33 .65 79 137 +73 .4 E7016G

0 .75 -20°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 30 47 +56 .7 E7016G

0 .75 -20°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 84 23 -72 .6
0 .75 -20°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 52 128 +146
0 .75 -20°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 175 93 -46 .9

3 (b) Welding Position : 3G (SMAW)

A 516 Gr . 70

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN o CVN, %
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Welding
Thk . Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN & WM
(SMAW)

1 .97 19°F T-1 1100 2 31 .67 40 49 +22 .5 E7016

41
1 .97 -4°F T-1 1100 2 31 .67 43 52 +20 .9 E7016
39, 28
1 .97 19°F T-2 1100 2 31 .67 82 E7016
42 36 -14 .3
1 .97 -4°F T-1 1100 2 31 .67 62 25 -59 .7 E7016

0 .75 70°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 78 108 +38 .5 E7018

0 .75 30°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 76 25 -67 .1
0 .75 0°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 16 35 +119
0 .75 -30°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 6 6 0
0 .75 -60°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 4 3 -25 .0

Table continues on the following three pages

64 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 3-(Continued)

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN o CVN,
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Welding
Thk . Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN & WM

1 .25 70°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 75 92 +22 .7 E7016

1 .25 30°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 45 88 +95 .6
1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 26 46 +76 .9
1 .25 -20°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 12 23 +91 .7
1 .25 -40°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 14 24 +71 .4

1 .25 70°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 84 88 +4 .8 E7018

1 .25 30°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 68 67 -1 .5
1 .25 0°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 49 29 -40 .8
1 .25 -20°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 25 30 +20 .0

1 .25 70°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 52 78 +50 .0 E7018

1 .25 30°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 19 68 +258
1 .25 20°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 18 36 +100
1 .25 0°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 9 19 +111

1 .25 70°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 87 87 0 E7018

1 .25 30°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 71 60 -15 .5
1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 44 59 +34 .1
1 .25 -20°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 40 40 0

1 .25 70°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 56 64 +14 .8 E7018

1 .25 30°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 38 51 +34 .2
1 .25 20°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 29 35 +20.7
1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 20 33 +65 .0

1 .25 70°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 107 108 +1 .0 E7018

1 .25 30°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 57 69 +21 .0
1 .25 20°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 55
1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 25 15 -40 .0

1 .25 -20°F T-1 28 E7018

1 .25 -40°F T-1 20

1 .25 70°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 49 62 +26 .5 E7018

1 .25 30°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 22 15 -31 .8
1 .25 20°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 16 16 0
1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 10 14 +40 .0

1 .25 70°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 100 93 -7 .0 E7018

1 .25 30°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 80 67 -16 .3
1 .25 20°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 60
1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 53 58 +9 .4

1 .25 -20°F T-2 32 E7018

1 .25 -40°F T-2 25

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 65



Table 3-(Continued)

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN, %
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Welding
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F _ CVN CVN CVN CVN & WM

1 .25 70°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 62 73 +17 .7 E7018

1 .25 30°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 52 40 -23 .1
1 .25 20°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 39 47 +20 .5
1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 33 23 -30 .3

1 .25 30°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 111 137 +23 .4 E7018

1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 78 99 +26 .9
1 .25 0°F T-1 1150 8 33 .65 92 116 +26 .1
1 .25 -20°F T-1 1150 8 33 .65 36 75 +108
1 .25 -40°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 16 46 +188

1 .25 30°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 92 110 +19 .6 E7018

1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 59 73 +23 .7
1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 82 80 -2 .4
1 .25 -20°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 54 77 +42 .6
1 .25 -40°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 24 58 +142

1 .25 30°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 102 127 +24 .5 E7018

1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 93 133 +43 .0
1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 92 128 +39 .1
1 .25 -20°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 68 91 +33 .8
1 .25 -40°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 35 81 +131

1 .25 30°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 99 128 +29 .3 E7018

1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 82 121 +47 .6
1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 55 113 +106
1 .25 -20°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 53 96 +81 .1
1 .25 -40°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 42 74 +86 .2

1 .25 0°F T-1 1150 8 33 .65 107 134 +25 .2 E7016G

1 .25 -20°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 41 128 +212
1 .25 -40°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 62 101 +62 .9
1 .25 -60°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 42 62 +47 .6
1 .25 -60°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 26

1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 107 128 +19 .6 E7016G

1 .25 -20°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 83 120 +44 .6
1 .25 -40°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 56 104 +85 .7
1 .25 -60°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 37 90 +143
1 .25 -60°F 1-2 1150 8 33 .65 47

1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 89 114 +28 .1 E7016G

1 .25 -20°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 56 97 +73 .2 (H940W/
1 .25 -40°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 33 57 +72 .3 H941 W)
1 .25 -60°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 16 39 +144
1 .25 -60°F 1-1 1150 8 33 .65 36 48 +33 .3

66 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 3-(Continued)

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN,
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Welding
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN & WM

1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 51 89 +74 .5 E7016G

1 .25 -20°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 43 93 +140
1 .25 -40°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 40 62 +55 .0
1 .25 -60°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 19 39 +105
1 .25 -60°F T-2 1150 8 33 .65 27 61 +126

1 .25 40°F T-1 115 E7016

1 .25 0°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 103 184 +78 .6
1 .25 -20°F T-1 85
1 .25 -40°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 43 153 +256
1 .25 -60°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 34 28 -17 .6

1 .25 40°F T-2 110 E7016

1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 15 34 .09 92 128 +39 .1
1 .25 -20°F T-2 1150 15 92
1 .25 -40°F T-2 1150 15 34 .09 44 94 +114
1 .25 -60°F 2 1150 15 34 .09 49 92 +87 .8

3 (b) Welding Position : 3G (SMAW)

A 537 Cl . 1

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN,
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Welding
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN & WM
(SMAW)

1 .25 70°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 84 82 -2 .3 E7018

1 .25 30°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 25
1 .25 0°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 16 14 -12 .5
1 .25 -30°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 13 6 -53 .8
1 .25 -60°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 6 5 -16 .7

1 .25 70°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 101 79 -21 .8 E7018

1 .25 30°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 69
1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 58 29 -50 .0
1 .25 -30°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 11 12 +9. 1
1 .25 -60°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 6 8 +33 .3

1 .50 70°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 84 79 -10 .0 E7018

1 .50 30°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 55 60 +9.1
1 .50 0°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 30 34 +13 .3
1 .50 -30°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 27 27 0
1 .50 -60°F T-1 1150 1 32 .20 10 14 +40 .0

Table continues on the following two pages

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 67



Table 3-(Continued)

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN, °la
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Welding
Thk. Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN & WM

1 .50 70°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 54 63 +16 .7 E7018

1 .50 30°F 1-2 1150 1 32 .20 69 45 -34 .8
1 .50 0°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 59 18 -52 .5
1 .50 -30°F 1-2 1150 1 32 .20 44 12 -72 .7
1 .50 -60°F T-2 1150 1 32 .20 8

0 .75 70°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 78 73 -6 .4 E7018

0 .75 30°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 43 39 -9 .3
0.75 0°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 17 18 +5 .9

1 .25 70°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 81 71 -12 .3 E7018

1 .25 30°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 51 62 +21 .6
1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 31 22 -29 .0
1 .25 -20°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 18 19 +5 .6
1 .25 -40°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 7 10 +42 .9

1 .25 70°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 74 87 +17 .6 E7018

1 .25 30°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 54 60 +11 .1
1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 37 59 +59 .5
1 .25 -20°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 24 40 +66 .7
1 .25 -40°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 14 22 +57 .1

1 .25 20°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 57 73 +28 .1 E7018

1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 55 56 +1 .8
1 .25 -30°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 30 13 -56 .7

1 .25 20°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 73 80 +9 .6 E7018

1 .25 0°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 49 73 +49 .0
1 .25 -30°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 38 54 +42 .1

1 .25 20°F T-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 44 70 +59.1 E7018

1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 20 43 +115
1 .25 -30°F 1-1 1150 1 .5 32 .48 27 28 +3 .7

1 .25 20°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 54 70 +29 .6 E7018

1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 55 62 +12 .7
1 .25 -30°F 1-2 1150 1 .5 32 .48 25 36 +44.0

1 .25 70°F 1-1 1150 2 33 .17 62 77 +24 .2 E7018

1 .25 50°F 1-1 1150 2 33 .17 29 56 +93 .1
1 .25 30°F 1-1 1150 2 33 .17 25 33 +32 .0
1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 2 33 .17 14 14 0

1 .25 70°F 1-1 1150 2 33 .17 50 84 +68 .0 E7018

1 .25 50°F T-1 1150 2 33 .17 45 78 +73 .3
1 .25 30°F 1-1 1150 2 33 .17 32 72 +156
1 .25 0°F 1-1 1150 2 33 .17 20 23 +15 .0

68 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 3-(Continued)

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN o CVN, %
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Welding
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM Process
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN & WM

1 .25 70°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 76 80 +5 .3 E7018

1 .25 50°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 81 76 -6.2
1 .25 30°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 53 68 +28 .3
1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 2 33 .17 41 54 +31 .7

1 .25 0°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 91 179 +96 .7 E7016

1 .25 -30°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 81 32 -60 .5
1 .25 -40°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 27 122 +352
1 .25 -60°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 11 46 +318
1 .25 -75°F T-1 1150 15 34 .09 7 57 +714

1 .25 0°F T-2 1150 15 34 .09 104 241 +132 E7016

1 .25 -30°F T-2 1150 15 34 .09 93 119 +28 .0
1 .25 -40°F T-2 1150 15 34 .09 86 101 +17 .4
1 .25 -60°F T-2 1150 15 34 .09 71 22 -69 .0
1 .25 -75°F 1-2 1150 15 34 .09 45 93 +107

3 (b) Welding Position : 3G (SMAW)

International Steels
JIS G 3106, Gr. SM53 CN, t = 1 .38" (Similar to A 537, Cl . 1) . (C = 0 .15, Mn = 1 .38, Si = 0 .36, Al = (not given),
Nb = 0 .000, V = 0 .060).

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN o CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

1 .38 N +32°F L-1 1100 1 .4 31 .43 49 142 +190 E7016

1 .38 N +68°F L-2 1100 1 .4 31 .43 123 141 E7016

1 .38 N +32°F L-2 1100 1 .4 31 .43 107 148
1 .38 N - 4°F L-2 1100 1 .4 31 .43 101 92
1 .38 N -40°F L-2 1100 1 .4 31 .43 47 81

1 .38 N +68°F T-1 1100 1 .4 31 .43 63 76 +20 .6 E7016

1 .38 N +32°F T-1 1100 1 .4 31 .43 44 58 +31 .8
1 .38 N - 4°F T-1 1100 1 .4 31 .43 29 25 -13 .8
1 .38 N -40°F T-1 1100 1 .4 31 .43 12 15 +25 .0

1 .38 N +68°F T-2 1100 1 .4 31 .43 48 100 88 84 +108 -4 .5 E7016

1 .38 N +32°F T-2 1100 1 .4 31 .43 42 92 82 70 +119 -14 .6
1 .38 N - 4°F T-2 1100 1 .4 31 .43 34 33 53 65 -2 .9 +22 .6
1 .38 N -40°F T-2 1100 1 .4 31 .43 50 22 45 26 -56 .0 -42 .2

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 69



Table 3-(Continued)

Y36 50N, t = 1 .75" (Similar to A 537, Cl . 1) . (C = 0, Mn = 1 .56, Si = 0 .43, Al (not listed), Nb = 0 .000,
V = 0 .003, Ni = 0 .08).

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

1 .75 N +19°F L-1 1150 3 .5 33 .08 51 55 +7 .8 E7016

1 .75 N +68°F L-2 1150 3 .5 33 .08 112 128 +14 .3

1 .75 N +19°F L-2 1150 3 .5 33 .08 82 98 43 54 +19 .5 +25 .6 E7016
1 .75 N -4°F L-2 1150 3 .5 33 .08 53 71 +34 .0

1 .75 N +68°F L-2 1150 3 .5 33 .08 57 75 +31 .6 E7016

1 .75 N +19°F L-2 1150 3 .5 33 .08 48 64 +33 .3
1 .75 N -4°F L-2 1150 3 .5 33 .08 39 51 +30 .8

Domex 360D Norm . (Similar to A 737, Gr . B). (C = 0 .14-0 .16, Mn = 1 .22-1 .30, Si = 0 .27-0 .29,
Al = 0 .040-0 .047, Nb = 0 .025-0 .033, V = 0 .000-0 .010).

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN o CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F _ CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

0 .87 68°F T-1 1100 0 .7 30 .96 43 47 83 +76 .6 E7016

0 .87 32°F T-1 1100 0 .7 30 .96 48 46 61 +32 .6
0 .87 -4°F T-1 1100 0 .7 30 .96 37 29 44 +51 .7

0 .87 -40°F T-1 1100 0 .7 30 .96 14 17 17 0 E7016

0 .87 -40°F T-1 1100 0 .7 30 .96 32 21 20 -34 .4

0 .87 68°F T-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 41 52 62 61 +26 .8 -1 .6 E7016

0 .87 32°F T-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 37 50 45 35 +35.1 -22 .2
0 .87 -4°F T-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 35 47 34 32 +34 .3 -5 .9

0 .87 -40°F T-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 28 35 13 12 +25 .0 -7 .7 E7016

0 .87 -40°F T-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 30

0 .87 -40°F L-1 1100 0 .7 30 .96 57 62 +8 . 8 E7016

0 .87 68°F L-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 94 89 -5.3 E7016

0 .87 32°F L-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 86 90 +4 .7
0 .87 -4°F L-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 66 92 +39 .4
0 .87 -40°F L-2 1100 0 .7 30 .96 46 71 +54 .3

70 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 3-(Continued)

BS 1501-213, Gr . 32A Norm . (Similar to A 737, Gr . B) . (C = 0 .19, Mn = 1 .32, Nb = 0 .031, V = 0.000)

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

1 .22 68°F T-1 1100 1 .2 31 .32 52 51 47 79 -1 .9 +68 .1 E7016

1 .22 32°F T-1 1100 1 .2 31 .32 43 46 31 58 +7 .0 +87 .1
1 .22 -4°F T-1 1100 1 .2 31 .32 29 36 22 36 +24 .1 +63 .6
1 .22 -4°F T-1 1100 1 .2 31 .32 29 43 16 32 +48 .3 +100

1 .22 68°F T-2 1100 1 .2 31 .32 50 54 90 100 +8 .0 +11 .1 E7016

1 .22 32°F T-2 1100 1 .2 31 .32 32 38 70 52 +18 .8 -25 .7
1 .22 -4°F T-2 1100 1 .2 31 .32 34 39 54 40 +14 .7 -25 .9
1 .22 -4°F T-2 1100 1 .2 31 .32 40 27 49 28 -32 .5 -42 .9

1 .22 32°F L-1 1100 1 .2 31 .32 67 66 E7016

1 .22 -4°F L-1 1100 1 .2 31 .32 45 49
1 .22 -40°F L-1 1100 1 .2 31 .32 11 20

1 .22 32°F L-2 1100 1 .2 31 .32 87 94 E7016

1 .22 -4°F L-2 1100 1 .2 31 .32 62 63
1 .22 -40°F L-2 1100 1 .2 31 .32 37 46

Fb 50 Nb Norm . (Similar to A 737, Gr. B) . (C = 0 .19, Mn = 1 .25, Si = 0 .43, Al = 0 .50, Nb = 0 .033, V = 0 .010).

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN o CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

1 .46 -4°F L-1 1100 3 31 .94 52 76 30 32 +46.2 +6 .7 E7016

1 .46 -13°F L-1 1100 3 31 .94 26

1 .46 -4°F L-2 1100 3 31 .94 53 69 43 35 +30 .2 -18 .6 E7016

1 .46 -13°F L-2 1100 3 31 .94 40

1 .46 -4°F T-1 25 31 E7016

1 .46 -4°F T-1 27

1 .46 -4°F T-2 32 48 E7016

1 .46 -4°F T-2 41

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 71



Table 3-(Continued)

FG 36T Norm . (Similar to A 737, Gr . B) . (C = 0 .17-0 .21, Mn = 1 .37-1 .51, Si = 0 .35-0 .44, Al = 0 .036-0.040,
Nb = 0 .010-0 .030, V = 0 .004-0 .080).

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

1 .97 -4°F T-1 1050 4 31 .11 39 43 +10 .3 E7016

1 .97 -4°F T-2 1050 4 31 .11 45 24 -46 .7 E7016

1 .97 68°F L-1 1050 4 31 .11 114 115 +0 .9 E7016

1 .97 32°F L-1 1050 4 31 .11 71 118 +66 .2
1 .97 -4°F L-1 1050 4 31 .11 68 93 +36 .8
1 .97 -40°F L-1 1050 4 31 .11 27 66 +144

1 .97 68°F L-2 1050 4 31 .11 80 116 +45 .0 E7016

1 .97 32°F L-2 1050 4 31 .11 115 86 -25 .2
1 .97 -4°F L-2 1050 4 31 .11 89 85 -4 .5
1 .97 -40°F L-2 1050 4 31 .11 62 71 +14 .5

OX 522 Z Norm . (Similar to A 737, Gr . B) . (C = 0 .178, Mn = 1 .41-1 .47, Si = 0 .42-0 .47, Al = ?,

Nb = 0 .018-0 .028, V = 0 .000-0 .007).

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir .- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

2 .40 +68°F L-1 1060 2 .4 30 .98 113 E7016

2 .40 +68°F L-1 1060 2 .4 30.98 80 115 +48 .3
2 .40 +32°F L-1 1060 2 .4 30 .98 71
2 .40 -4°F L-1 1060 2 .4 30.98 68
2 .40 -4°F L-1 1060 2 .4 30 .98 90 114 +26 .7
2 .40 -40°F L-1 1060 2 .4 30.98 27
2 .40 -40°F L-1 1060 2 .4 30 .98 45 66 +46 .7

2 .40 +32°F L-2 1060 2 .4 30 .98 114 109 -4 .4 E7016

2 .40 -4°F L-2 1060 2 .4 30 .98 78 91 +16 .7
2 .40 -40°F L-2 1060 2 .4 30 .98 38 25 -34 .2
2 .40 -49°F L-2 1060 2 .4 30 .98 29

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN A CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

2 .40 +68°F T-1 1060 2 .4 30 .98 62 61 -1 .6 E7016

2 .40 -4°F T-1 1060 2 .4 30 .98 33 38 +15 .2
2 .40 -40°F T-1 1060 2 .4 30 .98 26 28 35 20 +7 .7 -42 . 9

2 .40 +32°F T-2 1060 2 .4 30 .98 42 52 +23 .8 E7016

2 .40 -4°F T-2 1060 2 .4 30 .98 38 34 -10 .5
2 .40 -40°F T-2 1060 2 .4 30 .98 25 27 33 13 +8 .0 -60 .6
2 .40 -49°F T-2 1060 2 .4 30 .98 25 24 -4 .0

72 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 3-(Continued)

BS1501-223, Gr . 32A Norm . (Similar to A 737, Gr . B) . (C = 0 .200, Mn = 1 .54, Si = 0 .24,

Al = 0 .009, Nb = 0 .036, V = 0 .010).

Material & Test PWHT Conditions HAZ, CVN WM, CVN o CVN, % Welding
Conditions (Ave . Values) (Ave . Values) Process
Thk . Test Dir.- Temp Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT HAZ WM & WM
in ./HT Temp Side °F CVN CVN CVN CVN
(SMAW)

2 .78 -22°F L-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 53 72 27 30 +35 .8 +11 .1 E7018

2 .78 -22°F L-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 38 42 +10 .5
2 .78 -40°F L-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 39 15 -61 .5

2 .78 -22°F L-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 74 44 38 75 -40 .5 +97 .4 E7018

2 .78 -40°F L-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 64 41 31 25 -35 .9 -19 .4

2 .78 -22°F T-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 30 26 -13 .3 E7018

2 .78 -22°F T-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 56 E7018

2 .78 -22°F T-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 22
2 .78 -22°F T-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 26
2 .78 -22°F T-1 1100 2 .7 31 .87 34

2 .78 -22°F T-2 1100 2 .7 31 .87 35 24 -31 .4 E7018

2 .78 -40°F T-2 1100 2 .7 31 .87 23 20 -13 .0

2 .78 -22°F T-2 1100 2.7 31 .87 25 E7018

2 .78 -22°F T-2 1100 2 .7 31 .87 14
2 .78 -22°F T-2 1100 2.7 31 .87 37
2 .78 -22°F T-2 1100 2 .7 31 .87 25

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 73



Table 4 -Base Metal & HAZ Hardness-A 516 Gr . 70

4 (a) Welding Position : 1G

Mat] PWHT Conditions Base Metal HAZ, HV Max . HAZ, HB Max . Welding
Thk . CE Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT AHB Process
in . °F HB HB HV HV (-)% HB HB (-)%

1 .5 .39 1150 1 .5 32 .48 145 139 230 219 4 .8 185 156 15 .7 FCA
(E70T-1)
2 .25 .44 1137 6 .5 33 .24 167 152 234 214 8 .5 197 183 7 .1 SAW1
(EM13K)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 152 137 224 184 17 .8 176 149 15 .3 SAW2
(EM13K)
2 .25 1150 8 33 .65 163 152 218 257(?) 195 181 7 .2 SAW2
(EA2)
1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 167 149 267 200 25 .1 199 170 14 .6 FCA
(E70T-1)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 154 137 262 198 24 .4 189 154 18 .5 FCA
(E70T-1)
2 1150 10 33 .81 179 163 212 179 15 .6 FCA
2 1150 10 33 .81 179 163 217 179 17 .5 FCA
(E70T-5)
1 1150 15 34 .09 170 152 281 192 31 .7 192 156 18 .8 SMAW
(E7018)
1 1150 15 34 .09 166* 141* 208 158 24 .0 SAW
(EH14)
2 1150 15 34 .09 168 140 223 176 21 .0 187 158 15 .5 SAW
(EH14)
2 .40 1150 15 34 .09 163 149 183 179 2 .2 SAW1
2 .40 1150 15 34 .09 167 146 179 163 8 .9 SAW1
(EA2)
2 1150 15 34 .09 163 140 192 163 15.1 SAW1
(EA2)
1 .5 .41 1150 15 34 .09 158 137 269 182 32 .3 197 161 18 .3 FCA
(E70T-G)
2 .42 1150 15 34 .09 159 163 229 179 21 .8 FCA
(E70T-1)
2 1150 15 34 .09 163 156 254 175 31 .1 220 179 18.6 FCA
(E70T-1)

*HV Hardness

74 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 4 -(Continued)
4 (b) Welding Position : 2G
Mat'l PWHT Conditions Base Metal HAZ, HV Max . HAZ, HB Max. Weld.
Thk . CE Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT AHB Pron.
in . °F HB HB HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .75 1100 1 .8 31 .60 400 190 52 .5 SMAW

(E7018)
1 .5 1150 1 .5 32 .48 156 149 340 202 40 .6 212 163 23 .1 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .5 .39 1150 1 .5 32 .48 167 152 365 186 49 .0 210 169 19 .5 FCA
(E71T-1)

1 .5 1150 2 32 .68 156 149 273 215 21 .2 197 170 13 .7 AGW1

(EL12)
1 1150 5 33 .33 161 161 352 184 47 .7 212 170 19 .8 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 1150 8 33 .65 163 156 223 185 17 .0 197 167 15 .2 AGW
(EA2)

1 .5 1150 8 33.65 156 149 412 205 50.2 199 163 18 .1 SMAW
E7018-1

1 .37 1150 15 34 .09 156 143 416 181 56 .5 201 163 18 .9 SMAW
1 .37 1150 15 34 .09 151 143 420 186 55 .7 195 156 20 .0 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .25 1150 15 34 .09 156 149 379 187 50 .7 197 163 17 .3 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .41 1150 15 34 .09 163 145 291 215 26 .1 212 156 26 .4 FCA
(E71T-1)

2 .40 1150 15 34 .09 143 131 325 190 41 .5 215 151 29 .8 FCA
2 .40 1150 15 34 .09 143 143 325 189 41 .8 215 179 16 .7 FCA
(E71T-1)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 75



Table 4 -(Continued)
4 (c) Welding Position : 3G

Mat'I PWHT Conditions j Base Metal HAZ, HV Max . HAZ, HB Max. Welding
Thk . CE Temp . Hr LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT AHB Process
s
in . °F HB HB HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .97 1100 2 31 .67 187 174 237 209 11 .8 212 197 7 .1 SMAW
1 .97 1100 2 31 .67 192 174 381 209 45 .1 277 197 28.9 SMAW
(E7016)
1 .41 1150 1 32 .20 156 156 371 385 (+3 .8) 192 192 0 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .5 .41 1150 1. 32 .48 183 146 327 182 44 .3 229 156 31 .9 SMAW
5
(E7018)
1 .5 .41 1150 1. 32 .48 163 156 232 212 8 .6 197 177 10.2 FCA
5
(E71 T-8)
1 .5 .41 1150 2 32 .68 156 146 230 199 13 .5 187 156 16 .7 FCA
(E71 T-8)
1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 163 149 226 180 20 .4 187 167 10 .7 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 201 137 241 205 14 .9 199 156 21 .6 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 159 152 267 215 19 .5 189 174 7 .9 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 152 152 226 215 4 .9 179 174 2 .8 FCA
(E71T-1)
2 1150 10 33 .81 179 163 229 197 14 .0 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .5 1200 3 33 .99 156 149 183 163 16 .4 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .37 1150 15 34 .09 156 143 314 190 39 .5 192 159 17 .2 SMAW
1 .37 1150 15 34 .09 152 137 249 183 26 .5 201 163 18.9 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .25 1150 15 34 .09 159 143 419 201 52 .0 212 167 21 .2 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .5 .41 1150 15 34 .09 159 146 265 187 29 .4 207 146 29 .5 SMAW
(E7018)

4 (d) Welding Position : O&D

Mat'I PWHT Conditions Base Metal HAZ, HV Max . HAZ, HB Max . Welding
Thk . CE Tern Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT AHB Process
p.
in . °F HB HB HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .75 1100 1 .8 31 .60 323 243 24.8 SMAW

(E 7018)
1 .37 1150 15 34 .09 163 140 253 187 26 .1 190 151 20 .5 SMAW
1 .37 1150 15 34 .09 159 137 351 183 47 .9 179 149 16 .8 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .25 1150 15 34 .09 163 146 365 192 43 .4 207 159 23 .2 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .5 .41 1150 15 34 .09 159 143 273 186 31 .9 187 150 19 .8 SMAW
(E7018)

76 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 4 - (Continued)
4 (e) Welding Position : 4G

Mat'l PWHT Conditions Base Metal HAZ, HV Max . HAZ, HB Max . Welding
Thk . CE Tern Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT tHV Initial PWHT iHB Process
P.
in . °F HB HB HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 156 149 300 215 28 .3 194 167 13 .9 SMAW

(E7018-1)

Table 5-Base Metal & HAZ Hardness-A 537, Cl . 1

5 (a) Welding Position : 1G

Mat'I PWHT Conditions Base Metal HAZ, HV Max. HAZ, HB Max. Welding
Thk . CE Tern Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT OHB Process
P.
in . °F HB HB HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .50 1150 8 33.65 163 147 228 209 8 .3 183 163 10 .9 SAW2
(E70T-1)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 159 149 215 215 0 183 174 4 .9 SAW 1
(EM13K)
1 .25 1150 8 33.65 163 149 233 227 2 .6 197 179 9 .1 FCA
(EM13K)

5 (b) Welding Position : 2G

Mat'I PWHT Conditions Base Metal HAZ, HV Max . HAZ, HB Max . Welding
Thk . CE Tern Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT OHB Process
P.
in . °F HB HB HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

2 .0 1100 2 31 .67 312 255 18 .3 SMAW

(E7018)
1 .50 1125 1 .5 32 .0 179 170 462 260 43 .7 270 187 30 .7 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .50 1150 2 32.68 187 179 445 244 45 .2 241 197 18 .6 AGW2
(EM12K)
1 .63 1150 15 34.09 156 149 398 217 45 .5 217 179 17 .5 FCA
(E71 T-1)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 77



Table 5-(Continued)
5 (c) Welding Position : 3G

Mat'I PWHT Conditions Base Metal HAZ, HV Max . HAZ, HB Max . Welding
Thk . CE Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT OHB Process
in . °F HB HB HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .12 .36 1050 6 31 .38 163 152 430 216 49 .8 229 179 21 .8 SMAW
1 .12 .36 1050 6 31 .38 163 152 414 216 47 .8 255 179 33 .8 SMAW
E8018-C1
1 .18 .40 1125 1 .2 31 .83 170 159 238 253 (+6 .3) 192 183 4 .7 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .38 1125 1 .4 31 .93 167 167 282 247 12 .4 197 183 7 .1 SMAW
E8016-C1
1 .44 .37 1125 1 .5 31 .98 179 163 236 233 1 .3 197 179 9 .1 SMAW
E8018-C1
1 .02 1125 2 32 .18 156 149 191 224 (+6 .1) 181 167 2 .2 SMAW
E8018-C1
1 .0 .43 1110 4 32 .35 174 167 288 212 26 .4 212 179 15 .6 SMAW
E8018-C3
1 .25 .41 1150 1 .3 32 .38 163 159 264 222 15 .9 197 170 13 .7 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .25 1150 1 .3 32 .38 418 247 40 .9 SMAW
E8018-C1
1 .5 .41 1150 1 .5 32 .48 219 193 11 .9 FCA
E81 T1-
N12
1 .25 .45 1150 2 32 .68 163 163 299 211 26 .8 197 179 9 .1 SMAW
1 .25 .45 1150 2 32 .68 163 156 281 214 23 .8 197 179 9 .1 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .25 1150 2 32 .68 170 159 285 270 5 .3 197 170 13 .7 FCA
1 .25 1150 2 32 .68 163 167 385 244 10 .6 229 197 14 .0 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .0 1125 8 33 .13 163 170 217 187 13 .8 SMAW
E8018-Cl
1 .5 1150 4 33 .17 163 149 228 203 11 .0 187 167 10 .7 SMAW
E7018-1
1 .12 .36 1150 6 33 .45 163 152 430 313 27 .2 229 167 27 .1 SMAW
1 .12 .36 1150 6 33 .45 156 152 405 219 45 .9 235 179 23 .8 SMAW
1 .12 .36 1150 6 33 .45 163 152 415 217 47 .7 229 179 21 .8 SMAW
E8018-Cl
1 .0 1150 8 33 .65 170 168 197 179 9 .1 GMA
1 .0 1150 8 33 .65 179 168 201 179 10 .9 GMA
ER70S-G
1 .0 1150 8 33 .65 170 157 195 183 6 .2 GMA
ER70S-G
1 .0 1150 8 33 .65 152 146 370 196 47 .0 212 154 27 .6 SMAW
E8018-C1
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 161 154 322 206 36 .0 231 179 22 .5 SMAW
E8018-C1
1 .0 1150 8 33 .65 167 159 245 198 19 .2 197 174 11 .7 FCA
E71 T-8
1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 163 149 233 214 8 .2 187 170 9 .1 FCA
1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 159 152 249 233 6 .4 187 170 9 .1 E71 T-1

78 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 5- (Continued)

Mat] PWHT Conditions Base Metal HAZ, HV Max . HAZ, HB Max . Welding
Thk . CE Temp. Hrs LMP Initial PWHT Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT AHB Process
in . °F HB HB HV HV HB HB

1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 179 170 405 221 45 .4 255 192 24 .7 FCA

E71 T-8
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 174 123 328 206 37 .2 207 140 32 .4 FCA
E71T-1
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 174 165 217 176 18 .9 FCA
E71T-1
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 183 170 305 204 33 .1 241 187 22 .4 EGW
EG70T1
1 .63 1150 15 34 .09 156 149 398 217 45 .5 217 179 17 .5 FCA
E71T-1

Table 6 -Weld Metal Hardness-A 516 Gr . 70 & A 537 Cl. 1

6 (a) Welding Position : 1G

Mat'I PWHT Conditions WM, HV Max . WM, HB Max. Welding

Thk . CE Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT AHB Process
in . °F HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .50 1150 1 .5 32 .48 190 198 +4 .2 163 187 +14 .7 FCA

(E70T-1)
2 .25 1137 6 .5 33 .24 174 163 -6 .3 170 159 -6 .5 SA1
(EM13K)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 187 170 -9 .1 187 163 -12 .8 SAW2
(EM13K)

2 .25 1150 8 33 .65 206 209 +1 .5 207 207 0 SAW2

(EA2)
1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 206 202 -1 .9 199 205 +3 .1 FCA
(70T-1)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 202 199 -1 .5 204 183 -10 .3 FCA
(E70T-1)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 208 197 -5 .3 207 197 -4 .8 FCA
(E70T-1)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 188 179 -4 .8 183 179 -2 .2 SAW2
(EM13K)
1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 172 178 +3 .5 174 185 +6 .3 SAW 1
(EM13K)
2 .0 1150 10 33 .81 207 187 -9 .7 FCA
(E70T-5)
1 .0 1150 15 34 .09 207 178 -14 .0 201 179 -10 .9 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .0 1150 15 34 .09 205 174 -15 .1 156 179(?) SAW
(EH14)
2 .0 1150 15 34 .09 214 183 -14 .5 197 165 -16 .2 SAW
(EH14)
2 .0 1150 15 34 .09 207 197 -4 .8 SAW 1
201 179 -10 .9 (EA2)
217 197 -9 .2
1 .50 1150 15 34 .09 215 158 -26 .5 187 161 -13 .9 FCA
(E70T-G)
2 .0 1150 15 34 .09 182 179 -1 .6 185 185 0 FCA
(E70T-1)
215 204 -5 .1 201 204 +1 .5 (E70T-1)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 79



Table 6 -(Continued)

6 (b) Welding Position : 2G

Mat'I PWHT Conditions WM, HV Max . WM, HB Max . Welding

Thk . CE Temp . Hrs LMP Page PWHT iHV Initial PWHT AHB Process
No .
in . °F (HI) HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .75 1100 1 .8 31 .60 210 190 -9 .5 SMAW

(E7018)
2 .0 1100 2 31 .67 187 199 +6 .4 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .50 1150 1 .5 32 .48 200 178 -11 .0 183 179 -2 .2 SMAW
(E7019)
1 .50 1150 1 .5 32 .48 225 182 -19 .1 199 179 -10 .1 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .50 1150 1 .5 32 .48 263 206 -21 .7 187 165 -11 .8 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .50 1150 2 32 .68 219 220 +0 .5 197 197 0 AG W 1
(EL12)
2 .0 1150 2 32 .68 240 197 -17 .9 187 179 -4 .3 AGW2
(EMI 2K)
1 .0 1150 5 33 .33 215 203 -5 .6 212 212 0 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .0 1150 8 33 .65 206 187 -9 .2 210 183 -12 .9 AGW
(EA2)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 243 180 -25 .9 197 179 -9 .1 SMAW
(E7018-1)
1 .0 1150 15 34 .09 215 179 -16 .7 187 177 -5 .3 SMAW
204 179 -12 .3 192 177 -7 .8 (E7018)

1 .0 1150 15 34 .09 235 226 -3 .8 223 223 0 FCA

(E71T-1)
1 .25 1150 15 34 .09 198 174 -12 .1 201 179 -10 .9 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .25 1150 15 34 .09 232 241 +3 .9 223 220 -1 .3 FCA
(E71T-1)
2 .0 1150 15 34 .09 233 215 -7 .7 220 201 -8 .6 FCA
233 225 -3 .6 220 207 -5 .9 (E71T-1)

80 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 6 -(Continued)

6 (c) Welding Position : 3G

Mat'l PWHT Conditions WM, HV Max . WM, HB Max . Welding

Thk . CE Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT 6,HV Initial PWHT AHB Process
in . °F HV _ HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .12 1050 6 31 .38 267 191 -23 .8 291 197 -22 .4 SMAW
234 (ave .) 217 (ave .) (E8018-C1)

1 .97 1100 2 31 .67 196 203 -4 .5 197 201 -2 .9 SMAW

229 (ave .) 217 (ave .) (E7016)

1 .18 1125 1 .2 31 .83 220 251(?) +14 .1 207 201 -2 .9 SMAW

(E7016)
1 .38 1125 1 .4 31 .93 236 239 +1 .3 241 217 -10 .0 SMAW
(E8016-C1)
1 .44 1125 1 .5 31 .98 237 245 +3 .4 223 223 0 SMAW
(E8018-Cl)
1 .02 1125 2 32 .18 201 214 +6 .5 220 212 -3 .6 SMAW
(E8018-Cl)
1 .0 1150 1 32 .20 215 217 +0 .9 207 207 0 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .0 1110 4 32 .35 215 224 +4 .2 212 212 0 SMAW
(E8018-C3)
1 .25 1150 1 .3 32 .38 196 190 -3 .1 187 187 0 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .25 1150 1 .3 32 .38 311 214 -31 .2 SMAW
(E8018-Cl)
1 .50 1150 1 .5 32 .48 183 173 -5 .5 229 179 -21 .8 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .50 1150 1 .5 32 .48 210 194 -7 .6 201 170 -15 .4 FCA
(E71 T-8/1)
1 .50 1150 1 .5 32 .48 230 190 -17 .4 FCA
(E81T1-N12)

1 .25 1150 2 32 .68 202 190 -5 .9 197 197 0 SMAW

197 185 -6 .1 192 183 -4 .7 (E7018)

1 .25 1150 2 32 .68 213 205 -3 .8 212 207 -2 .4 FCA

228 218 -4 .4 201 207 +3 .0) (E71T-1)

1 .50 1150 2 32 .68 209 171 -18 .2 197 170 -13 .7 FCA
(E71T-8)
1 .0 1125 8 33 .13 241 212 -12 .0 SMAW
(E8018-Cl)
1 .50 1150 4 33 .17 201 183 -9 .0 201 192 -4 .5 SMAW
(E7018-1)
1 .12 1150 6 33 .45 267 220 -17 .6 291 207 -28 .9 SMAW
311 236 -24 .1 269 229 -14 .9 (E8018-C1)
296 230 -22 .3 235 229 -2 .6

1 .0 1150 8 33 .65 248 162 -34 .7 238 167 -29 .8 SMAW

(E8018-Cl)
1 .0 1150 8 33 .65 193 186 -3 .6 187 187 0 FCA
(E71T-8)

Table continues on the next page

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 81



Table 6 -(Continued)

Mat'l PWHT Conditions WM, HV Max . WM, HB Max . Welding

Thk . CE Temp . Hrs LMP Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT AHB Process
in . °F HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 196 187 -4 .6 192 174 -9 .4 SMAW

(E7018)
1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 213 198 -7 .0 217 207 -4 .6 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .25 1150 8 33 .65 200 196 -2 .0 197 207 +5 .1 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 219 169 -22 .8 197 179 -9 .1 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 206 194 -5 .8 192 192 0 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 191 194 +1 .6 189 192 +1 .6 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 199 189 -4 .5 GMA
197 (ave .) (ER70S-G)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 214 197 -7 .9 GMA
(ER70S-G)
1 .50 1150 8 33 .65 259 210 -18 .9 235 207 -11 .9 SMAW
(E8018-Cl)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 202 200 -1 .0 192 183 -4 .7 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 216 199 -7 .9 207 207 0 EGW
(EG70T1)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 193 191 -1 .0 183 197(?) +7 .7 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .5 1150 8 33 .65 183 187 +2 .2 FCA
(E71T-1)
2 .0 1150 10 33 .81 235 229 -2 .6 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .50 1200 3 33 .99 207 201 -2 .9 FCA
(E71T-1)
1 .0 1150 15 34 .09 228 193 -15 .4 207 187 -9 .7 SMAW
208 188 -9 .6 207 170 -17 .9 (E7018)

1 .25 1150 15 34 .09 196 169 -13 .8 201 174 -13 .4 SMAW
(E7018)
1 .5 1150 15 34 .09 195 168 -13 .8 197 179 -9 .1 SMAW
(E7018)

82 WRC Bulletin 481



Table 6 —(Continued)

6 (d) Welding Position : OH & D

Mat'l PWHT Conditions WM, HV Max . WM, HB Max . Welding

Thk . CE Temp. Hrs LMP Initial PWHT AHV Initial PWHT tHB Process
in . °F HV HV (-%) HB HB (-%)

1 .75 1100 1 .8 31 .60 187 191 +2 .1 SMAW

(E7018)

1 .0 1150 15 34 .09 194 190 -2 .1 192 174 -9 .4 SMAW

198 188 -5 .1 187 170 -9 .1 (E7018)

1 .25 1150 15 34 .09 231 192 -16 .9 197 179 -9 .1 SMAW

(E7018)
1 .50 1150 15 34 .09 185 172 -7 .0 187 167 -10 .7 SMAW
(E7018)

Effect of PWHT and Notch Toughness on Welded Joints 83

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