DRUG EDUCATION

AND VICE CONTROL

AND DANGEROUS
DRUGS
TYPES OF DRUGS
• Prohibited Drugs –include both illegal and legal substances, including alcohol or
prescription drugs that have not been specifically prescribed, and used as prescribed, by a
licensed physician for specific treatment purposes of the employee at that time.
➢ include all illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, heroin, LSD and other
hallucinogens, designer drugs and prescription drugs or other illegal drugs.
➢ Two of the most used and valuable illegal drugs in the country
are methamphetamine hydrochloride (known locally as shabu) and marijuana.
• Prescriptive Drugs- A prescription drug (also prescription medication or prescription
medicine) is a pharmaceutical drug that legally requires a medical prescription to be
dispensed.
➢ In contrast, over-the-counter drugs can be obtained without a prescription. The
reason for this difference in substance control is the potential scope of misuse,
from drug abuse to practicing medicine without a license and without sufficient
education.
• Over the counter drugs- can be obtained without a prescription
TOXICOLOGY: Dangerous Effects Of Drugs
• Overdose – too much of a drug is taken
➢ An overdose is when you take more than the normal or recommended amount of something,
often a drug. An overdose may result in serious, harmful symptoms or death.
• Allergy - some drugs cause the release of histamine
➢ Allergies are your body's reaction to a normally harmless substance such as pollen, molds,
animal dander, latex, certain foods and insect stings also includes drugs.
➢ Allergy symptoms range from mild – rash or hives, itchiness, runny nose, watery/red eyes – to
life-threatening.
• Idiosyncrasy – individual reaction to a drug for an unexplained reasons. (maniacal behavior)
➢ an abnormal physical reaction by an individual to a food or drug.
➢ An idiosyncrasy is an unusual behavior, mannerism or reaction of a person or group of people.
An example of idiosyncrasy is someone being allergic to air.
➢ A behavior or way of thinking that is characteristic of a person.
• Poisonous Property – being protoplasmatic poisons
➢ any substance that causes injury or illness or death of a living organism.
• Side effects – some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other organs as well.
➢ a secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment.
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF DRUGS
How Drug Works?
-Drugs act within a cell rather than on a surface of the cell or extra – cellular fluids of the
body.
The amount of drug in a dose can be describe as:
• Minimal Dose - The smallest quantity of a drug that will, or will likely, produce a
physiological effect in an adult.
• Maximal Dose - The largest quantity of a drug that an adult can safely take within a given
period.
• Toxic Dose - A dose containing not quite enough of a toxin or noxious substance to cause
death. Toxic doses cause pinpoint pupils, vomiting, excessive salivation and sweating,
tachycardia, hypertension, and eventually convulsions and cardiorespiratory.
• Abusive Dose - The use of illegal drugs or the use of prescription or over-the-counter
drugs for purposes other than those for which they are meant to be used, or in excessive
amounts. Drug abuse may lead to social, physical, emotional, and job-related problems.
• Lethal Dose - A lethal dose is an amount of a drug or other agent that will kill a human or
animal if administered.
How are Drugs Administered?
1. Oral - Taking into the body by mouth.
2. Injection - Use of a syringe and needle to push fluids or drugs into
the body
3. Inhalation - the inhaling of medicines or anesthetics in the form of a
gas or vapor.
4. Topical - Applying medication to the skin or mucous membranes
allows it to enter the body from there.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
• Holy Bible (the Book of Judges of the O.T.) – Samson was put to sleep by Delilah by means
of a drug – laced wine.
• Romans – used narcotics in the practice of oracles and black magic during the ancient
time.
• Marijuana – worlds oldest cultivated plants started by the Incas of Peru.
• Incas of Peru and Mexico – use coca leaves during religious ceremonies
• Assyrians – considered Marijuana as “sacred tree”.
• Opium Poppy – goes back about 7000 B.C. cultivated and prepared by the Sumerians.
• Hippocrates (5000 B.C.) – prescribed the juice of the white poppy plant to cure many
illnesses.
• 19th Century – widespread of opium in China
- Opium trade between China and Portuguese but took over by the British and established
the Opuim Trade Monopoly through the British Indies Company.
• Opium War (1840)
Opium Poppy
• Papaver somniferum, commonly known as the opium poppy or
breadseed poppy, is a species of flowering plant in the family
Papaveraceae.
• Morphine – discovered by Freiderich W. Seturner
- to cure opium addicts, named before Morpheus “God of Dream
-Morphine is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in
poppies. It is mainly used as a pain medication, and is also commonly used
recreationally, or to make other illicit opioids.
• Heroin – to cure opium and morphine addicts, named after the word “hero” due
to its impressive power.
- discovered by Alder Wright and known as “miracle drug”.
- a highly addictive analgesic drug derived from morphine, often used illicitly as a
narcotic producing euphoria.
• Codeine – to cure opium, morphine and heroin addicts. Codeine is an opiate and
prodrug of morphine mainly used to treat pain, coughing, and diarrhea.
-t is also commonly used as a recreational drug. It is found naturally in the sap of
the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum. It is typically used to treat mild to
moderate degrees of pain.
THE GLOBAL DRUG SCENE:
Drug Trafficking – known as illegal drug trade.
- It is a global market activity consisting of production, distribution, packaging and sale of illegal
psychoactive substance. It includes smuggling across boarders, and distribution within the demand
country.
- Drug trafficking is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale
of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws.
Mule – Is a lower echelon criminals recruited by a smuggling organization to cross a boarder carrying
drugs.
- A drug mule is someone who smuggles illegal drugs. Typically, this is done in trafficking schemes
where drugs are being transported across country borders. The drug mule may hide the substances
in their vehicle, possessions, or even on or within their body.

Two primary means of distribution:

1. Hierarchy – using own men
2. Hub - and – spoke layout – using gangs and localized criminal organization.
Drug Syndicate:
- a group of organized and professional criminal with a formal hierarchy
of organization set in illicit drug trade.
- Also known as “drug cartel”.

1. Colombian Medellin Cartel (1980) by Pablo Escobar Gaviria, Jose

Gonzalo and Ochoa Brothers
- The Medellin cartel surged to power in the 1980s. It was run by
brothers Jorge Luis, Juan David, and Fabio Ochoa Vasquez; Pablo
Escobar; Carlos Lehder; George Jung; and Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez
Gacha. During the peak of its reign, the Medellin cartel brought in up to
$60 million a day in drug profits.
2. Cali Cartel (1970) by Gilberto Rogriguez Orejuela, Miguel Rodriguez
Orejuela, Jose Santacruz Londono and Helmer Pacho Herrera.
- The Cali Cartel (Spanish: Cartel de Cali) was a drug cartel based in
southern Colombia, around the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca
Department. Its founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez
Orejuela and Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela. They broke away from Pablo
Escobar and his Medellín associates in 1987, when Hélmer "Pacho"
Herrera joined what became a four-man executive board that ran the cartel.
3. Norte del Valle Cartel (North Valley Cartel) 1990, by Diego Leon Montoya
Sanchez
- The Norte del Valle Cartel, or North Valley Cartel, was a drug cartel
that operated principally in the north of the Valle del Cauca department of
Colombia, most notably the coastal city of Buenaventura.
4. Triad (Chinese known Mafia), Cosa Nostra (United States), Octopus
Napolitan Camura (Europe), Yakuza (Japan), Sicilian Mafia (Italy).
THE DANGEROUS DRUGS:
• RA 9165 – dangerous drugs include those listed in the
schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on
Narcotic Drugs as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and
the schedules annexed to the 1971 Convention on
Psychotropic Substances.